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2021届高三英语二轮(新高考)复习专项导练：定语从句
定语从句是高中英语三大类从句中最难的一类，其难点主要在于很多学生在学习时分不清先行词，不能正确使用关系代词、关系副词。因此在学习定语从句时，务必搞清定语从句的概念、关系词的正确选择和使用情况等。
2021年新高考定语从句的考查还将是对关系代词和关系副词的考查，并且仍将不会仅单纯考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。对于定语从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：
1.引导限制性定语从句的关系词；
2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词；
3.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；
4.介词+关系代词的用法；
5.不定代词/数词+of
which/whom引导的非限制性定语从句及其该结构与并列句的判断；
6.关系词之间的异同现象及选用。
一、关系代词一览表
关系词
先行词
从句成分
例句
备注
关系代词
who
人
主语
Do
you
know
the
man
who
is
talking
with
your
mother?
whom，which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that
whom
人
宾语
Mr.
Smith
is
the
person
with
whom
I
am
working.
The
boy(whom)
she
loved
died
in
the
war.
whose
人/物
定语
I
like
those
books
whose
topics
are
about
history.
The
boy
whose
father
works
abroad
is
my
desk
mate.
that
人/物
主语
宾语
A
plane
is
a
machine
that
can
fly.
She
is
the
pop
star(that)
I
want
to
see
very
much.
which
物
主语
宾语
The
book(which)
I
gave
you
was
worth
$10.
The
picture
which
was
about
the
accident
was
terrible.
as
人/物
主语
宾语
He
is
such
a
person
as
is
respected
by
all
of
us.
This
is
the
same
pen
as
I
lost
yesterday.
as做宾语一般不省略
关系副词
when
时间
时间状语
I
will
never
forget
the
day
when
we
met
there.
可用on
which
where
地点
地点状语
This
is
the
house
where
I
was
born.
可用in
which
why
原因
原因状语
I
can’t
imagine
the
reason
why
he
turned
down
my
offer.
可用for
which
二、that与which，who，whom的用法区别
1.
that和which的用法区别
在定语从句中，关系代词which和that都可指物，一般情况下，可以互换使用。但在下列情况下值得注意：
（1）只能用that而不能用which的情形：
①当先行词为：all，little，few，much，none及some-，any-，no-，every-与thing所组成的复合单词时，只能用that。如：There
is
nothing
that
will
stop
us
making
progress.
②当先行词前面有only，some，any，no，every，little，few，much，all，very等形容词修饰时，只能用that。
如：This
is
the
only
problem
that
we
can’t
work
out.
③当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能用that。
如：This
is
the
most
interesting
book
that
I
have
ever
read.
④当先行词同时包括人和物时，只能用that。
如：Lu
Xun
and
his
works
that
we
are
familiar
with
are
considered
great.
⑤当先行词在定语从句中作表语时，只能用that。
如：This
is
a
book
that
I
have
been
looking
for
since
last
week.
⑥当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时，只能用that。
如：Which
is
the
picture
that
you
drew
yesterday?
（2）只能用which而不能用that的情形：
①当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时，只能用which。
如：The
pencil-case,
which
I
bought
last
week,
is
missing.
②关系代词前面有介词时，只能用which。
如：The
tree
under
which
we
used
to
take
a
rest
has
been
cut
down.
③先行词为代词that或that所修饰时，只能用which。
如：I
don’t
take
that
which
is
too
expensive.
2.
who(whom)和that的用法区别详解
在定语从句中，关系代词who(whom)和that都可指人和物，在一般情况下，可以互换使用，但在下列情况下值得注意：
（1）用who(whom)而不用that的情形
①在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时，只能用who(whom)。
如：My
sister,
who
is
studying
abroad,
sent
me
a
beautiful
present
just
before
this
Christmas.
②当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时，只能用who(whom)。
如：Do
you
know
the
girl
in
front
of
the
blackboard
who
is
speaking
to
the
students?
