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（6）阅读理解-科教科普类——2021年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编
一、
【2021年浙江卷1月，阅读C】
Researchers
say
they
have
translated
the
meaning
of
gestures
that
wild
chimpanzees
(黑猩猩)
use
to
communicate.
They
say
wild
chimps
communicate
19
specific
messages
to
one
another
with
a
"vocabulary"
of
66
gestures.
The
scientists
discovered
this
by
following
and
filming
groups
of
chimps
in
Uganda,
and
examining
more
than
5,000
incidents
of
these
meaningful
exchanges.
Dr
Catherine
Hobaiter,
who
led
the
research,
said
that
this
was
the
only
form
of
intentional
communication
to
be
recorded
in
the
animal
kingdom.
Only
humans
and
chimps,
she
said,
had
a
system
of
communication
where
they
deliberately
sent
a
message
to
another
group
member.
"That's
what's
so
amazing
about
chimp
gestures,"
she
said.
"They're
the
only
thing
that
looks
like
human
language
in
that
respect.
”
Although
previous
research
has
shown
that
apes
and
monkeys
can
understand
complex
information
from
another
animal's
call,
the
animals
do
not
appear
to
use
their
voices
intentionally
to
communicate
messages.
This
was
a
significant
difference
between
calls
and
gestures,
Dr
Hobaiter
said.
Chimps
will
check
to
see
if
they
have
the
attention
of
the
animal
with
which
they
wish
to
communicate.
In
one
case,
a
mother
presents
her
foot
to
her
crying
baby,
signaling:"
Climb
on
me.
"
The
youngster
immediately
jumps
on
to
its
mothers
back
and
they
travel
off
together.
"The
big
message
from
this
study
is
that
there
is
another
species
(物种)
out
there.
that
is
meaningful
in
its
communication,
so
that's
not
unique
to
humans,"
said
Dr
Hobaiter.
Dr
Susanne
Shultz,
an
evolutionary
biologist
from
the
University
of
Manchester,
said
the
study
was
praiseworthy
in
seeking
to
enrich
our
knowledge
of
the
evolution
of
human
language.
But,
she
added,
the
results
were
"a
little
disappointing".
"The
vagueness
of
the
gesture
meanings
suggests
either
that
the
chimps
have
little
to
communicate,
or
we
are
still
missing
a
lot
of
the
information
contained
in
their
gestures
and
actions,"
she
said.
"Moreover,
the
meanings
seem
to
not
go
beyond
what
other
animal
convey
with
non-verbal
communication.
So,
it
seems
the
gulf
remains.
"
1.What
do
chimps
and
humans
have
in
common
according
to
Dr
Hobaiter?
A.Memorizing
specific
words.
B.Understanding
complex
information.
C.Using
voices
to
communicate.
D.Communicating
messages
on
purpose.
2.What
did
Dr
Shultz
think
of
the
study?
A.It
was
well
designed
but
poorly
conducted.
B.It
was
a
good
try
but
the
findings
were
limited.
C.It
was
inspiring
but
the
evidence
was
unreliable.
D.It
was
a
failure
but
the
methods
deserved
praise.
3.What
does
the
underlined
word
"gulf"
in
the
last
paragraph
mean?
A.Difference.
B.Conflict.
C.Balance.
D.Connection.
4.Which
of
the
following
is
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.Chimpanzee
behaviour
study
achieved
a
breakthrough
B.Chimpanzees
developed
specific
communication
skills
C.Chimpanzees:
the
smartest
species
in
the
animal
kingdom
D.Chimpanzee
language:
communication
gestures
translated
二、【2021年浙江卷7月，阅读C】
If
you
ever
get
the
impression
that
your
dog
can"tell"
whether
you
look
content
or
annoyed,
you
may
be
onto
something.
Dogs
may
indeed
be
able
to
distinguish
between
happy
and
angry
human
faces,
according
to
a
new
study.
Researchers
trained
a
group
of
11
dogs
to
distinguish
between
images(图像)of
the
same
person
making
either
a
happy
or
an
angry
face.
During
the
training
stage,
each
dog
was
shown
only
the
upper
half
or
the
lower
half
of
the
person's
face.
