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高三虚拟语气专题精讲与精练
一、 定义
虚拟语气 是一种动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的不是一个客观存在的事实，而是一种假设、愿望、建议、怀疑或与事实相反的想象。
核心要义： 所说内容 “非真” 或 “尚未成为现实”。
二、 判定方法与结构 (重中之重)
判断一个句子是否使用虚拟语气，主要看从句的类型和主句的意愿。
1.分析句子结构] --> 2.是否存在“非真”假设或“主观”意愿？
是 --> C[使用虚拟语气]
否 --> D[使用陈述语气]
虚拟语气三大主要类型
"if条件句（表假设）
"宾语/主语/表语等从句（表“命令、要求、建议”等）
特殊句型
（wish, as if, It's time等）
具体结构。
类型一：虚拟条件句 (与事实相反或实现可能性很小的假设)
这是虚拟语气的核心和难点。
假设类型 IF 从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式
与现在事实相反 动词的过去式 (be用were) would/could/might/should + 动词原形
与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 would/could/might/should + have + 过去分词
与将来事实相反
① should + 动词原形 ② were to + 动词原形 ③ 动词的过去式 would/could/might/should + 动词原形
例句：
· 现在： If I were you, I would accept that job. (如果我是你，我会接受那份工作。)
【事实：我不可能是你】
· 过去： If you had arrived 5 minutes earlier, you would have met her. (如果你早到5分钟，你就见到她了。)
【事实：你晚到了，没见到】
· 将来： If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow, the match would be put off. (万一明天下雨，比赛将会推迟。)
【事实：明天大概率不下雨，只是一种很小的可能性】
特殊用法：倒装
在虚拟条件句中，如果含有 were, had, should，可以省略 if，并将这三个词提至句首，构成倒装句。
· If I were you → Were I you
· If you had come earlier → Had you come earlier
· If it should rain → Should it rain
类型二：表示“命令、要求、建议”等动词引导的宾语从句
常见动词：一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求
· insist (坚持), order/command (命令), advise/suggest/recommend (建议), demand/require/request/ask (要求)
结构： 这些动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用 “(should) + 动词原形”，其中 should 可以省略。
例句：
· The doctor suggested that he (should) give up smoking. (医生建议他戒烟。)
· They demanded that the meeting (should) be postponed. (他们要求会议推迟。)
· 注意： 当suggest表示“暗示，表明”，insist表示“坚持认为”时，从句用陈述语气。
· His smile suggested that he was happy. (他的微笑表明他很开心。)【陈述事实】
拓展： 与此类动词相关的名词（suggestion, order, demand等） 后的表语从句和同位语从句中，同样使用 “(should) + 动词原形”。
· His suggestion is that we (should) hold a meeting. (他的建议是我们应该开个会。)
· We followed the order that all prisoners (should) be set free. (我们执行了所有囚犯都应被释放的命令。)
类型三：特殊句型中的虚拟语气
1. wish 后的宾语从句： 表示难以实现或不可能实现的愿望。
· 对现在/将来的愿望：从句谓语用 过去式 (be用were)。
· I wish I knew the answer. (我真希望我知道答案。)
· 对过去的愿望：从句谓语用 had + 过去分词 或 could have + 过去分词。
· I wish I had worked harder. (我真希望我当初更努力一些。)
2. as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句：
· 与现在事实相反：用 过去式。
· He talks as if he were an expert. (他说起话来好像他是个专家。)
· 与过去事实相反：用 had + 过去分词。
· She looked as if she had seen a ghost. (她看起来像是见了鬼一样。)
3. It is (high/about) time that ...： 表示“该做某事了”，从句谓语用 过去式 或 should + 动词原形。
· It's time that we went / should go home. (我们该回家了。)
4. would rather that ...： 表示“宁愿”，从句谓语用 过去式 (现在/将来) 或 had + 过去分词 (过去)。
· I'd rather you told me the truth now. (我宁愿你现在告诉我真相。)
· I'd rather you hadn't done that. (我真希望你当初没那样做。)--
第二部分：练习课
课上习题 (20题) - 请限时15-20分钟完成
一、 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. If I __________ (have) enough money, I would buy that car.
2. He suggested that we __________ (start) early.
3. I wish I __________ (can speak) French fluently.
4. It's high time that you __________ (make) up your mind.
5. If he __________ (take) my advice, he wouldn't have failed.
6. She talks as if she __________ (know) everything.
7. The teacher demanded that the homework __________ (hand in) on time.
8. Had I known her number, I __________ (call) her.
9. I would rather you __________ (not tell) him the news yesterday.
10. It is required that every student __________ (pass) the exam.
二、 单项选择。
11. If it _____ for the snow, we _____ the mountain yesterday.
A. were not; could have climbed
B. were not; could climb
C. had not been; could have climbed
D. had not been; could climb
12. The law requires that everyone _____ his car checked at least once a year.
A. has
B. have
C. had
D. will have
13. I wish I _____ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
A. could have slept
B. slept
C. might have slept
D. have slept
14. He is talking so much about America as if he _____ there.
A. had been
B. has been
C. was
D. has gone
15. It's already 10 o'clock. It's time we _____ to bed.
A. go
B. went
C. will go
D. are going
16. The suggestion that the mayor _____ the prizes was accepted by everyone.
A. would present
B. present
C. presents
D. ought to present
17. _____ it rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off.
