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06.完形填空之夹叙夹议
【题型总览】
　夹叙夹议文是高考完形填空中最有难度的体裁, 所选文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强, 一般有以下两种结构特点:
　　1. 先叙述作者亲历或所见所闻的一件事情, 然后针对这件事情发表自己的看法, 或揭示生活的真理。
　　2. 先提出一种观点或看法, 然后用事例说明, 最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。
　　在做这类文章时, 抓住作者的观点或作者阐述的生活哲理是关键, 因为作者叙述所发生的事例是为作者要表达的思想服务的, 考点设置也是围绕这一主题的。
【突破策略】
【策略1】活用逻辑析答案
虽然高考完形填空越来越淡化对语法的考查, 但是一个语意连贯的语篇必须通过省略、指代、原因等语法关联手段来实现, 命题人常利用这些关联制造语境, 设置考点。所以说, 把逻辑关系活用好, 答案就会板上钉钉。
【真题示例】(2023 全国甲卷 完形填空节选)
　　Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer. The first time we　41　 there, we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike making its way down the hill toward us.
A. waited　　　 B. met
C. camped D. stayed
【答题思路】根据前文“I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer”可知, 作者在当地买了房子, 所以there就是指代房子, 因此, 正常逻辑推理是:第一次住在那里的时候, 我们听到了一辆摩托车从山上向我们开过来的突突声。故选D项。
【策略2】背景知识析答案
完形填空的语篇中渗透着文化、科学、民俗等方面的知识, 有些选项的设置也与此有关。在做题时, 积极运用相关背景知识, 将会“事半功倍”找到答案。
【真题示例】(2023 全国乙卷 完形填空节选)
　　By 　55　 the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so.
A. clarifying　　　 B. defending
C. winning D. demanding
【答题思路】背景知识: the Olympic all-around(奥运全能)是指好几项比赛, 只有拥有多样才能和高超的技术的运动员才能赢得奥运会全能冠军。这也验证了后半句she became the first black woman to do so(她成为第一位获得这一殊荣的黑人女性)。故选C项。
【策略3】平行结构现答案
平行结构指结构形式相同, 内容语法一致的句子或词组排列的语言现象。高考命题者常利用其特点来设空。因此, 掌握这一结构将会大大提高做题效率。
【真题示例】 (2023 全国乙卷 完形填空节选)
　　To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she　41　best. She had to　42　her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say　43　to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to ride waves on her board.
41. A. tried　　　　 B. thought
C. judged D. knew
42. A. take up B. pack up
C. clean up D. do up
43. A. goodbye B. hello
C. thanks D. no
【答题思路】41, 42和43这三个设空处所在句子是平行结构, 把这三个句子整体阅读分析可知:为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军, Gabby Douglas不得不放弃她最熟悉的一切。她不得不整理好她在弗吉尼亚州的卧室。她不得不和她的两只狗以及她喜欢在冲浪板上冲浪的海滩说再见。故选D、B、A项。
【策略4】同义复现现答案
同义复现不是原词复现, 但它和原词复现的功能是异曲同工的。同义复现是通过原词的同源词、同根词或相近意义的词来表达句意。只要掌握了这一技法, 就能迅速且准确地发现答案。
【真题示例】(2023·浙江1月卷·完形填空节选)
　　The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest. I was on my way to witness a unique honey harvest. Here, in south-east Ethiopia, hand-carved beehives(蜂箱)are placed in the 　42　.
A. courtyards B. fields
C. treetops D. caves
【答题思路】
句意:在埃塞俄比亚东南部, 手工制作的蜂箱被放在树顶。根据下文“higher up the tree trunk. ”和选项C. treetops 构成同义复现, 故选C项。
【题型精练】
1
My phone was an extension of myself. I couldn’t go anywhere 1 it. I scrolled through my friends’ 2 into late night and turned my phone on before my eyes were fully open. I enjoyed having it until that day when I realized that what had started as a useful tool had turned into a(n) 3 . So, I made a 4 decision to turn off that smartphone and 5 my old dumb phone out of hiding.
When I was watching TV shows or movies and there was a boring part, I 6 picking up the phone and checking out “what everyone else was doing.” Now I had to pay attention or find a way to 7 myself with my thoughts instead. When I visited New York City, I had to write out 8 and ask people where an intersection (十字路口) was 9 pulling out my phone.
I have welcomed silence into my life with open arms and am enjoying the increased 10 from not constantly having to fight with the 11 to check my phone while I’m trying to get something done. I am allowing my thoughts to speak to me instead of my phone. I am connecting with others in a 12 way that isn’t all about me. Instead of always posting about what’s going on in my 13 perfect life, I am connecting with my friends one-on-one, talking about the reality of our lives and being there for them from a place of 14 .
As much as having a smartphone was 15 , not having one is freeing on a much bigger level.
1. A. through B. without C. despite D. upon
2. A. updates B. instructions C. assessments D. decisions
3. A. symbol B. responsibility C. reality D. addiction
4. A. conscious B. shameful C. foolish D. random
5. A. sell B. pull C. throw D. mind
6. A. avoided B. denied C. missed D. allowed
7. A. assist B. improve C. associate D. occupy
8. A. requests B. thoughts C. directions D. comments
9. A. instead of B. regardless of C. but for D. apart from
10. A. creativity B. productivity C. knowledge D. independence
11. A. routine B. necessity C. loneliness D. temptation
12. A. genuine B. grateful C. direct D. desperate
13. A. naturally B. certainly C. seemingly D. gradually
14. A. wonder B. imagination C. interest D. authenticity
15. A. depressive B. comfortable C. stressful D. boring
【答案】
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. B 11. D 12. A 13. C 14. D 15. B
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者曾沉迷于手机，后来意识到手机成了负担。于是关掉智能手机，用老式手机。不再随时查看手机，学会享受平静，更注重人际关系。作者感到自由，强调了不拥有智能手机的解脱感。
1. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：没有它我哪儿也去不了。A. through通过；B. without没有；C. despite尽管；D. upon在……之上。根据上文“an extension of myself”和下文“into late night and turned my phone on before my eyes were fully open”可推知，手机成为了作者的一部分，所以没有手机他哪儿也去不了。故选B项。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我翻看朋友们的更新直到深夜，还没完全睁开眼睛就打开了手机。A. updates更新；B. instructions指示；C. assessments评估；D. decisions决定。结合常识和句中“scrolled through (滚动浏览)”可推知，作者翻看的是朋友在社交网络上更新的内容。故选A项。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很喜欢用它，直到有一天我意识到，它原本是一个有用的工具，但后来变成了一种瘾。A. symbol象征；B. responsibility责任；C. reality现实；D. addiction上瘾。根据上文“I scrolled through my friends’　　2　　into late night and turned my phone on before my eyes were fully open.”可知，作者在手机上翻看朋友们的更新直到深夜，还没完全睁开眼睛就打开了手机，说明他已经对手机上瘾。故选D项。
4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以，我做了一个慎重的的决定，关掉智能手机，把我的旧手机从藏起来的地方取出来。A. conscious慎重的；B. shameful可耻的；C. foolish愚蠢的；D. random随机的。根据上文“I realized that what had started as a useful tool had turned into a(n)　　3　　”可知，作者知道自己对手机上瘾，所以决定关掉智能手机用旧的老式手机，这是他有意识的、慎重的决定。故选A项。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，我做了一个有意识的决定，关掉智能手机，把我的旧手机从藏起来的地方取出来。A. sell卖；B. pull拉，拔出，取出；C. throw扔；D. mind在意。根据上文“turn off that smartphone”和下文“old dumb phone out of hiding”可推知，作者要收好智能手机，拿出老式旧手机来使用。故选B项。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我在看电视节目或电影，看到其中一个无聊的部分时，我就想着拿起手机看看“其他人都在做什么。”。A. avoided避免；B. denied否认；C. missed想念；D. allowed允许。结合常识和上文“there was a boring part”与下文“checking out “what everyone else was doing.””可推知，对手机上瘾的人只要一有空，就会想着拿出手机看看。故选C项。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在我必须集中注意力，或者找到一种方法让自己沉浸在我的思想中。A. assist协助；B. improve改善；C. associate联想；D. occupy使忙于，使一直在想。根据上文“pay attention”和下文“with my thoughts”要推知，现在作者想要戒掉手机瘾，所以他要让自己专注于自己的思考，不去想手机；occupy myself with my thoughts“让自己沉浸在思考中”。故选D项。
8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我访问纽约市时，我不得不写下路线，并询问人们十字路口在哪里，而不是掏出我的手机。A. requests请求；B. thoughts思考；C. directions(指示路线的)说明；D. comments评论。根据上文可知，作者收起了智能手机，结合下文“ask people where an intersection (十字路口)”可推知，没有了智能手机，作者只能写下行走的路线并问路。故选C项。
9. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：当我访问纽约市时，我不得不写下路线，并询问人们十字路口在哪里，而不是掏出我的手机。A. instead of而不是；B. regardless of不管；C. but for要不是；D. apart from除了。根据上文“write out　　8　　and ask people where an intersection (十字路口) was”可知，作者没有了智能手机，只能写下行走的路线并问路，而不是掏出智能手机查询。故选A项。
10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我张开双臂欢迎平静进入我的生活，我很享受生产效率的提高，因为在我想要完成某事的时候，我不必总是与查看手机的诱惑作斗争。A. creativity创造力；B. productivity生产效率；C. knowledge知识；D. independence独立。根据下文“to check my phone while I’m trying to get something done”可知，作者以前在想要完成某事的时候，总是要与查看手机的诱惑作斗争，而现在没有了智能手机，拥有了平静，由此推知，他的工作效率和生产效率会得到提高。故选B项。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我张开双臂欢迎安静进入我的生活，我很享受效率的提高，因为在我想要完成某事的时候，我不必总是与查看手机的诱惑作斗争。A. routine例行公事；B. necessity必要性；C. loneliness孤独；D. temptation诱惑。结合常识和上文“fight with”与“to check my phone”可推知，作者以前在想要完成某事的时候，会受到想要查看手机的诱惑。故选D项。
12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我以一种真诚的方式与他人交流，而不只是关于我自己。A. genuine真诚的；B. grateful感激的；C. direct直接的；D. desperate绝望的。根据下文“I am connecting with my friends one-on-one, talking about the reality of our lives and being there for them...”可知，现在作者与朋友一对一的真诚的交流。故选A项。
13. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我不再总是发布我看似完美的生活中发生了什么，而是与我的朋友们一对一地联系，谈论我们生活的现实，从一个真实的地方为他们提供帮助。A. naturally自然地；B. certainly当然；C. seemingly貌似，看似；D. gradually逐渐地。根据下文“talking about the reality of our lives”可推知，之前所以发布的内容是看似完美的生活，并不是现实的生活。故选C项。
14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不再总是发布我看似完美的生活中发生了什么，而是与我的朋友们一对一地联系，谈论我们生活的现实，从一个真实的地方为他们提供帮助。A. wonder惊奇；B. imagination想象力；C. interest兴趣；D. authenticity真实性。根据上文“I am connecting with my friends one-on-one, talking about the reality of our lives”可知，作者不再使用智能手机，不再发布看似完美的生活中事情，现在与朋友们一对一地联系，谈论我们生活的现实，由此推知，作者现与朋友的交往是立足于真实的自己或者真实的位置。故选D项。
15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：和拥有智能手机带来安逸一样，不用智能手机是在更大的层面上的一种解脱。A. depressive沮丧的；B. comfortable舒适的，安逸的；C. stressful有压力的；D. boring无聊的。根据上文“as much as(与……一样多)”和下文“not having one is freeing on a much bigger level”可知，句中把拥有智能手机和不用智能手机进行了比较，陈述了两者的优点，结合常识和上文可知，拥有智能手机带来便利和安逸。故选B项。
2
Over the past few decades, technology has profoundly transformed the way we live and work. The digital revolution has brought about 16 changes to industries, economies, and societies worldwide. As we continue to navigate this rapidly changing landscape, it is crucial to understand the 17 impact of technology on various aspects of our lives.