③当先行词为people和those时，只能用who(whom)。
如：Those
who
want
to
go
there
come
here
please.
④当先行词为one，ones，anyone，everyone，none，all（指人）时，只能用who(whom)。
如：Anyone
who
is
against
us
is
our
enemy.
⑤先行词指人，而关系代词在从句中作主语时，一般多用who。
如：The
man
who
came
here
yesterday
said
he
would
come
again
in
a
few
days.
⑥在there
be句型中名词作先行词的定语从句多用于关系代词who(whom)。
如：There
are
students
in
our
class
who/whom
you
have
not
met.
⑦当句子中两个指人的先行词分别带有两个定语从句时，若一个定语从句的引导词为that，那么，另一个定语从句的引导词必定为who。
如：The
boy
that
you
met
just
now
is
Li
Ming’s
brother
who
just
graduated
from
a
university.
（2）用that而不用who(whom)的情形
①当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，引导词只能用that。
如：The
tallest
player
that
plays
football
for
our
team
is
from
Shandong.
②当先行词前面有only，some，any，no，every，little，few，much，all，very等形容词修饰时，引导词只能用that。
如：He
is
the
only
student
that
said
“no”
to
the
teacher.
③当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时，引导词只能用that。
如：Who
is
woman
that
you
talked
with
just
now?
④the
same
as与the
same
that
the
same
as所引导定语从句的内容与先行词同类而不同物；the
same
that表示所引导的从句内容与先行词同类同物，即：同一事物。如：
She
is
wearing
the
same
coat
that
I
lost
a
few
days
ago.
她正穿着我几天前所丢失的上衣。（暗含：她偷了我的上衣）
She
is
wearing
the
same
coat
as
I
lost
a
few
days
ago.
她正穿着跟我几天前所丢失的上衣同样的上衣。（暗含：她所穿的上衣不是我所丢失的那一件）
三、关系副词引导的定语从句
1、关系副词一览表
关系副词
when
时间
时间状语
I
will
never
forget
the
day
when
we
met
there.
可用on
which
where
地点
地点状语
This
is
the
house
where
I
was
born.
可用in
which
why
原因
原因状语
I
can’t
imagine
the
reason
why
he
turned
down
my
offer.
可用for
which
四、“介词+关系代词”以及关系副词引导的定语从句
1.概述
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句多用于正式文体，使用的关系代词一般是which。whom既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句。常见的有以下几种结构：
（1）介词+关系代词
Mandela
was
the
black
lawyer
to
whom
I
went
for
advice.=Mandela
was
the
black
lawyer
whom
I
went
to
for
advice.
（2）名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词
Last
Sunday
I
bought
some
books
from
the
bookstore,
three
of
which
were
English
novels.
=Last
Sunday
I
bought
some
books
from
the
bookstore,
of
which
three
were
English
novels.
（3）形容词最高级+介词+关系代词
China
has
thousands
of
islands,
the
largest
of
which
is
Taiwan.
（4）介词+关系代词+名词
I
called
him
by
the
wrong
name,
for
which
mistake
I
apologized.
我叫错了他的名字，为此我向他表示了歉意。（不能使用whose）
2.关系代词的选择
用于“介词+关系代词”结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom，指物时只能用which，即介词+which/whom。
一、单句语法填空
1.（2020·全国I卷）China
first
had
to
put
a
satellite
in
orbit
above
the
moon
in
a
spot
it
could
send
signals
to
the
spacecraft
and
to
Earth.
2.（2020·全国III卷）In
ancient
China
lived
an
artist
paintings
were
almost
lifelike.
3.（2019·浙江卷）On
the
edge
of
the
jacket,
there
is
a
piece
of
cloth
gives
off
light
in
the
dark.
4.（2019·全国Ⅱ卷）Now
Irene
Astbury
works
from
9am
to
5pm
daily
at
the
pet
shop
in
Macclesfield,
__________
she
opened
with
her
late
husband
Les.
