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初中英语必考八大时态结构及用法详解
时态无疑是初中英语最重要的语法内容，学好时态基本就拿下了语法的半壁江山。今天总结的八种时态是大家在初中阶段必学必考的，期末复习时一定要加倍重视哦！
1
一般现在时
标志：动词原形
1.
表示经常性或习惯性动作，常与表频度的时间状语连用：
She
often
speaks
English.
I
leave
home
for
school
at
7
every
morning.
2.
表示现在的状态、特征、职业、能力、感觉等：
He
seems
to
feel
a
bit
down
today.
He
works
as
a
driver.
3.
?表示真理、客观存在、科学事实或用于格言警句中：
Shanghai
lies
in
the
east
of
China.
Columbus
proved
that
the
earth
is
round.
Where
there
is
a
will,
there
is
a
way.
4.
表示现在瞬间的动作：
Here
comes
the
bus!
5.?
表示将来1)
表按规定、计划、安排将要发生的动作（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的趋向动词），可以与表示未来的时间状语搭配使用。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通状况。如：
The
next
train
leaves
at
3
o’clock
this
afternoon.
How
often
does
the
shuttle
bus
run?
2)
在时间和条件状语从句中常使用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情：
When
Bill
comes
(不用will
come),
ask
him
to
wait
for
me.
I
shall
go
there
tomorrow
unless
I’m
too
busy.
2
一般过去时
标志：动词过去式
闭音节：元音字母a,
e,
i,
o,
u如果发字母本来的音则称为开音节，否则称为闭音节。
1.
表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用（e.g.
yesterday,
this
morning,
just
now,
a
moment
ago,
in
May,
last
night
/
year
/
week,
once
upon
a
time,
the
other
day,
before
…,
when
…,
in
the
past等）。如：
Jim
rang
you
just
now.
Liu
Ying
was
in
America
last
year.
2.
表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，特别是used
to
do表达的句型，本身表示的就是过去常常。如：
When
I
was
a
kid,
I
often
played
football
in
the
street.
She
used
to
visit
her
mother
once
a
week.
注意区分sb.
used
to
do
sth.（某人过去常常做某事，此处to是动词不定式标志符号）和sb.
be
used
to
sth./doing
sth.（某人习惯于某物/做某事，此处to是介词）。
3.
代替一般现在时，表示一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。此用法仅适用于少数动词（如want,
hope,
wonder,
think,
intend等）及情态动词could,
would。如：
I
wondered
if
you
could
have
a
word
with
me.
I
hoped
you
could
help
me
with
my
English.
Would
you
mind
my
sitting
here?
4.
?虚拟语气中用一般过去时表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态。常用句型有：
It
is
time
that
sb.
did
sth.
“某人该做某事了”
would
rather
sb.
did
sth.
“宁愿某人做某事”
3
一般将来时
标志：will
/
shall
+
动词原形
1.
表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，通常与表示将来的时间状语连用（e.g.
tomorrow,
next
week,
in
the
future等）。如：
We
shall
have
a
lot
of
rain
next
month.
My
husband
will
come
back
in
a
few
days.
2.
?表示倾向性和习惯性：
Fish
will
die
without
water.
When
it
gets
warmer,
the
snow
will
start
to
melt.
3.
?一般将来时的几种句式结构辨析：1)
will
/
shall
+
动词原形多用于表达主观愿望或必定会发生的事情（“将会如何”）
shall作助动词时一般只用于第一人称
2)
be
going
to
+
动词原形表示即将发生或打算要做的事：
It
is
going
to
rain.
We
are
going
to
have
a
meeting
today.
3)
be
to
+
动词原形表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作：
He
is
to
visit
Japan
next
year.
We
are
to
discuss
the
report
on
Monday.
4)?
be
about
to
+
动词原形表示即将发生的动作，意为“马上要做某事”，后面一般不跟时间状语，如：
The
plane
is
about
to
start.
Don’t
worry.
I
am
about
to
make
a
close
examination
on
you.
4
现在进行时
标志：be
+
动词的现在分词
1.
?表示说话时正在进行的动作：
She
is
writing
a
letter
upstairs.
Who
are
you
waiting
for?
It
is
raining
hard.
2.
?表示现阶段一直在进行的动作（说话时动作未必正在进行）：
I
hear
Mr.
Green
is
writing
another
novel.
3.