In the realm of employment, automation and artificial intelligence (AI) are reshaping job markets. Routine tasks that were once carried out by humans are now 18 by machines with remarkable efficiency. While this automation has increased productivity and reduced errors, it has also 19 concerns about job displacement and the need for upskilling.
The education sector has not been immune to technological advancements either. Online learning platforms and digital resources have 20 traditional classroom settings. This shift offers flexibility in learning, but it also requires learners to possess strong 21 skills to navigate digital environments effectively.
Communication has been revolutionized by technology as well. Social media platforms enable instantaneous global 22 , connecting people across borders. However, the rapid spread of information in the digital age has 23 challenges related to misinformation and privacy breaches.
Healthcare has witnessed the integration of technology through telemedicine and remote monitoring. While these innovations improve access to medical services, they also raise questions about the 24 of personal health data and the potential loss of the human touch in patient care.
In the realm of creativity, technology has opened new avenues for artistic expression. Digital art, virtual reality experiences, and interactive storytelling have 25 boundaries in the creative world. However, concerns linger about the 26 of originality and the potential loss of tangible artistic experiences.
The environment benefits from technology through innovations in renewable energy and resource management. Yet, the 27 footprint of electronic devices and the challenge of electronic waste management underscore the 28 implications of the digital revolution.
In conclusion, technology’s far-reaching influence touches every aspect of our lives. Its 29 can be both empowering and concerning. To navigate this complex landscape, individuals, businesses, and policymakers must work together to harness the potential of technology while addressing its 30 challenges.
16. A. incremental B. revolutionary C. gradual D. minimal
17. A. profound B. superficial C. theoretical D. casual
18. A. substituted B. enhanced C. abandoned D. detected
19. A. suppressed B. triggered C. alleviated D. sparked
20. A. surpassed B. preserved C. substituted D. revived
21. A. digital B. analytical C. cognitive D. interpersonal
22. A. correspondence B. connectivity C. isolation D. suspension
23. A. solved B. raised C. suppressed D. established
24. A. protection B. vulnerability C. anticipation D. interpretation
25. A. extended B. imposed C. enforced D. dissolved
26. A. preservation B. authenticity C. distortion D. manipulation
27. A. insignificant B. extensive C. marginal D. deliberate
28. A. beneficial B. detrimental C. ambiguous D. prevalent
29. A. implications B. consequences C. limitations D. requirements
30. A. promising B. potential C. evident D. underlying
【答案】
16. B 17. A 18. A 19. B 20. A 21. C 22. B 23. B 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. B 29. B 30. B
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。数字革命给世界各地的工业、经济和社会带来了革命性的变化。本文主要讲述了数字革命的影响，以及要驾驭这一复杂的局面，个人、企业和政策制定者必须共同努力，利用技术的潜力，同时应对其潜在的挑战。
16. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：数字革命给世界各地的工业、经济和社会带来了革命性的变化。A. incremental增加的，递增的；B. revolutionary革命的；C. gradual逐渐的，渐进的；D. minimal极小的，极少的。根据上文“Over the past few decades, technology has profoundly transformed the way we live and work.(在过去的几十年里，科技深刻地改变了我们的生活和工作方式)”可知，科技给我们的生活和工作方式带来的变化是革命性的。故选B。
17. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们继续在这个瞬息万变的环境中前行，理解技术对我们生活各个方面的深远影响是至关重要的。A. profound（影响）深刻的，极大的；B. superficial粗浅的，粗略的；C. theoretical理论的；D. casual休闲的，便装的。根据“As we continue to navigate this rapidly changing landscape (当我们继续在这个瞬息万变的环境中前行)”以及“Over the past few decades, technology has profoundly transformed the way we live and work.(在过去的几十年里，科技深刻地改变了我们的生活和工作方式)”可知，理解技术对我们生活各个方面的深远影响是至关重要的。故选A。
18. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：过去由人类完成的日常工作现在被效率极高的机器所取代。A. substituted取代，代替；B. enhanced 提高，增强；C. abandoned抛弃，遗弃；D. detected发现，识别。根据“In the realm of employment, automation and artificial intelligence (AI) are reshaping job markets.(在就业领域，自动化和人工智能(AI)正在重塑就业市场)”可知，过去由人类完成的日常工作正在被机器所取代。故选A。
19. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然这种自动化提高了生产力，减少了错误，但它也有缺点。引发了人们对失业和提高技能需求的担忧。A. suppressed镇压；阻碍发展；B. triggered触发的，起动的；C. alleviated减轻，缓和；D. sparked点燃，发动。根据“While this automation has increased productivity and reduced errors (然这种自动化提高了生产力，减少了错误，但它也有缺点)”可知，自动化的缺点引起了人们的担忧。故选B。
20. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在线学习平台和数字资源已经超越了传统的课堂环境。A. surpassed 超过，凌驾；B. preserved保护；C. substituted代替；D. revived使复活，使恢复。根据“The education sector has not been immune to technological advancements either. (教育部门也未能幸免于技术进步)”可知，在教育中，自动化使在线学习平台和数字资源已经超越了传统的课堂环境。故选A。
21. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种转变为学习提供了灵活性，但它也要求学习者拥有强大的认知技能，以有效地驾驭数字环境。A. digital数字的，数码的；B. analytical 具备分析能力的；C. cognitive认识的；D. interpersonal人际关系的。根据“to navigate digital environments effectively.(以有效地驾驭数字环境)”可知，有效地驾驭数字环境需要强大的认知技能。故选C。
22. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：社交媒体平台实现了即时的全球连接，将人们跨越国界联系在一起。A. correspondence信件，信函；B. connectivity连通（性）；C. isolation隔离，孤立；D. suspension暂停，中止。根据“connecting people across borders.(将人们跨越国界联系在一起)”可知，社交媒体平台实现了即时的全球连接。故选B。
23. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，数字时代信息的迅速传播带来了与错误信息和侵犯隐私有关的挑战。A. solved解决；解答；B. raised引起，使出现；C. suppressed镇压；阻碍发展；D. established建立，设立。根据“challenges related to misinformation and privacy breaches.(错误信息和侵犯隐私有关的挑战)”可知，数字时代信息的迅速传播带来错误信息和侵犯隐私有关的挑战。故选B。
24. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这些创新改善了获得医疗服务的机会，但它们也提出了个人健康数据的脆弱性以及在患者护理中可能失去人情味的问题。A. protection保护，防护；B. vulnerability易损性，弱点；C. anticipation 预期，预料；D. interpretation解释，理解。根据“the potential loss of the human touch in patient care.”可知，数字时代信息的迅速传播产生个人健康数据的脆弱性的问题。故选B。
25. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：数字艺术、虚拟现实体验和互动叙事在创意世界中扩展了界限。A. extended扩大，延长；B. imposed欺骗；把……强加于；C. enforced执行；D. dissolved解散；解除。根据“In the realm of creativity, technology has opened new avenues for artistic expression.(在创意领域，科技为艺术表达开辟了新的途径。)”可知，在创意领域，数字艺术、虚拟现实体验和互动叙事扩展了界限。故选A。
26. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，人们仍然担心原创的真实性和有形艺术体验的潜在损失。A. preservation保护，维护；B. authenticity真实性，可靠性；C. distortion歪曲，曲解；D. manipulation操纵；推拿。根据“concerns(担心)”以及“of originality(的创意)”可知，人们仍然担心原创的真实性。故选B。
27. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，电子设备的广泛足迹和电子废物管理的挑战强调了数字革命的有害影响。A. insignificant微不足道的，无足轻重的；B. extensive广阔的；广泛的；C. marginal小的，微不足道的；D. deliberate小心翼翼的；深思熟虑的。根据“and the challenge of electronic waste management underscore the 　　13　　 implications of the digital revolution.(电子废物管理的挑战强调了数字革命的有害影响)”可知，电子设备的广泛足迹是数字革命的有害影响。故选B。
28. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. beneficial有益的，有利的；B. detrimental有害的，不利的；C. ambiguous模棱两可的，有歧义的；D. prevalent盛行的，普遍的。根据“Yet, the extensive　　12　　 footprint of electronic devices and the challenge of electronic waste management (然而，电子设备的广泛足迹和电子废物管理的挑战)”可知，电子废物管理的挑战强调了数字革命的有害影响。故选B。
29. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它的后果可能是授权和关注。A. implications暗指，暗示；B. consequences后果，结果；C. limitations局限性；D. requirements要求。根据“In conclusion, technology’s far-reaching influence touches every aspect of our lives (总之，技术的深远影响触及我们生活的方方面面)”可知，技术影响到我们生活的方方面面，导致的结果是需要对其授权和关注。故选B。
30. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：要驾驭这一复杂的局面，个人、企业和政策制定者必须共同努力，利用技术的潜力，同时应对其潜在的挑战。A. promising有希望的，有前途的；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. evident清楚的，显然的；D. underlying根本的，潜在的。根据“To navigate this complex landscape(要驾驭这一复杂的局面)”可知，要驾驭这一复杂的局面，需要应对其潜在的挑战。故选B。
3
The days that make us happy make us wise.
--- John Masefield
When I first read this line by England's Poet Laureate, it 31 me. What did Masefield mean Without thinking about it much, I had always assumed that the 32 was true. But his serious assurance was 33 . I was deeply attracted by it.
Slowly, I seemed to 34 his meaning and realized the wisdom that happiness makes possible lies in clear perception(洞察力), not 35 by anxiety nor dimmed by despair and boredom, and without the blind 36 caused by fear.
Active happiness---not mere satisfaction or 37 ---often comes suddenly, like an April shower or the unfolding of a bud. Then you discover what kind of wisdom has 38 it. Amazingly, in your eyes, the grass is greener; bird songs are sweeter; the 39 of your friends are more understandable, and more forgivable. Happiness is like a pair of eyeglasses correcting your 40 vision.
Nor are the 41 of happiness limited to what is near around you. Unhappy, with your thoughts focused on your emotional woes (痛苦) , your vision is cut short as though blocked by a wall. Happy, the wall 42 .