The
researchers
then
tested
the
dogs'
ability
to
distinguish
between
human
facial
expressions
by
showing
them
the
other
half
of
the
person's
face
or
images
totally
different
from
the
ones
used
in
training.
The
researchers
found
that
the
dogs
were
able
to
pick
the
angry
or
happy
face
by
touching
a
picture
of
it
with
their
noses
more
often
than
one
would
expect
by
random
chance.
The
study
showed
the
animals
had
figured
out
how
to
apply
what
they
learned
about
human
faces
during
training
to
new
faces
in
the
testing
stage.
"We
can
rule
out
that
the
dogs
simply
distinguish
between
the
pictures
based
on
a
simple
cue,
such
as
the
sight
of
teeth,"
said
study
author
Corsin
Müller.
"Instead,
our
results
suggest
that
the
successful
dogs
realized
that
a
smiling
mouth
means
the
same
thing
as
smiling
eyes,
and
the
same
rule
applies
to
an
angry
mouth
having
the
same
meaning
as
angry
eyes."
"With
our
study,
we
think
we
can
now
confidently
conclude
that
at
least
some
dogs
can
distinguish
human
facial
expressions,"
Muller
told
Live
Science.
At
this
point,
it
is
not
clear
why
dogs
seem
to
be
equipped
with
the
ability
to
recognize
different
facial
expressions
in
humans.
"To
us,
the
most
likely
explanation
appears
to
be
that
the
basis
lies
in
their
living
with
humans,
which
gives
them
a
lot
of
exposure
to
human
facial
expressions,"
and
this
exposure
has
provided
them
with
many
chances
to
learn
to
distinguish
between
them,
Müller
said.
1.The
new
study
focused
on
whether
dogs
can
_____.
A.distinguish
shapes
B.make
sense
of
human
faces
C.feel
happy
or
angry
D.communicate
with
each
other
2.What
can
we
learn
about
the
study
from
Paragraph
2?
A.Researchers
tested
the
dogs
in
random
order.
B.Diverse
methods
were
adopted
during
training.
C.Pictures
used
in
the
two
stages
were
different.
D.The
dogs
were
photographed
before
the
test.
3.What
is
the
last
paragraph
mainly
about?
A.A
suggestion
for
future
studies.
B.A
possible
reason
for
the
study
findings.
C.A
major
limitation
of
the
study.
D.An
explanation
of
the
research
method.
三、【2021年新高考Ⅰ卷，阅读D】
Popularization
has
in
some
cases
changed
the
original
meaning
of
emotional(情感的)
intelligence.
Many
people
now
misunderstand
emotional
intelligence
as
almost
everything
desirable
in
a
person's
makeup
that
cannot
be
measured
by
an
IQ
test,
such
as
character,
motivation,
confidence,
mental
stability,
optimism
and
"people
skills".
Research
has
shown
that
emotional
skills
may
contribute
to
some
of
these
qualities,
but
most
of
them
move
far
beyond
skill-based
emotional
intelligence.
???
?We
prefer
to
describe
emotional
intelligence
as
a
specific
set
of
skills
that
can
be
used
for
either
good
or
bad
purposes.
The
ability
to
accurately
understand
how
others
are
feeling
may
be
used
by
a
doctor
to
find
how
best
to
help
her
patients,
while
a
cheater
might
use
it
to
control
potential
victims.
Being
emotionally
intelligent
does
not
necessarily
make
one
a
moral
person.
??
?Although
popular
beliefs
regarding
emotional
intelligence
run
far
ahead
of
what
research
can
reasonably
support,
the
overall
effects
of
the
publicity
have
been
more
beneficial
than
harmful.
The
most
positive
aspect
of
this
popularization
is
a
new
and
much
needed
emphasis(重视)
on
emotion
by
employers,
educators
and
others
interested
in
promoting
social
well-being.
The
popularization
of
emotional
intelligence
has
helped
both
the
public
and
researchers
re-evaluate
the
functionality
of
emotions
and
how
they
serve
people
adaptively
in
everyday
life.
??
?Although
the
continuing
popular
appeal
of
emotional
intelligence
is
desirable,
we
hope
that
such
attention
will
excite
a
greater
interest
in
the
scientific
and
scholarly
study
of
emotion.
