资源简介 Unit4-Naturaldisasters单元重点回顾&写作指导【基础词汇检测】1.Theboxer________alwayswinsworldchampionsisfromCanada.2.TheonlyreasonIwasdiviningforwaterwasbecauseofthe________(dry).3.Theywere________(trap)intheburninghotellastnight.4.Withmoreforests________(destroy),hugequantitiesofgoodeartharebeingwashedawayeachyear.5.Whenlifeletsyoudownandwhenitseemsthatyourworldisat________end,takecourageandmoveon.6.Themanwassoburied________thoughtthathedidn'tseethepoleontheroad.7.Cyclistsmustwearhelmetstoprotectthemselvesfrom________(injure).8.Morethan70%ofthesurface________(cover)bywater.9.Iknowtheman________housewasdestroyedintheearthquake.10.Theearthquakewassobigthatmostofthehousesinthesmallvillagewerecompletely________ruin.参考答案:1who/that2drought3trapped4destroyed5an6in7injuries8iscovered9whose10in【核心词汇及用法归纳】1.rescuen.&vt.营救;救援(1)come/go_tosb.'srescue来/去救助某人rescueteam/workers救援队/人员(2)rescue...from...把……从……解救出来2.damagevt.损害;破坏 n.损坏;损失(1)damageone's_health损害某人的健康(2)cause/dodamageto...对……造成损害3.affectvt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动(1)begreatly/deeplyaffectedby被……深深打动;被……深深影响beaffectedwith_high_fever发高烧affectsb.to_tears把某人感动得流泪(2)effectn.作用;影响haveaneffect/influence_on对……产生影响4.sheltern.避难所;居所;庇护 vt.保护;掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)(1)takeshelterfrom...躲避……(2)sheltersb./sth.from保护……(免受……)5.ruinn.&vt.破坏;损坏(1)be/lie_inruins倒塌;破败不堪fall/come_intoruin成为废墟;毁灭(2)ruinone's_future/health毁掉某人的前程/健康ruinoneself自我毁灭6.shockn.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt.(使)震惊(1)inshock震惊;吃惊;休克beashockto使……吃惊(2)shockedadj.震惊的;惊讶的beshockedat/by对……吃惊beshockedto_do_sth.因某事而吃惊(3)shockingadj.令人震惊的(常用来形容物)7.trapvt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套 n.险境;陷阱(1)betrappedin...困在……中,陷入……trapsb.into_(doing)_sth.诱使某人(做)某事(2)lay/setatrapfor为……设下圈套fall/walk_intoatrap落入圈套8.buryvt.埋葬;安葬burysth.in把……埋到……里buryone'sfacein_hands双手掩面buryoneself_in埋头于;专心于;沉浸于9.suffervt.遭受;蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦(1)sufferpain/a_defeat/loss/hardship/damage遭受痛苦/失败/损失/艰难/破坏sufferfrom受……折磨;患……病(2)sufferingn.痛苦;苦恼(3)sufferern.受难者;患病者10.survivevi.生存;存活 vt.幸存;艰难度过(1)survivefrom经过……之后还存在surviveon依靠……生存下来(2)survivorn.幸存者survivaln.[U]幸存[C]残存物11.calmadj.镇静的;沉着的 vt.使平静,使镇静(1)calm(sb.)down(使某人)平静下来;镇静下来(2)stay/keep/becalm保持镇静(3)calmnessn.镇静;沉着12.aidn.援助;帮助;救援物资 vt.&vi.帮助;援助(1)withtheaidof在……的帮助下inaidof用以援助come_to_one'said帮助某人What's...in_aid_of?……究竟是为什么(发生);……是做什么用的?(2)aidsb.in_(doing)_sth.帮助某人做某事aidsb.with_sth.以某事/某物帮助某人13.onhand现有(尤指帮助)ontheonehand...,ontheotherhand...一方面…另一方面…inhand在手中handinhand携手;手拉手,密切合作14.sweepvt.&vi.(swept,swept)打扫;清扫sweepaway消灭,彻底消除,完全打消sweepup打扫;清扫sweepaside漠视,不理会,把……放在一边sweepout打扫干净sweepover突然袭来make_a_cleansweepof(在比赛、选举等中)大获全胜;大换班,大改变15.strikevi.&vt.(struck,struck/stricken)侵袭;突击;击打 n.罢工;罢课;袭击(1)bestruckby/with被……击中;(引申义)被……打动,迷恋……Itstrikessb.that=Itoccurstosb.that某人突然想到……strike...intoone'sheart使……刻骨铭心strikesb.as(being)sth.给某人(以……)印象;让某人觉得(2)be/go_onstrike罢工16.delivervt.&vi.递送;传达 vt.发表(1)deliversth._to_sb./sth.把……递送给……delivera_speech发表演说delivera_baby接生婴儿(2)deliveryn.投递;送货;分娩17.effectn.影响;结果;效果(1)have_aneffecton/upon_sth.对……有效;对……有影响come/go_intoeffect生效takeeffect生效;奏效bring/put...intoeffect实施ineffect实际上(2)effectiveadj.有效的;有影响的(3)affectvt.影响【重点语句】1.It_seemed_as_iftheworldwere_coming_to_an_end!(教材P50)仿佛世界末日即将来临!2.Two_thirds_ofthepeoplewho_lived_thereweredeadorinjured.(教材P50)三分之二的居民或死或伤。3.The_number_ofpeoplewho_were_killed_or_badly_injuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.