资源简介

(共33张PPT)
Module 5
Balance and harmony
Unit 1 Getting along with others
Guangde No.3 Middle School
The fifth period
本单元的Grammar主要讲的是不定式和动名词的用法。目的在于让学生了解动词不定式在句中的六个主要作用以及否定式、完成式、进行式、一般式被动、完成式被动、不定式复合结构。第二个语法内容是动名词在句中的四个功能和否定式、完成式、一般式被动、完成式被动、动名词复合结构。
设计思路：
在课件的开始用一个flash(过山车)作为导入激发学生的兴趣,由此展开对动词不定式的学习。在整个过程中，始终坚持先练后讲的原则，在实践中由学生自己总结，老师再作适当的补充。作为高二的学生，适当了解一些高考题考查该语法的热点和考点是十分必要的。


To-infinitive
Part 1
To-infinitive

1.to do as a subject
The cat said, “To take roller coaster is terrible ”.

不定式短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首，但在很多情况下，尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中，往往放在谓语之后，而用先行代词it作形式主语。
The cat said, “It’s terrible to take roller coaster.”
How long did it take you to take roller coaster?
How terrible it is to take roller coaster!
过山车. wmv
不定式作主语常见句型：
a) It is + adj. (easy, important,
difficult…) + 不定式
b) It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, one’s duty, a shame…) + 不定式
c) It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience…) + 不定式
It requires patience to be a good teacher.
It’s my duty to teach you how to
be a student of Nanjing No.3 Middle School.
2.to do as a predictive
Our most important task now is to make a plan.
当句子的主语是aim, idea, policy, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。
注：作表语的不定式都带to，但当主语部分有实义动词do时，to可以省略。
Now the only thing we can do is wait.
3.to do as an object
The cat said “Remember not to
take it next time!” (Tips:不定式否定为not to)
a) 可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多，如agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish
天津卷12题：I don’t want _____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.
A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded
当不定式短语比宾补长时，往往将
不定式放到宾补后，而用先行代词it
作形式宾语，常用动词有feel, think, find, believe, consider, make等。
The cat felt it terrible to take roller coaster.
b) 只有少数介词如but, except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to，但如果but或except所在句子里的谓语动词含有do, does, did时，通常省略to。
We have no choice but to wait.
Cf. We can do nothing but wait.
4. to do as an object complement
You should get them to help you .
(They will help you.)
They believed him to be honest.
(He was honest.)
(常用谓语动词有: get,ask,force, order, tell, invite, allow, wish, want,like ,expect,advise , beg等。)
但在谓语动词believe, find , think, feel, consider, suppose, imagine, prove 等后面 跟to be…作宾补,不跟to do…
The boss made her work long hours.
主语 谓语 宾语 宾补
She
主语
was made
谓语
to work
主补
long hours (by her boss).
全国卷(I)No.18
While watching television, ______.
A. The doorbell rang
B. The doorbell rings
C. We heard the doorbell ring
D. We heard the doorbell rings
福建卷No.23
If anyone happens to drop in while I’m out, _____ him or her leave a message.
A. have B. get C. ask D.tell
Tips:有些动词后面须接不带to
的不定式做宾语补足语,常用的动词有:
make,let,have,see; hear,watch,notice,feel; look at, listen to; help, observe 等,
但是句子变成被动语态后, 不定式成为句子的主语补足语,需带to.
I would rather ____ (go) swimming.
You had better ______ (tidy) your bedroom.
Why not ______ (visit) your cousin in Japan?
go
tidy
visit
Tips:有些句型后面须接不带to的不定式。
She told me _______(be) cheerful and ______(look) on the bright side.
We had nothing ______(do) but _____(watch) TV.
to be
look
to do
watch
Tips: 当两个不定式and, or, except, but, than或rather than连接起来时，第二个不定式符号省略。
5. to do as an attributive
①能带不定式作宾语的动词，其同源名词可以带不定式作定语。常见的有
attempt, decision, promise, plan等
He has not kept his promise _________(write) to his parents regularly.
不定式可以在句子充当后置定语，修饰名词。以下几类情况常用不定式作定语：
She made a decision ______(go)abroad for a year.
to write
to go
②常与不定式搭配的形容词，其
同源名词一般可以用不定式作定语。
常见的有ability, determination, anxiety, eagerness等
His eagerness to finish his
homework was quite clear.
③序数词,形容词最高级或被only, last, next等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语。
She was the only person to survive after the earthquake.
Tips: 不定式在作定语时，有时与被修饰的名词有意义上的主谓关系、同位关系、动宾关系，如果该不定式是不及物动词，它后面需要加上适当介词。
He’s always the first to come and
the last to leave. (=The first comes and the last leaves.)(主谓关系)
I have no time to listen to your excuse. (同位关系)
She has a meeting to attend. （=attend a meeting)
There’s nothing to worry about. (=worry about nothing)(动宾关系)
6. to do as an adverbial不定式可以作状语，
表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。
①so as to (不能放句首), to, in order to作目的状语
辽宁卷22题：All these gifts must be mailed
immediately _____ in time for Christmas.
in order to have received B. in order to receive
C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving
②在so…as to, such…as to, only to …结构中不定式作结果状语，其中only to…用于表示意想不到的结果。
He hurried to the station only ___ that the train had gone.
A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found
③enough to, too…to结构
The boy isn’t old enough to go to school.
= The boy is too young to go to school.
④形容词（glad, happy , lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever等）+ 不定式结构作原因状语
I’m glad to meet you.
7. 作插入语，用来说明说话人的
态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释，
如to be frank（坦白地说），to be sure（确实）等。
To tell you the truth, I hate you.
8. 作同位语
The order to start the general attack soon came.
不定式复合结构:以it为形式主语或形式宾语引导的复合结构，如前面的形容词指行为的性质就用：for sb. to do sth.这种复合结构在句中可作主、表、宾、定、状等。
It is necessary for us to go there.(主语)
There is no need for him to leave.(定语)
My suggestion is for you to do the job.(表语)
如果该形容词是指行为的性质，同时又指行为的人，则用of sb. to do sth.。这种句式中的常用形容词有：right, wrong, brave, careful, careless, clever, wise, stupid, cruel, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, silly等。
It’s very kind of you to come to see me.
It was foolish of him to believe her.
I think it wise of her not to accept their offer.
Tips:连接代（副）词+不定式（包括whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, （不包括why/if），在句中起名词作用，通常跟在tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder, explain等动词后作主、宾或表语。
No one can tell me where to find John.
When to the exam is still unknown.
The problem is how to get enough money.
不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式
①不定式的进行式：to be + V-ing, 用来表示谓语动词动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行。
Some students pretended to be reading
English when the teacher came in.
②不定式完成式：to have + V-ed
构成，用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。
2005年江苏卷No.25
--- Is Bob still performing?
--- I’m afraid not. He is said _______ the stage already as he has become an official.
A. to have left B. to leave
C. to have been D. to be left
2006年四川卷No.26
The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _____ in Beijing in 2008.
A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held
The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示
的动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动语态。
③不定式的被动式分为一般式被动to be V-ed和完成式被动to have been V-ed
The question is difficult to answer.
=The question is difficult for me to answer.
=It is difficult for me to answer the question.
He is hard to get along with.
=It is hard to get along with him.
表语
主语
宾语
不定式
宾语补足语
定语
状语
Homework:
1. P.9 Fill in the blankets, using to-infinitives.
2. P.92 C1 Answer the questions using to-infinitives.
Good staying with you!
The end !

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