5.（2019·全国Ⅲ卷）They
were
well
trained
by
their
masters
__________
had
great
experience
with
caring
for
these
animals.
6.（2018·全国II卷）When
the
government
started
a
soil-testing
program
_______
gives
specific
fertilizer
recommendations
to
farmers
—
and
2011,
fertilizer
use
dropped
by
7.7
million
tons.
7.（2018·浙江）Many
westerners
______
come
to
China
cook
much
less
than
in
their
own
countries
once
they
realize
how
cheap
it
can
be
to
eat
out.
8.
He
is
the
only
person
in
his
company
___________
is
invited
to
the
party.
9.
Do
you
know
the
reason
________
she
refused
the
invitation?
10.
We
are
living
in
an
age
___________
the
society
develops
rapidly.
11.
Dr.
Rowan,
______
secretary
resigned
two
weeks
ago,
has
had
to
do
all
his
own
typing.
12.
Many
lessons
are
now
available
online,
from
_____
students
can
choose
for
free.
13.
We
have
entered
into
an
age
_______
dreams
have
the
best
chance
of
coming
true.
14.
Self-driving
is
an
area
______
China
and
the
rest
of
the
world
are
on
the
same
starting
line.
15.
After
graduating
from
college,
I
took
some
time
off
to
go
travelling,
turned
out
to
be
a
wise
decision.
6.
As
a
child,
Jack
studied
in
a
village
school,
is
named
after
his
grandfather.
17.
Whenever
I
met
her,
was
fairly
often,
she
greeted
me
with
a
sweet
smile.
18.
She
brought
with
her
three
friends,
none
of
I
had
ever
met
before.
19.
Mozart’s
birthplace
and
the
house
he
composed
“The
Magic
Flute”
are
both
museums
now.
20.
She’ll
never
forget
her
stay
there
she
found
her
son
who
had
gone
missing
two
years
before.
二、语法填空
Once
upon
a
time,
there
was
a
king
in
a
big,
rich
country.
The
king
was
quite
fond
of
21
(travel).
However,
he
didn’t
like
to
travel
in
his
own
country.
Instead
he
went
to
other
22
(country).
One
day,
he
gathered
his
army
to
go
to
a
23
(distance)
country.
After
walking
for
the
whole
morning
in
the
forest,
the
king
and
his
soldiers
made
camp
24
(have)
a
rest.
The
horses
were
also
tired,
so
they
25
(feed)
on
peas.
A
monkey
saw
the
peas,
so
he
jumped
down
from
the
tree
to
get
some
of
them.
While
he
26
(eat),
one
pea
fell
from
his
hand
to
the
ground.
The
greedy
monkey
dropped
all
the
peas
he
had
and
ran
down
to
look
for
the
pea,
27
he
failed.
The
king
was
watching
the
monkey
fro
the
camp
and
said
to
28
(he),
“I
should
not
be
like
this
stupid
monkey
29
lost
so
much
to
gain
so
little.
I
will
go
back
to
my
own
country
and
enjoy
what
I
have.”
Thus,
the
king
and
his
army
marched
30
to
their
own
country.
语法填空
A
girl
who
has
a
gift
for
drawing
I
went
to
an
exhibition
last
month,
31
I
admired
a
lot
of
wonderful
paintings.
Mary,
32
drawings
were
shown
at
the
exhibition,
is
a
model
student
33
is
often
praised
for
her
good
work
at
school.
As
soon
as
we
got
into
the
exhibition
hall
34
the
paintings
were
on
show,
our
eyes
were
caught
by
a
very
large
picture
35
was
hung
on
the
wall
in
front
of
us.
The
horse
36
was
drawn
in
the
picture
was
exactly
like
a
real
horse.
The
man
37
was
riding
on
it
looked
like
a
living
man.
It
was
the
best
picture
38
I
had
ever
seen,
and
I
should
say
Mary
is
the
best
young
painter
39
I
have
ever
heard
of.
