资源简介

中考之应用文写作
1、专题精讲
1、专题概述：
I、中考作文评分标准：
第五档：（15--13分) ①完全完成试题规定的任务，信息全。
②语言可读性强，语言结构基本正确，有少量错误。
第四档：（12--10分）①完全完成试题规定的任务,有主要信息。
②语言基本正确，有一些错误。
第三档：（9--7分）①基本完成试题规定的任务,有主要信息。
②语言尚可读，有一些错误，但尚能达意。
第二档：（6--4 分）①未能恰当完成试题规定的任务,信息不全。
②只有个别句子可读，语言错误较多，且不能达意。
第一档:（3--1分) ①未能完成试题规定的任务。不能表达有关信息。
②只有几个有关单词，语言错误很多，不能达意。
注意:凡不写任何内容、抄袭其他内容、所写内容无法看清者一律给0分。
II、应用文题型分析：
应用文主要包括信函、电邮、日记、通知、广告、看图写话等形式，它要求考生不仅能表达题中的主要内容，还能够正确地运用各种文本格式进行规范的书写，这也是考生对于英语传统文化了解多少的反映。

III. 解题步骤：
一、细心审题，明确要求。
细读题目所提供的信息，明确要求，做到心中有数。要对所提供的信息加以分析、整理，使之更加具体化、条理化，为开始动笔做好准备工作，还要搞清题目的要求，以便根据不同的题材、体裁，写出不同格式，风格各异的文章，此外，还要注意人称、时态、地点等信息，避免出错。
二、抓住重点，理顺要点。
根据题目所提供的信息，草拟提纲，分清各要点之间的内在联系，寻求逻辑次序，分出层次，确定如何下手，使表达内容条理清楚，否则，语无伦次的文章将不会被人接受，也不可能得到高分。
三、遣词造句，表达规范。
用词要适当，不可逐句把提示汉译英，亦不可生拼硬凑，不要硬拿英语单词到中文句子里去对号，否则写出中文式英语，闹出笑话。一般来讲，写作时，应尽量选出你有把握的词，尽量使用短句（简单句）。如果有的单词不会写，有的思想不会用英语表达，你可以设法绕开，最好找一个同义词、同义句，或近义词、词组短语来代替。在写书面表达的时候，在英语中一个意思能说好几个词语，所以要选择高级词汇，这样到时候改卷老师也会觉得你的表达能力好英语底子厚，就算一篇很平常的文章会多给2-3分。要正确使用关联词，如and，or，but，so，because，since等，以便行文自然流畅。除此之外，写作时还要注意时态、语态的各种句式的交替作用，使文章显得得体，表达流畅。
四、连句成篇，修改润色。
将写好的句子连贯的组织起来。作文写完之后，应注意检查修改，修改时先从全局修改。首先要检查主题是否明确，表达方式是否恰当，接下来检查所写内容是否切题，该交待的内容是否交待了，最后检查所用时态、人称是否符合要求，最后是否一致。
局部修改，也就是段落、句子水平上的修改。作局部修改时，要检查段落是否完整，句子表达是否准确，语法、拼写、标点、移行、大小写等方面是否有误。
另外，值得一提的是，考生修改时，一定要注意文章长短（词数）是否达到了要求。为了便于辨认，修改好后，还要认真誊写一遍，英语誊写的基本要点如下:
1.四周应留空。
2.标题应写在第一行的中央。文章与标题间空2－3行，除介词、连词、冠词外，标题中每一个实词的第一个字母均应大写，但如果第一个单词是介词，连词等，这个词的第一个字母仍应大写。
3.段与段之间一般不空行，但每段第一行应缩进4－5个字母所占的位置。
4.书写工整、规范，卷面整洁，词间距要一致，尽量避免移行。
5．要删掉一个词时，用一条粗横线划掉，不要用括号括起来。
誊写完后，还应仔细校阅1－2遍。校阅要逐词逐句进行，注意检查语法、拼写、标点、大小写等方面的错误。校阅是自检的最后一关，应严肃认真的进行，尽可能地消灭一切差错，增强文章的效果。经过以上工作，最后呈现在评卷老师面前的应该是一份干干净净、整整齐齐、主题突出、语言流畅、用词恰当的作文。

