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人教版2019高中英语必修一Unit4 Natural Disasters重难点过关练
一、单词拼写
1. A big earthquake __________ (袭击) the city last year, causing great damage.
2. The flood washed away many houses and left thousands of people __________ (无家可归的).
3. We should take measures to prevent natural __________ (灾难) from causing too much harm.
4. The __________ (闪电) lit up the sky and then the thunder roared.
5. A __________ (台风) is a very powerful storm that often hits coastal areas.
6. The heavy snow __________ (掩埋) the whole village, making it hard for people to get out.
7. People in the earthquake - stricken area need a large amount of __________ (供应品) like food and water.
8. After the storm, the government sent rescue teams to search for the __________ (幸存者).
9. The __________ (飓风) brought strong winds and heavy rain, destroying many trees and buildings.
10. It's important to have an __________ (意识) of safety during natural disasters.
二、词性转换
1. strike（过去式）__________
2. homeless（名词）__________
3. disaster（复数）__________
4. lightning（形容词）__________
5. typhoon（复数）__________
6. bury（过去式）__________
7. supply（复数）__________
8. survive（名词）__________
9. hurricane（复数）__________
10. aware（名词）__________
三、选词填空（从方框中选择合适的词并用其适当形式填空）
| strike, homeless, disaster, lightning, typhoon, bury, supply, survive, hurricane, aware |
|---|
1. The __________ hit the small town, causing a lot of damage to the crops.
2. After the earthquake, many people became __________ and had to live in temporary shelters.
3. We need to store enough food and water as __________ in case of emergencies.
4. The __________ flashed across the sky, followed by loud thunder.
5. The rescue workers are still trying to find the __________ of the plane crash.
6. The villagers had to __________ their dead animals after the flood.
7. A powerful __________ is approaching the coast, and people are being evacuated.
8. We should be __________ of the potential dangers around us.
9. Natural __________ can cause great harm to human beings and the environment.
10. A huge earthquake __________ the area last week, leaving many people injured.
四、阅读理解
A
Floods are one of the most common natural disasters. They usually happen when there is heavy rain for a long time or when a river overflows its banks. Floods can cause a lot of damage to people's lives and property.
In a flood, houses can be washed away, and people may lose their belongings. Crops are also seriously affected, which can lead to food shortages. Moreover, floods can spread diseases as the water may be contaminated.
To prevent floods, people build dams and levees. Dams can store water and control the flow of rivers. Levees can stop the river from overflowing into nearby areas. Also, afforestation can help as trees can absorb water and reduce soil erosion.
1. What usually causes floods
A. Light rain for a short time.
B. Heavy rain for a long time or a river overflowing.
C. Strong winds.
D. Earthquakes.
2. What are the effects of floods
A. Houses are washed away, but crops are not affected.
B. People lose their belongings, and there may be food shortages.
C. There are no diseases spread during floods.
D. Floods only affect people's property, not their lives.
3. What can people build to prevent floods
A. Bridges and tunnels.
B. Dams and levees.
C. Skyscrapers.
D. Factories.
4. What is the function of dams
A. To store water and control the flow of rivers.
B. To stop the river from overflowing into nearby areas.
C. To absorb water and reduce soil erosion.
D. To generate electricity.
5. What role do trees play in preventing floods
A. They can make the flood water cleaner.
B. They can absorb water and reduce soil erosion.
C. They can block the flood water.
D. They can make the air fresher.
B
Earthquakes are another terrifying natural disaster. They occur when the Earth's crust suddenly moves. Earthquakes can be very destructive, especially if they are of a high magnitude.
During an earthquake, buildings may collapse, and roads can be cracked. People may be trapped under the rubble, and it can be very difficult to rescue them. Earthquakes can also trigger tsunamis in the ocean, which can cause even more damage along the coast.
To prepare for earthquakes, people can build earthquake - resistant buildings. These buildings are designed to withstand the shaking of the ground. Also, having an emergency plan at home and in schools is very important. People should know where to go and what to do during an earthquake.
6. What causes earthquakes
A. The movement of the Earth's mantle.
B. The sudden movement of the Earth's crust.
C. The eruption of volcanoes.
D. The melting of glaciers.
7. What are the possible consequences of earthquakes
A. Buildings may collapse, but roads are not affected.
B. People can easily escape from the collapsed buildings.
C. Earthquakes can trigger tsunamis.
D. Earthquakes only happen on land.
8. How can people prepare for earthquakes
A. By building tall buildings.
B. By building earthquake - resistant buildings and having an emergency plan.
C. By storing a lot of food.
D. By moving to other places.
9. What is the purpose of building earthquake - resistant buildings
A. To make the buildings look more beautiful.
B. To withstand the shaking of the ground during an earthquake.
C. To make the buildings more expensive.
D. To attract more people to live in.
10. What is the main idea of the passage
A. The causes and consequences of earthquakes and how to prepare for them.
B. The differences between earthquakes and floods.
C. The importance of having an emergency plan.
D. The destruction caused by earthquakes.
五、完形填空
A wildfire is a large, uncontrolled fire that 1.__________ in wildland areas. Wildfires can be very 2.__________. They can destroy forests, homes, and even 3.__________ people's lives.