However,
you
will
be
quite
mistaken
if
you
think
that
Mary
was
born
a
good
painter.
One
of
her
teachers
told
me
that
it
had
taken
Mary
thousands
of
hours
to
learn
and
practise
drawing
before
she
became
the
best
young
painter
40
has
ever
been
heard
of
in
her
hometown.
But
if
you
say
that
she
has
learned
to
be
so
good
at
drawing
only
by
working
hard
at
it,
I
will
certainly
agree
with
you.
语法填空
A
The
12th
China
Arts
Festival
will
bring
a
series
of
art
41
(activity)
to
the
Chinese
economic
and
art
center,
Shanghai.
From
May
20
to
June
2,
more
than
50
shows
42
(select)
nationwide
will
be
performed
in
nineteen
major
theaters
in
Shanghai,
and
a
fine
selection
of
creative
cultural
products
will
43
(show)
at
the
Shanghai
Exhibition
Center.
The
festival
will
include
44
(vary)
art
forms,
such
as
opera
dancing,
painting
and
photography.
The
2019
edition
is
co-organized
by
the
ministry
of
Culture
and
Tourism
and
the
Shanghai
municipal
government(市政府).
Since
45
(it)
beginning
in
1987,
the
festival
46
(change)
host
cities
in
each
edition,
travelling
to
areas
including
Beijing,
Sichuan,
Jiangsu,
Zhejiang
and
Hubei
over
the
past
three
decades.
Sales
of
tickets
have
opened
online,
with
tickets
priced
from
no
cost
47
380
yuan,
according
to
the
organizers.
To
allow
a
much
48
(large)
number
of
audience
to
access
the
programs,
the
festival
will
also
be
broadcast
live
online.
“We
will
use
new
media
to
bring
the
shows
to
more
ordinary
people,
49
will
let
them
know
more
about
the
modern
development
of
Chinese
arts.”
said
Zhu
Di,
head
of
the
ministry’s
arts
department.
This
year’s
festival
is
also
aimed
at
50
(promote)
tourism
in
Shanghai
with
arts.
The
local
government
has
released
a
total
of
40
culture-themed
travel
routes
to
guide
visitors
through
Shanghai’s
well-known
landmarks.
B
Does
City
Living
Hurt
Mental
Health?
People
often
move
to
cities
51
better
jobs
and
more
cultural
activities.
But
are
they
putting
52
at
risk?
Maybe.
Experts
at
the
American
Psychiatry
Association
say
that
“natural
environments
or
green
spaces”
do
much
for
good
our
mental
health
and
53
(experience)
nature
helps
people
recover
from
the
mental
tiredness
that
comes
from
day-to-day
work.
On
the
other
hand,
54
they
cannot
say
exactly
why,
mental
health
experts
say
some
research
suggests
that
city
living
might
hurt
our
mental
health.
Andrea
Mechelli
is
a
doctor
with
the
Institute
of
Psychiatry
at
Kings
College,
London.
“There
have
been
studies
55
people
were
taken
out
of
an
urban
environment
into
a
rural
environment,
and
their
symptoms
would
improve.
And
we
also
see
that
the
greater
the
city
the
greater
the
risk.”
Kings
College
researchers,
along
with
city
planners
and
land
and
building
designers
hoped
56
(learn)
more
about
city
living
and
mental
illness.
So,
they
created
a
smartphone
app
called
Urban
Mind.
They
say
they
wanted
to
understand
57
different
parts
of
the
urban
environment
affect
mental
wellbeing.
The
Urban
Mind
app
58
your
experience
of
city
living
in
the
moment.
Researchers
collected
real
time
information
from
108
people,
who
answered
just
over
3,000
questions
during
a
one-week
period.
The
researchers
found
that
being
outdoors,
seeing
trees,
hearing
birdsong,
seeing
the
sky,
and
feeling
in
contact
with
nature
59
(associate)
with
higher
levels
of
mental
well-being.