Consequently, the long vision is there for the seeing. The ground at your feet, the world about you---people, thoughts, emotions, pressures---are now 43 a larger scene. Everything covers a fairer 44 . Everything around you, whether it is encouraging or frustrating, no longer seems such a big deal. And here is the beginning of 45 .
31. A. terrified B. satisfied C. surprised D. upset
32. A. other B. opposite C. view D. contrast
33. A. arresting B. amazing C. interesting D. disturbing
34. A. handle B. observe C. appreciate D. seize
35. A. iced B. clouded C. rained D. snowed
36. A. roads B. paths C. spots D. places
37. A. fulfillment B. sorrow C. disappointment D. entertainment
38. A. embraced B. interrupted C. responded D. accompanied
39. A. brightness B. stupidity C. shortcomings D. memories
40. A. physical B. sharp C. spiritual D. solid
41. A. insights B. impressions C. attentions D. expectations
42. A. extended B. collapsed C. witnessed D. withdrew
43. A. got out B. stayed on C. kept off D. fitted into
44. A. proportion B. position C. explanations D. duty
45. A. happiness B. wisdom C. ability D. life
【答案】
31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. B 36. C 37. A 38. D 39. C 40. C 41. A 42. B 43. D 44. A 45. B
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要论述了作者对“使我们快乐的日子使我们聪明”这句话的深刻认识。
31. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次读到英国桂冠诗人的这句话时，我很惊讶。A. terrified使害怕；B. satisfied使满意；C. surprised使惊讶；D. upset使心烦意乱。根据“Without thinking about it much, I had always assumed that the 　　2　　 was true.(没有仔细考虑，我一直认为事实正好相反。)”可知，因为和作者一直认为的事实正好相反，所以作者感到惊讶。故选C。
32. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有仔细考虑，我一直认为事实正好相反。A. other两者中的另一个（代词）；B. opposite相反的人或物、对立面；C. view观点，看法；D. contrast差异，对比。根据上文“When I first read this line by England's Poet Laureate, it 　　1　　 me. (我第一次读到英国桂冠诗人的这句话时，我很惊讶。)”可知，作者惊讶的原因是，这句话和作者认为的事实正好相反。故选B。
33. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但他那严肃的保证却引人注目。A. arresting醒目的；引人注意的；B. amazing惊人的，了不起的；C. interesting有趣的；D. disturbing令人不安的。根据“I was deeply attracted by it.(我被它深深吸引了)”可知，他那严肃的保证引人注目，是作者被深深吸引。故选A。
34. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：慢慢地，我似乎领会了他的意思，意识到幸福所带来的智慧在于清晰的洞察力，不为焦虑所笼罩，不为绝望和厌倦所蒙蔽，也没有因恐惧而产生的盲点。A. handle处理，应付；B. observe观察；C. appreciate感激；D. seize领悟，理解。根据“and realized the wisdom that happiness makes possible lies in clear perception(洞察力)(意识到幸福所带来的智慧在于清晰的洞察力)”可知，作者慢慢领悟到幸福所带来的智慧在于清晰的洞察力。故选D。
35. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：慢慢地，我似乎领会了他的意思，意识到幸福所带来的智慧在于清晰的洞察力，不为焦虑所笼罩，不为绝望和厌倦所蒙蔽，也没有因恐惧而产生的盲点。A. iced杀死；结冰；B. clouded破坏，给……蒙上阴影；C. rained下雨；D. snowed下雪。根据“and realized the wisdom that happiness makes possible lies in clear perception(洞察力)(意识到幸福所带来的智慧在于清晰的洞察力)”可知，幸福所带来的智慧在于清晰的洞察力，不为焦虑所笼罩。故选B。
36. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：慢慢地，我似乎领会了他的意思，意识到幸福所带来的智慧在于清晰的洞察力，不为焦虑所笼罩，不为绝望和厌倦所蒙蔽，也没有因恐惧而产生的盲点。A. roads道路；B. paths通道；C. spots点；斑点；D. places地方。根据“caused by fear(因恐惧而产生)”可知，幸福所带来的智慧在于清晰的洞察力，没有因恐惧而产生的盲点。故选C。
37. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：积极的快乐——不仅仅是满足或实现，往往来得突然，就像四月的阵雨或花蕾的绽放。A. fulfillment实现；满足（感）；B. sorrow悲哀；C. disappointment失望；D. entertainment娱乐，娱乐表演。根据“Active happiness---not mere satisfaction(积极的快乐——不仅仅是满足)”可知，积极的快乐不仅仅是满足或实现。故选A。
38. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后你会发现伴随它而来的是什么样的智慧。A. embraced拥抱；B. interrupted打断；中断；C. responded回答，回报；D. accompanied伴随。此处it指代上句的“Active happiness(积极的快乐)”以及根据“Amazingly, in your eyes, the grass is greener; bird songs are sweeter; the 　　9　　 of your friends are more understandable, and more forgivable. (令人惊奇的是，在你的眼里，草更绿了；鸟儿的歌声更甜美;朋友的缺点更容易理解，也更容易原谅。)”可知，你会发现伴随积极的快乐而来的智慧是在你的眼里，草更绿了；鸟儿的歌声更甜美；朋友的缺点更容易理解，也更容易原谅。故选D。
39. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：令人惊奇的是，在你的眼里，草更绿了；鸟儿的歌声更甜美；朋友的缺点更容易理解，也更容易原谅。A. brightness聪明，活泼；B. stupidity愚蠢，糊涂；C. shortcomings缺点；D. memories记忆。根据“your friends are more understandable(更容易理解)”可知，朋友的缺点更容易理解。故选C。
40. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：快乐就像一副眼镜，可以矫正你的精神视力。A. physical身体的，肉体的；B. sharp锋利的；C. spiritual精神的，心灵的；D. solid坚硬的；固体的。根据“Amazingly, in your eyes, the grass is greener; bird songs are sweeter; the 　　9　　 of your friends are more understandable, and more forgivable. (令人惊奇的是，在你的眼里，草更绿了；鸟儿的歌声更甜美；朋友的缺点更容易理解，也更容易原谅。)”可知，快乐让自己的精神更加的富足。故选C。
41. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对快乐的洞察并不局限于你周围的事物。A. insights洞察力；B. impressions印象；C. attentions 注意；D. expectations期待。根据“of happiness(对于幸福)”可知，是对快乐的洞察力并不局限于周围的事物。故选A。
42. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：高兴的时候，墙倒了。A. extended扩大，延长；B. collapsed倒塌；崩溃；C. witnessed目击，亲眼看到；D. withdrew收回。根据“Unhappy, with your thoughts focused on your emotional woes (痛苦) , your vision is cut short as though blocked by a wall.(当你不快乐时，你的思想集中在你的情感悲伤上，你的视野就像被一堵墙挡住了一样)”可知，你不快乐时，你的思想集中在你的情感悲伤上，视野就像被一堵墙挡住，当高兴的时候，墙倒了。故选B。
43. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：你脚下的土地，你周围的世界——人、思想、情感、压力——现在都融入了一个更大的场景。A. got out离开，逃脱；B. stayed on继续从事某项工作；C. kept off远离，不接触；D. fitted into适应，融入。根据“Everything around you, whether it is encouraging or frustrating, no longer seems such a big deal.(你周围的一切，无论是令人鼓舞的还是令人沮丧的，都不再显得那么重要。)”可知，当周围的一切，都融入了一个更大的场景的时候，都不再显得那么重要。故选D。
44. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每件事都有一个公平的比例。 A. proportion部分，份额；B. position位置；C. explanations解释；D. duty职责。根据“Everything around you, whether it is encouraging or frustrating, no longer seems such a big deal.(你周围的一切，无论是令人鼓舞的还是令人沮丧的，都不再显得那么重要。)”可知，你周围的一切，都不再显得那么重要，因为每件事都有一个公平的比例。故选A。
45. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是智慧的开端。A. happiness快乐；B. wisdom智慧；C. ability能力；D. life生活。根据“Everything around you, whether it is encouraging or frustrating, no longer seems such a big deal.(你周围的一切，无论是令人鼓舞的还是令人沮丧的，都不再显得那么重要。)”可知，你周围的一切，都不再显得那么重要，因为每件事都有一个公平的比例。这就是智慧的开始。故选B。
4
Why Some Brilliant Ideas Get Overlooked
In 1928, Karl Jansky, a young radio engineer at Bell Telephone Laboratories, began researching static interference. Five years later, after investigating every possibility, he published his remarkable 46 : some of the static was coming from the Milky Way.
Jansky’s theory was eye-catching enough to be published in The New York Times but scientists were 47 . Radio signals from outer space Surely they were too weak to detect. Jansky’s ideas were largely 48 for about a decade. Thankfully, he lived long enough to see his ideas blossom into field of radio astronomy.
Jansky’s story resonates with us: we all like the idea of the researcher who is so far ahead of their 49 that it takes years for the rest of the world to catch up. Gregor Mendel’s research into plant genetics is a famous example — published in 1866. It wasn’t taken seriously until 1900.
The stories of Jansky and Mendel hold out some hope to anyone who feels that the world has not quite 50 their brilliance. There is even a name for such cases by Anthony van Raan of Leiden University: “Sleeping Beauties”, scientific papers that are not referred to later for years, before finding wide 51 . (Some scholars argue that the term is sexist and prefer “delayed recognition”.)
So what is it about an idea that delays recognition One view is that brilliant ideas are overlooked when delivered by unclearly expressed messengers. Jansky and Mendel were somewhat off the scientific 52 . In 1970, the sociologist Stephen Cole published an analysis arguing that the obstacle tended to lie in the 53 of the idea itself, rather than the reputation of the scientist behind it. Ideas fell asleep for a hundred years because they were confusing.
Two scholars of the field, Eugene Garfield and Wolfgand Glanzel, have argued that such 54 of delayed recognition are so rare as to be hard to analyse. Studying papers published in 1980, they looked for articles that were barely cited (引用) for five years and found just 60 examples cited later in 450,000 cases. Unfortunately, they 55 their work in 2004.
Why, then, is this myth such an appealing one One explanation is that we all love a story of the underdog (黑马) who succeeds against 56 . Immediate and sustained success is as boring as immediate and sustained failure.
Another is that scientists themselves are fond of the thought that their ideas are 57 . In an essay on delayed recognition, Garfield notes mildly that one historian of science, Derek Price, believed one of his own papers was suffering delayed recognition.
Delayed recognition is rare. Much more 58 is for people simply to reach their prime late in life. David Galenson is an economist who studies the creative output of musicians, artists, directors and others. Galenson has found that while it is quite possible to 59 as a radical young artist, there are many examples of “old masters” whose later works are more admired than their youthful ones.
We all need to be able to hold on to the idea that the best is yet to come. But we can’t just hope what we have already produced will, one day, be recognized for its brilliance. Good things do not come to those who wait, if 60 is all they do. It is wiser to get back to work and make something better.
