资源简介

(共114张PPT)
Part
Ⅳ　Lesson
3　Getting
to
the
Top
【学习目标】
话题语境
人与自我之认识自我，丰富自我，完善自我
课时词汇
ruin,
defensive,
countless,
length,
average，normal,
rank
常用短语
apart
from...,
skip
out,
in
danger
of,
on
a．..basis,
an
amount
of,
stay
in,
live
one's
life
to
extremes,
set
sb.
apart
重点句式
(1)that引导的宾语从句
(2)in
order
to
do...引导目的状语
(3)It
is/was...
that/who...强调句式
双基夯实·课前排查
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给的词性和词义写出单词
1．________________
adj.
正常的，平常的
2．________________
adj.
平庸的，普通的；平均的
n.
平均水平；平均数
3．________________
adj.
杰出的，优秀的
4．________________
adj.
受伤的
5．________________
n.
舞台；月台
6．________________
adj.
&
adv.
分开；散开
7．________________
n.
长度
normal
average
outstanding
injured
platform
apart
length
8．________________
adj.
巨大的，庞大的
9．________________
vi.&
vt.
(使)沸腾，煮沸
10．________________
vt.
租用
11．________________
adj.
无数的，数不尽的
12．________________
n.
基本部分；要素
13．________________
vt.
不做(本来应该做的事)；蹦跳着走
14．________________
vt.
糟蹋；毁坏
15．________________
adj.
学术的
16．________________
n.
条目
enormous
boil
hire
countless
element
skip
ruin
academic
entry
Ⅱ.常用单词练习：根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示写出符合句中单词的正确形式
1．After
that
accident,
he
should
be
able
to
lead
a
perfectly
________
(正常的)
life.
2．What
is
the
________(平均的)
temperature
in
her
hometown?
3．The
boy
who
won
the
scholarship
was
a
quite__________(杰出的)
student.
4．Ambulances
took
the
________(受伤的)
to
a
nearby
hospital.
5．The
train
now
standing
at
________
(站台)
2
is
for
Leeds.
6．The
Yangtze
River
is
about
6,300
km
in
________
(长度)．
7．The
water
was
bubbling
and
________(沸腾)
away.
8．Long
long
ago,
________(庞大的)
animals
lived
on
Earth.
normal
average
outstanding
injured
platform
length
boiling
enormous
9．What
could
you
do
for
our
company
if
I
h________
you?
10．The
new
treatment
could
save
the
lives
of
c________
people.
11．Physical
fitness
has
now
become
an
important
e________
in
our
life.
12．She
often
s________
breakfast
altogether,
which
is
bad
for
her
health.
13．My
new
shoes
got
r________
in
the
mud.
14．If
the
International
Student
Centre
is
not
an
a________
department,
what
does
it
do?
15．Because
there
are
several
files,
you
need
an
e________
for
each
one.
hire
countless
element
skips
ruined
academic
entry
Ⅲ.阅读本课内容，翻译相关短语
1．突出；出色
________________
2．愿意做某事
________________
3．致力于
________________
4．除……之外
________________
5．致力于，专注于
________________
6．独立地，独自地
________________
7．待在家里
________________
8．与生俱来
________________
stand
out
be
willing
to
do
sth.
be
committed
to
apart
from
apply
oneself
to
on
one's
own
stay
in
be
born
with
9．要点是，归结为
________________
10．为了
________________
11．忙于做某事
________________
12．与……分享
________________
13．处于……危险之中
________________
14．不再
________________
15．被留给，剩有
________________
16．放弃
________________
17．把某人推到极限
________________
boil
down
to
sth.
in
order
to
be
busy
doing
sth.
share...with...
in
danger
of
no
longer
be
left
with
give
up
push
sb.
to
the
limits
核心突破·要点讲解
?第一版块：重点单词
1.ruin
vt.
毁坏；毁灭；使破产
n．[C](ruins)废墟；遗迹
[U]破坏；毁坏；毁灭
(教材P36)As
one
of
the
Olympic
athletes,
I
miss
birthday
parties,
ruin
family
holidays
and
skip
nights
out,
but
there
is
a
very
good
reason
for
giving
up
so
much.
作为一名奥林匹克运动员，我错过生日派对、破坏家庭旅行、放弃晚上外出，但我有一个合理的理由去放弃这么多事情。
lie/be
in
ruins
严重受损；破败不堪
bring...
to
ruin
使……毁灭；使……没落
fall
into
ruin
衰落；败落
?It
rained
for
weeks
on
end，completely
ruining
our
holiday.
雨连续下了几个星期，完全毁了我们的假期。
?Alcohol
and
drugs
almost
ruined
his
health
and
fame.