They
also
found
that
these
seeming
effects
of
nature
were
especially
strong
in
those
individuals
at
greater
risk
of
mental
health
problems.
The
Urban
Mind
Project
team
says
it
hopes
“the
results
will
inform
future
urban
planning
and
social
policy
60
(intend)
to
improve
design
and
health”.
参考答案
一、单句语法填空
1.【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知，从句“it
could
send
signals
to
the
spacecraft
and
to
Earth”不缺主谓宾，缺状语，而先行词spot为地点，故填where。
2.【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
3.【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
4.【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the
pet
shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。
5.【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
6.【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。
7.【答案】who/that
【解析】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners，指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。
8.【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：他是他公司里唯一一个被邀请参加聚会的人。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词person，且先行词前有the
only修饰，所以填that。
9.【答案】why
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：你知道她拒绝邀请的理由吗？分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the
reason，且定语从句中缺少原因状语，所以填why。
10.【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：我们生活在一个社会快速发展的时代。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是an
age，且定语从句中缺少时间状语，所以填when。
11.【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。“______
secretary
resigned
two
weeks
ago”是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr.
Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“……的”，应用关系代词whose引导该从句。
12.【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many
lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。
13.【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个人人有最大可能实现梦想的时代。句中先行词为an
age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中作时间状语，所以关系词用when。
14.【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：无人驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都站在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in
which。
15.【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。从句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句，在从句中作主语，因此用which引导从句。
16.【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词a
village
school在从句中作主语，因此用which引导从句。
17.【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，定语从句插人在主句中间，因此用which引导从句。
18.【答案】whom
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。指人的先行词her
three
friends在从句中作介词of的宾语，因此用whom引导从句。
19.【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词the
house在从句中作地点状语，简单句是：he
composed
“The
Magic
Flute”
in
the
house，因此用where引导从句。
20.【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词her
stay在从句she
found
her
son中作时间状语。She
found
her
son
during
her
stay
there，因此用when引导从句。
语法填空
【答案】
21.
traveling/travelling
22.
countries
23.
distant
24.
to
have
25.
were
fed
26.
was
eating
27.
but
28.
himself
29.
who/that
30.
back
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。这篇文章主要讲了一位总是热衷于去别国旅行的国王，在旅行途中，看到一只贪婪的猴子因小失大，从中吸取教训，返回自己国家的故事。
21.考查固定用法。be
fond
of
doing：喜爱做某事，是固定用法，故填traveling/travelling。
22.考查名词单复数。这句话的意思是他反而喜欢去其他国家。被other修饰，“其他国家”是复数意义，所以用名词复数形式，故填countries。
23.考查形容词。作定语修饰名词country，所以用形容词，故填distant。
24.考查不定式。句意：为了休息，这个国王和他的士兵扎营。表示目的，所以用不定式，故填to
have。
25.考查语态。这里they指的是The
horses，“马”和“喂食”之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态；发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以这里应该用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were
fed。
26.考查时态。句意：当它正在吃的时候，一粒豌豆从它的手里落到地上。表示过去正在做某事，用过去进行时，故填was
eating。
27.考查连词。句意：这只贪婪的猴子扔掉所有它拥有的豌豆，跑到树下寻找丢失的那粒豌豆，但是它没找到。表示转折关系，故填but。
28.考查反身代词。由下文内容可判断出这位国王是在自言自语，对自己说话，故填himself。
29.考查定语从句。空格所在句是一个定语从句，修饰先行词this
stupid
monkey，空格处需要填一个关系词，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，故填who/that。
30.考查副词。句意：因此，这个国王和他的部队回到了他们自己的国家。表示“回到……”，故填back。
语法填空
【答案】
31.
where
32.
whose
33.
who/that
34.
where
35.
that/which
36.
that/
which
37.
who/that
38.
that
39.
that
40.
