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2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
北京卷·英语
本试卷共11页，共100分．考试时长90分钟．
考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效．
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．
第一部分
知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．
Recently，I
took
a
trip
home
by
train．I
got
a
seat
opposite
a
middle-aged
man
with
sharp
eyes，who
kept____1____a
young
woman
in
a
window
seat
with
a
little
boy
on
her
lap．The
woman's
eye
fell
on
the
man's
face，and
she
immediately
looked
down
and____2____her
scarf．
As
the
night
wore
on，people
began
to
close
their
eyes，but
the
seats
were
so
uncomfortable
that
only
a
very
heavy
sleeper
could
manage
to
get
any____3____．The
woman
looked
over
at
the
man．He
was
still
staring
at
her．She
looked
back
at
him
with
fire
in
her
eyes．I
was
beginning
to
get____4____，too．
The
train
moved
on．The
little
boy
was
____5____
awake
on
his
mother's
lap，but
the
woman
dropped
off
to
sleep．A
moment
later，he
began
to____6____the
half-open
window—one
leg
went
over
it．The
man
jumped
up
and
____7____the
child
just
before
he
fell
out．
The____8____
woke
up
the
woman．She
seemed
to
be
in____9____，and
then
reality
dawned
（显现）．“Your
child
has
been
looking
for
an
opportunity
to
climb
out
of
the
window，”the
man
said
as
he
gave
the
child
back
to
her.
．“So
I
have
been
watching
the
whole
time．”The
woman
was
_____10_____，and
so
was
I．
1.
A.
guiding
B.
bothering
C.
watching
D.
monitoring
2.
A.
adjusted
B.
changed
C.
packed
D.
waved
3.
A.
air
B.
joy
C.
space
D.
rest
4.
A.
nervous
B.
embarrassed
C.
angry
D.
disappointed
5.
A.
almost
B.
still
C.
hardly
D.
even
6.
A.
drag
B.
climb
C.
knock
D.
push
7.
A.
grabbed
B.
rocked
C.
touched
D.
picked
8.
A.
alarm
B.
quarrel
C.
risk
D.
noise
9.
A.
sorrow
B.
relief
C.
panic
D.
pain
10.
A.
astonished
B.
confused
C.
concerned
D.
inspired
【答案】1.
C
2.
A
3.
D
4.
C
5.
B
6.
B
7.
A
8.
D
9.
C
10.
A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了火车上一位男子救下了爬上窗户的顽皮孩子的善举，最初孩子的母亲因为男子总是盯着他们，对男子的第一印象不好，而最后得知原因十分惊讶。故事告诉我们很多事情不能只看表面。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我坐在一位中年男子对面的座位上，他目光敏锐，一直在注视着一位坐在靠窗座位上的年轻女子，她的腿上坐着一个小男孩。A.
guiding
带领；B.
bothering
打扰；C.
watching
看着；
D.
monitoring监控。根据上文“with
sharp
eyes”（有着敏锐的目光）以及下文第二段“He
was
still
staring
at
her．”（他仍然盯着她看。）可知，中年男子一直在看着女子，故选C。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：女人的目光落在了男人的脸上，她立刻低下头，整理了一下围巾。A.
adjusted
调整；B.
changed改变；
C.
packed
包装
；D.
waved
挥动，根据空格处and
前的动词低下头和空格后的围巾，可知女人因为感到尴尬而低头故意整理围巾，故选A。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：夜渐渐深了，人们开始闭上眼睛，但座位太不舒服了，只有睡得很沉的人才能设法休息。A.
air
空气；B.
joy
娱乐；C.
space
空间；D.
rest
休息。根据空格前点明时间是夜晚了和后面睡得很沉的人，可知是为了获得一些休息。故选D。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我也开始生气了。
A.
nervous
紧张的；B.
embarrassed
尴尬的；C.
angry生气的；D.
disappointed
失望的。根据with
fire
in
her
eyes以及空格后too，可知“我”和女人的情绪是一样愤怒生气的，故选C。
【5题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：小男孩躺在妈妈的腿上还醒着，但是妈妈已经睡着了。A.
almost
几乎；B.
still
仍然；C.
hardly几乎不；D.
even甚至。根据but
the
woman
dropped
off
to
sleep，可知母亲已经睡着，男孩是醒着的，推断出来是仍然醒着的。故选B。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：过了一会儿，他开始爬上半开着的窗户——一条腿跨过了窗户。A.
drag拖拉；B.
climb
爬上；C.
knock敲打；D.
push推动。根据空格后one
leg
went
over
it，可知小孩是在爬窗户，脚才迈了出去，故选B。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在孩子掉下去之前，那人跳起来抓住了他。A.
grabbed
抓着；B.
rocked
摇晃；C.
touched
接触；D.
picked挑选。根据before
he
fell
out可知，男人跳起来是为了阻止孩子掉下去，所以要抓住他，故选A。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：噪音把那个女人吵醒了。A.
alarm
闹钟；B.
quarrel吵架；C.
risk
风险；D.
noise噪音。根据上文The
man
jumped
up
and
grabbed
the
child
just
before
he
fell
out可知，男人和孩子一定是弄出了很大动静和声音，故选D。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她似乎在恐慌，然后明白过来。A.
sorrow悲伤；B.
relief减轻；C.
panic恐慌；
D.
pain痛苦。根据上文可知，女人一醒来看到男人抓着自己的孩子，女人对男人的印象不好，因此作为母亲一定是很恐慌的，故选C。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：女人很惊讶，我也很惊讶。A.
astonished惊讶；B.
confused
困惑的；C.
concerned
关心的；D.
inspired受到鼓舞的。根据空格前的对话“Your
child
has
been
looking
for
an
opportunity
to
climb
out
of
the
window，”the
man
said
as
he
gave
the
child
back
to
her..“So
I
have
been
watching
the
whole
time.”(“你的孩子一直在找机会爬出窗户，”男人说着把孩子还给了她。“所以我一直在看。”),可知女人对男人的印象不好，但是男人却救了他们的孩子，所以最后女人是感到意外和惊讶的，故选A。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Why
do
we
dream？Scientists
aren't
completely
sure,and
they
have
diverse____11____
(idea)．Dreams
might
be
a
side
effect
of
memory
making.When
you
sleep,your
brain
sorts
through
everything
____12____
happened
during
the
day，trying
to
link
new
experiences
to
old
memories.As
it
____13____
(connect)
things，your
brain
tums
them
into
a
story,and
you
get
a
dream．
【答案】11.
ideas
12.
that
13.
connects
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了我们为什么会做梦的原因。
【11题详解】
考查可数名词的数。句意：科学家们还不能完全确定，他们有不同的想法。diverse“不同的，多种多样的”，形容词作定语，后接可数名词复数；idea想法，可数名词。故填ideas。
【12题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意：当它连接事物时，你的大脑将它们变成一个故事，然后你就得到了一个梦。由主句谓语动词tums可知，空处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数it，所以空处谓语动词需用单数。故填connects。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Sam
is
an
in-real-life
streamer（播主），and
he
live
streams
himself
just
going
about
his
day．While
riding
his
bike
home
____14____
a
cold
night，he
came
across
a
sad-looking
elderly
woman
wandering
the
streets
by
herself．The
poor
woman
wasn't
able
to
give
him
any
information
about
____15____
she
lived．Sam
walked
her
to
a
nearby
convenience
store
so
that
she
could
____16____（safe）
wait
for
the
police
to
take
her
home．
【答案】14.
on
15.
where
16.
safely
【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了生活博主Sam救助一个老妇人的故事。
【14题详解】
考查介词。句意：在一个寒冷的夜晚，当他骑着自行车回家时，他遇到了一个看起来悲伤的老妇人独自在街上游荡。表示“在具体的某一天”或“（在具体的某一天的）早上、中午、晚上”等，须用介词on。故填on。
【15题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住在哪里。介词about后是宾语从句，根据句意，此处用where“在哪里；……的地方”符合句意，从句中作地点状语，故填where。
【16题详解】
考查副词。句意：山姆带她去了附近的一家便利店，这样她就可以安全地等警察带她回家了。修饰动词wait用副词作状语，故填safely。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
There
____17____(be)
a
dramatic
rise
in
the
number
of
extreme
weather
events
over
the
past
20
years,____18____(cause)
largely
by
rising
global
temperatures,according
to
a
new
report
from
the
United
Nations.
