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人教版2019高中英语选择性必修二Unit 1 Science and Scientists重难点提升
一、单词拼写
1. Marie Curie made great c__________ (贡献) to the field of radioactivity.
2. The scientist's r__________ (研究) focused on finding a cure for the rare disease.
3. We should e__________ (评估) the potential risks before starting the project.
4. The new t__________ (理论) challenges the traditional views in this area.
5. The a__________ (分析) of the data shows that our hypothesis is correct.
6. The experiment was a great s__________ (成功), achieving all the expected results.
7. It's important to have a c__________ (好奇心) about the world around us.
8. We need to p__________ (促进) scientific research to improve people's lives.
9. The scientist used advanced t__________ (技术) to conduct the experiment.
10. His d__________ (发现) of a new element surprised the whole scientific community.
二、词性转换
1. contribute（名词）__________
2. research（复数）__________
3. evaluate（名词）__________
4. theory（复数）__________
5. analyze（名词）__________
6. succeed（名词）__________
7. curious（名词）__________
8. promote（名词）__________
9. technique（形容词）__________
10. discover（名词）__________
三、选词填空（从方框中选择合适的词并用其适当形式填空）
| contribute, research, evaluate, theory, analyze, succeed, curious, promote, technique, discover |
|---|
1. The scientists are doing __________ on the effects of climate change on wildlife.
2. His hard work and determination led to his __________ in the experiment.
3. We should __________ different options before making a decision.
4. Many scientists have made important __________ that have changed the world.
5. The new teaching __________ has improved students' learning efficiency.
6. We should encourage students to be __________ and explore new things.
7. Everyone can __________ to protecting the environment.
8. According to this __________, the universe is expanding.
9. The experts are __________ the cause of the accident to prevent similar ones in the future.
10. The government is taking measures to __________ the development of the high - tech industry.
四、阅读理解
A
Isaac Newton is one of the most famous scientists in history. He made significant contributions to many fields, including physics, mathematics, and astronomy. Newton's laws of motion are fundamental to understanding how objects move. His first law states that an object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an external force.
Newton also made important discoveries in the field of optics. He conducted experiments with prisms and found that white light is made up of a spectrum of colors. This discovery had a great impact on the development of modern optics.
In addition to his scientific achievements, Newton was also a brilliant mathematician. He developed the mathematical method of calculus, which is widely used in many scientific and engineering fields today.
1. What did Isaac Newton contribute to
A. Only physics.
B. Physics, mathematics, and astronomy.
C. Only mathematics.
D. Only astronomy.
2. What does Newton's first law of motion state
A. An object at rest will move by itself.
B. An object in motion will stop without any force.
C. An object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an external force.
D. All objects will move in a straight line.
3. What did Newton discover in the field of optics
A. That black light exists.
B. That white light is made up of a spectrum of colors.
C. That prisms can create light.
D. That light travels in curves.
4. What is calculus
A. A type of chemical.
B. A mathematical method developed by Newton.
C. A tool for conducting experiments.
D. A law of motion.
5. What can we learn from Newton's achievements
A. That science is not important.
B. That one person can't make a difference in science.
C. That hard work and curiosity can lead to great scientific achievements.
D. That only mathematicians can be great scientists.
B
Rosalind Franklin was a British chemist whose work was crucial for the discovery of the structure of DNA. She used X - ray crystallography to study the structure of DNA molecules. Her images of DNA provided important clues about its double - helix structure.
However, Franklin's contributions were not fully recognized during her lifetime. Her work was used by other scientists, James Watson and Francis Crick, to build their model of the DNA structure. Watson and Crick received the Nobel Prize for their discovery, but Franklin was not included, as the Nobel Committee does not award posthumous prizes.
Despite this, Franklin's work is now widely acknowledged as a key part of the discovery of the DNA structure. Her research methods and findings have had a lasting impact on the fields of genetics and molecular biology.