46. A. conclusion B. device C. invention D. paper
47. A. unreliable B. uncomfortable C. unimpressed D. unsatisfactory
48. A. criticized B. kept C. ignored D. inspected
49. A. mission B. goal C. schedule D. time
50. A. lost touch with B. had a good knowledge of
C. made good use of D. taken advantage of
51. A. attention B. platform C. space D. vision
52. A. data B. kingdom C. mainstream D. proof
53. A. content B. origin C. popularity D. presence
54. A. examples B. letters C. reports D. supporters
55. A. broke off B. paid off C. switched off D. took off
56. A. the authorities B. the odds C. the opposite D. the wrong
57. A. underappreciated B. underdeveloped C. underequipped D. underperformed
58. A. challenging B. common C. complicated D. difficult
59. A. break through B. get through C. make ends meet D. make sense
60. A. complaining B. socializing C. thinking D. waiting
【答案】
46. A 47. C 48. C 49. D 50. B 51. A 52. C 53. A 54. A 55. A 56. B 57. A 58. B 59. A 60. D
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要论述了为什么一些绝妙的想法被忽视，并用相关的例子进行说明。
46. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：五年后，在调查了各种可能性之后，他发表了他的非凡结论：一些静电来自银河系。A. conclusion结论；B. device设备；C. invention发明；D. paper论文。根据上文“Five years later, after investigating every possibility(五年后，在调查了各种可能性之后)”及下文“some of the static was coming from the Milky Way.(一些静电来自银河系)”可知，此处是他经过调查后，得出的结论。故选A。
47. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：扬斯基的理论引人注目，足以发表在《纽约时报》上，但科学家们却不为所动。A. unreliable不可靠的；B. uncomfortable不舒服的；C. unimpressed不感兴趣的；D. unsatisfactory不令人满意的。根据下文“Radio signals from outer space Surely they were too weak to detect.(来自外太空的无线电信号？当然，它们太弱了，无法察觉)”可知，此处指科学家们不感兴趣，不为所动。故选C。
48. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：扬斯基的想法在大约十年的时间里基本上被忽视了。A. criticized批评；B. kept保持；C. ignored忽视；D. inspected检查。根据下文“Thankfully, he lived long enough to see his ideas blossom into field of radio astronomy.(谢天谢地，他活得足够长，看到他的想法在射电天文学领域开花结果)”可知，扬斯基的想法在大约十年的时间里基本上被忽视了。故选C。
49. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：扬斯基的故事让我们产生了共鸣：我们都喜欢这位研究人员的想法，他远远领先于他们的时代，以至于世界上的其他人需要几年的时间才能赶上。A. mission任务；B. goal目标；C. schedule计划表；D. time时代。根据下文“that it takes years for the rest of the world to catch up.(其他人需要几年的时间才能赶上)”可知，此处指领先于他们的时代，固定短语ahead of time表示“领先时代，提前”。故选D。
50. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：杨斯基和孟德尔的故事给那些认为世界对他们的才华还不够了解的人带来了一些希望。A. lost touch with与……失去联系；B. had a good knowledge of有很好的了解；C. made good use of充分利用；D. taken advantage of利用。根据上文“Jansky’s ideas were largely 　　3　　 for about a decade.(扬斯基的想法在大约十年的时间里基本上被忽视了)”及“Gregor Mendel’s research into plant genetics is a famous example — published in 1866. It wasn’t taken seriously until 1900.(孟德尔对植物遗传学的研究就是一个著名的例子，发表于1866年。直到1900年，它才受到重视)”可知，扬斯基和孟德尔的才华在当时被世界所忽视，所以这里指给那些认为世界还没有完全了解他们的才华的人带来了一些希望。故选B。
51. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：莱顿大学Anthony van Raan甚至为这类案例起了一个名字：“睡美人”，这些科学论文在得到广泛关注之前，多年都不会被人提及。A. attention关注；B. platform平台；C. space空间；D. vision幻想。根据下文“Some scholars argue that the term is sexist and prefer “delayed recognition”.(一些学者认为这个词是性别歧视，更倾向于“延迟识别”)”可知，这些科学论文一开始没有人得到广泛关注。故选A。
52. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：扬斯基和孟德尔在某种程度上脱离了科学主流。A. data数据；B. kingdom王国；C. mainstream主流；D. proof证据。根据上文“One view is that brilliant ideas are overlooked when delivered by unclearly expressed messengers.(有一种观点认为，当表达不清楚的信使传达出绝妙的想法时，它们就会被忽视)”可知，此处指扬斯基和孟德尔在某种程度上脱离了科学主流。故选C。
53. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：1970年，社会学家斯蒂芬·科尔发表了一篇分析文章，认为障碍往往在于这个想法本身的内容，而不是背后科学家的声望。A. content内容；B. origin起源；C. popularity受欢迎；D. presence存在。根据下文“of the idea itself, rather than the reputation of the scientist behind it.(这个想法本身，而不是背后的科学家的声望)”可知，斯蒂芬·科尔发表了一篇分析文章，认为障碍往往在于这个想法本身的内容，而不是背后科学家的声望。故选A。
54. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：该领域的两位学者尤金·加菲尔德和沃尔夫冈·格兰泽尔认为，这种延迟识别的例子非常罕见，以至于很难分析。A. examples例子；B. letters信；C. reports报告；D. supporters支持者。根据下文“so rare as to be hard to analyse.”可知，此处指的是延迟识别的例子非常罕见，以至于很难分析。故选A。
55. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：不幸的是，他们在2004年中断了他们的工作。A. broke off中断；B. paid off支付；C. switched off关闭；D. took off起飞。根据上文“Unfortunately”可知，他们寻找那些在五年内几乎没有被引用的文章，然后就中断了。故选A。
56. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一种解释是，我们都喜欢弱者克服困难获得成功的故事。A. the authorities当局；B. the odds逆境；C. the opposite相反；D. the wrong错误。根据上文“One explanation is that we all love a story of the underdog (黑马) who succeeds(一种解释是，我们都喜欢弱者成功的故事)”及下文“Immediate and sustained success is as boring as immediate and sustained failure.(即时持续的成功和即时持续的失败一样无聊)”可知，我们都喜欢弱者战胜逆境的故事。故选B。
57. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一个原因是科学家们自己喜欢认为他们的想法不被重视。A. underappreciated不受重视；B. underdeveloped发展不完全；C. underequipped装备不足；D. underperformed表现不佳。根据下文“In an essay on delayed recognition, Garfield notes mildly that one historian of science, Derek Price, believed one of his own papers was suffering delayed recognition.(在一篇关于延迟认可的文章中，加菲尔德温和地指出，科学历史学家德里克·普莱斯认为他自己的一篇论文受到了延迟认可)”可知，另一个原因是科学家们自己喜欢认为他们的想法不被重视。故选A。
58. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：更常见的是，人们只是在晚年才达到巅峰。A. challenging调整性的；B. common普通的；C. complicated复杂的；D. difficult困难的。根据下文“there are many examples of “old masters” whose later works are more admired than their youthful ones.(有许多“老大师”的后期作品比他们年轻时的作品更受赞赏)”可知，更常见的是，人们只是在晚年才达到巅峰。故选B。
59. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：盖伦森发现，作为一名激进的年轻艺术家，虽然很有可能取得突破，但有很多“老大师”的后期作品比他们年轻时的作品更受赞赏。A. break through突破；B. get through度过；C. make ends meet收支平衡；D. make sense有意义。根据上文“while(虽然)”下文“as a radical young artist, there are many examples of “old masters” whose later works are more admired than their youthful ones.”可知，作为一个激进的年轻观念艺术家，虽然很有可能取得突破，但有很多“老大师”的后期作品比他们年轻时的作品更受赞赏。故选A。
60. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：好事不会降临那些等待的人身上，如果他们只会等待的话。A. complaining投诉；B. socializing社交；C. thinking思考；D. waiting等待。根据上文“Good things do not come to those who wait(好事情不会降临到那些等待的人身上)”可知，好事不会降临那些等待的人身上，如果他们只会等待的话。故选D。
5
My son “graduated” from elementary school this week. I put the word in quotations(引语)because as a rising 6th grader, he wasn’t receiving a 61 —and because the school used a 62 term to describe the milestone. On reflection, the school’s term felt even more 63 than the traditional name of the 64 of one stage of a person’s education: they called it Moving On.
At the Moving On Ceremony, each member of the 5th grade class 65 one sentence of reflection on what they were thankful for or would 66 about their primary school years. One 67 words caught my attention — he said he was 68 for what he called “a step on the ladder”. I was really 69 by this 11-year-old’s ability to summarize the emotional heart of the “moving on” moment. That was totally beyond my imagination.
Growing up is the work of a 70 — a ladder that has no top. And the gift of a “moving on” moment is that we get to celebrate the firm foothold (立足点)we’ve gained on our 71 step, even as we reach upward toward the next. We get to 72 —not beyond what we’ve learned and accomplished so far, 73 because we are able to build on today’s experiences to move ahead toward tomorrow.
We look forward to our son 74 more graduations in his lifetime. But perhaps more than that, we pray that he will have the ability to recognize many “moving on” moments to celebrate and enjoy with 75 .