From
2000
to
2019,
there
were
7,348
major
natural
disasters
around
the
world,____19____(result)
in
USD
2,970
billion
in
economic
loss．Much
of
this
increase
can
be
due
to
climate
change.
The
findings
show
a
critical
need
____20____
(invest)
in
disaster
prevention.
【答案】17.
has
been
18.
caused
19.
resulting
20.
to
invest
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章指出过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的，引发重大自然灾害，造成了极大的经济损失，因此人们急需投资于灾害预防。
【17题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over
the
past
20
years可知，此处使用现在完成时，a
dramatic
rise是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has
been。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。a
dramatic
rise
in
the
number
of
extreme
weather
events与cause是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动。故填caused。
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：2000年至2019年，全球共发生重大自然灾害7348起，造成经济损失2.97万亿美元。7,348
major
natural
disasters
around
the
world与result是逻辑主谓关系，且表示一种自然的结果，应用现在分词，作结果状语。故填resulting。
【20题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：研究结果表明，急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知，此处表示未来的动作，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to
invest。
第二部分
阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．
A
If
you
are
planning
to
start
a
career
in
the
field
of
education，science，or
culture，then
an
internship（实习）
at
UNESCO
will
be
ideal
for
you．
Who
can
apply？
You
have
completed
your
full-time
university
studies；or．
You
are
studying
in
a
graduate
program
for
a
master's
degree．
Applicants
in
technical
assignments
must
have
reached
the
last
year
of
their
studies
in
a
technical
institution．
What
are
the
requirements？
You
must
be
at
least
20
years
old．
You
should
have
a
good
command
（掌握）
of
either
English
or
French．
You
must
have
an
excellent
knowledge
of
office-related
software．
You
should
be
able
to
work
well
in
a
team
and
adapt
to
an
international
working
environment．
You
should
possess
strong
interpersonal
and
communication
skills．
What
do
you
need
to
prepare？
Visa：You
should
obtain
the
necessary
visas．
Travel：You
must
arrange
and
finance
your
travel
to
and
from
the
location
where
you
will
do
your
internship．
Medical
insurance：You
must
show
proof
of
a
comprehensive
health
insurance
valid（有效的）in
the
target
country
for
the
entire
period
of
the
internship．UNESCO
will
provide
limited
insurance
coverage
up
to
USD30,000
for
the
internship
period．
Medical
certificate：You
must
provide
a
medical
certificate
indicating
you
are
fit
to
work．
Motivation
letter：You
should
have
your
motivation
letter
ready
before
filling
out
the
application
form．
Your
application
will
be
accessed
by
UNESCO
managers
and
will
stay
in
our
database
for
six
months．We
do
not
respond
to
every
candidate．If
selected，you
will
be
contacted
by
a
manager．If
you
do
not
receive
any
update
within
six
months，it
means
that
your
application
has
not
been
successful．
21.
According
to
this
passage，applicants
are
required
to________．
A.
hold
a
master's
degree
in
science
B.
have
international
work
experience
C.
be
fluent
in
either
English
or
French
D.
present
a
letter
from
a
technical
institution
22.
What
will
UNESCO
provide
for
the
internship
period？
A.
Limited
medical
insurance
coverage．
B.
Training
in
communication
skills．
C.
A
medical
certificate
for
work．
D.
Financial
support
for
travel．
23.
What
should
applicants
do
before
filling
out
the
application
form？
A.
Contact
UNESCO
managers．
B.
Get
access
to
the
database．
C.
Keep
a
motivation
letter
at
hand．
D.
Work
in
a
team
for
six
months．
【答案】21.
C
22.
A
23.
C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，主要讲的是联合国教科文组织的实习项目。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据What
are
the
requirements？部分的You
should
have
a
good
command
（掌握）
of
either
English
or
French（你应该精通英语或法语）可知，申请者必须精通英语或法语，故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据What
do
you
need
to
prepare？部分的UNESCO
will
provide
limited
insurance
coverage
up
to
USD30,000
for
the
internship
period（联合国教科文组织将为实习期间提供不超过3万美元的有限保险）可知，教科文组织为实习期间提供有限的医疗保险，故选A。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的You
should
have
your
motivation
letter
ready
before
filling
out
the
application
form（在填写申请表之前，你应该准备好你的动机信）可知，在填写申请表之前，申请人应将动机信放在手边，故选C。
B
I
remember
the
day
during
our
first
week
of
class
when
we
were
informed
about
our
semester（学期）
project
of
volunteering
at
a
non-profit
organization．When
the
teacher
introduced
us
to
the
different
organizations
that
needed
our
help，my
last
choice
was
Operation
Iraqi
Children
（OIC）．My
first
impression
of
the
organization
was
that
it
was
not
going
to
make
enough
of
a
difference
with
the
plans
I
had
in
mind．
Then，an
OIC
representative
gave
us
some
details，which
somewhat
interested
me．After
doing
some
research，
I
believed
that
we
could
really
do
something
for
those
kids．When
I
went
online
to
the
OIC
website，I
saw
pictures
of
the
Iraqi
children．Their
faces
were
so
powerful
in
sending
a
message
of
their
despair（绝望）
and
need
that
I
joined
this
project
without
hesitation．We
decided
to
collect
as
many
school
supplies
as
possible，and
make
them
into
kits——one
kit，one
child．
The
most
rewarding
day
for
our
group
was
project
day，when
all
the
efforts
we
put
into
collecting
the
items
finally
came
together．When
I
saw
the
various
supplies
we
had
collected，it
hit
me
that
every
kit
we
were
to
build
that
day
would
eventually
be
in
the
hands
of
an
Iraqi
child．Over
the
past
four
months，I
had
never
imagined
how
I
would
feel
once
our
project
was
completed．While
making
the
kits，I
realized
that
I
had
lost
sight
of
the
true
meaning
behind
it．I
had
only
focused
on
the
fact
that
it
was
another
school
project
and
one
I
wanted
to
get
a
good
grade
on．When
the
kits
were
completed，and
ready
to
be
sent
overseas，the
warm
feeling
I
had
was
one
I
would
never
forget．
In
the
beginning，I
dared
myself
to
make
a
difference
in
the
life
of
another
person．Now
that
our
project
is
over，I
realize
that
I
have
affected
not
only
one
life，but
ten．With
our
efforts，ten
young
boys
and
girls
will
now
be
able
to
further
their
education．
24.
How
did
the
author
feel
about
joining
the
OIC
project
in
the
beginning？
A.
It
would
affect
his/her
initial
plans．
B.
It
would
involve
traveling
overseas．
C
It
would
not
bring
him/her
a
good
grade．
D.
It
would
not
live
up
to
his/her
expectations．
25.
What
mainly
helped
the
author
change
his/her
attitude
toward
the
project？
A.
Images
of
Iraqi
children．
B.
Research
by
his/her
classmates．
C.
A
teacher's
introduction．
D.
A
representative's
comments．
26.
The
author's
OIC
project
group
would
help
ten
Iraqi
children
to________．.
A.
become
OIC
volunteers
B.
further
their
education
C.
study
in
foreign
countries
D.
influence
other
children
27.
What
can
we
conclude
from
this
passage？
A.
One's
potential
cannot
always
be
underrated．
B.
First
impression
cannot
always
be
trusted．
C.
Actions
speak
louder
than
words．
D.
He
who
hesitates
is
lost．
【答案】24.
D
25.
A
26.
B
27.