that
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者去看画展的一次经历。
31.考查非限制性定语从句关系副词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为an
exhibition，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，意为“在那里”。故填where。
32.考查非限制性定语从句关系代词。句意：玛丽的画作在展览会上展出，她是一个模范学生，经常因为她在学校的出色表现而受到表扬。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Mary，关系代词whose在从句中作定语，表示所有关系。故填whose。
33.考查定语从句关系代词。先行词为a
model
student，关系代词who/that在从句中作主语，指人。故填who/that。
34.考查定语从句关系副词。句意：当我们进入展览大厅的时候，我们的眼睛被挂在我们面前墙上的巨幅画吸引住了。先行词为the
exhibition
hall，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
35.考查定语从句关系代词。先行词为picture，关系代词that/
which在从句中作主语，指物。故填that/which。
36.考查定语从句关系代词。句意：画中的马和真正的马一模一样。先行词为The
horse，关系代词that/which在从句中作主语，指物。故填that/which。
37.考查定语从句关系代词。句意：骑在上面的人看起来像个活人。先行词为The
man，关系代词who/that在从句中作主语，指人。故填who/that。
38.考查定语从句关系代词。句意：这是我见过的最好的画，我应该说Mary是我听说过的最好的年轻画家。先行词为the
best
picture，关系代词that在从句中作宾语，指物，因为先行词由最高级修饰，所以只能用that不用which。故填that。
39.考查定语从句关系代词。先行词为the
best
young
painter，关系代词that在从句中作宾语，指人，因为先行词由最高级修饰，所以只能用that不用who。故填that。
40.考查定语从句关系代词。句意：她的一个老师告诉我，玛丽花了几千个小时学习和练习画画，才成为她家乡听说过的最好的年轻画家。先行词为the
best
young
painter，关系代词that在从句中作主语，指人，因为先行词由最高级修饰，所以只能用that不用who。故填that。
【点拨】定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下二点：
（1）一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因（如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等。
（2）二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等（如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when，where，why。）
（3）三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句（如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句）。
语法填空
A
【答案】
41.
activities
42.
selected
43.
be
shown
44.
various
45.
its
46.
has
changed
47.
to
48.
larger
49.
which
50.
promoting
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在上海举办的第12届中国艺术节，包括它的举办时间、有哪些节目以及它的票价和它希望达成的目标等，同时介绍了它是由哪些部门组织的。通过文章，我们也了解到中国艺术节从1987年开始举办，过去的30年每一期都会更换一个主办城市。
41.考查名词的数。句意：第十二届中国艺术节将在位于上海的中国经济艺术中心举办一系列艺术活动。activity意为活动，是可数名词，由a
series
of修饰，故此处用其复数形式activities，故填activities。
42.考查非谓语动词。句意：从5月20日到6月2日，全国范围内的50多场演出将在上海的19家主要剧院上演。show此处意为节目，select意为挑选、选择，节目是被选择，shows后、will前的部分作的是定语成分，用过去分词表示被动，故填selected。
43.考查动词时态语态。句意：上海展览中心将展出一系列优秀的文化创意产品。show此处意为展示，是动词，product意为产品，文化产品是被展示，故此处用被动语态，结构为be
done，will是一般将来时中的助动词，后加动词原形，故填be
shown。
44.考查形容词。句意：艺术节将包括各种艺术形式，如歌剧舞蹈、绘画和摄影。形容词修饰名词，vary的形容词形式是various，意为“各种各样的”，故填various。
45.考查物主代词。句意：自1987年举办以来，每一届艺术节的主办城市都发生了变化，在过去的30年里，活动足迹遍及北京、四川、江苏、浙江和湖北等地。beginning意为开始，是名词，用形容词或形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填its。
46.考查动词时态。根据上文Since
its
beginning
in
1987可知应用现在完成时，故填has
changed。
47.考查介词。句意：票价从免费到380元。“从……到……”是：from...to...，故答案为to。
48.考查形容词比较级。句意：为了让更多的观众收看节目，电影节还将在网上直播。根据句意以及上文much可知应填形容词比较级larger。
49.考查定语从句连接词。此句是非限制性定语从句，关系代词作定语从句中的主语，代指前面提到的用新媒体让更多的普通人看到表演的节目，非限制性定语从句中作主语代指前面提到的事用关系代词which，故填which。
50.考查非谓语动词。句意：今年的艺术节也旨在通过艺术促进上海旅游业的发展。promote意为提高、促进，是动词，aim
at
doing...意为“目标是做某事”，at是介词，后加动词v-ing形式，故填promoting。
B
【答案】
51.