2、常用应用文知识回顾和解题技巧

书信格式---地址，日期，称谓，落款












注意：现在国际上流行使用齐头式书信格式，即所有的段落不空格，都是从左边顶格写，包括落款也是，这个从很多的范文当中就可以看出来。教师在讲解的时候应补充此知识。

书信写作流程图：











常用句型：
1)信件开头常用语
①写信给他人
I'm writing to tell you about the discussion (the lecture/ meeting/ activity) we (our class/ our school) held yesterday.
I'm writing to ask if you can come next week.
②回信给他人
Your letter came to me this morning.
I have received your letter of July 20th.
Thank you for your letter.
2)信件常用结束语
① Please remember me to your whole family.
② Wish you a pleasant journey.
③ Wish you success. /Wish you the best of health.
④ Looking forward to your next visit to China.
⑤ Looking forward to the pleasure of meeting you.
⑥ Looking forward to your early reply.
⑦ Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible.
⑧ Hoping to hear from you soon.
⑨ Your early reply will be highly appreciated.
⑩ With best regards to your family.
? With love and good wishes.
? Best wishes/regards!
【典型例题】
你的笔友Sammy想了解你这两天的考试情况以及暑期安排。假定你是陈涛，请根据Sammy在电子邮件中的提问，给他写回信。字数在80字左右
From：Sammy@wde.ac.uk
Subject: How are you?
Hi,
How are you? I know you’re busy with your English exam right now. How is it? And how was everything yesterday? Anyway, it’ll be all over soon. What are you going to do during the summer vacation? And are you ready for your new school life? Please email me and let me know.
Sammy
参考范文：
Hi,
Glad to hear from you! Yes, I am OK with my English exam now because English is my favorite. I had a busy and tiring day yesterday but I was happy with the support from my family. Anyway, I will be free after the exam. During the long summer vacation I will probably go to visit my relatives in the countryside and hang out with my friends. I am looking forward to seeing my new school and making new friends.
Hope you are well.
Chen Tao

日记
1．格式：
首行：日期、星期、天气状况。日期通常顶格写，后面是星期，天气状况写在右上角。表示天气情况的词一般用形容词，如： fine, cold, rainy, windy, cloudy, sunny, snowy, foggy等。正文部分另起一行。
2．人称：第一人称。
3．时态：一般过去时态。



写一篇题为“A Visit To_____”的日记。
学生作文：
　May. 25th,2018 　　???
sunny　
　　　　　　　　　　　　? A Visit To Jinmao Building
　　Jinmao Building has Chinese traditional styles and it is also modern. It is the signal construction of Shanghai. It is located in the center of Lujiazui Financial Area. Our family visited Jinmao Building today.
　　The traffic there is very convenient. You can got here by tunnel and No.2 subway. And if you live near it, you can walk there just like our family. We went to the eighty-eighth floor of Jinmao Building. We saw the whole view of Shanghai there.
Please come to Jinmao Building, and you will get some unexpected gains there.