B
【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者一开始认为加入伊拉克儿童行动项目不会达到他的期望，但是最后通过努力对自己和他人带来影响，说明第一印象不总是可信的。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“When
the
teacher
introduced
us
to
the
different
organizations
that
needed
our
help，my
last
choice
was
Operation
Iraqi
Children
（OIC）．My
first
impression
of
the
organization
was
that
it
was
not
going
to
make
enough
of
a
difference
with
the
plans
I
had
in
mind．”（当老师向我们介绍了需要我们帮助的不同组织时，我最后的选择是伊拉克儿童行动(OIC)。我对这个组织的第一印象是，它不会对我心中的计划产生足够的影响。）可知，一开始作者认为加入伊拉克儿童行动项目不会达到他的期望。故选D。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“When
I
went
online
to
the
OIC
website，I
saw
pictures
of
the
Iraqi
children．Their
faces
were
so
powerful
in
sending
a
message
of
their
despair（绝望）
and
need
that
I
joined
this
project
without
hesitation．”（当我上网访问OIC
网站时，我看到了伊拉克儿童的照片。他们的脸上传递的信息是绝望和需要帮助，我毫不犹豫地加入了这个项目。）可知，伊拉克儿童图片帮助作者改变了他对这个项目的态度。故选A。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Now
that
our
project
is
over，I
realize
that
I
have
affected
not
only
one
life，but
ten．With
our
efforts，ten
young
boys
and
girls
will
now
be
able
to
further
their
education．”（现在我们的项目结束了，我意识到我不仅影响了一个人的生活，而且影响了十个人的生活。在我们的努力下，10名男孩和女孩现在将能够继续接受教育。）可知，作者的伊拉克儿童行动组织帮助十个伊拉克儿童继续接受教育。故选B。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“My
first
impression
of
the
organization
was
that
it
was
not
going
to
make
enough
of
a
difference
with
the
plans
I
had
in
mind．”（我对这个组织的第一印象是，它不会对我心中的计划产生足够的影响。）和最后一段“In
the
beginning，I
dared
myself
to
make
a
difference
in
the
life
of
another
person．Now
that
our
project
is
over，I
realize
that
I
have
affected
not
only
one
life，but
ten．With
our
efforts，ten
young
boys
and
girls
will
now
be
able
to
further
their
education．”（一开始，我鼓励自己去改变另一个人的生活。现在我们的项目结束了，我意识到我不仅影响了一个人的生活，而且影响了十个人的生活。在我们的努力下，十名男孩和女孩现在将能够继续接受教育。）可知，一开始作者认为加入伊拉克儿童行动不会达到他的期望，但是最后通过努力对自己和他人带来影响，说明第一印象不总是可信的。故选B。
【点睛】
C
Hundreds
of
scientists,
writers
and
academics
sounded
a
warning
to
humanity
in
an
open
letter
published
last
December:
Policymakers
and
the
rest
of
us
must
engage
openly
with
the
risk
of
global
collapse.
Researchers
in
many
areas
have
projected
the
widespread
collapse
as
“a
credible
scenario(情景)
this
century”.
A
survey
of
scientists
found
that
extreme
weather
events,
food
insecurity,
and
freshwater
shortages
might
create
global
collapse.
Of
course,
if
you
are
a
non-human
species,
collapse
is
well
underway.
The
call
for
public
engagement
with
the
unthinkable
is
especially
germane
in
this
moment
of
still-uncontrolled
pandemic
and
economic
crises
in
the
world's
most
technologically
advanced
nations.
Not
very
long
ago,
it
was
also
unthinkable
that
a
virus
would
shut
down
nations
and
that
safety
nets
would
be
proven
so
disastrously
lacking
in
flexibility.
The
international
scholars’
warning
letter
doesn't
say
exactly
what
collapse
will
look
like
or
when
it
might
happen.
Collapseology,
the
study
of
collapse,
is
more
concerned
with
identifying
trends
and
with
them
the
dangers
of
everyday
civilization.
Among
the
signatories(签署者)
of
the
warning
was
Bob
Johnson,
the
originator
of
the
“ecological
footprint”
concept,
which
measures
the
total
amount
of
environmental
input
needed
to
maintain
a
given
lifestyle.
With
the
current
footprint
of
humanity,
“it
seems
that
global
collapse
is
certain
to
happen
in
some
form,
possibly
within
a
decade,
certainly
within
this
century,”
Johnson
said
in
an
email.
“Only
if
we
discuss
the
consequences
of
our
biophysical
limits,”
the
December
warning
letter
says,
“can
we
have
the
hope
to
reduce
their
speed,
severity
and
harm”.
And
yet
messengers
of
the
coming
disturbance
are
likely
to
be
ignored.
We
all
want
to
hope
things
will
turn
out
fine.
As
a
poet
wrote,
Man
is
a
victim
of
dope(麻醉品)
In
the
incurable
form
of
hope.
The
hundreds
of
scholars
who
signed
the
letter
are
intent(执着)
on
quieting
hope
that
ignores
preparedness.
“Let's
look
directly
into
the
issue
of
collapse,”
they
say,
“and
deal
with
the
terrible
possibilities
of
what
we
see
there
to
make
the
best
of
a
troubling
future.”
28.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“germane”
in
Paragraph
3
probably
mean?
A.
Scientific.
B.
Credible.
C.
Original.
D.
Relevant.
29.
As
for
the
public
awareness
of
global
collapse,
the
author
is________.
A.
worried
B.
puzzled
C.
surprised
D.
scared
30.
What
can
we
learn
from
this
passage?
A.
The
signatories
may
change
the
biophysical
limits.
B.
The
author
agrees
with
the
message
of
the
poem.
C.
The
issue
of
collapse
is
being
prioritized.
D.
The
global
collapse
is
well
underway.
【答案】28.
D
29.
A
30.
B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章阐述了全球崩塌（global
collapse）的概念。数百名科学家、作家和学者在去年12月发表的一封公开信中向全人类发出了警告：政策制定者和我们每个人必须直面“全球崩塌”的风险。文章具体阐释了学者们对这一概念的定义、理解和它的现实意义。
【28题详解】
词义猜测题。根据该词所在的具体语境，第三段第一句“The
call
for
public
engagement
with
the
unthinkable
is
especially
germane
in
this
moment
of
still-uncontrolled
pandemic
and
economic
crises
in
the
world's
most
technologically
advanced
nations.”（呼吁公众对世界不确定性的关注，尤其与此时此刻的情况密切相关：此时此刻，在世界上技术最先进的国家，仍处于无法控制流行病和经济危机的泥潭中），下文也提到，一场病毒肆虐，一个国家社会停止了运转，大流行无法控制，经济下行，这样的事情在不久之前都是无法想象，不可思议（unthinkable）的，即世界充满了不确定性。而此时此刻呼吁人们对这种unthinkable加以关注，正是和此时此刻的世界实况密切相关。A.
Scientific科学的；B.
Credible可信的，可靠的；C.
Original原来的，原创的；D.
Relevant相关的，有重大关系的。根据上面的分析，仅有D符合语境，故选D。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。本题要求判断作者的情感态度，根据原文第五段“yet
messengers
of
the
coming
disturbance
are
likely
to
be
ignored.
We
all
want
to
hope
things
will
turn
out
fine.”（然而未来崩溃的先行信号很可能被忽略，我们都希望事情在未来会变好）和倒数最后一段的呼吁，例如“Let's
look
directly
into
the
issue
of
collapse,”
they
say,
“and
deal
with
the
terrible
possibilities
of
what
we
see
there
to
make
the
best
of
a
troubling
future.”（他们说，“让我们直面全球崩塌的议题，真正去解决我们看到的可能的糟糕情况，以便使未来没那么糟。”）可知，作者认为公众对“全球崩塌”的重视意识不够，比较担心，A.
worried担忧的；B.
puzzled困惑的，茫然的；C.
surprised惊讶的；D.
scared害怕的，综合以上的分析，可见作者对此是“担忧的”，故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。原文诗歌“Man
is
a
victim
of
dope;
In
the
incurable
form
of
hope.”（人类是麻醉品的受害者；沉迷于无可救药的幻想中）表达的是，人类无视未来全球崩塌的巨大危险，把头埋进沙子里，假装不知道，充满不切实际的幻想和希望。而诗歌前面的段落就提到“yet
messengers
of
the
coming
disturbance
are
likely
to
be
ignored.