for
52.
themselves
53.
experiencing
54.
though/although
55.
where
56.
to
learn
57.
how
58.
measures
59.
were
associated
50.
intended
【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文通过围绕“在城市生活会影响人的精神吗？”这个话题展开，研究人员还使用了“城市思维”这个应用程序衡量人们当下的城市生活体验。研究人员发现了自然环境对精神健康水平有影响。
61.考查介词。根据句意，人们经常搬到城市，是为了获得更好的工作机会和体验更丰富的文化活动，这里表示一种目的，故填for。
62.考查反身代词。句意：但他们是在把自己置于危险之中吗？也许吧。短语put
oneself
at
risk表示使某人自己处于危险之中。根据主语是they，故填themselves。
63.考查非谓语动词。句意：美国精神病学协会的专家表示，“自然环境或绿色空间”对我们的精神健康大有裨益，体验大自然有助于人们从日常工作带来的精神疲劳中恢复过来。因为空格前有and作并列连词，所以后面是一个句子，句中有谓语动词helps，缺少主语，所以experiencing在这里要充当主语，故填experiencing。
64.考查连词。句意：另一方面，虽然他们不能确切地说出原因，但心理健康专家说，一些研究表明，城市生活可能会损害我们的心理健康。根据they
cannot
say判断是表示让步的句子，可以用though/although引导让步状语从句，故填though/although。
65.考查定语从句。句意：有研究表明，人们从城市转到农村生活，他们的症状会改善。分析句子成分，There
have
been
studies
where
people
were
taken
out
of
an
urban
environment
into
a
rural
environment中有一个定语从句，先行词是studies，people
were
taken
out
of
an
urban
environment
into
a
rural
environment是一个完整的句子，主语是people，谓语是were
taken
out
of，宾语是an
urban
environment，分析句意可知缺少地点状语，故填where。
66.考查非谓语动词。句意：国王学院的研究人员、城市规划者、土地和建筑设计师希望更多地了解城市生活和精神疾病。短语hope
to
do
sth.意为希望做某事，to
do表示目的，故填to
learn。
67.考查宾语从句。句意：他们说，他们想了解城市环境的不同部分是如何影响心理健康的。根据句意，how意为：怎么样，如何，故填how。
68.考查动词及时态。句意：“城市思维”这个应用程序可以用来衡量你当下的城市生活体验。分析句子成分可知，measure为谓语动词，再根据主语是The
Urban
Mind
app，时态是一般现在时，故填measures。
69.考查动词及语态。句意：研究人员发现，呆在户外，看树，听鸟叫，看天空，感受大自然，这些都与较高的精神健康水平有关。The
researchers
found
that后面是一个宾语从句，在宾语从句中，主语是being
outdoors,
seeing
trees,
hearing
birdsong,
seeing
the
sky,
and
feeling
in
contact
with
nature，所以接下来所给动词为谓语动词，此句时态是一般过去时，且用被动语态，故填were
associated。
70.考查过去分词做定语。句意：“城市思维”项目团队表示，他们希望“研究结果能为未来旨在设计生态城市规划和改良社会政策提供相关信息”。根据句子结构来看，intend充当policy的后置定语，相当于which
is
intended
to，表示旨在，故填intended。
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