It
is
our
hope
that
in
coming
decades,
advances
in
science
will
offer
new
perspectives(视角)
from
which
to
study
how
people
manage
their
lives.
Emotional
intelligence,
with
its
focus
on
both
head
and
heart,
may
serve
to
point
us
in
the
right
direction.
1.What
is
a
common
misunderstanding
of
emotional
intelligence?
A.It
can
be
measured
by
an
IQ
test.
B.It
helps
to
exercise
a
person's
mind.
C.It
includes
a
set
of
emotional
skills.
D.It
refers
to
a
person's
positive
qualities.
2.Why
does
the
author
mention
"doctor"
and
"cheater"
in
paragraph
2?
A.To
explain
a
rule.
B.To
clarity
a
concept.
C.To
present
a
fact.
D.To
make
a
prediction.
3.What
is
the
author's
attitude
to
the
popularization
of
emotional
intelligence?
A.Favorable.
B.Intolerant.
C.Doubtful.
D.Unclear.
4.What
does
the
last
paragraph
mainly
talk
about
concerning
emotional
intelligence?
A.Its
appeal
to
the
public.
B.Expectations
for
future
studies.
C.Its
practical
application.
D.Scientists
with
new
perspectives.
四、【2021年全国乙卷，阅读D】
During
an
interview
for
one
of
my
books,
my
interviewer
said
something
I
still
think
about
often.
Annoyed
by
the
level
of
distraction(干扰)
in
his
open
office,
he
said,
"That's
why
I
have
a
membership
at
the
coworking
space
across
the
street
—so
I
can
focus."
His
comment
struck
me
as
strange.
After
all,
coworking
spaces
also
typically
use
an
open
office
layout(布局).
But
I
recently
came
across
a
study
that
shows
why
his
approach
works
???
The
researchers
examined
various
levels
of
noise
on
participants
as
they
completed
tests
of
creative
thinking.
They
were
randomly
divided
into
four
groups
and
exposed
to
various
noise
levels
in
the
background,
from
total
silence
to
50
decibels(分贝),
70
decibels,
and
85
decibels.
The
differences
between
most
of
the
groups
were
statistically
insignificant;
however,
the
participants
in
the
70
decibels
group—those
exposed
to
a
level
of
noise
similar
to
background
chatter
in
a
coffee
shop-significantly
outperformed
the
other
groups.
Since
the
effects
were
small,
this
may
suggest
that
our
creative
thinking
does
not
differ
that
much
in
response
to
total
silence
and
85
decibels
of
background
noise.
???
But
since
the
results
at
70
decibels
were
significant,
the
study
also
suggests
that
the
right
level
of
background
noise—not
too
loud
and
not
total
silence—may
actually
improve
one's
creative
thinking
ability.
The
right
level
of
background
noise
may
interrupt
our
normal
patterns
of
thinking
just
enough
to
allow
our
imaginations
to
wander,
without
making
it
impossible
to
focus.
This
kind
of
"distracted
focus"
appears
to
be
the
best
state
for
working
on
creative
tasks.
???
So
why
do
so
many
of
us
hate
our
open
offices?
The
problem
may
be
that,
in
our
offices,
we
can't
stop
ourselves
from
getting
drawn
into
others'
conversations
while
we're
trying
to
focus.
Indeed,
the
researchers
found
that
face-to-face
interactions
and
conversations
affect
the
creative
process,
and
yet
a
coworking
space
or
a
coffee
shop
provides
a
certain
level
of
noise
while
also
providing
freedom
from
interruptions.
1.Why
does
the
interviewer
prefer
a
coworking
space?
A.
It
helps
him
concentrate.
B.It
blocks
out
background
noise.
C.
It
has
a
pleasant
atmosphere.
D.It
encourages
face-to-face
interactions.
2.Which
level
of
background
noise
may
promote
creative
thinking
ability?
A.
Total
silence.
B.50
decibels.
C.
70
decibels.
D.85
decibels.
3.What
makes
an
open
office
unwelcome
to
many
people?
A.
Personal
privacy
unprotected.
B.Limited
working
space.