We
all
want
to
hope
things
will
turn
out
fine.”（然而未来崩溃的先行信号很可能被忽略，我们都希望事情在未来会变好），结合上下文，这里指的是人们都幻想着未来就会变好。诗歌之后的最后一段则提到执着于“quieting
hope
that
ignores
preparedness.”（掐灭不做准备的空有幻想），接着又借学者之口，提到“Let's
look
directly
into
the
issue
of
collapse,”
they
say,
“and
deal
with
the
terrible
possibilities
of
what
we
see
there
to
make
the
best
of
a
troubling
future.”（他们说，“让我们直面全球崩塌的议题，真正去解决我们看到的可能的糟糕情况，以便使未来没那么糟。”）可见，上下文一脉相承，表达相同的一方观点，未对另一方的观点有任何呈现，理解文章后可知，作者有明显的态度倾向，作者对于这首诗表达的信息是赞同的，故选B。
D
Early
fifth-century
philosopher
St．Augustine
famously
wrote
that
he
knew
what
time
was
unless
someone
asked
him．Albert
Einstein
added
another
wrinkle
when
he
theorized
that
time
varies
depending
on
where
you
measure
it．Today's
state-of-the-art
atomic（原子的）
clocks
have
proven
Einstein
right．Even
advanced
physics
can't
decisively
tell
us
what
time
is,
because
the
answer
depends
on
the
question
you're
asking．
Forget
about
time
as
an
absolute．What
if，instead
of
considering
time
in
terms
of
astronomy,we
related
time
to
ecology？What
if
we
allowed
environmental
conditions
to
set
the
tempo（节奏）
of
human
life？We're
increasingly
aware
of
the
fact
that
we
can't
control
Earth
systems
with
engineering
alone，and
realizing
that
we
need
to
moderate（调节）our
actions
if
we
hope
to
live
in
balance．What
if
our
definition
of
time
reflected
that？
Recently，I
conceptualized
a
new
approach
to
timekeeping
that's
connected
to
circumstances
on
our
planet，conditions
that
might
change
as
a
result
of
global
warming．We're
now
building
a
clock
at
the
Anchorage
Museum
that
reflects
the
total
flow
of
several
major
Alaskan
rivers，which
are
sensitive
to
local
and
global
environmental
changes．We've
programmed
it
to
match
an
atomic
clock
if
the
waterways
continue
to
flow
at
their
present
rate．If
the
rivers
run
faster
in
the
future
on
average，the
clock
will
get
ahead
of
standard
time．If
they
run
slower，you'll
see
the
opposite
effect．
The
clock
registers
both
short-term
irregularities
and
long-term
trends
in
river
dynamics．It's
a
sort
of
observatory
that
reveals
how
the
rivers
are
behaving
from
their
own
temporal
frame（时间框架），and
allows
us
to
witness
those
changes
on
our
smartwatches
or
phones．Anyone
who
opts
to
go
on
Alaska
Mean
River
Time
will
live
in
harmony
with
the
planet．Anyone
who
considers
river
time
in
relation
to
atomic
time
will
encounter
a
major
imbalance
and
may
be
motivated
to
counteract
it
by
consuming
less
fuel
or
supporting
greener
policies．
Even
if
this
method
of
timekeeping
is
novel
in
its
particulars，early
agricultural
societies
also
connected
time
to
natural
phenomena．In
pre-Classical
Greece，for
instance，people“corrected”official
calendars
by
shifting
dates
forward
or
backward
to
reflect
the
change
of
season．Temporal
connection
to
the
environment
was
vital
to
their
survival．Likewise，river
time
and
other
timekeeping
systems
we're
developing
may
encourage
environmental
awareness．
When
St．Augustine
admitted
his
inability
to
define
time，
he
highlighted
one
of
time
's
most
noticeable
qualities：Time
becomes
meaningful
only
in
a
defined
context．Any
timekeeping
system
is
valid，and
each
is
as
praiseworthy
as
its
purpose．
31
What
is
the
main
idea
of
Paragraph
1？
A.
Timekeeping
is
increasingly
related
to
nature．
B.
Everyone
can
define
time
on
their
own
terms．
C.
The
qualities
of
time
vary
with
how
you
measure
it．
D.
Time
is
a
major
concern
of
philosophers
and
scientists．
32.
The
author
raises
three
questions
in
Paragraph
2
mainly
to________．
A.
present
an
assumption
B.
evaluate
an
argument
C.
highlight
an
experiment
D.
introduce
an
approach
33.
What
can
we
learn
from
this
passage？
A.
Those
who
do
not
go
on
river
time
will
live
an
imbalanced
life．
B.
New
ways
of
measuring
time
can
help
to
control
Earth
systems．
C.
Atomic
time
will
get
ahead
of
river
time
if
the
rivers
run
slower．
D.
Modern
technology
may
help
to
shape
the
rivers’
temporal
frame．
34.
What
can
we
infer
from
this
passage？
A.
It
is
crucial
to
improve
the
definition
of
time．
B.
A
fixed
frame
will
make
time
meaningless．
C.
We
should
live
in
harmony
with
nature．
D.
History
is
a
mirror
reflecting
reality．
【答案】31.
B
32.
D
33.
C
34.
C
【解析】
【分析】本文是议论文。文章通过讨论时间的定义，讲述了人们应该和大自然和谐相处，保护环境。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Even
advanced
physics
can't
decisively
tell
us
what
time
is,
because
the
answer
depends
on
the
question
you're
asking．(即使是先进的物理学也不能决定性地告诉我们时间是什么，因为答案取决于你要问的问题)”以及上文列举的哲学家St．Augustine和爱因斯坦对于时间的定义可推断，第一段主要讲述每个人都可以用自己的话来定义时间。故选B项。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“We're
increasingly
aware
of
the
fact
that
we
can't
control
Earth
systems
with
engineering
alone，and
realizing
that
we
need
to
moderate（调节）our
actions
if
we
hope
to
live
in
balance．(我们越来越意识到，我们不能只是用工程学来控制地球系统，意识到，如果我们希望保持平衡，我们就需要调节我们的行动。)”进而提出问题“What
if
our
definition
of
time
reflected
that？(如果时间的定义反映那些会怎么样呢)”，结合前两个问题“What
if，instead
of
considering
time
in
terms
of
astronomy,
we
related
time
to
ecology？What
if
we
allowed
environmental
conditions
to
set
the
tempo（节奏）
of
human
life？(如果我们不考虑天文学方面的时间，而是将时间与生态学联系起来呢？如果我们允许环境条件来设定人类生活的节奏呢)”可推断，第二段提出的三个问题是为了介绍方法。故选D项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“We've
programmed
it
to
match
an
atomic
clock
if
the
waterways
continue
to
flow
at
their
present
rate．If
the
rivers
run
faster
in
the
future
on
average，the
clock
will
get
ahead
of
standard
time．If
they
run
slower，you'll
see
the
opposite
effect．（如果水道继续以目前的速度流动，我们对它进行了编程，匹配了一个原子时间。如果河流在未来的平均运行速度更快，时间就会超过标准时间。如果它们的运行速度较慢，你就会看到相反的效果。）”可知，如果河流运行速度得较慢，原子时间将超过河流时间。故选C项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“We're
increasingly
aware
of
the
fact
that
we
can't
control
Earth
systems
with
engineering
alone，and
realizing
that
we
need
to
moderate（调节）our
actions
if
we
hope
to
live
in
balance．(我们越来越意识到，我们不能只是用工程学来控制地球系统，意识到，如果我们希望保持平衡，我们就需要调节我们的行动。)”和倒数第二段的“Temporal
connection
to
the
environment
was
vital
to
their
survival．Likewise，river
time
and
other
timekeeping
systems
we're
developing
may
encourage
environmental
awareness(时间与环境的暂时联系对它们的生存至关重要。同样，河流时间和我们正在开发的其他时间保护系统也可能会鼓励人们提高环境意识)”可推断，从这篇文章中我们知道我们应该与自然和谐共处，保护环境。故选C。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．选项中有两项为多余选项．
Music
has
long
been
considered
to
be
an
enjoyable
pastime
for
many
people．
____35____
The
mental
health
benefits
from
music
can't
be
argued．Music
could
also
be
helping
you
with
many
other
health
problems
behind
the
scenes．
____36____However，for
the
same
reason，music
can
be
very
beneficial
if
one
is
in
pain．By
distracting
（分心）
the
mind
from
the
pain，music，people
say，can
lower
stress
and
anxiety
levels．This，of
course，can
lead
to
less
pain．
Many
people
enjoy
relaxing
music
in
the
evening
prior
to
going
to
bed．____37____While
the
validity
of
the
idea
is
still
being
assessed，the
lowered
stress
can
even
be
tied
back
to
blood
pressure．Similarly,
according
to
researchers，listening
to
just
30
minutes
of
soft
music
every
day
may
help
with
healthy
blood
sugar
levels，
through
the
lowering
of
stress
and
anxiety．
When
it
comes
to
heart
health，there
is
speculation
（推测）
that
it's
not
the
style
of
music，
but
rather
the
tempo
that
makes
it
so
good
for
your
heart
health．In
one
European
study，participants
listened
to
music
as
the
researchers
monitored
their
heart
rates
and
blood
pressure．____38____
On
the
other
hand，when
the
music
slowed，the
participants'
stress
and
anxiety
levels
became
lower
and
the
effects
on
heart
rates
appeared
to
follow
suit．
____39____But
there
is
a
whole
range
of
other
health
issues
that
turning
up
the
radio
could
be
beneficial
for，which
is
what
makes
music
so
valuable．
A.