6. What was Rosalind Franklin's profession
A. A biologist.
B. A chemist.
C. A physicist.
D. A mathematician.
7. What method did Franklin use to study DNA
A. Chemical reactions.
B. X - ray crystallography.
C. Microscopic observation.
D. Computer simulation.
8. What did Franklin's images of DNA show
A. The chemical components of DNA.
B. The double - helix structure of DNA.
C. The function of DNA.
D. The origin of DNA.
9. Why wasn't Franklin included in the Nobel Prize for the discovery of the DNA structure
A. Because her work was not important.
B. Because she didn't want to receive the prize.
C. Because the Nobel Committee does not award posthumous prizes.
D. Because she made mistakes in her research.
10. What is the significance of Franklin's work
A. It had no impact on science.
B. It is only important in the field of chemistry.
C. It has had a lasting impact on genetics and molecular biology.
D. It was only useful for Watson and Crick.
五、完形填空
Science is constantly evolving, and scientists play a crucial role in this process. They are driven by 1.__________ and a desire to understand the world around them. Through their 2.__________, they make important discoveries and develop new theories.
Scientists often face many 3.__________ in their work. They need to conduct experiments carefully, 4.__________ data accurately, and evaluate the results objectively. Sometimes, their research may not go as planned, and they have to 5.__________ their methods.
Despite the challenges, the 6.__________ of science are far - reaching. New scientific discoveries can 7.__________ people's lives in many ways. For example, medical research has led to the development of new drugs and treatments, 8.__________ many lives.
Scientists also need to 9.__________ their findings with the public. This helps to raise awareness about scientific issues and encourages more people to 10.__________ in scientific research. By working together, we can make even greater progress in science and improve the world we live in.
1. A. money B. curiosity C. fame D. power
2. A. efforts B. mistakes C. failures D. problems
3. A. opportunities B. chances C. challenges D. successes
4. A. collect B. lose C. forget D. ignore
5. A. keep B. change C. repeat D. stop
6. A. effects B. causes C. reasons D. results
7. A. harm B. improve C. worsen D. make
8. A. killing B. saving C. harming D. helping
9. A. hide B. share C. steal D. borrow
10. A. participate B. avoid C. hate D. dislike
六、语法填空
Science 1.__________ (play) a vital role in modern society. Scientists 2.__________ (work) hard to make new discoveries and develop new technologies.
For example, in the field of medicine, researchers 3.__________ (search) for new ways to treat diseases. Their work involves 4.__________ (conduct) experiments, analyzing data, and evaluating results.
In physics, scientists are trying to understand the fundamental laws of the universe. They use advanced 5.__________ (technique) and equipment to conduct research.
However, scientific research is not always easy. Scientists often face challenges, such as 6.__________ (fail) in experiments or 7.__________ (misunderstand) by others. But they don't give up.
To ensure the progress of science, it's important 8.__________ (support) scientific research. Governments and society should provide sufficient funds and resources. At the same time, scientists should also 9.__________ (share) their findings with the public to promote scientific literacy.
In conclusion, science has the power 10.__________ (change) the world, and we should all encourage and support scientific development.
参考答案
一、单词拼写答案及解析
1. contributions，“贡献”，make contributions to表示“对……做出贡献”，常用复数形式。
2. research，“研究”，作主语，这里表示科学家的研究，用单数形式。
3. evaluate，“评估”，should后接动词原形，构成should do sth.结构。