看图写话

看图写话也是作文常用的一种形式，它是一种检查学生观察理解能力及运用语言能力的形式，学生必须根据所示图片或图片组，恰当地运用所学的词句表达一个完整的故事。

写作流程图：










1．认真审图、识别图义、把握主题。
认真观察每幅图画所提供的信息，积极开展联想，体会语境。要把握图中关键情节及相互关系（如人物、环境、时间、地点、动作等），对每幅图所要表达的主题做到心中有数。如有提示词语，可进一步根据提示词语构思出一个完整的情节或语段。
2．确定句型、精心选词、逐图描述。
根据每幅图画所表达的中心内容，选定自己熟悉的表达句型，再精心选择所缺的词语（除所提供的词语必须都用上外），运用自己所掌握的语法知识连词成句，逐图进行描述，写出语义符合、语法正确的句子。
3. 连珠成串，懂得道理。
使用适当的连词，比如时间连词、并列连词、时间状语从句等使文章更有层次感，结构清晰，结尾要升华主题，说出你懂得的道理，千万不能只是把四幅图片都描述一遍就结束了，这样就会变成一篇没有逻辑没有结构的作文。
4．图文对照、细审文字、检查修正。
结合各图，细读所写出的句子，检查所写内容是否紧扣图示情景，意思是否表达准确清楚，句子结构形式及词形是否正确，各个句子间是否连贯通顺，还要检查拼写、大小写和标点符号是否得当。
注意
开头：一般过去时(常以天气开头)
? It was a sunny/rainy/cloudy day!
? What a bad weather! It was raining heavily.
? It was fine weather, wasn’t it?
One day
正文：
? 认真审题看图，看人物的动作表情，搞清事情的来龙去脉。
? 一般过去时为主，兼有过去进行时和过去将来时。
? 为人物编上名字，利于描述。
? 用2——3句话描述每一幅图片（找短语，连词组句）
? 人物的话语最好以间接引语出现
? 合理运用连词：first, then, next, finally, at last / and, so, because, although, as a result, but, however, also
结尾：一般现在时，表扬好人好事，从中学到什么？
? What a good/ kind/ good/clever/ smart/ brave/ warm-hearted boy/girl!
? Tom is …, we should learn from him.
? From the story, we know/learn that …
参考范文：
John is a foreign student. He is very kind and helpful. He is always ready to help others. Last Sunday, the weather was very fine. （引入段）He came to the beach for relaxing as usual. He was lying on the beach and
listening to the radio when suddenly he heard someone shouting for help. He jumped up quickly, looked out toward the sea and saw a little boy waving his hands in the air. He took off his clothes and jumped into the water. He swam to the little boy and carried him back to the beach. （叙事段，中心段落）What a good student John is! We should learn from him.（结尾段）


2、专题过关
假如你是李涛，在美国夏令营活动中，你和来自不同国家的中学生交流了各自的职业梦想。现校刊向你约稿，请根据表格信息，给校刊主编回信。
name what why
David(U.K.) artist creativelove painting
Helen( U.S.A) shop assistant try on new clothes meet different people
Li Tao … 1. …2. ….
注意： 1. 内容必须包括表格中的信息；
2. 开头已经为你写好，你只需接着写；
3. 词数：70个左右。开头和结尾部分的内容不计入总词汇。
Dear Editor,
I am writing to tell you about our dreams.
___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2．我市将承办2019年第15届省运会，为此组委会委托某英语报社向全社会征集建议，假设你是李平，请联系实际，就“政府部门，市民(citizens)及学生该为办好这次盛会做些什么？”提出建议．
要求：
1.根据所提供的信息，给该报社写”一封建议信；
2.词数：80词左右（开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
3.文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称．
Dear Editor ,
My name is Li ping , a middle school student . I’m excited to know that the 15th Games of Fujian Province will be held in our city in 2014 . To make it successful ,
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________
Yours ,
Li Ping
【参考范文】
1、Dear Editor,
I am writing to tell you about our dreams.
David from U.K. wants to be an artist because he loves painting and it’s creative to make the city more beautiful. As for the American girl Helen, she has a very special dream. She would like to be a shop assistant because she will enjoy the life if she can often try on new clothes and meet different people.
I come from China and I want to work as a programmer. I like playing computer games and doing programs can make me feel how smart I am.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Tao
2、Dear Editor,
My name is Li ping , a middle school student . I’m excited to know that the 15th Games of Fujian Province will be held in our city in 2014 . To make it successful , the government is supposed to build more new gyms for the players and take more measures to improve the environment Of our city. Besides, the citizens ought to be polite and ready to help others. They had better talk with others in Putonghua. They should try their best to keep the city clean and tidy. As students, we should do more exercise to keep fit and try to be volunteers of the Games.
In a word, if everyone makes a contribution, the Games will be more successful. Yours, Li Ping


三、学法提炼
1、专题特点：

2、解题方法

3、注意事项



课后作业


1. 假如明天是11月1日，Mr. Black将来我校做一次演讲。请你根据海报内容，以学生会的名义给同学们写一则通知，并请同学们保持安静。要求包含所有信息，至少写出五句话。
图见纸稿