This
feeling
can
also
result
in
many
other
health
problems．
B.
Some
experts
say
that
music
can
be
harmful
if
it
is
too
loud．
C.
This
idea
is
a
little
off-the-wall
but
still
has
scientific
backing．
D.
They
say
it
can
play
a
big
role
in
calming
the
brain
enough
to
sleep．
E.
The
implications
of
music
on
overall
well-being
are
really
impressive．
F.
It
is
also
highly
popular
due
to
the
individualized
effects
on
stress
and
anxiety．
G.
Interestingly，the
more
cheerful
the
music
was，the
faster
their
heart
rates
were．
【答案】35.
F
36.
B
37.
D
38.
G
39.
E
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处。
【35题详解】
空格后说“The
mental
health
benefits
from
music
can't
be
argued”（音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的），F选项It
is
also
highly
popular
due
to
the
individualized
effects
on
stress
and
anxiety中的stress
and
anxiety照应了mental
health
benefits，因此F选项切合题意，故选F。
【36题详解】
空格后说“However，for
the
same
reason，music
can
be
very
beneficial
if
one
is
in
pain”（然而，出于同样的原因，当一个人处于痛苦中时，音乐是非常有益的），However表转折，因此空格处为对音乐的负面评价，B选项Some
experts
say
that
music
can
be
harmful
if
it
is
too
loud中的harmful就是负面评价，因此B选项切合题意，故选B。
【37题详解】
空格前说“Many
people
enjoy
relaxing
music
in
the
evening
prior
to
going
to
bed”（许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听些轻松的音乐），D选项They
say
it
can
play
a
big
role
in
calming
the
brain
enough
to
sleep中的sleep和going
to
bed相呼应，因此D选项切合题意，故选D。
【38题详解】
空格前说“In
one
European
study，participants
listened
to
music
as
the
researchers
monitored
their
heart
rates
and
blood
pressure”（在欧洲的一项研究中，参与者听音乐，研究人员监测他们的心率和血压），G选项Interestingly，the
more
cheerful
the
music
was，the
faster
their
heart
rates
were中的heart
rates和前面的heart
rates相照应，因此G选项切合题意，故选G。
【39题详解】
空格后说“But
there
is
a
whole
range
of
other
health
issues
that
turning
up
the
radio
could
be
beneficial
for，which
is
what
makes
music
so
valuable”（但是，开着收音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益，这就是音乐如此有价值的原因），因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处，E选项The
implications
of
music
on
overall
well-being
are
really
impressive讲的是音乐对整体健康的影响是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E选项切合题意，故选E。
第三部分
书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Recent
research
suggests
that
if
an
argument
gets
resolved，the
emotional
response
tied
to
it
is
significantly
reduced
or
almost
completely
erased．Thus，it
may
be
worth
bringing
up
issues
with
your
friends，
family
members，or
classmates
rather
than
holding
them
back．
There
is
a
difference
between
arguing
and
fighting．Arguing
is
that
you
and
your
opponent
present
your
concerns
and
discuss
the
feelings
and
issues
related
to
those
concerns．You
can
engage
in
an
argument
respectfully
without
stirring
up（激起）
anger．Fighting，however，usually
involves
personal
attacks，raising
of
voices，
and
storming
out．Discussing
your
issues
and
resolving
them
instead
of
stuffing
them
down
can
improve
your
emotional
health．In
a
study，2.000
people
were
asked
to
record
their
feelings
and
experiences
for
eight
days
in
a
row．When
people
had
an
argument
that
they
considered
resolved，
they
had
half
the
reactivity
（情绪反应）
of
those
who
avoided
an
argument．Reactivity
is
an
increase
in
negative
emotions
or
a
decrease
in
positive
emotions．In
other
words，resolving
an
argument
cuts
your
negative
feelings
by
half．One
day
later，
people
who
had
a
resolved
argument
reported
no
increase
of
negative
emotions
compared
with
those
who
avoided
an
argument．
This
means
that
resolving
an
argument
can
feel
like
you
have
reached
a
state
of
resolution——and
you
are
less
likely
to
be
annoyed．
Moreover，the
older
you
are，the
more
likely
you
will
come
to
a
resolution
after
an
argument．This
may
be
because
more
life
experience
usually
leads
to
more
defined
priorities．You
are
more
likely
to
distinguish
between
what
matters
and
what
does
not．
It
is
easier
to
avoid
a
discussion，but
risking
talking
about
it
may
eventually
lead
to
a
better
outcome．
40.
According
to
this
passage，what
is
arguing？
41.
Why
is
it
that“the
older
you
are，
the
more
likely
you
will
come
to
a
resolution
after
an
argument”？
42.
Please
decide
which
part
is
false
in
the
following
statement，then
underline
it
and
explain
why．
Resolving
arguments
can
improve
your
emotional
health，because
it
increases
your
reactivity
and
reduces
the
chance
of
you
getting
angry．
43.
In
addition
to
improving
emotional
health，what
do
you
think
are
some
other
benefits
of
resolving
an
argument？
（In
about
40
words）
【答案】40.
Arguing
is
discussing
your
worries，related
feelings
and
problems
with
the
other
party．
41.
It
is
because
more
life
experience
may
help
people
better
identify
priorities
in
life．
42.
Resolving
arguments
can
improve
your
emotional
health，because
it
increases
your
reactivity
and
reduces
the
chance
of
you
getting
angry．Resolving
arguments
helps
to
decrease
your
reactivity．
43.
Resolving
arguments
can
also
improve
people's
logical
thinking
and
resilience,
and
improve
their
relationship
with
each
other.（参考答案）
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。最近的研究表明，如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除。因此，向你的朋友、家人或同学提出问题可能是值得的，而不是阻止他们。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“Arguing
is
that
you
and
your
opponent
present
your
concerns
and
discuss
the
feelings
and
issues
related
to
those
concerns．”（争论是你和你的对手提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。）可知，争论是提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。故答案为Arguing
is
discussing
your
worries，related
feelings
and
problems
with
the
other
party．
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段“Moreover，the
older
you
are，the
more
likely
you
will
come
to
a
resolution
after
an
argument．This
may
be
because
more
life
experience
usually
leads
to
more
defined
priorities．You
are
more
likely
to
distinguish
between
what
matters
and
what
does
not．”（而且，年纪越大，越有可能在争吵后找到解决办法。这可能是因为更多的生活经历通常会导致更明确的优先事项。你更有可能区分什么是重要的，什么是不重要的。）可知，更多的生活经验可以帮助人们更好地确定生活中的优先事项。故答案填It
is
because
more
life
experience
may
help
people
better
identify
priorities
in
life．
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“Recent
research
suggests
that
if
an
argument
gets
resolved，the
emotional
response
tied
to
it
is
significantly
reduced
or
almost
completely
erased．”（如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎）可知，解决争吵可以改善你的情绪健康，因为它增加你的反应，减少你生气的机会。解决争论有助于降低你的反应性，而不是增加你的反应力。故答案为Resolving
arguments
can
improve
your
emotional
health，because
it
increases
your
reactivity
and
reduces
the
chance
of
you
getting
angry．Resolving
arguments
helps
to
decrease
your
reactivity．
【43题详解】
考查开放思维。解决争吵也可以提高人们的逻辑思维能力和应变能力，使得相互之间的关系得到升华。故可能答案版本一为Resolving
arguments
can
also
improve
people's
logical
thinking
and
resilience,
and
improve
their
relationship
with
each
other.