C.Restrictions
on
group
discussion.
D.Constant
interruptions.
4.What
can
we
infer
about
the
author
from
the
text?
A.
He's
a
news
reporter.
B.He's
on
office
manager.
C.He's
a
professional
designer.
D.He's
a
published
writer.
五、【2021年陕西西安二模，阅读C】
The
world’s
first
hydrogen-powered
trains
have
begun
running
in
Germany.
They
began
carrying
passengers
Monday
in
Germany’s
northern
Lower
Saxony
state.
The
new
train
will
run
100-kilometer
trips
and
can
travel
up
to
140
kilometers
an
hour.
A
French
railroad
company
called
Alstom
built
the
two
trains.
Team
in
Germany
and
France
cooperated
on
the
project,
which
was
supported
by
the
German
government.
The
new
train
model,
called
the
Coradia
iLint,
signals
the
beginning
of
efforts
in
Germany
and
other
nations
to
move
away
from
pollution-producing
diesel(柴油)
trains.
The
Coradia
iLint
is
designed
to
run
on
non-electrified
train
lines
with
low
levels
of
noise.
It
uses
a
process
that
combines
hydrogen
and
oxygen
to
produce
electrical
power.
If
the
system
produces
more
energy
than
the
train
needs
at
that
time,
it
can
store
the
extra
energy
in
batteries.
The
only
emissions
(排放物)
are
water
and
steam.
A
single
tank
of
hydrogen
can
run
a
Coradia
iLint
train
for
about
1,000
kilometers.
This
is
very
similar
to
the
distance
a
diesel-powered
train
can
run
on
with
a
single
tank.
Hydrogen-powered
trains
cost
more
than
diesel
trains
to
build.
But
Alstom
officials
say
the
operating
costs
are
much
lower.
The
company
plans
to
provide
another
14
Coradia
iLint
trains
to
Lower
Saxony
by
2021.
The
head
of
railroad
operations
in
the
area,
Carmen
Schwab,
praised
replacing
diesel
trains
with
hydrogen.
She
said
the
move
was
an
important
first
step
in
using
clean-burning
technologies
to
reach
climate
protection
goals.
Officials
say
the
area’s
many
wind
turbines
(涡轮机)will
produce
part
of
the
energy
to
create
the
hydrogen
to
power
the
trains.
Alstom
says
several
other
European
countries
have
also
expressed
interest
in
developing
hydrogen
train
systems.
France
has
already
said
it
wants
its
first
hydrogen
train
to
be
operating
by
2022.
1.Why
did
Germany
build
the
new
trains?
A.To
make
traveling
much
easier.
B.To
carry
more
passengers.
C.To
replace
diesel
trains.
D.To
develop
friendship
with
France.
2.What
is
one
advantage
of
the
Coradia
iLint?
A.It
runs
without
making
any
noise.
B.It
doesn’t
use
electrical
power.
C.It
costs
much
less
to
run.
D.It
is
cheaper
to
make
it.
3.It
can
be
concluded
that
hydrogen
trains________.
A.are
widely
used.
B.can
produce
water
and
oxygen.
C.can
stop
air
pollution.
D.are
environmentally
friendly.
4.What
might
be
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.World’s
First
Hydrogen
Trains.
B.Efforts
to
Reduce
Emissions.
C.Saving
Natural
Resources.
D.A
New
Way
to
Make
Electricity.
六、【2021年广东茂名模拟，阅读D】
The
prevalence
of
melanoma(黑素瘤)
has
been
rapidly
rising
around
the
world
for
nearly
a
century.
While
some
of
the
increase
may
be
due
to
better
detection,
researchers
also
believe
it’s
because
we’re
spending
more
time
outdoors
in
the
sun,
vacationing
to
warmer
climates
during
the
winter
and
using
tanning
beds.
That
rise
is
concerning,
since
melanoma
is
the
most
dangerous
kind
of
skin
cancer.
Most
of
us
know
to
cover
up
and
apply
sunscreen
on
hot,
sunny
days,
but
when
fall
arrives,
we
tend
to
drop
those
habits.
Experts
warn
that’s
a
mistake.
Though
there’s
less
need
for
sun
protection
after
summer
ends,
exposure
to
UV
rays
still
adds
up.