61. A. prize B. letter C. degree D. gift
62. A. normal B. different C. traditional D. popular
63. A. interesting B. successful C. creative D. meaningful
64. A. end B. goal C. process D. task
65. A. translated B. learned C. shared D. completed
66. A. complain B. miss C. worry D. imagine
67. A. teacher’s B. parent’s C. cleaner’s D. student’s
68. A. responsible B. grateful C. concerned D. famous
69. A. struck B. confused C. inspired D. disappointed
70. A. moment B. month C. year D. lifetime
71. A. current B. previous C. future D. upward
72. A. work out B. calm down C. think over D. move forward
73. A. but B. though C. and D. also
74. A. holding B. preparing C. discovering D. experiencing
75. A. kindness B. gratitude C. bravery D. patience
【答案】
61. C 62. B 63. D 64. A 65. C 66. B 67. D 68. B 69. A 70. D 71. A 72. D 73. A 74. D 75. B
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者的儿子小学毕业，学校将毕业典礼称之为“继续前进”，作者分享了自己对此的感悟和对儿子的期望。
61. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我把这个词加了引号，因为作为一名即将升入六年级的学生，他没有获得学位，而且学校用另一个术语来描述这一里程碑。A. prize奖项；B. letter信；C. degree学位；D. gift礼物。根据上文“as a rising 6th grader, he wasn’t receiving a”可知，儿子是小学生，没有获得学位。故选C。
62. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我把这个词加了引号，因为作为一名即将升入六年级的学生，他没有获得学位，而且学校用另一个术语来描述这一里程碑。A. normal正常的；B. different不同的；C. traditional传统的；D. popular流行的。根据后文“they called it Moving On.”可知，他们学校用“继续前进”这个词来表达小学阶段的毕业，是一个与其他学校表示毕业不同的词语。故选B。
63. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：回想起来，这所学校的名字比一个人教育阶段结束的传统名称更有意义：他们称之为“前进”。A. interesting有趣的；B. successful成功的；C. creative创造性的；D. meaningful有意义的。根据后文“a step on the ladder”以及“Growing up is the work of a ____10____ — a ladder that has no top.”可知，作者通过仔细考虑，认为这个词意味深长，meaningful符合语境。故选D。
64. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：回想起来，这所学校的名字比一个人教育阶段结束的传统名称更有意义：他们称之为“前进”。A. end结束；B. goal目标；C. process过程；D. task任务。根据后文“they called it Moving On”可知，儿子的学校采用了一个更具意义的说法来表示孩子们的小学毕业，即他们一个教育阶段的结束。故选A。
65. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在继续前进的仪式上，五年级的每个同学都用一句话来反思他们在小学时代感激或怀念的事情。A. translated翻译；B. learned学习；C. shared分享；D. completed完成。根据后文“words caught my attention — he said he was”可知，作者被一个孩子的话吸引，可推测每个孩子应该是在毕业典礼上分享了一句话，表达各自的感激之情。故选C。
66. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在继续前进的仪式上，五年级的每个同学都用一句话来反思他们在小学时代感激或怀念的事情。A. complain投诉；B. miss错过，思念；C. worry担心；D. imagine想象。根据后文“about their primary school years”可知，学生除了表达感激之情，还表达了以后会对小学生涯的思念，故选B。
67. 考查名词所有格词义辨析。句意：一个学生的话引起了我的注意——他说他很感激他所谓的“阶梯上的一步”。A. teacher’s老师的；B. parent’s父亲或母亲的；C. cleaner’s清洁工的；D. student’s学生的。根据上文“each member of the 5th grade class”可知，此处是学生的话引起了作者的注意。故选D。
68. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个学生的话引起了我的注意——他说他很感激他所谓的“阶梯上的一步”。A. responsible负责的；B. grateful感激的；C. concerned担心的；D. famous出名的。呼应上文“on what they were thankful for”指孩子很感激“阶梯上的一步”，grateful是对上文thankful的同义词复现。故选B。
69. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我真的被这个11岁的孩子总结的这个“向前看”时刻情感核心的能力所打动。A. struck打动；B. confused困惑；C. inspired鼓舞；D. disappointed使失望。根据后文“That was totally beyond my imagination.(这完全超出了我的想象)”可知，作者被这个孩子的话打动了。故选A。
70. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：成长是一生的工作——一个没有顶部的梯子。A. moment时刻；B. month月；C. year年；D. lifetime一生。根据后文“a ladder that has no top”可知，成长是一个没有尽头的阶梯，即成长是一生的任务。故选D。
71. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“继续前进”时刻的礼物是，我们可以庆祝我们在当前的一步中获得的坚定立足点，即使我们正在向下一个迈进。A. current目前的；B. previous以前的；C. future未来的；D. upward上升的。根据后文“even as we reach upward toward the next”可知，即使当我们要到达人生的下一个阶段，“继续前进”的礼物是我们为当前阶梯所取得的稳固的立足点进行庆祝，the next对应current。故选A。
72. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们将继续前进——不是超越我们迄今所学到的和所取得的成就，而是因为我们能够在今天的经验基础上迈向明天。A. work out解决；B. calm down平静下来；C. think over仔细考虑；D. move forward前进。呼应上文“we reach upward toward the next”此处指将继续前进，故选D。
73. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：我们将继续前进——不是超越我们迄今所学到的和所取得的成就，而是因为我们能够在今天的经验基础上迈向明天。A. but但是；B. though虽然；C. and并且；D. also也。根据上文“ot beyond what we’ve learned and accomplished so far”可知此处为句型not …but…表示“不是……而是……”。故选A。
74. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们期待我们的儿子在他的一生中经历更多的毕业典礼。A. holding持有；B. preparing准备；C. discovering发现；D. experiencing经历。根据后文“more graduations in his lifetime”指希望儿子经历更多的毕业典礼。故选D。
75. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但也许更重要的是，我们祈祷他有能力认识到许多“前进”的时刻，以感激的心情庆祝和享受。A. kindness善良；B. gratitude感谢；C. bravery勇敢；D. patience耐心。呼应上文“on what they were thankful for”此处指孩子们庆祝毕业是带着感激之情的。故选B。
6
Before I started high school my parents gave me the greatest gift any teenage boy could ask for: a cell phone. I 76 that phone all summer. To me, being connected was more important than being present. So, you can imagine my 77 when I learned what my dad had 78 for my family vacation that year. “This year,” my dad said, “We are going camping!” His excitement was met with a disappointing sigh（叹气）. 79 , he wasn’t upset.
The views during the trip were amazing, but none of those mattered to me. My mind was on my phone. I remembered the first time I looked up was for something shocking—my phone had no service. My dad said that it would be 80 until we returned home. I would be 81 in the forest for four days with no way to contact the outside world. I went to bed angry that night. But something 82 when I awoke in the morning. 83 immediately burying my head in my phone, I 84 something else: my surroundings. As my dad and I walked the trails（小路），I felt the weight of tons of stress off my shoulders.
I realized being 85 to nature made me focus more on myself. I let my mind speak to me and listened to my feelings. I had been so focused on staying connected that I hadn’t been hearing my own 86 . That was 15 years ago, and I carry that 87 to this day. When I received my first work email. I 88 the reason why my dad chose a campsite with no access to technology. In a world that asks for more connectivity, the need to check up your cell phone becomes stronger. Having my own time is nearly 89 when I can be 90 at any time of day or night. So, I need to work harder.
Whenever I feel my inner self is slipping away, I follow my dad’s guidance. I pack up the tent and drive until my phone shows those two magic words: “no service”.
76. A. wished for B. applied for C. lived on D. learned from
77. A. impression B. displeasure C. impoliteness D. embarrassment
78. A. revised B. rented C. mistaken D. planned
79. A. However B. Besides C. Therefore D. Otherwise
80. A. mobile B. private C. missing D. useless
81. A. trapped B. punished C. trained D. attended
82. A. appeared B. ended C. changed D. formed
83. A. Because of B. Apart from C. Along with D. Instead of
84. A. cleaned up B. focused on C. contributed to D. showed off
85. A. close B. blind C. similar D. new
86. A. contacts B. parents C. thoughts D. sighs
87. A. dream B. lesson C. stressor D. trial
88. A. understood B. wondered C. recorded D. preferred
89. A. painful B. impossible C. unreasonable D. obvious
90. A. appreciated B. convinced C. recognized D. connected
【答案】
76. C 77. B 78. D 79. A 80. D 81. A 82. C 83. D 84. B 85. A 86. C 87. B 88. A 89. B 90. D
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述作者上高中之前一直沉迷于手机，于是作者的父亲选择了一个没有信号的地方去度假，让儿子亲近大自然，作者通过那次旅程改变了自己并一直记得父亲的教导。
76. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在我上高中以前，我的父母给了我所有青少年想要的最好的礼物：一部手机，我整个夏天都在用那个手机。A. wished for希望；B. applied for申请；C. lived on靠……过活，继续存在；D. learned from从……中学习。根据下文“To me, being connected was more important than being present.(对于我来说，保持联系比在场更重要)”可知，作者一整个夏天都在使用那部手机。故选C。
77. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，你可以想象出那年当我知道我爸爸制定的假期计划时我的不开心。A. impression印象；B. displeasure不开心；C. impoliteness不礼貌；D. embarrassment尴尬。根据下文“His excitement was met with a disappointing sigh (叹气).(他的兴奋遭遇到了一声令人失望的叹息)”可知，作者是不开心的。故选B。
78. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，你可以想象出那年当我知道我爸爸制定的假期计划时我的不开心。A. revised修改；B. rented租赁；C. mistaken搞错，误认为；D. planned计划。根据下文“‘This year,’ my dad said, ‘We are going camping!’(“今年，”我爸爸说，“我们要去野营”)”可知，这是爸爸的假期计划。故选D。
79. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，他并没有失望。A. However然而；B. Besides此外； C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据上文“His excitement was met with a disappointing sigh (叹气).(他的兴奋遭遇到了一声令人失望的叹息)”以及空格后“he wasn’t upset”可知，此处与前句形成转折。故选A。
80. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我爸爸说直到我们回家才能用。A. mobile 移动的；B. private私人的；C. missing 消失的；D. useless 没有用的。根据上文可知，手机没有信号，所以是不能用的。故选D。
81. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我将会困在这个森林里四天而没有办法联系到外面的世界。A. trapped 困住，绊住；B. punished 惩罚；C. trained 培训；D. attended 参加。根据后半句可知，作者手机没有信号没有办法联系到外面的世界，作者认为这四天是要被困在这里了。故选A。
82. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是当我早上醒来时有些事情改变了。A. appeared出现；B. ended结束；C. changed改变；D. formed形成。根据下文“.___8___ immediately burying my head in my phone, I ___9___ something else: my surroundings. As my dad and I walked the trails (小路), I felt the weight of tons of stress off my shoulders.(而不是立刻把头埋在手机里，我开始关注别的事情：周围的环境。当我和爸爸走在小路上时，我感觉到肩上的压力消失)”可知，这里指有些事情发生了变化。故选C。
83. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：而不是立刻把头埋在手机里，我开始关注别的事情：周围的环境。A. Because of因为；B. Apart from除了；C. Along with和……一起；D. Instead of而不是。根据后半句可知，作者开始关注周围的环境而不是看手机。故选D。
84. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：而不是立刻把头埋在手机里，我开始关注别的事情：周围的环境。A. cleaned up清理；B. focused on关注；C. contributed to促成；D. showed off炫耀。根据上下句可知，作者不再看埋头手机而是开始关注周围的环境。故选B。
85. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我意识到亲近大自然让我更多的关注我自己。A. close接近的；B. blind瞎的；C. similar相似的；D. new新的。根据上文“As my dad and I walked the trails (小路), I felt the weight of tons of stress off my shoulders.(当我和爸爸走在小路上时，我感觉到肩上的压力消失)”可知，这里指作者开始亲近大自然。be close to…表示“亲近，接近……”。故选A。
86. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我之前一直太关注于保持联系以至于我没能听到我自己内心的想法。A. contacts联系；B. parents父母；C. thoughts想法；D. sighs叹息。根据上文“I let my mind speak to me and listened to my feelings.(我让我的思想和我说话，倾听我的感受)”可知，这里是作者自己内心的想法。故选C。
87. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是15年前的事了，直到今天我还记得这个教训。A. dream梦想；B. lesson教训；C. stressor产生压力的事情；D. trial实验，审讯。根据上下文可知，这是作者从中吸取的教训。故选B。
88. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我收到第一份工作邮件时，我明白了我爸爸为什么选择一个没有科技设备的营地。A. understood明白；B. wondered好奇；C. recorded记录；D. preferred更喜欢。根据上下文可知，此时作者明白了爸爸的良苦用心。故选A。
89. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不管白天还是晚上，我都可以被联系到，所以我几乎不可能有自己的时间。A. painful痛苦的；B. impossible不可能的；C. unreasonable不合理的；D. obvious明显的。根据上文“In a world that asks for more connectivity, the need to check up your cell phone becomes stronger.(在这样一个需要更多联系的世界里，把手机放在一边的需求越来越强烈)”可知，在这样一个需要更多联系的世界，随时随地都会被联系到，所以不可能有自己的时间。故选B。
90. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管白天还是晚上，我都可以被联系到，所以我几乎不可能有自己的时间。A. appreciated欣赏，感激；B. convinced使信服；C. recognized意识到，辨认出；D. connected联系。根据上文“In a world that asks for more connectivity, the need to check up your cell phone becomes stronger.(在这样一个需要更多联系的世界里，把手机放在一边的需求越来越强烈)”可知，在这样一个需要更多联系的世界，随时随地都会被联系到。故选D。
7
At the age of 12, I withdrew into my bedroom with my guitar. I had neither musical talent — many 91 music lessons had proved that — nor musical training. My fingers ached as I tried to press down on the strings without making them buzz (发出嗡嗡声). 92 , I worked my way through 2-, 3- and even 5-chord (和旋) songs and discovered the 93 thrills of these musical notes. No one 94 me to do this. I did this myself and of my own free will for a week, and the sense of happiness－ true happiness 95 in absorption in something － has 96 me. Fifty years later, that week’s self-directed practice became a model and 97 for almost every meaningful thing I have done since. It makes me understand the 98 between achievement and accomplishment.