4. theory，“理论”，作主语，根据语境用单数形式。
5. analysis，“分析”，作主语，根据谓语动词shows可知用单数形式。
6. success，“成功”，作表语，a great success表示“一件非常成功的事” 。
7. curiosity，“好奇心”，作宾语，have a curiosity about表示“对……有好奇心”。
8. promote，“促进”，need to后接动词原形，构成need to do sth.结构。
9. technology，“技术”，作宾语，这里表示先进技术，用单数形式。
10. discovery，“发现”，作主语，根据语境用单数形式。
二、词性转换答案及解析
1. contribution，contribute的名词形式，意为“贡献；捐款”，如make a contribution（做出贡献）。
2. researches，research作名词表示“研究；调查”时，复数形式为researches，常指多个研究项目或领域 。
3. evaluation，evaluate的名词形式，意为“评价；评估”，如performance evaluation（绩效评估）。
4. theories，theory的复数形式，以辅音字母加 -y结尾的名词，变复数时把y变为i再加 -es。
5. analysis，analyze的名词形式，意为“分析”，如data analysis（数据分析）。
6. success，succeed的名词形式，意为“成功；成功的人或事”，如achieve success（取得成功）。
7. curiosity，curious的名词形式，意为“好奇心；求知欲”，如out of curiosity（出于好奇）。
8. promotion，promote的名词形式，意为“促进；提升”，如the promotion of education（教育的促进）。
9. technical，technique的形容词形式，意为“技术的；工艺的”，如technical skills（技术技能）。
10. discovery，discover的名词形式，意为“发现；发觉”，如scientific discovery（科学发现）。
三、选词填空答案及解析
1. research，“科学家们正在研究气候变化对野生动物的影响”，do research on表示“对……进行研究”，用单数形式。
2. success，“他的努力工作和决心使他在实验中取得了成功”，lead to one's success表示“导致某人成功”，用名词success。
3. evaluate，“在做决定之前我们应该评估不同的选择”，should后接动词原形evaluate。
4. discoveries，“许多科学家做出了改变世界的重要发现”，make discoveries表示“做出发现”，用复数形式。
5. technique，“新的教学方法提高了学生的学习效率”，teaching technique表示“教学方法”，用单数形式。
6. curious，“我们应该鼓励学生有好奇心并探索新事物”，be curious表示“有好奇心”，用形容词curious。
7. contribute，“每个人都可以为保护环境做出贡献”，can后接动词原形，contribute to表示“为……做贡献”。
8. theory，“根据这个理论，宇宙正在膨胀”，根据语境用单数形式theory。
9. analyzing，“专家们正在分析事故原因以防止未来发生类似事故”，根据are可知用现在进行时，用analyze的现在分词形式analyzing。
10. promote，“政府正在采取措施促进高科技产业的发展”，to后接动词原形，构成动词不定式作目的状语，用promote。
四、阅读理解答案及解析
1. B，根据“He made significant contributions to many fields, including physics, mathematics, and astronomy.”可知，牛顿在物理、数学和天文学领域都有贡献，选B。
2. C，“His first law states that an object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an external force.”表明牛顿第一运动定律的内容，选C。
3. B，“He conducted experiments with prisms and found that white light is made up of a spectrum of colors.”说明牛顿在光学领域发现白光由多种颜色组成，选B。
4. B，“He developed the mathematical method of calculus”表明微积分是牛顿发明的一种数学方法，选B。
5. C，从牛顿的成就可以看出，努力和好奇心能带来伟大的科学成就，选C。
6. B，“Rosalind Franklin was a British chemist”表明富兰克林是化学家，选B。
7. B，“She used X - ray crystallography to study the structure of DNA molecules.”说明她用X射线晶体学研究DNA，选B。
8. B，“Her images of DNA provided important clues about its double - helix structure.”表明她的DNA图像显示了其双螺旋结构，选B。
9. C，“Watson and Crick received the Nobel Prize for their discovery, but Franklin was not included, as the Nobel Committee does not award posthumous prizes.”说明富兰克林未获诺贝尔奖是因为诺委会不颁发追授奖项，选C。
10. C，“Her research methods and findings have had a lasting impact on the fields of genetics and molecular biology.”表明她的工作对遗传学和分子生物学有持久影响，选C。
五、完形填空答案及解析
1. B，科学家受好奇心驱使，curiosity表示“好奇心”，选B。
2. A，通过他们的努力，科学家有重要发现，efforts表示“努力”，选A。
3. C，科学家在工作中常面临挑战，challenges表示“挑战”，选C。
4. A，科学家需要准确收集数据，collect表示“收集”，选A。
5. B，如果研究不顺利，他们需要改变方法，change表示“改变”，选B。
6. A，科学的影响是深远的，effects表示“影响”，选A。
7. B，新发现能改善人们的生活，improve表示“改善”，选B。
8. B，医学研究拯救了许多生命，saving表示“拯救”，选B。
9. B，科学家需要与公众分享他们的发现，share表示“分享”，选B。
10. A，鼓励更多人参与科学研究，participate表示“参与”，选A。
六、语法填空答案及解析
1. plays，“Science”是单数，文章整体时态是一般现在时，所以用plays。
2. are working，科学家一直在努力工作，用现在进行时，故填are working。
3. are searching，在医学领域，研究人员正在寻找新方法，用现在进行时，故填are searching。
4. conducting，involve后接动词 - ing形式，故填conducting。
5. techniques，“technique”是可数名词，这里用复数形式表示多种技术，故填techniques。
6. failure，such as后接名词，fail的名词形式是failure，故填failure。
7. being misunderstood，or连接两个并列成分，与“failure”并列，且scientists和misunderstand是被动关系，用动名词的被动形式，故填being misunderstood。
8. to support，“It's +形容词+ to do sth.”是固定句型，故填to support。
9. share，should后接动词原形，故填share。
10. to change，“have the power to do sth.”表示“有能力做某事”，用动词不定式，故填to change。

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