Wildfires are often caused by 4.__________ such as lightning, but human activities can also be a factor. For example, carelessly 5.__________ campfires or throwing cigarettes can start a wildfire.
When a wildfire breaks out, firefighters work hard to 6.__________ it. They use special equipment like fire trucks and helicopters. Sometimes, they also create firebreaks, which are areas where there is no 7.__________ for the fire to burn.
8.__________ wildfires is important. We can do our part by being 9.__________ when we are in wild areas. For example, we should put out campfires completely and not throw cigarettes 10.__________.
1. A. happens B. occurs C. takes place D. breaks out
2. A. harmful B. helpful C. useful D. beneficial
3. A. save B. protect C. take D. spare
4. A. natural causes B. human activities C. animals D. plants
5. A. put out B. lit C. lighting D. putting out
6. A. prevent B. stop C. start D. make
7. A. water B. air C. fuel D. space
8. A. Preventing B. Stopping C. Starting D. Causing
9. A. careful B. careless C. brave D. afraid
10. A. everywhere B. anywhere C. nowhere D. somewhere
六、语法填空
Natural disasters 1.__________ (be) a constant threat to human beings. Earthquakes, floods, wildfires, and hurricanes can all cause great damage.
2.__________ (prevent) these disasters from causing too much harm, we need to take some measures. For example, in earthquake - prone areas, buildings should 3.__________ (build) to be earthquake - resistant. In flood - affected areas, people can build dams and levees.
We also need to raise people's 4.__________ (aware) of disaster prevention. Schools and communities can organize activities 5.__________ (teach) people what to do during a disaster.
When a natural disaster 6.__________ (occur), the government and rescue teams should act quickly. They need to provide 7.__________ (supply) to the affected people and rescue those 8.__________ are in danger.
In addition, international cooperation is also very important. Countries can share 9.__________ (they) experience and technology in disaster prevention and rescue. Only by working together 10.__________ we be able to better deal with natural disasters.
参考答案
一、单词拼写答案及解析
1. struck，“袭击”，根据last year可知用一般过去时，strike的过去式是struck。
2. homeless，“无家可归的”，leave sb. +形容词表示 “使某人处于某种状态”，homeless作宾语补足语。
3. disasters，“灾难”，natural disasters表示 “自然灾害”，常用复数形式。
4. lightning，“闪电”，不可数名词，在句中作主语。
5. typhoon，“台风”，a修饰可数名词单数，typhoon用单数形式。
6. buried，“掩埋”，根据语境可知用一般过去时，bury的过去式是buried。
7. supplies，“供应品”，常用复数形式表示各种物资，a large amount of修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数。
8. survivors，“幸存者”，search for后接名词，这里指搜寻幸存者，用复数形式表示一类人。
9. hurricane，“飓风”，在句中作主语，用单数形式。
10. awareness，“意识”，have an awareness of表示 “有……的意识”，用名词形式。
二、词性转换答案及解析
1. struck，strike的过去式，用于一般过去时的句子中作谓语。
2. homelessness，homeless的名词形式，意为 “无家可归”，如the problem of homelessness（无家可归问题）。
3. disasters，disaster的复数形式，直接在词尾加s。
4. lightning - like，lightning的形容词形式，意为 “像闪电似的”，可用于修饰名词，如lightning - like speed（闪电般的速度） 。
5. typhoons，typhoon的复数形式，直接在词尾加s。
6. buried，bury的过去式，用于一般过去时的句子中作谓语。
7. supplies，supply作名词 “供应品” 时，常用复数形式。
8. survivor，survive的名词形式，意为 “幸存者”，如a survivor of the accident（事故的幸存者）。