第二节（20分）
44.
【北京卷】假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你和英国好友Jim原定本周末一起外出，你因故不能赴约。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.表达歉意并说明原因；
2.提出建议并给出理由。
注意：
1词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear
Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li
Hua
【答案】Dear
Jim,
I’m
sorry
to
inform
you
that
I
can’t
go
out
with
you
this
weekend.
I’ve
just
been
told
that
I
have
to
go
and
visit
my
sick
grandfather
in
the
countryside,
who
was
suddenly
admitted
to
the
hospital.
I
hope
the
change
won’t
cause
you
too
much
trouble.
How
about
going
out
next
Saturday
morning?
If
it’s
convenient
for
you,
let’s
meet
at
the
school
gate
at
9:
00.
Please
let
me
know
what
time
suits
you
best.
I
should
be
available
anytime
next
weekend.
In
addition,
next
Saturday,
there
will
be
a
flower
show
in
Beihai
Park.
Then
we
can
go
to
see
the
flowers
together.
I
am
looking
forward
to
your
early
reply.
Yours,
Li
Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国好友Jim写一封电子邮件，就因故不能赴约而致歉并建议再约。
【详解】1.词汇积累
通知：tell→inform
麻烦：problem→trouble
怎么样：what
about→how
about
适合：fit→suit
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I
should
be
available
anytime
next
weekend.
拓展句：I
should
be
available
anytime
next
weekend
so
that
I
can
go
out
with
you
and
have
a
good
time.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
I’m
sorry
to
inform
you
that
I
can’t
go
out
with
you
this?weekend.
(运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2]
I’ve
just
been
told
that
I
have
to
go
and
visit
my
sick
grandfather
in
the
countryside,
who
was
suddenly
admitted
to
the
hospital.
(运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型3]
Please
let
me
know
what
time
suits
you
best.(运用了what引导的宾语从句)2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
北京卷·英语
本试卷共11页，共100分．考试时长90分钟．
考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效．
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．
第一部分
知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．
Recently，I
took
a
trip
home
by
train．I
got
a
seat
opposite
a
middle-aged
man
with
sharp
eyes，who
kept____1____a
young
woman
in
a
window
seat
with
a
little
boy
on
her
lap．The
woman's
eye
fell
on
the
man's
face，and
she
immediately
looked
down
and____2____her
scarf．
As
the
night
wore
on，people
began
to
close
their
eyes，but
the
seats
were
so
uncomfortable
that
only
a
very
heavy
sleeper
could
manage
to
get
any____3____．The
woman
looked
over
at
the
man．He
was
still
staring
at
her．She
looked
back
at
him
with
fire
in
her
eyes．I
was
beginning
to
get____4____，too．
The
train
moved
on．The
little
boy
was
____5____
awake
on
his
mother's
lap，but
the
woman
dropped
off
to
sleep．A
moment
later，he
began
to____6____the
half-open
window—one
leg
went
over
it．The
man
jumped
up
and
____7____the
child
just
before
he
fell
out．
The____8____
woke
up
the
woman．She
seemed
to
be
in____9____，and
then
reality
dawned
（显现）．“Your
child
has
been
looking
for
an
opportunity
to
climb
out
of
the
window，”the
man
said
as
he
gave
the
child
back
to
her.
．“So
I
have
been
watching
the
whole
time．”The
woman
was
_____10_____，and
so
was
I．
1.
A.
guiding
B.
bothering
C.
watching
D.
monitoring
2.
A.
adjusted
B.
changed
C.
packed
D.
waved
3.
A.
air
B.
joy
C.
space
D.
rest
4.
A.
nervous
B.
embarrassed
C.
angry
D.
disappointed
5.
A.
almost
B.
still
C.
hardly
D.
even
6
A.
drag
B.
climb
C.
knock
D.
push
7.
A.
grabbed
B.
rocked
C.
touched
D.
picked
8.
A.
alarm
B.
quarrel
C.
risk
D.
noise
9.
A.
sorrow
B.
relief
C.
panic
D.
pain
10.
A.
astonished
B.
confused
C.
concerned
D.
inspired
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Why
do
we
dream？Scientists
aren't
completely
sure,and
they
have
diverse____11____
(idea)．Dreams
might
be
a
side
effect
of
memory
making.When
you
sleep,your
brain
sorts
through
everything
____12____
happened
during
the
day，trying
to
link
new
experiences
to
old
memories.As
it
____13____
(connect)
things，your
brain
tums
them
into
a
story,and
you
get
a
dream．
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Sam
is
an
in-real-life
streamer（播主），and
he
live
streams
himself
just
going
about
his
day．While
riding
his
bike
home
____14____
a
cold
night，he
came
across
a
sad-looking
elderly
woman
wandering
the
streets
by
herself．The
poor
woman
wasn't
able
to
give
him
any
information
about
____15____
she
lived．Sam
walked
her
to
a
nearby
convenience
store
so
that
she
could
____16____（safe）
wait
for
the
police
to
take
her
home．
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
There
____17____(be)
a
dramatic
rise
in
the
number
of
extreme
weather
events
over
the
past
20
years,____18____(cause)
largely
by
rising
global
temperatures,according
to
a
new
report
from
the
United
Nations.
From
2000
to
2019,
there
were
7,348
major
natural
disasters
around
the
world,____19____(result)
in
USD
2,970
billion
in
economic
loss．Much
of
this
increase
can
be
due
to
climate
change.
The
findings
show
a
critical
need
____20____
(invest)
in
disaster
prevention.
第二部分
阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．
A
If
you
are
planning
to
start
a
career
in
the
field
of
education，science，or
culture，then
an
internship（实习）
at
UNESCO
will
be
ideal
for
you．
Who
can
apply？
You
have
completed
your
full-time
university
studies；or．
You
are
studying
in
a
graduate
program
for
a
master's
degree．
Applicants
in
technical
assignments
must
have
reached
the
last
year
of
their
studies
in
a
technical
institution．
What
are
the
requirements？
You
must
be
at
least
20
years
old．
You
should
have
a
good
command
（掌握）
of
either
English
or
French．
You
must
have
an
excellent
knowledge
of
office-related
software．
You
should
be
able
to
work
well
in
a
team
and
adapt
to
an
international
working
environment．
You
should
possess
strong
interpersonal
and
communication
skills．
What
do
you
need
to
prepare？
Visa：You
should
obtain
the
necessary
visas．
Travel：You
must
arrange
and
finance
your
travel
to
and
from
the
location
where
you
will
do
your
internship．
Medical
insurance：You
must
show
proof
of
a
comprehensive
health
insurance
valid（有效的）in
the
target
country
for
the
entire
period
of
the
internship．UNESCO
will
provide
limited
insurance
coverage
up
to
USD30,000
for
the
internship
period．
Medical
certificate：You
must
provide
a
medical
certificate
indicating
you
are
fit
to
work．
Motivation
letter：You
should
have
your
motivation
letter
ready
before
filling
out
the
application
form．
Your
application
will
be
accessed
by
UNESCO
managers
and
will
stay
in
our
database
for
six
months．We
do
not
respond
to
every
candidate．If
selected，you
will
be
contacted
by
a
manager．If
you
do
not
receive
any
update
within
six
months，it
means
that
your
application
has
not
been
successful．
21.