An English Speech Comes to our School!
POSTER
What it is about: English culture Where: in the school hall
When: 8 a.m.-9 a.m. What to take: pen, notebook
Come and join Us!
NOTICE
Mr. Black will come to our school and give an English speech tomorrow (November 1st)._________________________
____________________________________________________
We hope you can come and join us!
Students’ Union
__________31st
2．动物是人类的朋友，你校拟组织以“I want to be a volunteer of protecting animals”为题的英语演讲比赛。假如你是李鸣，将要参加此次比赛，请你写一篇英语演讲稿推荐自己，内容如下：
要求：1.词数100左右，演讲稿的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
2.所写演讲稿必须包括所有要点，自由发挥的内容必须围绕主题。
3.文中不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。
I want to be a volunteer to protect animals
Hello, everyone. I am Li Ming. I want to be a volunteer of protecting animals. I am glad to make a speech here.
______________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Thanks for listening!
3．假设你是李明，你的美国笔友Mike想了解你的周末活动情况。请根据下面的提示，给他回复邮件。
提示：周六上午8:30在学校集合，老师带领我们乘坐公共汽车去塘沽游玩；我们在沙滩上玩，在海里游泳；还在海洋公园（the Sea Park）看了动物表演；在塘沽呆了两天，过得很愉快。
Dear Mike,
How are you recently? _____________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Ming

4．2013 年4月20日，四川省雅安地区发生7.0 级地震。为支持灾区，你们学校准备举行一场慈善义演，请你为此次活动写一篇演讲稿，让更多的人了解并积极支持此次活动。词数80词左右。
活动起因 多数房屋倒塌，许多人丧生或受伤，许多人无家可归……
活动内容 慈善演出的名称为“Helping the Children in Poor Areas”；
地点在操场上，下周三上午8点到10点；票价每人10元。
许多同学都愿意为义演做工作，希望大家都参加。
活动目的 为希望工程募集钱款，帮助失学孩子重返校园。
个人感受 只要人人都献出一点爱，世界将变得更美好……
要求：
句子通顺、表达准确，可适当增加细节使内容连贯；
文中不得使用真实的人名、校名；
短文的开头已经给出，不计入总词数。
A charity show
Because of the serious earthquake in Yaan, Sichuan Province on April 20, 2013, a lot of houses broke down.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
5．请用所给的提示写一则寻物启事。
Li Lei 是一个九年级2版的学生， 他丢了一个篮球， 请写一则寻物启事。
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
6．招聘代表Frank 想写一份招聘启事，请你帮他完成。他的电话是13634211000
Wanted
Do you like to ____________________________?
Do you like to ____________________________?
Do you like to ____________________________?
We need a reporter, a waiter, a doctor, a policeman, a bank clerk and a teacher.

7．假如下周日你（David）邀请你的朋友Jim去看电影，但他不知道电影院在哪儿，写一张便条告诉他如何到电影院。
提示单词或短语；turn left, go along, Buxing Street, go straight, post office, across from, supermarket
要求：要点全面，语句通顺，可以适当发挥，字数50-60字。