The world favors achievement while 99 accomplishment. The former is the completion of the task imposed (强加) from the outside — the 100 being a path to the next task. The latter is the end point of an activity we have chosen, whose bonus is the sudden 101 of happiness.
The seeking of accomplishment always 102 people. I learned so long ago in that 103 week that simply lifting one finger from the guitar’s C chord, you should get the most moving 104 in tune. I didn’t know then it was a major 7th chord, a favorite of some masters’. I just 105 accomplishment. That’s real human “achievement”.
91. A. added B. tailored C. expected D. failed
92. A. Besides B. Instead C. Therefore D. However
93. A. fruitless B. matchless C. effortless D. senseless
94. A. wished B. allowed C. required D. invited
95. A. masked B. rooted C. set D. stuck
96. A. waited for B. passed by C. departed from D. stayed with
97. A. exchange B. reason C. foundation D. priority
98. A. relationship B. difference C. balance D. similarity
99. A. ignoring B. avoiding C. assessing D. defending
100. A. origin B. process C. decision D. reward
101. A. lack B. need C. rush D. dream
102. A. amazes B. concerns C. frightens D. discourages
103. A. adventurous B. dangerous C. memorable D. horrible
104. A. impression B. performance C. scene D. harmony
105. A. pursued B. accepted C. interpreted D. analysed
【答案】
91. D 92. D 93. B 94. C 95. B 96. D 97. C 98. B 99. A 100. D 101. C 102. A 103. C 104. D 105. A
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者通过坚持自学一周吉他，获得了扎根于对某事的专注的真正的幸福感，这种幸福感伴随着作者并成为他此后所做的几乎每一件有意义的事情的典范和基础。
91. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我既没有音乐天赋——许多失败的音乐课证明了这一点——也没有音乐训练。A. added增加；B. tailored剪裁；C. expected期待；D. failed失败。根据“nor musical training”可知，作者在音乐课上也失败了。故选D。
92. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我尝试2和弦、3和弦甚至5和弦的歌曲时，我发现了这些音符所带来的无与伦比的刺激。A. Besides此外；B. Instead相反；C. Therefore因此；D. However然而。上文提到“当我试图按下琴弦而不让它们发出嗡嗡声时，我的手指感到疼痛。”，下文提到“当我试图按下琴弦而不让它们发出嗡嗡声时，我的手指感到疼痛。”，上下文之间为转折关系，需用副词however。故选D。
93. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. fruitless没有结果的；B. matchless无与伦比的；C. effortless毫不费力的；D. senseless毫无意义的。根据“thrills of these musical notes.”可知，作者发现了这些音符无与伦比的刺激。故选B。
94. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：没人要求我这么做。A. wished希望；B. allowed允许；C. required要求；D. invited邀请。根据“I did this myself and of my own free will for a week”可知，作者自己这样做的，没有人要求他。故选C。
95. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我自己这样做了一个星期，这是我自己的自由意志，而幸福感——扎根于对某事的专注的真正的幸福感——一直伴随着我。A. masked掩饰；B. rooted扎根于；C. set设置；D. stuck卡住。根据“Fifty years later, that week’s self-directed practice became a model and 　　7　　 for almost every meaningful thing I have done since.”可知，对某件事情的专注而获得的幸福感，一致扎根于内心深处。故选B。
96. 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. waited for等待；B. passed by经过；C. departed from离开；D. stayed with和……呆在一起。根据“Fifty years later, that week’s self-directed practice became a model”可知，幸福感——扎根于对某事的专注的真正的幸福感——一直伴随着作者。故选D。
97. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：五十年后，那个星期的自我指导实践成为了我此后所做的几乎每一件有意义的事情的典范和基础。A. exchange交换；B. reason原因；C. foundation基础；D. priority优先权。根据空后的“for almost every meaningful thing I have done since.”可知，那个星期的自我指导实践成为了作者此后所做的每件有意义的事情的基础。故选C。
98. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它让我明白了成就和成就感之间的区别。A. relationship关系；B. difference不同；C. balance平衡；D. similarity相似。根据下文“The world favors achievement while 　　9　　 accomplishment.”可知，作者通过那一周的经历理解了成就和成就感的区别。故选B。
99. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个世界偏爱成就，而忽视成就感。A. ignoring忽视；B. avoiding避免；C. assessing评估；D. defending保卫。While前后为对比关系，上文提到“这个世界偏爱成就”，此处指“忽视成就感”。故选A。
100. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：前者是完成任务后从外界加强的奖励，使通往下一个任务的途径。A. origin起源；B. process过程；C. decision决定；D. reward奖励。根据下文“The latter is the end point of an activity we have chosen, whose bonus”可知，空处和bonus意思接近，reward（奖励）符合语境。故选D。
101. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：后者是我们选择的活动的终点，其奖励是突如其来的幸福感。A. lack缺乏；B. need需要；C. rush冲；D. dream梦想。根据上文“I did this myself and of my own free will for a week, and the sense of happiness－ true happiness 　　5　　 in absorption in something”可知，此处指成就感是指突然迸发的幸福感。故选C。
102. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对成就感的追求总是让人惊讶。A. amazes使惊讶；B. concerns担心；C. frightens使害怕；D. discourages使泄气。根据上文“Fifty years later, that week’s self-directed practice became a model”可知，作者认为根据之前那一周自学吉他后获得的幸福感，了解到对成就感的追求让人感到惊讶。故选A。
103. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很久以前，在那难忘的一周里，我明白了只要从吉他的C弦上抬起一个手指，你就能得到最动人的和声。A. adventurous冒险的；B. dangerous危险的；C. memorable难忘的；D. horrible可怕的。根据上文“Fifty years later, that week’s self-directed practice became a model and 　　7　　 for almost every meaningful thing I have done since.”可知，那是令人难忘的一周。故选C。
104. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. impression印象；B. performance表演；C. scene场景；D. harmony和谐。根据常识和上文“simply lifting one finger from the guitar’s C chord”可知，在那难忘的一周里，作者明白了只要从吉他的C弦上抬起一个手指，就能得到最动人的和声。故选D。
105. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我只是追求了成就感。A. pursued追求；B. accepted接受；C. interpreted解释；D. analysed分析。根据上文“The seeking of accomplishment always 　　12　　 people.”可知，作者认为自己只是在追求成就感。故选A。
8
One day, my 12-year-old daughter participated in a school poetry reading event. All her classmates were invited to write a “lie poem” about how 106 they were and read them aloud. They were supposed to 107 untruths about themselves that made them sound 108 wonderful. As I listened to the poems, I realized that the children were actually 109 the picture of their future. By “lying” to themselves, they were creating a 110 of who they wanted to be in the future.
I couldn’t help admiring the school for 111 the children to dream big in such a special way, even if it might not be the first intention. In fact, most of us are 112 to see the truth of who we could be. My daughter’s school developed an unintended 113 to that difficulty: If it’s hard for you to imagine the 114 in yourself, then you might want to begin by expressing it as a 115 , as did the children who wrote the poems.
Think up some stories about who you would like to be. In due course, this 116 exercise would help you build the necessary blueprint for 117 your achievements. Without a picture of your 118 self, you can’t live into that self. So 119 it till you make it. The lie will become the 120 in the end.
106. A. rich B. busy C. smart D. great
107. A. point out B. hold back C. make up D. rely on
108. A. unconsciously B. unbelievably C. unacceptably D. unreasonably
109. A. reflecting B. restoring C. admiring D. clarifying
110. A. sample B. principle C. message D. vision
111. A. forcing B. requesting C. motivating D. warning
112. A. unable B. anxious C. nervous D. unwilling
113. A. excuse B. balance C. solution D. connection
114. A. interest B. courage C. expectation D. potential
115. A. fortune B. fantasy C. benefit D. reference
116. A. healthy B. formal C. constant D. creative
117. A. ensuring B. informing C. stretching D. measuring
118. A. bravest B. biggest C. happiest D. highest
119. A. pretend B. forget C. hide D. stop
120. A. prospect B. reality C. memory D. outlook
【答案】
106. D 107. C 108. B 109. D 110. D 111. C 112. A 113. C 114. D 115. B 116. D 117. C 118. D 119. A 120. B
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文是一篇讲述如何通过“说谎”实现梦想的文章。作者在女儿参加学校诗歌朗诵活动时发现，孩子们通过对自己进行不真实的描述，描绘出自己未来的形象。通过这种方式，我们能逐渐实现我们的目标。最终，这个“谎言”将成为现实。
106. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她邀请所有的同学写一首关于他们有多伟大的“谎言诗”，并大声朗读。A. rich富有的；B. busy忙的；C. smart聪明的；D. great伟大的。根据句中“lie poem”和下文“They were supposed to ____2____ untruths about themselves that made them sound ____3____ wonderful”可推知，同学们受邀创作把自己描写得很伟大的一些“谎言诗”。故选D。
107. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们要编造一些关于自己的谎言，让自己听起来令人难以置信地好。A. point out指出；B. hold back阻碍；C. make up编造；D. rely on依靠。根据句中“untruths about themselves”可知，既然是不真实的谎言，那肯定是编造出来的。故选C。
108. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们要编造一些关于自己的谎言，让自己听起来令人难以置信地好。A. unconsciously无意识地；B. unbelievably令人难以置信地；C. unacceptably不能接受地；D. unreasonably不合理地。根据上文“They were supposed to ____2____ untruths about themselves”可知，同学们被邀请写一些谎言，让自己听起来令人难以置信地好。故选B。
109. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我听诗的时候，我意识到孩子们实际上是在阐明他们未来的图景。A. reflecting反射；B. restoring恢复；C. admiring欣赏；D. clarifying阐明。根据下文“they were creating a____5____of who they wanted to be in the future.”可知，同学们通过写诗来描述或阐明自己的将来。故选D。
110. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过“欺骗”自己，他们创造了自己未来想成为的样子。A. sample样本；B. principle原则；C. message信息 ；D. vision幻想，想象。根据上文“the picture of their future”和句中“who they wanted to be in the future”可知，他们通过写诗来想象自己以后的样子，这是他们创造的自己未来的幻想。故选D。
111. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不禁钦佩学校以这种特殊的方式激发孩子们的远大梦想，即使这可能不是最初的意图。A. forcing强迫；B. requesting要求；C. motivating激励；D. warning警告。根据06.完形填空之夹叙夹议
【题型总览】
　夹叙夹议文是高考完形填空中最有难度的体裁, 所选文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强, 一般有以下两种结构特点:
　　1. 先叙述作者亲历或所见所闻的一件事情, 然后针对这件事情发表自己的看法, 或揭示生活的真理。
　　2. 先提出一种观点或看法, 然后用事例说明, 最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。
　　在做这类文章时, 抓住作者的观点或作者阐述的生活哲理是关键, 因为作者叙述所发生的事例是为作者要表达的思想服务的, 考点设置也是围绕这一主题的。
【突破策略】
【策略1】活用逻辑析答案
虽然高考完形填空越来越淡化对语法的考查, 但是一个语意连贯的语篇必须通过省略、指代、原因等语法关联手段来实现, 命题人常利用这些关联制造语境, 设置考点。所以说, 把逻辑关系活用好, 答案就会板上钉钉。
【真题示例】(2023 全国甲卷 完形填空节选)
　　Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer. The first time we　41　 there, we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike making its way down the hill toward us.