What
precautions
you
should
take
to
defend
against
melanoma
during
the
cooler
months
depends
on
where
you
are
in
the
world.
That’s
because
the
further
away
you
are
from
the
equator,
the
more
UV
rays
weaken
in
the
winter.
“In
southern
England
or
Canada,
the
daily
dose
of
UVA
on
a
clear
summer
day
is
6.5
times
higher
than
on
a
clear
winter
day,”
says
Professor
Brian
Diffey
of
the
British
Association
of
Dermatologists.
“People
in
those
countries
typically
receive
only
about
5%
of
their
annual
UV
exposure
in
the
winter
months.”
But
no
matter
where
you
are,
even
during
colder,
lower
risk
months,
it’s
a
mistake
to
put
your
sun-protection
habits
on
ice.
“It’s
important
to
wear
sun-screen
when
there
is
a
lot
of
glare
from
the
snow,”
says
Victoria
Mar,
director
of
the
Victorian
Melanoma
Service
at
Alfred
Hospital
in
Melbourne,
Australia.
Finally,
you
should
monitor
your
moles(痣).
“Early
detection
of
melanoma
is
vital
for
successful
treatment,”
says
Diffey.
If
it’s
caught
before
it
spreads
to
other
parts
of
the
body,
the
patient
will
have
99
%
of
chance
to
survive
for
five
years
.
If
it’s
caught
late,
that
can
drop
to
25%.
Warning
signs
are
a
mole
that’s
changing
size,
shape
or
colour,
or
one
that’s
asymmetrical—sometimes
referred
to
as
“ugly
duckling”
moles.
If
you
have
concerns,
talk
to
your
doctor.
1.What’s
the
main
cause
of
the
rise
of
melanoma?
A.The
climate
change.
B.Better
detection.
C.More
exposure
to
the
sun.
D.The
increase
of
skin
cancer.
2.What’s
a
mistake
according
to
experts?
A.Applying
sunscreen
in
summer.
B.Wearing
sun-screen
when
there
is
snow.
C.Using
sunscreen
during
lower
risk
months.
D.Dropping
sun-protection
habits
in
winter.
3.What
can
we
learn
from
the
last
paragraph?
A.Prevention
is
better
than
cure.
B.Health
is
better
than
wealth.
C.A
disease
known
is
half
cured.
D.When
the
sun
comes
in,
the
doctor
comes
out.
4.What
is
the
best
title
of
the
text?
A.Detect
Melanoma.
B.Beware
Winter
Rays.
C.Monitor
Your
Moles.
D.Spend
Less
Time
Outdoors.
七、
【2021年河北唐山模拟，阅读D】
A
strong
coffee
after
a
poor
night's
sleep
is
the
kick-start
many
people
need
in
the
morning
but
new
research
suggests
that
it
might
be
best
to
have
a
bite
to
eat
first.
A
study
has
found
that
drinking
coffee
first
can
have
a
negative
effect
on
blood
sugar
control
-
a
risk
factor
for
diabetes
(糖尿病)and
heart
disease.
“We
know
that
nearly
half
of
us
will
wake
in
the
morning
and,
before
doing
anything
else,
drink
coffee
---
subjectively
the
more
tired
we
feel,
the
stronger
the
coffee,“
said
Professor
James
Betts,
at
the
University
of
Bath
in
the
UK.
For
their
study,
researchers
at
the
University
of
Bath
got
29
healthy
men
and
women
to
take
part
in
three
different
overnight
experiments,
with
at
least
a
week
between
them.
In
one,
the
participants
had
a
normal
night's
sleep,
roughly
from
11
p.m.
to
7
a.m.,
and
were
asked
to
consume
a
sugary
drink
on
waking
in
the
morning.
They
then
experienced
an
interrupted
night's
sleep,
where
the
researchers
woke
them
every
hour
for
five
minutes
by
sending
them
text
messages
to
which
they
had
to
respond
—
and
upon
waking
were
given
the
same
sugary
drink.
On
another
night,
participants
experienced
the
same
sleep
interruption,
but
this
time
were
first
given
a
strong
black
coffee
30
minutes
before
consuming
the
sugary
drink.