According
to
this
passage，applicants
are
required
to________．
A.
hold
a
master's
degree
in
science
B.
have
international
work
experience
C.
be
fluent
in
either
English
or
French
D.
present
a
letter
from
a
technical
institution
22.
What
will
UNESCO
provide
for
the
internship
period？
A.
Limited
medical
insurance
coverage．
B.
Training
in
communication
skills．
C.
A
medical
certificate
for
work．
D.
Financial
support
for
travel．
23.
What
should
applicants
do
before
filling
out
the
application
form？
A.
Contact
UNESCO
managers．
B.
Get
access
to
the
database．
C.
Keep
a
motivation
letter
at
hand．
D.
Work
in
a
team
for
six
months．
B
I
remember
the
day
during
our
first
week
of
class
when
we
were
informed
about
our
semester（学期）
project
of
volunteering
at
a
non-profit
organization．When
the
teacher
introduced
us
to
the
different
organizations
that
needed
our
help，my
last
choice
was
Operation
Iraqi
Children
（OIC）．My
first
impression
of
the
organization
was
that
it
was
not
going
to
make
enough
of
a
difference
with
the
plans
I
had
in
mind．
Then，an
OIC
representative
gave
us
some
details，which
somewhat
interested
me．After
doing
some
research，
I
believed
that
we
could
really
do
something
for
those
kids．When
I
went
online
to
the
OIC
website，I
saw
pictures
of
the
Iraqi
children．Their
faces
were
so
powerful
in
sending
a
message
of
their
despair（绝望）
and
need
that
I
joined
this
project
without
hesitation．We
decided
to
collect
as
many
school
supplies
as
possible，and
make
them
into
kits——one
kit，one
child．
The
most
rewarding
day
for
our
group
was
project
day，when
all
the
efforts
we
put
into
collecting
the
items
finally
came
together．When
I
saw
the
various
supplies
we
had
collected，it
hit
me
that
every
kit
we
were
to
build
that
day
would
eventually
be
in
the
hands
of
an
Iraqi
child．Over
the
past
four
months，I
had
never
imagined
how
I
would
feel
once
our
project
was
completed．While
making
the
kits，I
realized
that
I
had
lost
sight
of
the
true
meaning
behind
it．I
had
only
focused
on
the
fact
that
it
was
another
school
project
and
one
I
wanted
to
get
a
good
grade
on．When
the
kits
were
completed，and
ready
to
be
sent
overseas，the
warm
feeling
I
had
was
one
I
would
never
forget．
In
the
beginning，I
dared
myself
to
make
a
difference
in
the
life
of
another
person．Now
that
our
project
is
over，I
realize
that
I
have
affected
not
only
one
life，but
ten．With
our
efforts，ten
young
boys
and
girls
will
now
be
able
to
further
their
education．
24.
How
did
the
author
feel
about
joining
the
OIC
project
in
the
beginning？
A.
It
would
affect
his/her
initial
plans．
B.
It
would
involve
traveling
overseas．
C.
It
would
not
bring
him/her
a
good
grade．
D
It
would
not
live
up
to
his/her
expectations．
25.
What
mainly
helped
the
author
change
his/her
attitude
toward
the
project？
A.
Images
of
Iraqi
children．
B.
Research
by
his/her
classmates．
C.
A
teacher's
introduction．
D.
A
representative's
comments．
26.
The
author's
OIC
project
group
would
help
ten
Iraqi
children
to________．.
A.
become
OIC
volunteers
B.
further
their
education
C.
study
in
foreign
countries
D.
influence
other
children
27.
What
can
we
conclude
from
this
passage？
A.
One's
potential
cannot
always
be
underrated．
B.
First
impression
cannot
always
be
trusted．
C.
Actions
speak
louder
than
words．
D.
He
who
hesitates
is
lost．
C
Hundreds
of
scientists,
writers
and
academics
sounded
a
warning
to
humanity
in
an
open
letter
published
last
December:
Policymakers
and
the
rest
of
us
must
engage
openly
with
the
risk
of
global
collapse.
Researchers
in
many
areas
have
projected
the
widespread
collapse
as
“a
credible
scenario(情景)
this
century”.
A
survey
of
scientists
found
that
extreme
weather
events,
food
insecurity,
and
freshwater
shortages
might
create
global
collapse.
Of
course,
if
you
are
a
non-human
species,
collapse
is
well
underway.
The
call
for
public
engagement
with
the
unthinkable
is
especially
germane
in
this
moment
of
still-uncontrolled
pandemic
and
economic
crises
in
the
world's
most
technologically
advanced
nations.
Not
very
long
ago,
it
was
also
unthinkable
that
a
virus
would
shut
down
nations
and
that
safety
nets
would
be
proven
so
disastrously
lacking
in
flexibility.
The
international
scholars’
warning
letter
doesn't
say
exactly
what
collapse
will
look
like
or
when
it
might
happen.
Collapseology,
the
study
of
collapse,
is
more
concerned
with
identifying
trends
and
with
them
the
dangers
of
everyday
civilization.
Among
the
signatories(签署者)
of
the
warning
was
Bob
Johnson,
the
originator
of
the
“ecological
footprint”
concept,
which
measures
the
total
amount
of
environmental
input
needed
to
maintain
a
given
lifestyle.
With
the
current
footprint
of
humanity,
“it
seems
that
global
collapse
is
certain
to
happen
in
some
form,
possibly
within
a
decade,
certainly
within
this
century,”
Johnson
said
in
an
email.
“Only
if
we
discuss
the
consequences
of
our
biophysical
limits”
the
December
warning
letter
says,
“can
we
have
the
hope
to
reduce
their
speed,
severity
and
harm”.
And
yet
messengers
of
the
coming
disturbance
are
likely
to
be
ignored.
We
all
want
to
hope
things
will
turn
out
fine.
As
a
poet
wrote,
Man
is
a
victim
of
dope(麻醉品)
In
the
incurable
form
of
hope.
The
hundreds
of
scholars
who
signed
the
letter
are
intent(执着)
on
quieting
hope
that
ignores
preparedness.
“Let's
look
directly
into
the
issue
of
collapse,”
they
say,
“and
deal
with
the
terrible
possibilities
of
what
we
see
there
to
make
the
best
of
a
troubling
future.”
28.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“germane”
in
Paragraph
3
probably
mean?
A.
Scientific.
B.
Credible.
C.
Original.
D.
Relevant.
29.
As
for
the
public
awareness
of
global
collapse,
the
author
is________.
A.
worried
B.
puzzled
C.
surprised
D.
scared
30.
What
can
we
learn
from
this
passage?
A.
The
signatories
may
change
the
biophysical
limits.
B.
The
author
agrees
with
the
message
of
the
poem.
C.
The
issue
of
collapse
is
being
prioritized.
D.
The
global
collapse
is
well
underway.