A. waited　　　 B. met
C. camped D. stayed
【答题思路】根据前文“I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer”可知, 作者在当地买了房子, 所以there就是指代房子, 因此, 正常逻辑推理是:第一次住在那里的时候, 我们听到了一辆摩托车从山上向我们开过来的突突声。故选D项。
【策略2】背景知识析答案
完形填空的语篇中渗透着文化、科学、民俗等方面的知识, 有些选项的设置也与此有关。在做题时, 积极运用相关背景知识, 将会“事半功倍”找到答案。
【真题示例】(2023 全国乙卷 完形填空节选)
　　By 　55　 the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so.
A. clarifying　　　 B. defending
C. winning D. demanding
【答题思路】背景知识: the Olympic all-around(奥运全能)是指好几项比赛, 只有拥有多样才能和高超的技术的运动员才能赢得奥运会全能冠军。这也验证了后半句she became the first black woman to do so(她成为第一位获得这一殊荣的黑人女性)。故选C项。
【策略3】平行结构现答案
平行结构指结构形式相同, 内容语法一致的句子或词组排列的语言现象。高考命题者常利用其特点来设空。因此, 掌握这一结构将会大大提高做题效率。
【真题示例】 (2023 全国乙卷 完形填空节选)
　　To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she　41　best. She had to　42　her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say　43　to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to ride waves on her board.
41. A. tried　　　　 B. thought
C. judged D. knew
42. A. take up B. pack up
C. clean up D. do up
43. A. goodbye B. hello
C. thanks D. no
【答题思路】41, 42和43这三个设空处所在句子是平行结构, 把这三个句子整体阅读分析可知:为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军, Gabby Douglas不得不放弃她最熟悉的一切。她不得不整理好她在弗吉尼亚州的卧室。她不得不和她的两只狗以及她喜欢在冲浪板上冲浪的海滩说再见。故选D、B、A项。
【策略4】同义复现现答案
同义复现不是原词复现, 但它和原词复现的功能是异曲同工的。同义复现是通过原词的同源词、同根词或相近意义的词来表达句意。只要掌握了这一技法, 就能迅速且准确地发现答案。
【真题示例】(2023·浙江1月卷·完形填空节选)
　　The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest. I was on my way to witness a unique honey harvest. Here, in south-east Ethiopia, hand-carved beehives(蜂箱)are placed in the 　42　.
A. courtyards B. fields
C. treetops D. caves
【答题思路】
句意:在埃塞俄比亚东南部, 手工制作的蜂箱被放在树顶。根据下文“higher up the tree trunk. ”和选项C. treetops 构成同义复现, 故选C项。
【题型精练】
1
My phone was an extension of myself. I couldn’t go anywhere 1 it. I scrolled through my friends’ 2 into late night and turned my phone on before my eyes were fully open. I enjoyed having it until that day when I realized that what had started as a useful tool had turned into a(n) 3 . So, I made a 4 decision to turn off that smartphone and 5 my old dumb phone out of hiding.
When I was watching TV shows or movies and there was a boring part, I 6 picking up the phone and checking out “what everyone else was doing.” Now I had to pay attention or find a way to 7 myself with my thoughts instead. When I visited New York City, I had to write out 8 and ask people where an intersection (十字路口) was 9 pulling out my phone.
I have welcomed silence into my life with open arms and am enjoying the increased 10 from not constantly having to fight with the 11 to check my phone while I’m trying to get something done. I am allowing my thoughts to speak to me instead of my phone. I am connecting with others in a 12 way that isn’t all about me. Instead of always posting about what’s going on in my 13 perfect life, I am connecting with my friends one-on-one, talking about the reality of our lives and being there for them from a place of 14 .
As much as having a smartphone was 15 , not having one is freeing on a much bigger level.
1. A. through B. without C. despite D. upon
2. A. updates B. instructions C. assessments D. decisions
3. A. symbol B. responsibility C. reality D. addiction
4. A. conscious B. shameful C. foolish D. random
5. A. sell B. pull C. throw D. mind
6. A. avoided B. denied C. missed D. allowed
7. A. assist B. improve C. associate D. occupy
8. A. requests B. thoughts C. directions D. comments
9. A. instead of B. regardless of C. but for D. apart from
10. A. creativity B. productivity C. knowledge D. independence
11. A. routine B. necessity C. loneliness D. temptation
12. A. genuine B. grateful C. direct D. desperate
13. A. naturally B. certainly C. seemingly D. gradually
14. A. wonder B. imagination C. interest D. authenticity
15. A. depressive B. comfortable C. stressful D. boring
2
Over the past few decades, technology has profoundly transformed the way we live and work. The digital revolution has brought about 16 changes to industries, economies, and societies worldwide. As we continue to navigate this rapidly changing landscape, it is crucial to understand the 17 impact of technology on various aspects of our lives.
In the realm of employment, automation and artificial intelligence (AI) are reshaping job markets. Routine tasks that were once carried out by humans are now 18 by machines with remarkable efficiency. While this automation has increased productivity and reduced errors, it has also 19 concerns about job displacement and the need for upskilling.
The education sector has not been immune to technological advancements either. Online learning platforms and digital resources have 20 traditional classroom settings. This shift offers flexibility in learning, but it also requires learners to possess strong 21 skills to navigate digital environments effectively.
Communication has been revolutionized by technology as well. Social media platforms enable instantaneous global 22 , connecting people across borders. However, the rapid spread of information in the digital age has 23 challenges related to misinformation and privacy breaches.
Healthcare has witnessed the integration of technology through telemedicine and remote monitoring. While these innovations improve access to medical services, they also raise questions about the 24 of personal health data and the potential loss of the human touch in patient care.
In the realm of creativity, technology has opened new avenues for artistic expression. Digital art, virtual reality experiences, and interactive storytelling have 25 boundaries in the creative world. However, concerns linger about the 26 of originality and the potential loss of tangible artistic experiences.
The environment benefits from technology through innovations in renewable energy and resource management. Yet, the 27 footprint of electronic devices and the challenge of electronic waste management underscore the 28 implications of the digital revolution.
In conclusion, technology’s far-reaching influence touches every aspect of our lives. Its 29 can be both empowering and concerning. To navigate this complex landscape, individuals, businesses, and policymakers must work together to harness the potential of technology while addressing its 30 challenges.
16. A. incremental B. revolutionary C. gradual D. minimal
17. A. profound B. superficial C. theoretical D. casual
18. A. substituted B. enhanced C. abandoned D. detected
19. A. suppressed B. triggered C. alleviated D. sparked
20. A. surpassed B. preserved C. substituted D. revived
21. A. digital B. analytical C. cognitive D. interpersonal
22. A. correspondence B. connectivity C. isolation D. suspension
23. A. solved B. raised C. suppressed D. established
24. A. protection B. vulnerability C. anticipation D. interpretation
25. A. extended B. imposed C. enforced D. dissolved
26. A. preservation B. authenticity C. distortion D. manipulation
27. A. insignificant B. extensive C. marginal D. deliberate
28. A. beneficial B. detrimental C. ambiguous D. prevalent
29. A. implications B. consequences C. limitations D. requirements
30. A. promising B. potential C. evident D. underlying
3
The days that make us happy make us wise.
--- John Masefield
When I first read this line by England's Poet Laureate, it 31 me. What did Masefield mean Without thinking about it much, I had always assumed that the 32 was true. But his serious assurance was 33 . I was deeply attracted by it.
Slowly, I seemed to 34 his meaning and realized the wisdom that happiness makes possible lies in clear perception(洞察力), not 35 by anxiety nor dimmed by despair and boredom, and without the blind 36 caused by fear.
Active happiness---not mere satisfaction or 37 ---often comes suddenly, like an April shower or the unfolding of a bud. Then you discover what kind of wisdom has 38 it. Amazingly, in your eyes, the grass is greener; bird songs are sweeter; the 39 of your friends are more understandable, and more forgivable. Happiness is like a pair of eyeglasses correcting your 40 vision.
Nor are the 41 of happiness limited to what is near around you. Unhappy, with your thoughts focused on your emotional woes (痛苦) , your vision is cut short as though blocked by a wall. Happy, the wall 42 .
Consequently, the long vision is there for the seeing. The ground at your feet, the world about you---people, thoughts, emotions, pressures---are now 43 a larger scene. Everything covers a fairer 44 . Everything around you, whether it is encouraging or frustrating, no longer seems such a big deal. And here is the beginning of 45 .
31. A. terrified B. satisfied C. surprised D. upset
32. A. other B. opposite C. view D. contrast
33. A. arresting B. amazing C. interesting D. disturbing
34. A. handle B. observe C. appreciate D. seize
35. A. iced B. clouded C. rained D. snowed
36. A. roads B. paths C. spots D. places
37. A. fulfillment B. sorrow C. disappointment D. entertainment
38. A. embraced B. interrupted C. responded D. accompanied
39. A. brightness B. stupidity C. shortcomings D. memories
40. A. physical B. sharp C. spiritual D. solid
41. A. insights B. impressions C. attentions D. expectations
42. A. extended B. collapsed C. witnessed D. withdrew
43. A. got out B. stayed on C. kept off D. fitted into
44. A. proportion B. position C. explanations D. duty
45. A. happiness B. wisdom C. ability D. life
4
Why Some Brilliant Ideas Get Overlooked
In 1928, Karl Jansky, a young radio engineer at Bell Telephone Laboratories, began researching static interference. Five years later, after investigating every possibility, he published his remarkable 46 : some of the static was coming from the Milky Way.