(教材P50)在地震中受重伤或死亡的人数超过40万人。4.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodig_outthosewho_were_trappedandtoburythedead.(教材P50)很快,在地震发生后,部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山,将受困群众从废墟中挖出并掩埋死者。5.Workersbuiltshelters_forsurvivorswhose_homeshadbeendestroyed.(教材P50)工人为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。6.Thecitybegantorevive_itselfandgetbackupon_its_feet.(教材P50)城市开始自我重建,依靠自己的力量重新站起来。7.Indianofficialssaidas_many_as1,900hadbeenkilledalongthesoutherncoast.(教材P54)印度官方说,南部海岸多达1,900人遇难。8.Thousands_ofpeoplearestillmissing,andthenumberofdeathsis_expected_togroweven_higher_overthenextfewdays.(教材P54)数以千计的人仍然处于失踪状态,预计在接下来的几天死亡人数甚至将会继续上升。【写作指导】本单元的写作任务是概要写作中的“灾难事件”主题。概要写作是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。概要写作考查的是学生在实现自由的思维表达之前,对他人的信息在充分理解的基础上进行大意表达的能力。进行概要写作的短文的体裁一般以说明文和议论文为主。一、解题步骤概要写作一般遵循以下三个解题步骤:1.读懂原文,抓住大意。2.定位主题句,找到关键。3.组织语言,转换表达。二、注意事项1.概要应包括原文中的主要事实,略去不必要的细节。2.安排好篇幅的比例,同原文保持协调。3.注意两点之间的衔接,用适当的关联词语贯通全文。4.不排斥用原文的某些词句,但不要照搬原文的句子;可对原文句子做一些同义替换。5.计算词数,注意是否符合规定的词数要求。经典句式:一、描写事物的性质或功用Inthepassage,thewriterintroduces...(对象)tous,especiallyits...(性质或功用),fromwhichweknow...(对象带来的好处)二、问题+解决方法Thepassagerepresents...(问题)andbringsforthseveralmeasures/methodstosolvetheproblem,whichincludes...(方法1)...(方法2)...(方法3)三、现象+原因/本质Thewriter/authorrepresents/introduces...of...,because...(原因1)...(原因2)四、灾难事件常用表达1.Nowadaystherehavebeenfrequentnaturaldisasters,suchasfloods,droughts,mud-rockflows,earthquakes,windstormsandthestretchingofnewdeserts.Theyhavedestroyedcountlesshomes,andwipedoutnumerouspiecesoffertileland.当下,自然灾害频发,如洪水,干旱,泥石流,地震,风暴和新的沙漠延伸。它们摧毁了无数的房屋,摧毁了许多肥沃的土地。2.Moreandmorepeoplebecomeawarethatthosedisastershavemuchtodowithwhatwehavedonetotheearth.越来越多的人意识到这些灾害都与我们对地球所作所为有很大关系。3.Thenaturaldisastersaremainlycausedbyhumandestruction.Deforestationcausesthesoilerosion;thechaosofsewagewatercausethegraduallypoorwaterquality;thedisorderlyautomobileexhaustcausestheairpollution;improperdisposalofwastecausestheenvironmentdamageandsoon.自然灾害主要是人为破坏造成的。森林砍伐造成水土流失;污水乱排导致水质逐渐变差;汽车尾气乱排造成空气污染;垃圾处理不当造成环境破坏等。4.Infaceofnaturaldisaster,weshouldtimelyforecastanddothepreventivework.面对自然灾害,我们要及时进行预测,做好预防工作。5.Incaseofemergenciesanddisastersweshouldkeepourheadandtrytorelyonourselvestoescapefromthedisasters.在紧急情况和发生灾难时,我们应该保持头脑清醒,尝试依靠自己逃离灾难。6.Afterthedisasters,insteadofindulgingoneselfinsadness,oneshouldbepositiveoflifeandcontributetothereconstructionofthehometown.灾后,我们不要沉湎于悲伤之中,应该积极面对生活,为家乡的重建做出贡献。7.Weshouldunitetogether,buildasustainableandnaturefriendlysociety,makingtheworldabetterplace.我们应该团结起来,建设一个可持续的、自然友好型社会,让世界变得更美好。8.Theearthisouronlyhome.Itisurgentforustostopdamagingit,andtodoourbesttoprotectit,forwehavenowheretogoandsurviveexceptwherewearenow.地球是我们唯一的家园。因此,当务之急就是停止破坏它,并尽力保护它,因为除了我们现在生存的地方,我们已经无处可去。经典例题:阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Speedisveryimportantinavalanche(雪崩)rescues.Therewillbenarrowchancestoescapeifaskierisburiedfor30minutesormore.Nowthat30minutescanmeanthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforaskierlostonasnowymountain,mostpeoplewoulddependonlife?savingdogs.Nobleworksasarescueteammemberinavacationland,California.Hetellsus,“Dogsrunfastestwhenanaccidenthappens.”HispartnerWylee,alife?savingdog,cansearchanaccidentscenethesizeofafootballfield.Itonlyneeds5to10minutes.However,5rescueteammembershavetospendacoupleofhoursinthesamearea.Apartfromitsexcellentspeed,NoblechoosesWyleeashispartnerpartlybecauseitweighsonlyabouthalfwhatotherkindsofdogsweigh.Rescueteammembershavetocarrytheirdogstosearchsitesinadditiontocarrying60?poundbackpackswithfood,waterandotherequipment.Thedogsneedtheliftsothatdon'tgettiredbeforetheystartworking.Therearen'tadequatedataonhowoftendogstakepartinavalanchesearchesorhowoftentheyareabletohelplocalpeopleindanger.Butthedogsdon'tsavethatmanypeople.That'sbecausetherearen'tthatmanytosave.Aquarterofpeopleindangerdiefromseriousinjuriesbeforethesnowstopsmoving.Ofthoseburiedwhoweren'tkilledbyinjuries,halfdiewithin20minutes.Ifthereisachanceofrescue,though,thedogsalsocutsearchtimefortheremains.EricaMueller,afamousdirector,wantedtoseehowthelife?savingdogsworked,soshevolunteeredtospendpartofanhourinaroomysnowcavewaitingtobefound.Shewasarmedwitharadioandwaswearingseverallayerstostaywarm.AfterbeingrescuedbyWylee,shesaid,“Ican'ttalklikeasurvivor,butitwasdefinitelyacoolwaytoseehowwelltrainedthosedogsare.” [精彩范文]Life?savingdogsareofvitalimportanceandhelpinavalancherescuesduetotheirexcellentspeed.(要点1)Inaddition,anotheradvantageoflife?savingdogsistheirlightweight.(要点2)Nonetheless,thenumberofpeoplerescuedwasnotlargeowingtoseriousinjuriesandlimitedtime.(要点3)However,throughanexperiment,afamousdirectorEricaMueller,spokehighlyofthelife?savingdogsinavalancherescues.(要点4)总评 该作文准确把握了文中的四个要点,无一遗漏或偏差,略去了不必要的细节信息。同时语法结构运用准确、词汇运用和同义词转换恰当丰富、语言概括精炼到位。[亮点呈现](1)连接词运用准确恰当。要点1和要点2为并列关系,用Inaddition连接;要点2和要点3之间为转折关系,用Nonetheless连接;要点4和要点3之间也是转折关系,为避免重复,用However来表示转折。(2)采用同义替换、语义转换等进行灵活准确的表达。如用ofvitalimportance替换veryimportant;将save改为rescue;用speakhighlyof来肯定搜救犬的表现。实战演练:阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。NatalieDoan,14,hasalwaysfeltluckytoliveinRockaway,NewYork.Livingjustafewblocksfromthebeach,Nataliecanseetheoceanandhearthewavefromherhouse.“It'stheoceanthatmakesRockawaysospecial,”shesays.OnOctober29,2012,thatoceanturnedfierce.Thatnight,HurricaneSandyattackedtheEastCoast,andRockawaywashitespeciallyhard.Fortunately,Natalie'sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity'sbridgeclosed.WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.ManyofNatalie'sfriendshadlosttheirhomesandwerelivingfaraway.Allaroundher,peopleweresuffering,especiallytheelderly.Natalie'sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn.Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.Volunteerscamewithcarloadsofdonatedclothingandtoys.Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuild.Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrappedinpowerlesshigh?risebuildings.“MymomtellsmethatIcan'tcontrolwhathappenstome,”Nataliesays,“butIcanalwayschoosehowIdealwithit.”Natalie'schoicewastohelp.Shecreatedawebsitepagematchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp.NataliepostedintroductionaboutaboynamedPatrick,wholosthisbaseballcardcollectingwhenhishouseburneddown.Withindays,Patrick'scollectionwasreplaced.Inthecomingmonths,herwebsitepagehelpedlotsofkids:Christopher,whoreceivedanewbasketball;Charlie,whogotanewkeyboard.Nataliealsoworkedwithotherorganizationstobringmuch?needsuppliestoRockaway.Hereffortsmadeherafamousperson.LastApril,shewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChange.Today,thescars(疮痍)ofdestructionarestillseeninRockaway,buthopeisintheair.Thestreetsareclear,andmanyhomeshavebeenrebuilt.“Ican'timaginelivinganywherebutRockaway,”Nataliedeclares.“Myneighborhoodwillbeback,evenstrongerthanbefore.”写前导读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Natalie的家乡Rockaway遭受了飓风桑迪的侵袭以及灾后Natalie和当地居民对家乡重建所付出的努力。[精彩范文] 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