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Starter 语法讲练：冠词的用法 2025-2026学年外研版英语（2024）七年级上册
冠词是用于名词前，帮助说明名词所指意义的虚词，它不能单独使用。英语中有三种冠词形式：定冠词 (the)、不定冠词 (a/an) 和零冠词 (即不用任何冠词)。
一、不定冠词 a / an 的用法
不定冠词表示泛指，用于指某类人或事物中的任何一个，相当于中文的“一个”。
1. a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前
例如：a book, a university, a European country
2. an 用于元音音素开头的单词前
例如：an apple, an hour, an honest boy
3. 主要用法
表示数量“一”：I have a sister and two brothers.
表示某一类人或物：A dog is a faithful animal.
表示泛指：She is reading a book.
表示“每一个”：We have English lessons five times a week.
二、定冠词 the 的用法
定冠词表示特指，用于指说话双方都知道的人或事物，或者上文已提到过的人或事物。
1. 特指双方都知道的人或物
例如：Close the door, please. （双方都知道是哪扇门）
例如：Did you see the movie （双方都知道是哪部电影）
2. 指上文已提到过的人或物
例如：I bought a book yesterday. The book is very interesting.
3. 用于世界上独一无二的事物前
例如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world
4. 用于序数词和最高级前
例如：the first lesson, the tallest building
5. 用于乐器名称前
例如：play the piano, play the violin
6. 用于某些专有名词前
例如：the United States, the Great Wall, the Yellow River
三、零冠词的用法（不用冠词）
1. 复数名词和不可数名词表示泛指时
例如：She is afraid of tigers. （泛指老虎这一类动物）
例如：Water is important for life.
2. 专有名词前
例如：China, Beijing, Mary, English
3. 三餐、球类运动、学科名称前
例如：have breakfast, play basketball, study math
4. 节假日、星期、月份前
例如：Christmas, Sunday, January
5. 某些固定短语中
例如：go to school, at home, by bus
四、冠词用法的特殊情况
1. 表示职位、头衔的名词前常不用冠词
例如：He was elected president.
2. 在表示季节的名词前，可用可不用the
例如：in (the) spring
3. bed, school, hospital等词表示相关活动时不用冠词，表示具体地点时用冠词
例如：go to bed（睡觉） / sit on the bed（坐在床上）
例如：go to school（上学） / visit the school（参观学校）
练习题
一、冠词填空：在必要的地方填入 a, an 或 the，不需要填冠词的地方画 / 。
1. I have __________ apple and __________ orange for breakfast.
2. __________ sun rises in __________ east.
3. She is __________ honest girl.
4. We play __________ basketball every day.
5. This is __________ most interesting book I have ever read.
6. My father is __________ teacher.
7. They are going to __________ school now.
8. I saw __________ movie yesterday. __________ movie was very exciting.
9. She can play __________ piano very well.
10. We have __________ English class on Monday.
二、单项选择：从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案。
1. I need __________ hour to finish my homework.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
2. __________ earth goes around __________ sun.
A. The, the
B. An, a
C. /, /
D. The, a
3. She is __________ university student.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
4. We usually have __________ lunch at 12 o'clock.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
5. This is __________ first time I have been to Beijing.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
6. He can play __________ chess very well.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
7. __________ rich should help __________ poor.
A. The, the
B. A, a
C. /, /
D. The, /
8. I'm reading __________ book. __________ book is very interesting.
A. a, The
B. the, The
C. a, A
D. the, A
9. She goes to __________ school by __________ bus.
A. the, the
B. /, /
C. the, /
D. /, the
10. __________ knowledge is power.
A. A
B. An
C. The
D. /
三、冠词辨析：判断下列名词前应该使用定冠词、不定冠词还是零冠词。
1. __________ water ( )
2. __________ moon ( )
3. __________ English ( )
4. __________ useful tool ( )
5. __________ hour ( )
6. __________ breakfast ( )
7. __________ United Kingdom ( )
8. __________ honesty ( )
9. __________ poor (表示穷人) ( )
10. __________ Chinese (表示中国人) ( )
A. 定冠词 B. 不定冠词 C. 零冠词
四、改错题：下列句子各有一处冠词错误，请找出并改正。
1. I have a idea.
__________
2. She is the best student in a class.
__________
3. We usually play the football after school.
__________
4. He is a honest man.
__________
5. The health is more important than the wealth.
__________
6. I saw a movie yesterday. A movie was very interesting.
__________
7. She goes to the school from Monday to Friday.
__________
8. Can you play a piano
__________
9. We have a lunch at school.
__________
10. He is a English teacher.
__________
五、情景对话：根据语境选择正确的冠词用法。
1. A: What did you do yesterday
B: I saw __________ movie.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
2. A: Did you like __________ movie
B: Yes, it was wonderful.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
3. A: What's your favorite subject
B: I like __________ math.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
4. A: Can you play __________ musical instrument
B: Yes, I can play __________ guitar.
A. a, the
B. the, a
C. a, a
D. the, the
5. A: How do you go to school
B: I go to school by __________ bus.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
六、完成句子：用适当的冠词完成下列句子。
1. __________ knowledge of English is important for this job.
2. I usually have __________ breakfast at 7 o'clock.
3. __________ Nile is __________ longest river in Africa.
4. She is __________ only child in her family.
5. We need __________ umbrella because it's raining.
6. __________ Chinese are __________ hardworking people.
7. He has __________ uncle who lives in __________ United States.
8. __________ milk in __________ refrigerator is fresh.
9. I'm reading __________ book about __________ history of __________ Europe.
10. She wants to be __________ engineer when she grows up.
答案：
一、冠词填空
1. an, an
2. The, the
3. an
4. /
5. the
6. a
7. /
8. a, The
9. the
10. an
二、单项选择
1. B
2. A
3. A
4. D
5. C
6. D
7. A
8. A
9. B
10. D
三、冠词辨析
1. C (零冠词)
2. A (定冠词)
3. C (零冠词)
4. B (不定冠词a)
5. B (不定冠词an)
6. C (零冠词)
7. A (定冠词)
8. C (零冠词)
9. A (定冠词，the poor表示穷人)
10. C (零冠词，Chinese表示中国人时是复数概念)
四、改错题
1. a → an
2. a → the
3. 删除the
4. a → an
5. 删除两个the (抽象名词表示一般概念时不用冠词)
6. 第二个A → The
7. 删除the (go to school表示"上学")
8. a → the
9. 删除a (三餐前不用冠词)
10. a → an
五、情景对话
1. A
2. C
3. D
4. A
5. D
六、完成句子
1. A (表示"某种程度的"，用不定冠词)
2. / (三餐前不用冠词)
3. The, the (河流名称前用the，最高级前用the)
4. the (only前用the)
5. an (umbrella以元音音素开头)
6. The, a (the Chinese表示中国人民，a hardworking people表示一个勤劳的民族)
7. an, the (uncle以元音音素开头，国家名称前用the)
8. The, the (特指冰箱里的牛奶)
9. a, the, / (book用a，history of Europe是特指，大洲名称前不用冠词)
10. an (engineer以元音音素开头)

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