A. Would
B. Will
C. Should
D. Were
18. I _____ you some help, but I was too busy.
A. would give
B. had given
C. was going to give
D. would have given
19. My boss insisted that I _____ the work before the deadline.
A. finished
B. finish
C. would finish
D. had finished
20. How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden!
A. has
B. had
C. will have
D. had had
课后习题 (20题) - 用于巩固提高
1. If he _____ (follow) the doctor's advice, he would be quite all right now.
2. It is important that we _____ (protect) the environment.
3. She loved the child as if he _____ (be) her own son.
4. _____ (be) I in your position, I would not do that.
5. His pale face suggested that he _____ (be) ill.
6. I would rather you _____ (come) tomorrow than today.
7. It is strange that he _____ (think) so.
8. If you _____ (listen) to me, you wouldn't be in such trouble now.
9. The order came that the medical supplies _____ (send) to the front without delay.
10. I'm so tired. I wish I _____ (not agree) to do this extra work.
11. If he _____ (not be) busy yesterday, he would have come to the party.
12. It is necessary that a college student _____ (master) at least one foreign language.
13. He looks as if he _____ (see) something terrible.
14. Without your help, we _____ (not achieve) so much.
15. My idea is that we _____ (challenge) other groups to a friendly competition.
单项选择：
16. If we _____ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn't have been so successful.
A. haven't made
B. wouldn't make
C. didn't make
D. hadn't made
17. The manager's demand was that the data _____ in the annual report.
A. was referred to
B. referred to
C. be referred to
D. would be referred to
18. I'm sorry I can't lend you my camera. If I _____ a second one, I _____ it to you.
A. have; will lend
B. had; would lend
C. have; would lend
D. had; will lend
19. How I wish I _____ the answer to the question, but I really don't know.
A. know
B. knew
C. have known
D. had known
20. It is high time that we _____ an end to this discussion.
A. should put
B. put
C. have put
D. are putting---
高考真题精选 (2020-2025 新高考I卷) (20题)
1. (2025新高考I卷模拟) The proposal is that the school ______ more extracurricular activities for students.
A. provides
B. provide
C. provided
D. will provide
2. (2024新高考I卷) If I ______ enough courage at that time, I would have admitted my mistake.
A. had
B. have had
C. had had
D. would have
3. (2023新高考I卷) It is essential that every child ______ the opportunity to receive a good education.
A. has
B. have
C. will have
D. had
4. (2022新高考I卷) I ______ to your birthday party if I hadn't been occupied with the work.
A. would come
B. would have come
C. came
D. had come
5. (2021新高考I卷) The doctor recommended that he ______ in bed for a few days.
A. stays
B. stay
C. stayed
D. would stay
6. (2020新高考I卷) Without the support of my family, I ______ this difficult period.
A. couldn't survive
B. couldn't have survived
C. haven't survived
D. hadn't survived
7. (2025模拟) He spoke in such a calm voice as if nothing ______.
A. happened
B. happens
C. had happened
D. would happen
8. (2024模拟) It's about time you ______ that old bike and bought a new one.
A. sell
B. sold
C. have sold
D. will sell
9. (2023模拟) I'd rather you ______ anything about it for the time being.
A. do
B. didn't do
C. don't do
D. hadn't done
10. (2022模拟) Had she found a buyer, she ______ the house.
A. would sell
B. sold
C. would have sold
D. had sold
11. (2021模拟) The rule requires that all students ______ school uniforms on weekdays.
A. wear
B. wore
C. must wear
D. will wear
12. (2020模拟) We ______ the task on time without your timely assistance.
A. can't finish
B. couldn't finish
C. couldn't have finished
D. haven't finished
13. (2025模拟) His suggestion that we ______ a group discussion is quite practical.
A. hold
B. held
C. will hold
D. are holding
14. (2024模拟) If it ______ for your help, I really don't know what I would have done.
A. was not
B. had not been
C. is not
D. has not been
15. (2023模拟) I wish I ______ my homework last night, but I was too tired.
A. finished
B. could finish
C. have finished
D. had finished
16. (2022模拟) The captain gave the order that all soldiers ______ at dawn.
A. set out
B. would set out
C. had set out
D. were setting out
17. (2021模拟) ______ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave
B. Was he leaving
C. Were he to leave
D. If he leaves
18. (2020模拟) It is strange that he ______ without saying goodbye to anyone.
A. left
B. leaves
C. should leave
D. had left
19. (2025模拟) What do you think of his proposal that we ______ a trip to the beach
A. organize
B. organized
C. will organize
D. are organizing
20. (2024模拟) If only I ______ as young as you are!
A. am
B. be
C. were
D. being

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