9. hurricanes，hurricane的复数形式，直接在词尾加s。
10. awareness，aware的名词形式，意为 “意识；认识”，如environmental awareness（环保意识）。
三、选词填空答案及解析
1. typhoon/hurricane，“台风/飓风袭击了小镇，对庄稼造成了很大破坏”，typhoon或hurricane都符合语境，用单数形式。
2. homeless，“地震后，许多人无家可归，不得不住在临时避难所”，become homeless表示 “变得无家可归”。
3. supplies，“我们需要储存足够的食物和水作为供应品，以防紧急情况”，supply作 “供应品” 讲时常用复数形式。
4. lightning，“闪电划过天空，接着是雷声轰鸣”，lightning是不可数名词，在句中作主语。
5. survivors，“救援人员仍在努力寻找飞机失事的幸存者”，用复数形式表示多个幸存者。
6. bury，“洪水过后，村民们不得不掩埋他们死去的动物”，have to后接动词原形bury。
7. typhoon/hurricane，“一场强大的台风/飓风正在逼近海岸，人们正在被疏散”，typhoon或hurricane都符合语境，用单数形式。
8. aware，“我们应该意识到我们周围潜在的危险”，be aware of是固定短语，意为 “意识到”。
9. disasters，“自然灾害会对人类和环境造成巨大的伤害”，natural disasters常用复数形式。
10. struck，“上周一场巨大的地震袭击了这个地区，许多人受伤”，根据last week可知用一般过去时，用struck。
四、阅读理解答案及解析
1. B，根据 “They usually happen when there is heavy rain for a long time or when a river overflows its banks.” 可知，洪水通常由长时间的大雨或河流泛滥引起，选B。
2. B，从 “In a flood, houses can be washed away, and people may lose their belongings. Crops are also seriously affected, which can lead to food shortages.” 可知，洪水会使人们失去财物，还可能导致食物短缺，选B。
3. B，“To prevent floods, people build dams and levees.” 表明人们可以建造堤坝和防洪堤来预防洪水，选B。
4. A，“Dams can store water and control the flow of rivers.” 说明大坝的作用是储存水和控制河流流量，选A。
5. B，“Also, afforestation can help as trees can absorb water and reduce soil erosion.” 指出树木可以吸收水分和减少土壤侵蚀，选B。
6. B，根据 “They occur when the Earth's crust suddenly moves.” 可知，地震是由地壳突然运动引起的，选B。
7. C，“Earthquakes can also trigger tsunamis in the ocean, which can cause even more damage along the coast.” 表明地震可能引发海啸，选C。
8. B，“To prepare for earthquakes, people can build earthquake - resistant buildings... having an emergency plan at home and in schools is very important.” 说明人们可以通过建造抗震建筑和制定应急计划来为地震做准备，选B。
9. B，“These buildings are designed to withstand the shaking of the ground.” 指出建造抗震建筑是为了抵御地震时地面的震动，选B。
10. A，文章主要讲述了地震的成因、后果以及如何为地震做准备，选A。
五、完形填空答案及解析
1. D，break out表示 “爆发（火灾、战争等）”，常用于描述突发的、不受控制的情况，这里指野火在野外爆发，选D。
2. A，根据后文 “They can destroy forests, homes...” 可知野火是有害的，harmful符合语境，选A。
3. C，take one's life表示 “夺走某人的生命”，野火会夺走人们的生命，选C。
4. A，后文提到闪电，闪电属于自然原因，natural causes符合文意，选A。
5. C，这里指不小心点燃篝火，like后接动名词，lighting符合，选C。
6. B，消防员努力阻止野火蔓延，stop表示 “阻止”，选B。
7. C，firebreaks是没有可燃物让火燃烧的区域，fuel表示 “燃料；可燃物”，选C。
8. A，预防野火很重要，preventing表示 “预防”，作主语，选A。
9. A，在野外要小心，careful表示 “小心的”，选A。
10. B，not...anywhere表示 “任何地方都不”，不要在任何地方乱扔烟头，选B。
六、语法填空答案及解析
1. are，主语Natural disasters是复数，句子描述一般事实用一般现在时，be动词用are，故填are。
2. To prevent，“为了防止这些灾难造成太大的伤害”，用动词不定式作目的状语，故填To prevent。
3. be built，buildings和build之间是被动关系，should后接动词原形，所以用be built，故填be built。
4. awareness，raise one's awareness of表示 “提高某人的……意识”，用名词形式awareness，故填awareness。
5. to teach，“学校和社区可以组织活动来教人们在灾难发生时该怎么做”，用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to teach。
6. occurs，主语是第三人称单数，句子描述一般事实用一般现在时，动词用第三人称单数形式occurs，故填occurs。
7. supplies，“他们需要为受灾群众提供物资”，supply作 “物资” 讲时常用复数形式，故填supplies。
8. who，先行词是those（指人），在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导定语从句，故填who。
9. their，“国家可以分享他们在防灾和救援方面的经验和技术”，修饰名词用形容词性物主代词their，故填their。
10. can，“只有共同努力，我们才能更好地应对自然灾害”，“Only +状语” 位于句首，句子部分倒装，can提前，故填can。

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