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Period Two　Reading and Thinking—Language points
语言知识梳理
词汇点睛
1.crucial　adj. 至关重要的,关键性的
(1)be crucial to/for…　 　　对……是至关重要的
play a crucial role/part in sth 在某方面起关键作用
be of crucial importance 非常重要
(2)It is crucial that… ……是至关重要的。(从句用虚拟语气,should可以省略)
(3)crucially adv. 至关重要地【佳句背诵】
[北师选必三] While some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement, others raise moral concerns. 尽管有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要,但也有人提出了道德方面的担忧。
单句填空
①It is crucial that strict measures 　　　　　　(take) to protect forests and wildlife habitats to maintain ecological balance.
② 　　　　　　　　(crucial), education is not just about acquiring knowledge; it is also about cultivating character and values.
完成句子
③As we navigate through our busy school days, finding ways to stay fit and energized at break 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
在我们度过忙碌的学校生活时,找到在课间休息时保持健康和充满活力的方法变得至关重要。
④World Oceans Day was set up to raise the awareness of protecting the ocean, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the global ecosystem. 世界海洋日的设立是为了提高人们对保护海洋的意识,海洋在全球生态系统中起着至关重要的作用。
2.vital　adj. 极其重要的,必不可少的
(1)be vital to/for…　　 对……是至关重要的
(2)It is vital that… ……是十分重要的。(从句用虚拟语气,should可以省略)
(3)vitally adv. 极其,绝对
It is vitally important for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是至关重要的。
佳句背诵
Understanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.
了解历史对于了解我们作为一个民族和一个国家至关重要。
活学活用
单句填空
①The government had decided on a change in their policy which 　　　　(vital) affected the future of the country.
②It is vital that enough money 　　　　　　　　(collect) to fund the project.
完成句子
③Not only does the ocean offer us sufficient food, but also it maintains the balance of nature. So, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(应用文写作之保护海洋)
海洋不仅给我们提供了充足的食物,而且还维持了自然的平衡。因此,保护海洋对我们来说至关重要。
④Another is using more supportive words to encourage us to talk, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　increasing classroom interaction.
另一点是用更多支持性的话语来鼓励我们交谈,这在增加课堂互动方面起着至关重要的作用。
3.committed　adj. 尽心尽力的;坚信的;坚定的
(1)be committed to (doing) sth致力于(做)某事
(2)commit v. 做出(错误或非法的事); 犯(罪或错等); 承诺,保证
commit a crime 犯罪
commit an error 犯错误
commit oneself to (doing/do) sth致力于/承诺/保证(做)某事
commit…to doing sth 投入……做某事
(3)commitment n. 投入;奉献;承诺;保证
make a commitment to (do) sth 承诺(做)某事
佳句背诵
(1)Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China… 屠呦呦出生于中国宁波,她是一位尽职尽责且有耐心的科学家……
(2)Both sides are committed to pushing forward this vitally important relationship between our two countries. 双方都致力于推进我们两国间这一至关重要的关系。
活学活用
单句填空
①These developments showcase not only China’s technological progress but also its commitment 　　　　environmental sustainability.
②Although he has many challenges in his life, he remains 　　　　　　　　(commit) to his cause and never gives up.
③Being committed to 　　　　　　　　(develop) the green economy, as is reported, is the driving force behind the success of the village.
完成句子
④With the help of their father, the twins 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　making a delicious breakfast. 在父亲的帮助下,这对双胞胎致力于做一顿美味的早餐。
⑤She was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, known for her integrity and perseverance. No matter how difficult the challenges were, she 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　her scientific principles.(读后续写之人物品质描写)
她是一位尽职尽责的科学家,以正直和坚忍不拔而闻名。无论挑战多么困难,她始终坚守自己的科学原则。
4.objective　n. 目的,目标 adj. 客观的;宾格的
(1)with the objective of…　 带着……的目标
achieve/meet an objective 达到目标
set an objective 确定目标
(2)object v. 不同意,反对
object to sth/sb 反对……
object to (sb) doing sth 不同意(某人)做某事
(3)objection n. 反对;异议
raise/have an objection to (doing) sth 对……提出异议/对……表示反对[温馨提示]
同义表达“目的是……”:with the intention/aim/purpose of; be aimed at。
佳句背诵
The school organized various extracurricular activities with the objective of developing students’ creativity and teamwork spirit.学校组织了各种各样的课外活动,目的在于培养学生的创造力和团队合作精神。
活学活用
单句填空
①The main 　　　　(object) of the project is to improve the quality of education in rural areas.
②She tried to remain 　　　　(object)when evaluating the performance of her team members.
③Many residents object to 　　　　(build) a new shopping mall in their neighbourhood due to increased traffic.