?表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，往往包含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情绪，通常与always,
constantly,
continually,
forever等频度副词连用。如：
John
is
forever
asking
silly
questions
like
a
stupid.
He
is
always
thinking
of
others
first.
4.
表示将来
1)?
表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作，仅适用于部分趋向动词（如go,
come,
leave,
start,
arrive等）。如：
Uncle
Wang
is
coming.
They're
leaving
for
Beijing.
2)?
在时间和条件状语从句中，现在进行时表示将来某时正在发生的事情。如：
Please
drop
in
when
you
are
passing
my
way.
If
he
is
still
sleeping,
don’t
wake
him
up.
5
过去进行时
标志：was
/
were
+
动词的现在分词
1.
?表示过去某一时刻或一段时间正在进行的动作，过去进行时中常用的时间状语有the
whole
morning,
all
day
yesterday,
from
January
to
March
last
year等。如：
I
was
having
a
talk
with
Lucy
at
that
time.
They
were
watching
TV
at
home
last
night.
2.
?表示过去反复出现或习惯性的动作，往往包含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情绪，通常与always,
constantly,
continually,
forever等频度副词连用。如：
My
brother
was
always
losing
his
keys.
3.
?表示按计划、安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作，仅适用于部分趋向动词（如go,
come,
leave,
start,
arrive等）。如：
He
said
they
were
leaving
for
Beijing
this
afternoon.
4.
?过去进行时有一个主要用法就是描述一件事情发生的背景（一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生）：
Granny
fell
asleep
when
she
was
reading.
It
was
raining
when
they
left
the
station.
6
现在完成时
标志：have
/
has
+
动词的过去分词
1.
表示一个过去发生并已完成的动作对现在产生影响或结果，强调的是现在的状况（表示“已完成”）。如：
He
has
left
the
city.
（结果：他目前不在这个城市）
Someone
has
broken
the
window.
（结果：窗户破了）
2.
表示一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也可能还会继续持续下去（表示“未完成”）。
I
have
been
busy
since
last
week.
He
has
taught
in
our
school
for
30
years.
I’ve
finished
half
so
far.
注意
瞬间动词通常是不能用现在完成时表持续性的，但其否定结构则可以。如：
She
hasn’t
seen
you
for
ages.
His
father
hasn’t
touched
beer
for
a
whole
week.
3.
表示过去到现在为止反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态，常与表示频度的副词always,
often,
every
day等连用。如：
I
have
often
heard
that
he
is
the
cleverest
person
in
that
company.
4.
在时间和条件状语从句中，现在完成时表示将来某时完成的动作。如：
I’ll
go
to
your
home
when
I
have
finished
my
homework.
If
it
has
stopped
snowing
in
the
morning,
we’ll
go
the
park.
5.
与现在完成时连用的常见词语能与现在完成时连用的词语很多，just,
already,
yet,
before,
never,
ever,
recently等，但常见的有：
1)
since
自从
I
have
been
there
many
times
since
the
war.
We
haven’t
seen
each
other
since
last
week.
We
have
been
friends
ever
since.
2)
in
/
for
/
during
the
past/last
…
years
在过去/最近…中
I’ve
been
ill
for
the
past
three
weeks.
Great
changes
have
take
place
in
the
last
ten
years.
I
have
been
here
(for)
the
last/past
month.
3)
so
far
到目前为止
We
haven’t
had
any
trouble
so
far.
So
far
the
search
for
the
missing
middle-aged
woman
has
been
fruitless.
4)?
up
to/until
now
到现在为止
Up
to
now
he’s
been
quiet.
Up
to
now,
the
work
has
been
easy.
I
have
heard
nothing
from
him
up
till
now.
Up
till
now
we
have
planted
over
2000
trees.
5)?
It
is/will
be
the
first/second
…
time
that
…
这是第一/二…次…
It’s
the
first
time
(that)
I’ve
been
here.
It
will
be
the
first
time
(that)
I’ve
spoken
in
public.
It
is
the
second
time
(that)
I
have
met
him
today.
6)?
This
is
+
形容词最高级
+
that
…
这是最…
This
is
the
best
film
that
I’ve
(ever)
seen.
6.
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1)
现在完成时强调对现在的影响和结果，与现在有联系；而一般过去时强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去，不涉及对现在的影响。如：
I
have
seen
this
film.