酒精和毒品几乎毁了他的健康和名声。
?In
fifteen
terrible
seconds
a
large
city
lay
in
ruins.
在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市沦为一片废墟。
?Hurricane
Sandy
has
almost
brought
the
crops
to
ruin.
飓风“桑迪”几乎把庄稼全毁了。
?After
a
fierce
battle，the
city
has
fallen
into
ruin.
一场激烈的战争过后，这座城市衰落了。
易混辨析：
damage，destroy和ruin的用法区别
(1)damage指价值降低或外表损坏等，不一定全部毁坏，损坏了还可以修复
The
heavy
rain
damaged
many
houses.
大雨毁坏了许多房子。
(2)destroy指彻底毁坏以致不能或很难修复
That
town
was
destroyed
in
a
big
fire.
那个城镇在一场大火中被毁了。
(3)ruin多用于借喻中，泛指一般意义的“弄坏了”
She
poured
water
all
over
my
painting,
and
ruined
it.她把水全倒在了我的画上，把画毁了。
语境串记：
After
the
collision,
he
examined
the
considerable
damage
to
his
car.
Fortunately
it
was
not
completely
ruined/destroyed.
撞车之后，他检查了受损严重的车。所幸的是车还没完全报废/毁掉。
[即学即练]　
1．单句语法填空
①Years
of
fighting
have
left
the
area
in
________(ruin)．
②At
12,
he
got
a
serious
illness
which
________(ruin)
his
health.
③The
castle
now
lies
________
ruins.
④A
large
number
of
churches
fell
________
ruin
after
the
revolution.
2．用ruin,
damage或destroy的正确形式填空。
⑤The
bridge
was
completely
________
by
the
explosion.
⑥Wind
and
sand
have
______________
the
old
castle.
⑦His
car
got
________
in
the
accident
but
it
can
still
be
used.
ruins
ruined
in
into
destroyed
ruined/destroyed
damaged
2.defensive
adj.戒备的，自卫的
(教材P36)I
could
have
become
angry
or
defensive.我本可以愤怒或辩解一下。
(1)defend
v.
防御；保卫；为……辩护，辩解
defend
against
防御
defend
oneself
自卫；自我辩护
defend
sb.
against/from...
保护某人免受……；针对……为某人辩护
(2)defence
n.
保护；保卫；辩护；后卫
come
to
sb.'s
defence
为某人辩护
in
sb.'s
defence
为某人辩护
in
defence
of...
为……辩解/辩护
?Don't
get
defensive，Charlie.
I
was
only
joking.别这么大戒心，查利。我只不过是开开玩笑。
?It
is
impossible
to
defend
against
an
all-out
attack.防御全面进攻是不可能的。
?He
realised
none
of
his
schoolmates
would
come
to
his
defence.
他意识到没有一个同学愿意挺身而出为他辩护。
?He
has
mentioned
the
name
of
Martin
Luther
King
in
defence
of
his
actions.
他提出马丁·路德·金的名字来为自己的行为辩解。
知识拓展：
Put
up
a
strong
defence
works
against
the
enemy's
invasion.为抵御敌人的侵略布置坚固的防御工事。
defend
oneself
in
court在法庭自我辩护
a
witness
for
the
defence被告的证人
reduce
the
expense
on
defence减少国防开支
defend
sb.
in
court.在法庭为某人辩护
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①All
our
officers
are
trained
to
defend
themselves
________
knife
attacks.
②Like
their
children,
parents
are
often
________
(defence)
about
their
private
lives.
against/from　句意为：我们所有的官员都接受过自卫训练，能够对付持刀袭击。defend...against/from...为固定搭配，意为“保护……免受……”。
defensive　句意为：就像子女一样，父母也常常很注重对自己私生活的保护。此处在句中作表语，应用形容词。
③We
must
see
that
there
is
no
gap
in
our
________
(defend)．
④What
talking
points
can
be
raised
________
defence
of
this
argument?
defence　句意为：我们必须确保我们的防御没有漏洞。
in　句意为：能够提出什么论据来为这个论点辩护呢？in
defence
of为固定搭配，意为“为……辩解/辩护”。
3.countless
adj.无数的，数不尽的
(教材P36)I
think
of
countless
birthday
parties
and
nights
out
I
have
missed...
我想起了无数个我错过的生日派对和外出的夜晚……
count
v.
数数；重要；认为
count
on/upon
指望；依靠
count...
in
把……计算在内
count
up
to...
数到……
count
sb./sth.
as
把某人/某物看作
?It
has
saved
my
life,
and
the
lives
of
countless
others.
它救了我的命，也救了无数其他人的命。
?We
counted
the
passengers,
and
found
that
two
were
missing.