D
Early
fifth-century
philosopher
St．Augustine
famously
wrote
that
he
knew
what
time
was
unless
someone
asked
him．Albert
Einstein
added
another
wrinkle
when
he
theorized
that
time
varies
depending
on
where
you
measure
it．Today's
state-of-the-art
atomic（原子的）
clocks
have
proven
Einstein
right．Even
advanced
physics
can't
decisively
tell
us
what
time
is,
because
the
answer
depends
on
the
question
you're
asking．
Forget
about
time
as
an
absolute．What
if，instead
of
considering
time
in
terms
of
astronomy,we
related
time
to
ecology？What
if
we
allowed
environmental
conditions
to
set
the
tempo（节奏）
of
human
life？We're
increasingly
aware
of
the
fact
that
we
can't
control
Earth
systems
with
engineering
alone，and
realizing
that
we
need
to
moderate（调节）our
actions
if
we
hope
to
live
in
balance．What
if
our
definition
of
time
reflected
that？
Recently，I
conceptualized
a
new
approach
to
timekeeping
that's
connected
to
circumstances
on
our
planet，conditions
that
might
change
as
a
result
of
global
warming．We're
now
building
a
clock
at
the
Anchorage
Museum
that
reflects
the
total
flow
of
several
major
Alaskan
rivers，which
are
sensitive
to
local
and
global
environmental
changes．We've
programmed
it
to
match
an
atomic
clock
if
the
waterways
continue
to
flow
at
their
present
rate．If
the
rivers
run
faster
in
the
future
on
average，the
clock
will
get
ahead
of
standard
time．If
they
run
slower，you'll
see
the
opposite
effect．
The
clock
registers
both
short-term
irregularities
and
long-term
trends
in
river
dynamics．It's
a
sort
of
observatory
that
reveals
how
the
rivers
are
behaving
from
their
own
temporal
frame（时间框架），and
allows
us
to
witness
those
changes
on
our
smartwatches
or
phones．Anyone
who
opts
to
go
on
Alaska
Mean
River
Time
will
live
in
harmony
with
the
planet．Anyone
who
considers
river
time
in
relation
to
atomic
time
will
encounter
a
major
imbalance
and
may
be
motivated
to
counteract
it
by
consuming
less
fuel
or
supporting
greener
policies．
Even
if
this
method
of
timekeeping
is
novel
in
its
particulars，early
agricultural
societies
also
connected
time
to
natural
phenomena．In
pre-Classical
Greece，for
instance，people“corrected”official
calendars
by
shifting
dates
forward
or
backward
to
reflect
the
change
of
season．Temporal
connection
to
the
environment
was
vital
to
their
survival．Likewise，river
time
and
other
timekeeping
systems
we're
developing
may
encourage
environmental
awareness．
When
St．Augustine
admitted
his
inability
to
define
time，
he
highlighted
one
of
time
's
most
noticeable
qualities：Time
becomes
meaningful
only
in
a
defined
context．Any
timekeeping
system
is
valid，and
each
is
as
praiseworthy
as
its
purpose．
31.
What
is
the
main
idea
of
Paragraph
1？
A.
Timekeeping
is
increasingly
related
to
nature．
B.
Everyone
can
define
time
on
their
own
terms．
C.
The
qualities
of
time
vary
with
how
you
measure
it．
D.
Time
is
a
major
concern
of
philosophers
and
scientists．
32.
The
author
raises
three
questions
in
Paragraph
2
mainly
to________．
A.
present
an
assumption
B.
evaluate
an
argument
C.
highlight
an
experiment
D.
introduce
an
approach
33.
What
can
we
learn
from
this
passage？
A.
Those
who
do
not
go
on
river
time
will
live
an
imbalanced
life．
B.
New
ways
of
measuring
time
can
help
to
control
Earth
systems．
C.
Atomic
time
will
get
ahead
of
river
time
if
the
rivers
run
slower．
D.
Modern
technology
may
help
to
shape
the
rivers’
temporal
frame．
34.
What
can
we
infer
from
this
passage？
A.
It
is
crucial
to
improve
the
definition
of
time．
B.
A
fixed
frame
will
make
time
meaningless．
C.
We
should
live
in
harmony
with
nature．
D.
History
is
a
mirror
reflecting
reality．
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．选项中有两项为多余选项．
Music
has
long
been
considered
to
be
an
enjoyable
pastime
for
many
people．
____35____
The
mental
health
benefits
from
music
can't
be
argued．Music
could
also
be
helping
you
with
many
other
health
problems
behind
the
scenes．
____36____However，for
the
same
reason，music
can
be
very
beneficial
if
one
is
in
pain．By
distracting
（分心）
the
mind
from
the
pain，music，people
say，can
lower
stress
and
anxiety
levels．This，of
course，can
lead
to
less
pain．
Many
people
enjoy
relaxing
music
in
the
evening
prior
to
going
to
bed．____37____While
the
validity
of
the
idea
is
still
being
assessed，the
lowered
stress
can
even
be
tied
back
to
blood
pressure．Similarly,
according
to
researchers，listening
to
just
30
minutes
of
soft
music
every
day
may
help
with
healthy
blood
sugar
levels，
through
the
lowering
of
stress
and
anxiety．
When
it
comes
to
heart
health，there
is
speculation
（推测）
that
it's
not
the
style
of
music，
but
rather
the
tempo
that
makes
it
so
good
for
your
heart
health．In
one
European
study，participants
listened
to
music
as
the
researchers
monitored
their
heart
rates
and
blood
pressure．____38____
On
the
other
hand，when
the
music
slowed，the
participants'
stress
and
anxiety
levels
became
lower
and
the
effects
on
heart
rates
appeared
to
follow
suit．
____39____But
there
is
a
whole
range
of
other
health
issues
that
turning
up
the
radio
could
be
beneficial
for，which
is
what
makes
music
so
valuable．
A.
This
feeling
can
also
result
in
many
other
health
problems．
B.
Some
experts
say
that
music
can
be
harmful
if
it
is
too
loud．
C.
This
idea
is
a
little
off-the-wall
but
still
has
scientific
backing．
D.
They
say
it
can
play
a
big
role
in
calming
the
brain
enough
to
sleep．
E.
The
implications
of
music
on
overall
well-being
are
really
impressive．
F.
It
is
also
highly
popular
due
to
the
individualized
effects
on
stress
and
anxiety．
G.
Interestingly，the
more
cheerful
the
music
was，the
faster
their
heart
rates
were．
第三部分
书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Recent
research
suggests
that
if
an
argument
gets
resolved，the
emotional
response
tied
to
it
is
significantly
reduced
or
almost
completely
erased．Thus，it
may
be
worth
bringing
up
issues
with
your
friends，
family
members，or
classmates
rather
than
holding
them
back．
There
is
a
difference
between
arguing
and
fighting．Arguing
is
that
you
and
your
opponent
present
your
concerns
and
discuss
the
feelings
and
issues
related
to
those
concerns．You
can
engage
in
an
argument
respectfully
without
stirring
up（激起）
anger．Fighting，however，usually
involves
personal
attacks，raising
of
voices，
and
storming
out．Discussing
your
issues
and
resolving
them
instead
of
stuffing
them
down
can
improve
your
emotional
health．In
a
study，2.000
people
were
asked
to
record
their
feelings
and
experiences
for
eight
days
in
a
row．When
people
had
an
argument
that
they
considered
resolved，
they
had
half
the
reactivity
（情绪反应）
of
those
who
avoided
an
argument．Reactivity
is
an
increase
in
negative
emotions
or
a
decrease
in
positive
emotions．In
other
words，resolving
an
argument
cuts
your
negative
feelings
by
half．One
day
later，
people
who
had
a
resolved
argument
reported
no
increase
of
negative
emotions
compared
with
those
who
avoided
an
argument．
This
means
that
resolving
an
argument
can
feel
like
you
have
reached
a
state
of
resolution——and
you
are
less
likely
to
be
annoyed．
Moreover，the
older
you
are，the
more
likely
you
will
come
to
a
resolution
after
an
argument．This
may
be
because
more
life
experience
usually
leads
to
more
defined
priorities．You
are
more
likely
to
distinguish
between
what
matters
and
what
does
not．
It
is
easier
to
avoid
a
discussion，but
risking
talking
about
it
may
eventually
lead
to
a
better
outcome．
40
According
to
this
passage，what
is
arguing？
41.
Why
is
it
that“the
older
you
are，
the
more
likely
you
will
come
to
a
resolution
after
an
argument”？
42.
Please
decide
which
part
is
false
in
the
following
statement，then
underline
it
and
explain
why．
Resolving
arguments
can
improve
your
emotional
health，because
it
increases
your
reactivity
and
reduces
the
chance
of
you
getting
angry．
43.
In
addition
to
improving
emotional
health，what
do
you
think
are
some
other
benefits
of
resolving
an
argument？
（In
about
40
words）
第二节（20分）
44.
【北京卷】假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你和英国好友Jim原定本周末一起外出，你因故不能赴约。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.表达歉意并说明原因；
2.提出建议并给出理由。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

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