（我已经看过了这部电影）
I
saw
this
film
yesterday.
（我是昨天看的这部电影）
2)
现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用（如for,
since,
so
far,
ever,
never,
just,
yet,
till/until,
up
to
now,
always等），或者干脆没有时间状语；而一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用（如yesterday,
last
night,
…ago,
in
1980,
in
February等）。
3)
现在完成时表示持续时一般使用延续性动词（如live,
teach,
work,
know等）；而一般过去时常使用瞬间动词（如begin,
buy,
die,
marry等）。如：
He
has
lived
in
Hangzhou
since
last
spring.
My
grandfather
bought
the
car
five
years
ago.
7.
易错点辨析
1)?
考生容易把一些瞬间动词用现在完成时表达，这是错误的。如：
(×)
He
has
died
for
two
years.
他死了两年了。
(√)
He
has
been
dead
for
two
years.
(√)
He
died
two
years
ago.
(×)
The
film
has
begun
for
10
minutes.
电影开演十分钟了。
(√)
The
film
has
been
on
for
10
minutes.
(√)
The
film
began
10
minutes
ago.
(×)
She
has
married
for
three
years.
她结婚有三年了。
(√)
She
has
been
married
for
three
years.
(√)
She
married
Mike
three
years
ago.
2)
考生不懂如何区分have
been
to和have
gone
to，尽管两者均可后接地点，但have
been
to表示去过某地（现在已经回来了），have
gone
to表示到某地去了（现在还没回来）。如：
She
has
been
to
Paris
(three
times).
She
has
gone
to
Paris.
7
过去完成时
标志：had
+
动词的过去分词
1.
表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。如：
By
the
end
of
last
week
he
had
finished
the
work.
He
had
left
when
I
arrived.
2.
?表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。如：
We
had
not
seen
each
other
since
I
left
Beijing.
The
film
had
been
on
for
5
minutes
when
I
got
to
the
cinema.
3.
某些表意向的动词（如intend,
think,
plan,
expect,
hope等）的过去完成时表示主语未曾实现的愿望、希望、打算。如：
I
had
intended
to
visit
you
last
night,
but
someone
called
and
I
couldn’t
get
away.
We
had
hoped
that
you
would
come,
but
you
didn’t.
4.
（虚拟语气）在条件状体从句或wish
/
would
rather等后面的从句中，使用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的主观愿望。如：
The
party
wouldn’t
have
been
so
perfect
if
you
hadn’t
come.
I
wish
I
had
gone
with
you
to
the
concert
that
day.
5.?
过去完成时与一般过去时
1)
基本区别：过去完成时表示以过去某时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态，即过去完成时强调“过去的过去”，而一般过去时只表示以现在时间为起点以前所发生的事情或存在的状态。如：
He
studied
there
two
years
ago.他两年前在那儿学习（离现在两年）
He
said
he
had
studied
there
two
years
before.他说他两年前在那儿学习过。（离他说话时两年）
2)
特别注意：两个动作如果按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或者用then,
and,
but等连词连接时，多用一般过去时。如：
When
she
saw
the
mouse,
she
screamed.
My
aunt
gave
me
a
hat
and
I
lost
it.
8
过去将来时
标志：would
+
动词原形
1.
表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，一般用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。如：
He
said
he
would
come
here
next
Friday.
I
knew
that
he
would
help
us
when
we
were
in
trouble.
2.
表示过去的动作习惯或倾向：
The
old
man
would
sit
on
a
bench
in
the
quite
park
for
hours
without
doing
anything.
When
I
worked
on
that
farm,
I
would
get
up
at
5
am.
3.
用于虚拟语气中：
If
I
were
you,
I
would
not
do
that.
If
he
were
here,
he
would
show
us
how
to
do
it.
4.
过去将来时的其他形式1)?
was
/
were
going
to
+
动词原形。如：
He
told
us
that
he
was
going
to
attend
the
meeting.
She
said
that
I
was
going
to
be
sent
to
meet
her
at
the
railway
station.
2)
was
/
were
to
+
动词原形。如：
The
building
was
to
be
completed
next
month.
Li
Lei
was
to
arrive
soon.
3)?
was
/
were
about
to
+
动词原形。如：
We
were
about
to
leave
there
when
it
began
to
rain
heavily
and
suddenly.
He
was
about
to
have
lunch
when
the
bell
rang.

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