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Unit 2 课文语篇填空
Effective communication
If you heard someone shout “Hey you!” from across the room, how would you react Just these two words can carry a lot of information. They could be interpreted as a welcoming greeting from a close friend, especially if 1. ________ (accompany) by a gentle smile. When spoken by a stranger, they can function as a means of attracting your attention. Much of what we communicate 2. ________ (be) dependent not only on the words we use, but also on how we use them. So, let's look a little deeper into the topic of communication.
Communication is the process of exchanging information between a sender and a receiver. The sender encodes a message and sends it face to face, or through video, telephone, mail or social media. This message is then received and decoded by the receiver. In response, the receiver sends an encoded message back, 3.________ is referred to as feedback. This feedback is decoded by the original sender and the entire cycle repeats itself until they have finished communicating.
This communication process can be challenging but, with practice and patience, you can become a highly competent communicator. 4.________(accomplish) this, you need to know with whom you are communicating. What is their age or position What is their relationship with you What expectations and cultural backgrounds do they have Once you have obtained this information, you can use it to determine how best to communicate with them. 5.________(depend) on whether you are communicating with a stranger, friend, family member or co-worker, you will need to decide which communication channel best suits the situation. Furthermore, you will need to determine the appropriate style to use and how complex your choice of words should be. For example,if you are a business person negotiating with a large enterprise about a deal, you should do it face to face, using formal language in a straightforward manner.
Your body language is 6.________(equal) important, since it reveals a lot about your thoughts and attitudes. Make sure it clearly supports the message you want to deliver. A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed, while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction. Additionally, you should not ignore the other person's body language, which will give you clues as to whether the conversation is going well or not. When you notice a change in the other person's body language, you should adjust how you are communicating accordingly. If someone looks at you with a confused expression, this could indicate that they have not completely understood your point. Then you will need to clarify your message before moving on.
While being 7.________ (knowledge) about body language is vital, the value of empathy should not be understated. Seek to understand the other person's emotions, by putting yourself in their shoes and looking at the situation from their perspective. Suppose you are discussing a project with your partner, who has just lost an important basketball game and is inactive. To engage him or her 8.________ the discussion and make your communication more effective, you may express your sympathy by, for instance, saying,"I understand how you feel ..." However, some issues may be complicated and you may be confused about why others feel the way they do. Only when you give serious consideration to their points of view will you be able to see what accounts for their emotions and empathize with them. You may not approve of their ideas but at least you will see where they are coming from, which means you can make adjustments to your own tone and choice of words accordingly.
Effective communication will enable you to settle differences and 9.________(disagree) appropriately and improve your interactions with others. Good communication skills will also help you build trust and gain respect, allowing relationships to become more positive and 10.________ (product). So, get practising and good luck!
【答案】1. accompanied; 2. is; 3. which; 4. To accomplish; 5. Depending; 6. equally; 7. knowledgeable; 8. in; 9. disagreements; 10. productive
Borrowed words
“The restaurant's fried tofu is delicious.” Is there anything special about this sentence Well, all the words except “the” and “is” 1.________(borrow) from other languages! This comes as no surprise, given that English has borrowed words from more than 300 different languages, 2.________(include) Latin, Greek, French and Chinese. However, English is not alone in borrowing words from other languages—borrowed words can be found in almost all languages. For example, English words that are borrowed into the Chinese language include "bacon","tank" and "golf".
Word borrowing comes about when two cultures with different languages interact. This tends 3.________(happen) when there is no suitable word for an object or idea in the native tongue. This phenomenon has been occurring for thousands of years. In the current age of globalization, when communications technology brings different cultures closer together, words are even 4.________(likely) to be borrowed straight from the source language at a faster pace than ever before, especially those related to technological developments, such as "email" and "Internet".
Though borrowing words has become faster, the process is still complex, and it takes time before new words are integrated into everyday speech. At first, the borrowed word is only used by bilingual speakers. It then spreads to people 5.________do not know the original language, and they will change the pronunciation to fit the way they speak, almost unknowingly. An example of this is the word“kung fu”, which refers to Chinese martial arts. This word comes from Chinese gongfu. 6.________ time, the sounds that are difficult to pronounce have been replaced with more familiar ones. The longer a borrowed word has been in use, the more it sounds and even looks like the native language.
Borrowed words are 7.________ outcome of language development that can hardly be avoided, but some language communities oppose adopting words from other cultures. There are countries that make interventions to keep their native language pure in order to defend their identity.The French 8.________(specific) have an official organization that creates new words in order to avoid borrowed words. Some languages have an extremely small number of speakers, such as the Native American Navajo language, used only by the members of the tribe. Under this circumstance,it becomes a matter of survival for the native language to reject outside influences.
While some communities are pessimistic about the exchange between languages, there are also other communities that readily welcome borrowed words. English, especially, is based on a mix of Latin, Greek and Germanic languages. The English-speaking community does not hesitate about absorbing foreign words into its daily vocabulary. In fact, there have never been any formal academic 9.________(restrict) on new borrowed words. Borrowing words allows the language to continue to develop, enabling the community to have a more efficient language which makes it possible for them to share their experiences with new-found ease. It is also through those words that novel ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly.
According to the linguist Edward Sapir,“It would be difficult to point to a completely 10.________(isolate) language ...” For better or for worse, the tendency to borrow words has never gone out of style. The more international and globalized the world becomes, the more language characteristics will be shared between nations and cultures.
【答案】1. are borrowed; 2. including; 3. to happen; 4. more likely; 5. who; 6. Over; 7. an; 8. specifically; 9. restrictions; 10. Isolated

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