They
found
that
one
night
of
interrupted
sleep
did
not
worsen
the
participants'
blood
sugar
and
insulin
(胰岛素)responses
when
compared
to
the
normal
night's
sleep--
although
previous
research
suggested
that
losing
many
hours
of
sleep
or
many
nights
of
poor
sleep
could
have
a
negative
effect.
However,
strong
black
coffee
consumed
before
breakfast
actually
increased
the
blood
sugar
response
by
around
50%
—
suggesting
that
relying
on
coffee
after
a
bad
night
to
stop
feeling
sleepy
could
limit
your
body's
ability
to
tolerate
the
sugar
in
your
breakfast.
1.What
does
the
underlined
word
“kick-start"
in
paragraph
1
refer
to?
A.A
kind
of
sport.
B.A
kind
of
power.
C.A
kind
of
medicine.
D.A
kind
of
belief.
2.What
was
unchanged
in
the
three
experiments?
A.The
duration
of
sleep.
B.The
blood
sugar
response.
C.The
sugary
drink.
D.The
intake
of
coffee.
3.What
increased
the
participants'
blood
sugar
response
most
before
breakfast?
A.A
normal
sugary
drink.
B.A
normal
night's
sleep.
C.An
interrupted
night's
sleep.
D.A
cup
of
strong
black
coffee.
4.How
did
researchers
draw
the
conclusion?
A.By
comparing
the
results.
B.By
listing
some
examples.
C.By
surveying
the
participants.
D.By
referring
to
some
documents.
答案以及解析
一、答案：1-4DBAD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Only
humans
and
chimps,
she
said,
had
a
system
of
communication
where
they
deliberately
sent
a
message
to
another
group
member."可知,
人类和黑猩猩的相似之处是,他们会有意地向其他成员传递信息,进行沟通。
2.推理判断题。本题问及Dr
Shultz是如何看待这项研究的。现将选项内容与文中线索进行对比分析。具体如下:
选项
正误
分析
A
×
此项指这项研究设计得很好,但没有操作好。文中并未提及,不符合题意。
B
√
根据最后两段可知,Dr
Shultz认为这项研究是一次好的尝试,但是发现的结果是有限的。故B项正确。
C
×
此项指这项研究是令人振奋的,但是证据是不可靠的。文中并未提及,不符合题意。
D
×
此项指这项研究失败了,但是方法是值得称赞的。文中未提及,不符合题意。
3.词义推测题。根据画线词所在句及前一句可知,
目前研究所得出的黑猩猩手势的含义,还没有超出其他动物通过非语言交流方式所传达的信息。所以黑猩猩手势的交流方式还是和人类语言的交流方式存在差异。difference"不同;差异"与gulf意思一致。
4.标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“Researchers
say
they
have
translated
the
meaning
of
gestures
that
wild
chimpanzees
use
to
communicate.
”以及文章对这方面的讨论可知,文章主要讲研究人员对黑猩猩手势的研究及一些成果,所以D项为本文的最佳标题。
二、答案：1-3BCB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,该研究聚焦于狗是否能够理解人类的表情。
2.推理判断题。本题问及从第二段中我们可以了解到有关这次研究的什么内容。现将选项内容和文中线索进行对比分析,具体如下:
选项
正误
分析
A
×
第二段第三句提到对狗进行测试,但并未提到是随机测试。A项属于无中生有。
B
×
根据第二段内容可知,研究人员只是先后展示了一张人脸的不同部分或者是不同的图片,但并未使用多样化的方法来测试。B项属于曲解文意。
C
√
根据第二段第二句和第三句可知,在训练阶段让狗去看人类脸部的上半部分或者下半部分;
而在测试阶段,研究人员通过给狗看人脸的另一部分或者与之前训练中完全不同的图像来测试狗区分人类面部表情的能力。故C项“两个阶段使用了不一样的图片”正确。
D
×
第二段并未提及测试前给狗拍照的相关内容,
D项属于无中生有。
3.段落大意题。根据最后一段内容可知,本段探讨了狗能够辨别人类面部表情可能的原因。
三、答案：1-4DBAB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Many
people
now
misunderstand
emotional
intelligence
as
almost
everything
desirable
in
a
person's
makeup
that
cannot
be
measured
by
an
IQ