完成句子/一句多译
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　at the beginning of the new semester is vitally important to your study. (应用文写作之建议信)
在新学期开始时设定一个明确的目标对你的学习至关重要。
⑤为了丰富学生们的校园生活,我们学校于上周日举办了一场师生足球友谊赛。(应用文写作之校园活动)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, our school organised a friendly football match between students and teachers last Sunday. (with the objective of)
→　,
our school organised a friendly football match between students and teachers last Sunday.(aim to do)
5.evaluate　vt. 评价;评估
(1)evaluate one’s ability　评估某人的能力
evaluate sb/sth on… 根据……评价某人/某物
(2)evaluation n. 评估
make an evaluation of… 对……进行评估
佳句背诵
Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties.
她的团队研读了2000多篇古老的医药文献,并对28万种植物的药学属性进行了评估。
活学活用
单句填空
①The teacher will evaluate students 　　　　their performance in class, homework completion, and test scores.
②The 　　　　　　　　(evaluate) of the new software took several weeks, as the team needed to test all its features.
完成句子
③Some people think that we should 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　while others believe that we should not only focus on grades but also 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　their creativity, teamwork and communication skills.(应用文写作之观点对比)
一些人认为我们应该根据学生的成绩来评价他们,而另一些人则认为我们不仅要关注成绩,还应该根据学生的创造力、团队合作能力和沟通能力来评价他们。
④When the teacher finally 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and gave her a warm smile, her heart swelled with pride and relief flooded over her.(读后续写之心理描写)
当老师最终对她的表现做出评价,并朝她露出温暖的微笑时,她的心里充满了自豪,如释重负的感觉涌上心头。
6.obtain　vt. (尤指经努力)获得;赢得 vi. (规章、习俗等)存在;流行
(1)obtain…from…　从……获取……
obtain advice/information/permission得到忠告/信息/许可
(2)obtainable adj. 可获得的,可得到的
佳句背诵
(1)The money obtained from part-time jobs will strongly support students to continue their study.
兼职工作挣来的钱将强有力地支持学生们继续他们的学习。
(2)The custom of giving gifts during festivals still obtains in many parts of the country.在节日期间送礼物的习俗在这个国家的很多地方仍然流行。
活学活用
单句填空
①Knowledge that was once only 　　　　(obtain)through extensive research in libraries is now just a few clicks away.
②Working tirelessly, they analysed the samples 　　　　　　(obtain)from different locations, seeking answers to the mystery.
③Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough 　　　　(obtain) a second treat and various forms of success.
完成句子
④ the situation, I would like to offer some suggestions for improvement.(应用文写作之建议信)
在对情况有了更好的了解后,我想提出一些改进的建议。
⑤The training sessions are designed to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　necessary for career advancement, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　with commitment and practice.(应用文写作之通知)
培训课程旨在帮助员工获得职业晋升所需的技能,这些技能通过投入精力和练习是很容易获得的。
7.acknowledge　vt. 承认,公认;(公开)感谢
(1)acknowledge (doing) sth　承认(做了)某事
acknowledge sth/sb to be/as… 承认某事/某人是……
It is universally/generally acknowledged that ……是大家公认的。
(2)acknowledgement n. 承认;感谢
in acknowledgement of 以感谢……
佳句背诵
(1)It is acknowledged that the shortest distance between persons is a sincere smile. 人们普遍认为人与人之间最短的距离是真诚的微笑。
(2)The company gave him a bonus in acknowledgement of his outstanding contributions to the project.公司给他发了一笔奖金,以感谢他对这个项目做出的杰出贡献。
活学活用
单句填空
①In the journey of life, an 　　　　　　　　　　(acknowledge)of our shortcomings is the first step towards growth and self-improvement.
②The student acknowledged 　　　　(cheat) on the exam when faced with the evidence and was prepared to accept the consequences.
③The book, 　　　　　　　　(acknowledge) as a classic of modern literature, has been translated into many languages and is widely read around the world.
完成句子
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the ocean plays an important role in many aspects.
人们普遍认为海洋在很多方面都起着重要作用。
⑤I sincerely 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, with whose support I have boosted my confidence in study.(应用文写作之人物描写)
我衷心感谢我的英语老师,在他的支持下,我增强了学习的信心。
8.insist　vi. & vt. 坚持;坚决要求
insist on doing sth 坚持做某事
insist (that)… 坚决要求;坚决主张[从句用虚拟语气,即“(should+)动词原形”形式]
insist (that)… 坚持说;坚持认为(从句用陈述语气)
佳句背诵
Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持要求以身试药,以确保药物的安全性。
活学活用
单句填空
①You should respect the views of others, and at the same time insist 　　　　what you think is right.
②My mother insisted that the video (post)online, so I had to give in to her.
③The lady insisted that she 　 (do)
nothing wrong and that she 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(treat) properly.
完成句子/一句多译
④I thanked him once more for his incredible kindness and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　to return the favour.