Jansky’s theory was eye-catching enough to be published in The New York Times but scientists were 47 . Radio signals from outer space Surely they were too weak to detect. Jansky’s ideas were largely 48 for about a decade. Thankfully, he lived long enough to see his ideas blossom into field of radio astronomy.
Jansky’s story resonates with us: we all like the idea of the researcher who is so far ahead of their 49 that it takes years for the rest of the world to catch up. Gregor Mendel’s research into plant genetics is a famous example — published in 1866. It wasn’t taken seriously until 1900.
The stories of Jansky and Mendel hold out some hope to anyone who feels that the world has not quite 50 their brilliance. There is even a name for such cases by Anthony van Raan of Leiden University: “Sleeping Beauties”, scientific papers that are not referred to later for years, before finding wide 51 . (Some scholars argue that the term is sexist and prefer “delayed recognition”.)
So what is it about an idea that delays recognition One view is that brilliant ideas are overlooked when delivered by unclearly expressed messengers. Jansky and Mendel were somewhat off the scientific 52 . In 1970, the sociologist Stephen Cole published an analysis arguing that the obstacle tended to lie in the 53 of the idea itself, rather than the reputation of the scientist behind it. Ideas fell asleep for a hundred years because they were confusing.
Two scholars of the field, Eugene Garfield and Wolfgand Glanzel, have argued that such 54 of delayed recognition are so rare as to be hard to analyse. Studying papers published in 1980, they looked for articles that were barely cited (引用) for five years and found just 60 examples cited later in 450,000 cases. Unfortunately, they 55 their work in 2004.
Why, then, is this myth such an appealing one One explanation is that we all love a story of the underdog (黑马) who succeeds against 56 . Immediate and sustained success is as boring as immediate and sustained failure.
Another is that scientists themselves are fond of the thought that their ideas are 57 . In an essay on delayed recognition, Garfield notes mildly that one historian of science, Derek Price, believed one of his own papers was suffering delayed recognition.
Delayed recognition is rare. Much more 58 is for people simply to reach their prime late in life. David Galenson is an economist who studies the creative output of musicians, artists, directors and others. Galenson has found that while it is quite possible to 59 as a radical young artist, there are many examples of “old masters” whose later works are more admired than their youthful ones.
We all need to be able to hold on to the idea that the best is yet to come. But we can’t just hope what we have already produced will, one day, be recognized for its brilliance. Good things do not come to those who wait, if 60 is all they do. It is wiser to get back to work and make something better.
46. A. conclusion B. device C. invention D. paper
47. A. unreliable B. uncomfortable C. unimpressed D. unsatisfactory
48. A. criticized B. kept C. ignored D. inspected
49. A. mission B. goal C. schedule D. time
50. A. lost touch with B. had a good knowledge of
C. made good use of D. taken advantage of
51. A. attention B. platform C. space D. vision
52. A. data B. kingdom C. mainstream D. proof
53. A. content B. origin C. popularity D. presence
54. A. examples B. letters C. reports D. supporters
55. A. broke off B. paid off C. switched off D. took off
56. A. the authorities B. the odds C. the opposite D. the wrong
57. A. underappreciated B. underdeveloped C. underequipped D. underperformed
58. A. challenging B. common C. complicated D. difficult
59. A. break through B. get through C. make ends meet D. make sense
60. A. complaining B. socializing C. thinking D. waiting
5
My son “graduated” from elementary school this week. I put the word in quotations(引语)because as a rising 6th grader, he wasn’t receiving a 61 —and because the school used a 62 term to describe the milestone. On reflection, the school’s term felt even more 63 than the traditional name of the 64 of one stage of a person’s education: they called it Moving On.
At the Moving On Ceremony, each member of the 5th grade class 65 one sentence of reflection on what they were thankful for or would 66 about their primary school years. One 67 words caught my attention — he said he was 68 for what he called “a step on the ladder”. I was really 69 by this 11-year-old’s ability to summarize the emotional heart of the “moving on” moment. That was totally beyond my imagination.
Growing up is the work of a 70 — a ladder that has no top. And the gift of a “moving on” moment is that we get to celebrate the firm foothold (立足点)we’ve gained on our 71 step, even as we reach upward toward the next. We get to 72 —not beyond what we’ve learned and accomplished so far, 73 because we are able to build on today’s experiences to move ahead toward tomorrow.
We look forward to our son 74 more graduations in his lifetime. But perhaps more than that, we pray that he will have the ability to recognize many “moving on” moments to celebrate and enjoy with 75 .
61. A. prize B. letter C. degree D. gift
62. A. normal B. different C. traditional D. popular
63. A. interesting B. successful C. creative D. meaningful
64. A. end B. goal C. process D. task
65. A. translated B. learned C. shared D. completed
66. A. complain B. miss C. worry D. imagine
67. A. teacher’s B. parent’s C. cleaner’s D. student’s
68. A. responsible B. grateful C. concerned D. famous
69. A. struck B. confused C. inspired D. disappointed
70. A. moment B. month C. year D. lifetime
71. A. current B. previous C. future D. upward
72. A. work out B. calm down C. think over D. move forward
73. A. but B. though C. and D. also
74. A. holding B. preparing C. discovering D. experiencing
75. A. kindness B. gratitude C. bravery D. patience
6
Before I started high school my parents gave me the greatest gift any teenage boy could ask for: a cell phone. I 76 that phone all summer. To me, being connected was more important than being present. So, you can imagine my 77 when I learned what my dad had 78 for my family vacation that year. “This year,” my dad said, “We are going camping!” His excitement was met with a disappointing sigh（叹气）. 79 , he wasn’t upset.
The views during the trip were amazing, but none of those mattered to me. My mind was on my phone. I remembered the first time I looked up was for something shocking—my phone had no service. My dad said that it would be 80 until we returned home. I would be 81 in the forest for four days with no way to contact the outside world. I went to bed angry that night. But something 82 when I awoke in the morning. 83 immediately burying my head in my phone, I 84 something else: my surroundings. As my dad and I walked the trails（小路），I felt the weight of tons of stress off my shoulders.
I realized being 85 to nature made me focus more on myself. I let my mind speak to me and listened to my feelings. I had been so focused on staying connected that I hadn’t been hearing my own 86 . That was 15 years ago, and I carry that 87 to this day. When I received my first work email. I 88 the reason why my dad chose a campsite with no access to technology. In a world that asks for more connectivity, the need to check up your cell phone becomes stronger. Having my own time is nearly 89 when I can be 90 at any time of day or night. So, I need to work harder.
Whenever I feel my inner self is slipping away, I follow my dad’s guidance. I pack up the tent and drive until my phone shows those two magic words: “no service”.
76. A. wished for B. applied for C. lived on D. learned from
77. A. impression B. displeasure C. impoliteness D. embarrassment
78. A. revised B. rented C. mistaken D. planned
79. A. However B. Besides C. Therefore D. Otherwise
80. A. mobile B. private C. missing D. useless
81. A. trapped B. punished C. trained D. attended
82. A. appeared B. ended C. changed D. formed
83. A. Because of B. Apart from C. Along with D. Instead of
84. A. cleaned up B. focused on C. contributed to D. showed off
85. A. close B. blind C. similar D. new
86. A. contacts B. parents C. thoughts D. sighs
87. A. dream B. lesson C. stressor D. trial
88. A. understood B. wondered C. recorded D. preferred
89. A. painful B. impossible C. unreasonable D. obvious
90. A. appreciated B. convinced C. recognized D. connected
7
At the age of 12, I withdrew into my bedroom with my guitar. I had neither musical talent — many 91 music lessons had proved that — nor musical training. My fingers ached as I tried to press down on the strings without making them buzz (发出嗡嗡声). 92 , I worked my way through 2-, 3- and even 5-chord (和旋) songs and discovered the 93 thrills of these musical notes. No one 94 me to do this. I did this myself and of my own free will for a week, and the sense of happiness－ true happiness 95 in absorption in something － has 96 me. Fifty years later, that week’s self-directed practice became a model and 97 for almost every meaningful thing I have done since. It makes me understand the 98 between achievement and accomplishment.
The world favors achievement while 99 accomplishment. The former is the completion of the task imposed (强加) from the outside — the 100 being a path to the next task. The latter is the end point of an activity we have chosen, whose bonus is the sudden 101 of happiness.
The seeking of accomplishment always 102 people. I learned so long ago in that 103 week that simply lifting one finger from the guitar’s C chord, you should get the most moving 104 in tune. I didn’t know then it was a major 7th chord, a favorite of some masters’. I just 105 accomplishment. That’s real human “achievement”.
91. A. added B. tailored C. expected D. failed
92. A. Besides B. Instead C. Therefore D. However
93. A. fruitless B. matchless C. effortless D. senseless
94. A. wished B. allowed C. required D. invited
95. A. masked B. rooted C. set D. stuck
96. A. waited for B. passed by C. departed from D. stayed with
97. A. exchange B. reason C. foundation D. priority
98. A. relationship B. difference C. balance D. similarity
99. A. ignoring B. avoiding C. assessing D. defending
100. A. origin B. process C. decision D. reward
101. A. lack B. need C. rush D. dream
102. A. amazes B. concerns C. frightens D. discourages
103. A. adventurous B. dangerous C. memorable D. horrible
104. A. impression B. performance C. scene D. harmony
105. A. pursued B. accepted C. interpreted D. analysed
8
One day, my 12-year-old daughter participated in a school poetry reading event. All her classmates were invited to write a “lie poem” about how 106 they were and read them aloud. They were supposed to 107 untruths about themselves that made them sound 108 wonderful. As I listened to the poems, I realized that the children were actually 109 the picture of their future. By “lying” to themselves, they were creating a 110 of who they wanted to be in the future.
I couldn’t help admiring the school for 111 the children to dream big in such a special way, even if it might not be the first intention. In fact, most of us are 112 to see the truth of who we could be. My daughter’s school developed an unintended 113 to that difficulty: If it’s hard for you to imagine the 114 in yourself, then you might want to begin by expressing it as a 115 , as did the children who wrote the poems.
Think up some stories about who you would like to be. In due course, this 116 exercise would help you build the necessary blueprint for 117 your achievements. Without a picture of your 118 self, you can’t live into that self. So 119 it till you make it. The lie will become the 120 in the end.
106. A. rich B. busy C. smart D. great
107. A. point out B. hold back C. make up D. rely on
108. A. unconsciously B. unbelievably C. unacceptably D. unreasonably
109. A. reflecting B. restoring C. admiring D. clarifying
110. A. sample B. principle C. message D. vision
111. A. forcing B. requesting C. motivating D. warning
112. A. unable B. anxious C. nervous D. unwilling
113. A. excuse B. balance C. solution D. connection
114. A. interest B. courage C. expectation D. potential
115. A. fortune B. fantasy C. benefit D. reference
116. A. healthy B. formal C. constant D. creative
117. A. ensuring B. informing C. stretching D. measuring
118. A. bravest B. biggest C. happiest D. highest
119. A. pretend B. forget C. hide D. stop
120. A. prospect B. reality C. memory D. outlook

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