test..."可知,许多人将情商误解为一个人的特质中无法被智商测试所衡量的几乎所有可取的部分,比如性格、动机、自信,情绪稳定、乐观和人际交往能力;再根据第二段对这一误解的说明可推知,常见对情商的误解是认为它指一个人积极的品质。
2.推理判断题。第二段首句为第二段中心句,而后提及的医生与骗子即是为了说明这一观点,医生用情商救人,骗子用情商害人,即情商既可用于做好事,也可用做坏事。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段内容尤其是"the
overall
effects
of
the
publicity
have
been
more
beneficial
than
harmful"可知,作者对未来情商的普及是赞许的。
4.段落大意题。根据最后一段可知,作者在该段表达对未来的情商研究的期望。
四、答案：1-4ACDD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中采访者说的话
"That's
why
I
have
a
membership
at
the
coworking
space
across
the
street—so
I
can
focus."可知,采访者觉得共享办公空间能让其更加集中注意力。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的"however,
the
participants
in
the
70
decibels
group—those
exposed
to
a
level
of
noise
similar
to
background
chatter
in
a
coffee
shop—
significantly
outperformed
the
other
groups"可知,70分贝的噪声更有助于促进人们的创造性思维。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"The
problem
may
be
that,
in
our
offices,
we
can't
stop
ourselves
from
getting
drawn
into
others'
conversations
while
we're
trying
to
focus."可知,在开放的办公室,人们很容易被别人打扰。
4.推理判断题。根据第一段第一句"During
an
interview
for
one
of
my
books,
my
interviewer
said
something
I
still
think
about
often."可推知,作者是一名作家。
五、答案：1.C;
2.C;
3.D;
4.A
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句?The
new
train
model
,called
the
Coradia
ilint,
signals
the
beginning
of
efforts
in
Germany
and
other
nations
to
move
away
from
pollution-producing
diesel
(柴油)
trains.
可知,这种名为
Coradia
ilint
的新型火车模型标志着德国和其他国家开始努力摆脱污染排放的柴油火车。因此可知为了取代柴油火车,德国要建造新火车。故正确答案为C。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第六段第一、二句
Hydrogen-powered
trains
cost
more
than
diesel
trains
to
build.
But
Alstom
officials
say
the
operating
costs
are
much
lower.?可知,氢动力火车比柴油火车造价高。但
Alstom?管理人士表示,运营成本要低得多。因此可知
Coradia
iLint
的一个优点是它的运行成本要低得多。故正确答案为C。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第四段全段?It
uses
a
process
that
combines
hydrogen
and
oxygen
to
produce
electrical
power.
If
the
system
produces
more
energy
than
the
train
needs
at
that
time,
it
can
store
the
extra
energy
in
batteries.
The
only
emissions
(排放物)
are
water
and
steam.?可知,它利用氢和氧的合成过程来产生电能。如果该系统产生的能量超过列车当时的需要,它可以将多余的能量储存在电池中。唯一的排放物是水和蒸汽。因此可知氢动力火车是环保的。故D项正确。A项,“氢动力火车被广泛使用”。根据文章第一段第一句?The
world's
first
hydrogen-powered
trains
have
begun
running
in
Germany.
可知,世界上第一辆氢动力火车在德国开始运行。因此可知氢动力火车没有被广泛使用。故A项错误。C项,“氢动力火车可以阻止空气污染”。根据文章第四段全段?It
uses
a
process
that
combines
hydrogen
and
oxygen
to
produce
electrical
power.
If
the
system
produces
more
energy
than
the
train
needs
at
that
time,
it
can
store
the
extra
energy
in
batteries.
The
only
emissions
(排放物)
are
water
and
steam.?可知,它利用氢和氧的合成过程来产生电能。如果该系统产生的能量超过列车当时的需要,它可以将多余的能量储存在电池中。唯一的排放物是水和蒸汽。因此可知氢动力火车很环保,但是并不意味着氢动力火车可以阻止空气污染。故C项错误。B项,“氢动力火车能产生水和氧”。根据文章第四段第一、三句?It
uses
a
process
that
combines
hydrogen
and
oxygen
to
produce
electrical
power.