我再次为他那令人难以置信的善意向他表示感谢,并坚持要与他见面以回报他的恩情。
⑤虽然他让我不要麻烦了,但我坚持我们在公交车站见面,并给他他应得的东西。
→While he asked me not to bother it, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　what he deserved. (insist on)
→While he asked me not to bother it, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　what he deserved.(insist 从句)
句型透视
1.Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said…
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说……
upon/on+v.-ing/n. 一……就……
句型公式　
句式点拨
upon/on+v.-ing/n. 表示“一……就……”,相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。一些表示短暂性动作的动词,如arrive, return, leave, reach, hear, see, receive, enter等,其相应的名词或动名词形式均可用在介词on/upon之后表示“一……就……”。
归纳拓展
表示“一……就……”的表达方式:
(1)as soon as, no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely… when…等;
(2)副词用作连词:immediately, directly, instantly等;
(3)名词用作连词:the minute, the moment, the instant等;
(4)at引导的一些介词短语,如at the sight of(一看到),at the thought of(一想到),at the sound of(一听到)等。
活学活用
单句填空
①Upon 　　　　(hear) my words, he was inspired instantly and decided to run.
②Mother hugged the twins. Her eyes widened 　　　　the sight of the breakfast tray.
③Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning 　　　　　　we realized we had forgotten our map in the room.
完成句子/一句多译
④He felt a rush of happiness 　　　　　　　　going on an adventure to a new place. (读后续写之心理描写)
一想到要去一个新的地方冒险,他感到一阵幸福。
⑤当我看到他无助地躺在床上时,我决定我必须独自行动,尽我最大的努力。
→　 ,
I decided I had to act alone and do my best. (the moment)
→　 ,
I decided I had to act alone and do my best. (upon doing)
→　 ,
I decided I had to act alone and do my best. (immediately)
2.It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world. 中国的科研和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一种荣誉。
It is an honour for sb to do sth.
对某人来说做某事是一种荣誉。
句型公式　
句式点拨
当句子的主语是动词不定式、动名词或从句时,为了保持句子平衡,常使用it作形式主语,将真正的主语(从句)放在句子的后面。
归纳拓展
it用作形式主语的常见句式:
(1)It is/was+形容词+that+从句.
It’s natural/likely/strange that…
……是正常的/很可能的/奇怪的。
(2)It is/was+名词+for sb to do sth或that+从句或v.-ing.
It’s a pity/shame/an honour…for sb to do sth.
对某人而言,做某事是遗憾的/可耻的/荣幸的/……。
It’s a pity/shame/an honour…that sb does sth.
对某人而言,做某事是遗憾的/可耻的/荣幸的/……。
It is no use/no good/not much fun…+doing sth.
做某事无用/无益/无趣/……。
(3)It+不及物动词(短语)+that+从句.
It seems/happens/turns out that…
似乎/碰巧/结果……
(4)It is/was+过去分词+that+从句.
It’s said/well-known/reported that…
据说/众所周知/据报道……
活学活用
单句填空
①With the rise of technology it is easy for people 　　　　　　　　(make) observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application.
②It is recently reported 　　　the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining…
③It was no use 　　　　　　　　(cry) over spilled milk. She had to accept the consequences and move on.
完成句子
④As the next generation, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and contribute towards a greener world.
作为下一代,采取行动为建设一个更加绿色的世界贡献力量是我们的责任。Period Two　Reading and Thinking—Language points
语言知识梳理
词汇点睛
1.①(should) be taken　②Crucially　③becomes crucial
④which plays a crucial part/role in
2.①vitally　②(should) be collected　③it is vital for us to protect the ocean/it is vitally important for us to protect the ocean
④which plays a vital/crucial role in
3.①to　②committed　③developing　④were committed to/committed themselves to　⑤a committed scientist; always committed herself to/was always committed to
4.①objective　②objective　③building　④ Setting a clear objective　⑤With the objective of enriching students’ school life;Aiming to enrich students’ school life
5.①on　②evaluation　③evaluate students on their grades; evaluate students on　④evaluated her performance
6.①obtainable　②obtained　③to obtain　④Having obtained a better understanding of　⑤help employees obtain the skills; which are easily obtainable
7.①acknowledgement　②cheating　③acknowledged　④It’s generally acknowledged that　⑤acknowledge my English teacher
8.①on　②(should) be posted　③had done; (should) be treated　④insisted on meeting him　⑤I insisted on our meeting at the bus station and giving him;I insisted (that) we (should) meet at the bus station and I (should) give him
句型透视
1.①hearing　②at　③when　④at the thought of
⑤The moment I saw him lying helplessly in bed;Upon seeing him lying helplessly in bed;Immediately I saw him lying helplessly in bed
2.①to make　②that　③crying　④it is our duty to take action

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