【参考范文】
1．The theme is about English culture .The speech will be hold in our school hall between 8 a.m. and 9 a.m. on November 1st.If you want to go to the speech ,please take a pen and a notebook .
【解析】本题要求根据所给表格中所提供的信息，用英语写一个通知，将一次演讲活动安排告知全班同学。本题给出大量的信息，包括演讲主题，地点，时间以及需要带的东西等，注意将这些内容介绍清楚。写作中注意用词准确，逻辑清楚，并注意应用文题的格式，要求。
考点：关于一则通知的应用文写作
2．I Want to Be A Volunteer of Protecting Animals
A very good morning / afternoon to you all ,everyone.My name is XXX,a student from XXX Middle School.As we know,animals are our good friends.Hower,as we can see,some animals,especially rare animals,are becoming fewer and fewer.
In order to protect these animals,I want to be a volunteer。I am active and out-going.I like animals,such as cats,dogs,rabits as well as everything related to animals,like newspapers,magazines and videos.I often take part in the activities of protecing animals.For example, last month I presented a show called Stopping Hunting.Many people came and supported me.
To be a good volunteer,I need to do more,I will read some books about animals.Meanwhile,I will join a club whose aim is to protect animals.
I believe I can do the work well,I hope you can give me the chance.
That's all.Thank you.
【解析】试题分析:这是一篇命题作文，写一封推荐信推荐自己。写作中注意将自己的情况介绍清楚并表达自己参加比赛的意愿。在写作时要注意时态，人称和固定词组的搭配，要注意语言的规范性。结合材料可知本文主要是一般现在及将来时态，第一人称。写作中适当使用连词，序数词，做到上下文联系紧密，符合逻辑关系。
点评：注意写作中的时态、人称和数的问题，时态一般是一般现在时态，人称是第一人称较多。写作中语言要准确、简明，说明有条理，符合逻辑。
3．Dear Mike,
How are you recently?
Last Saturday, our teacher took us to Tanggu for a trip by bus. We met at eight in the morning in our school and got there at about ten. We played on the beach and swam in the sea. We saw some beautiful fishes and some wonderful animal shows in the Sea Park. I also bought some gifts with my pocket money for my parents. We stayed in Tanggu for two days and we had a great time there.
What about your weekend?
Yours,
Li Ming
【解析】
试题分析: 这是一篇应用文写作，写一封回信。本题给出的材料比较全面，我们所要做的首先是应用正确的英语句子把这些内容表达出来，在此基础上亦可适当发挥，注意不要遗漏材料中给出的要点。写作前先结合要表达的事情确定句子的人称时态，注意标点符号及大小写等问题，不要犯语法错误。注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，语意连贯。
点评：注意写作中的时态、人称和数的问题，时态一般是一般现在时态，人称是第一人称较多。写作中语言要准确、简明，说明有条理，符合逻辑。
4．A charity show
Because of the serious earthquake in Yaan, Sichuan Province on April 20,2013 , a lot of houses broke down. Many people lost their lives in the earthquake, and the person survived become homeless.
Next Wednesday, there will be a charity show called Helping the Children in Poor Areas in
our school. The show will be held on the playground froma.m. toa.m. Tickets are ten yuan each. Many students are willing to do some work for the show. I hope all the students can come and support the show.
We will hold the show to raise money for Project Hope and help poor children return to school. I think the world will be better as long as everyone gives a little love.
【解析】
试题分析：本题是写一篇有关一次慈善演出的演讲稿。本题给出的材料较为详细，动笔前应先认真阅读材料，围绕所给材料组织内容，确定主要短语，句式等问题。写作中注意从四个方面进行介绍，注意谈谈自己的感受。通过阅读材料可知这篇短文人称时态问题较为复杂，注意时态与时间状语的搭配及主谓一致问题。动笔前可以按照材料内容列出简单提纲，写出关键单词。注意语义通顺，符合逻辑关系，适当使用连接词。
点评：做英语书面表达时，要注意认真审题，分析体裁，确定时态；分析内容要点，列出一些基本词汇及词组；注意表达的条理性，用好连接词。最后，注意不要犯语法、句法以及搭配性错误。日常学习中，注意多背诵范文，熟记一些经典句型，考试时就能有所参照，有的放矢。
5．Lost June 28th.
Fellow students，I lost a basketball on the playground yesterday afternoon. Who hound it,please keep in touch to me . Many thanks .
Yours
Li lei .
【解析】
试题分析：本题是写一则寻物启事，写作中首先应注意书写的格式，注意启事内容，不能遗漏提示中的要点。熟悉注意叙述的逻辑关系，把启事的内容，要求说清楚。注意表达的条理性，用好连接词。最后，注意不要犯语法、句法以及搭配性错误，写好后反复读几遍，适当修改。
点评：对于应用文首先应该注意格式，然后将短文的主要内容包括注意事项等叙述清楚。书写时，不能随意加以拓展。
6．答案不唯一，符合题意即可。如句子中可补充如下内容：work hard/ work late/ meet people/ talk with people/ write stories/ sing and dance… 文后需加上：Please call Frank at 13634211000.
【解析】
试题分析：这是一篇给材料作文，题目中已经给出了句子结构，只要根据题意把句子补充完整即可。注意不要遗漏要点，做到语句通顺。
点评：此类题型首先要做的就是认真阅读材料，不能跑题偏题。写作中注意一些基础的写作常识，不犯低级错误。只要平时积累足够，就一定能获得满意的分数。
7．Dear Jim,
The movie theater is not very far. Go out of your home and turn left . Go along Buxing Street and turn right at the first crossing. Go straight till you see a post on your right. . The movie theater is just across from the post office, next to a big supermarket. Let us meet there at 8:00 o’clock.
【解析】
试题分析: 这是一篇应用文写作，写一张便条。根据提示，可知本文主要是对行走路线进行介绍，故主要时态为一般现在时态。写作中尤其要注意将路线介绍清楚，注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，应用所给单词和短语。写作中注意标点符号及大小写等问题，不要犯语法错误。


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