The
only
emissions
(排放物)
are
water
and
steam.?可知,它利用氢和氧的合成过程来产生电能。唯一的排放物是水和蒸汽。因此可知氢动力火车不会产生氧。故B项错误。故正确答案为D。
4.主旨大意题。文章主要论述了世界上第一辆氢动力火车在德国开始运行,具体介绍了这辆火车的制造公司、运行原理、运行成本以及其环保功能。A项,“世界上第一辆氢动力火车”,符合题意。故A项正确。C项,“节约自然资源”。节约自然资源只是文章论述的一个方面,不足以概括文章主旨。故C项错误。B项,“努力减少排放”。努力减少排放只是文章论述的一个方面,不足以概括文章主旨。故B项错误。D项,“一种新的发电方式”。文章并未论述一种新的发电方式。故D项错误。故正确答案为A。
六、答案：1.C;
2.D;
3.C;
4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句?While
some
of
the
increase
may
be
due
to
better
detection,
researchers
also
believe
it's
because
we're
spending
more
time
outdoors
in
the
sun,
vacationing
to
warmer
climates
during
the
winter
and
using
tanning
beds.
可知,虽然部分原因可能是更好的检测,但研究人员也认为,这是因为我们花更多时间在户外晒太阳,冬天去温暖的气候度假,使用美黑床。由此可知,黑素瘤上升的主要原因是暴露在太阳下。故正确答案为C。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句和第二句?Most
of
us
know
to
cover
up
and
apply
sunscreen
on
hot,
sunny
days,
but
when
fall
arrives,
we
tend
to
drop
those
habits.Experts
warn
that's
a
mistake.?可知,我们大多数人都知道在炎热、阳光灿烂的日子要遮住身体并涂上防晒霜,但一到秋天,我们就会改掉这些习惯。专家警告说,这是一个错误。故正确答案为D。
3.推理判断题。?根据文章最后一段?Finally,
you
should
monitor
your
moles
(痣).
"Early
detection
of
melanoma
is
vital
for
successful
treatment,"
says
Diffey.
If
it's
caught
before
it
spreads
to
other
parts
of
the
body,
the
patient
will
have
99
%
of
chance
to
survive
for
five
years
.
If
it's
caught
late,
that
can
drop
to
25%.
Warning
signs
are
a
mole
that's
changing
size,
shape
or
colour,
or
one
that's
asymmetrical
—
sometimes
referred
to
as
"ugly
duckling"
moles.
If
you
have
concerns,
talk
to
your
doctor.
可知,最后,你应该注意你的痣。“黑色素瘤的早期发现对成功治疗至关重要,”迪菲说。如果在病毒扩散到身体其他部位之前被感染,患者有99%的机会存活5年。如果发现晚了,这个比例会降至25%。痣的大小、形状或颜色发生变化,或者不对称——有时被称为“丑小鸭”痣。如果你有疑问,去找你的医生。由此可知,病情早发现,治病好一半。?故正确答案为C。
4.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了黑素瘤发病的原因,病情介绍以及治疗方法。主要讲述了只在夏季涂防晒霜是一个错误的观点,也要注意冬天的紫外线。A项,“发现黑素瘤”,不符合文意,故排除;B项,“当心冬天射线”,符合文意;C项,“监控你的摩尔数”,不符合文意,故排除;D项,“少花点时间在户外”,不符合文意,故排除。故正确答案为B。
七、答案：1.B;
2.C;
3.D;
4.A
解析：1.词义猜测题根据第一段第一句,在a
poor
night’s
sleep后喝一杯浓咖啡是许多人早上需要的动力。
2.细节理解题根据第五、六两段可知三次实验中受试者都喝了a
sugary
drink。
3.细节理解题由最后一段one
night
of
interrupted
sleep
did
not
worsen
the
participants’
blood
sugar
and
insulin
(胰岛素)
responses
以及strong
black
coffee
consumed
before
breakfast
actually
increased
the
blood
sugar
response
by
around
50%可以推知。
4.推理判断题由最后一段可知研究者通过比较实验结果得出结论。

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