我们数了乘客人数，发现少了两个人。
?Do
not
be
fooled
by
its
commonplace
appearance.
Like
so
many
things,
it
is
not
what
is
outside,
but
what
is
inside
that
counts.
不要被它普通的外表蒙蔽。像许多事物一样，重要的不是外在，而是内在。
?It
is
not
the
story
itself
but
what
is
reflected
in
the
story
that
counts.
重要的不是这个故事本身，而是这个故事所反映出的问题。
?Yes,
unlikely
friendships
start
up
every
day.
No
one
understands
this
more
than
the
lonely.
In
fact,
it's
what
they
count
on.
的确，不太可能的友谊每天都在发生，没有人能比孤独寂寞的人更了解这一点。事实上，不太可能发生的友谊就是他们的指望。
?Mark，can
we
count
you
in
for
the
cricket
team?
马克，我们能把你算作板球队的一员吗？
?The
little
boy
can
count
up
to
100.那个小男孩可以数到100。
?I
count
him
as
my
closest
friend.我把他看作我最亲密的朋友。
词汇知识：
-ive后缀，主要表示两种词性：
(1)表示形容词“……的”。如：active
adj.活跃的；积极的；creative
adj.创造性的，有创意的；agrressive
adj.挑衅的；comprehensive
adj.全面的；defensive
adj.自卫的；effective
adj.有效果的；expensive
adj.昂贵的；defensive
adj.戒备的，自卫的
(2)表示名词“……人/物”
如：native
n．本地人；captive
n．俘虏；fugitive
n．逃亡者；detective
n．侦探；representative
n．代表；locomotive
n．火车头
?
词汇知识：
以-less后缀构成的形容词
homeless
adj.无家可归的
useless
adj.无用的
colourless
adj.无色的
hopeless
adj.无希望的
waterless
adj.无水的
rootless
adj.无根的
jobless
adj.无职业的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Success
is
not
final,
failure
is
not
fatal:
it
is
the
courage
to
continue
that
________
(count)．
②She
can
always
be
counted
________
for
support.
③She
added,
“You
can
count
me
________，
I
guess.”
counts　强调句型中强调主语the
courage，故谓语动词应用单数。
on/upon　考查固定短语count
on/upon，意为“指望；依靠”。
in　考查固定短语count
sb.
in，意为“把某人计算在内”。
④I
spent
________
(count)
hours
on
trains
and
buses.
⑤That
was
the
likeliest
outcome
and,
on
balance,
it
would
be
counted
________
a
success.
⑥不要在蛋孵化前先数小鸡(不要过早打如意算盘)。
Don't
________
your
chickens
before
they
are
hatched.
countless　名词hours前应用形容词修饰，再由句意可知填countless，意为“数不清的；无数的”。
as　考查固定短语count
sb./sth.
as，意为“把某人/某物看作”。
count　此句为谚语。
⑦那是父亲第一次在紧急时刻依靠我。
That
was
the
first
time
Dad
________________
me
in
a
moment
of
emergency.
⑧那个经理需要一个可以指望的助手，能够在他不在时处理问题。
The
manager
needs
an
assistant
_______________________
to
take
care
of
problems
in
his
absence.
had
counted
on/upon　考查时态和固定短语，count
on/upon意为“指望；依靠”，That
was
the
frst
time...后的从句中谓语用过去完成时。
who/that
he
can
count
on/upon
4.length
n．[C]游泳池长度；[C，U]长度，时间的长短　lengthen
v．(使)变长
(教材P36)．..I
would
get
the
bus
on
my
own
at
ten
years
old
and
go
to
swim
100
lengths
of
the
pool
while
other
kids
played
pool
games...
……十岁的时候，当别的孩子在泳池戏水时，我会自己乘公共汽车去游泳池游50个来回……
in
length
在长度上
at
length
最后；详尽地，长时间
?I
always
had
the
feeling
that
she
was
keeping
me
at
arm's
length.
我一直感觉她在跟我保持一定距离。
?The
biggest
dolphin
can
measure
four
metres
in
length
but
common
dolphins
are
usually
less
than
two
metres
long.
最大的海豚体长可达四米，但普通海豚体长通常不到两米。
?At
length,
the
day
came
on
which
we
were
to
leave.
终于到了我们要走的那一天。
?We
have
already
discussed
this
matter
at
length.
我们已经详尽地讨论了这个问题。
与“long
length
lengthen”变形相似的还有：
wide
adj.宽的→width
n．宽度→widen
v．变宽
deep
adj.深的→depth
n．深(度)→deepen
v．加强
strong
adj.强壮的→strength
n．力量→strengthen
v．加强
broad
adj.宽阔的→breadth
n．宽度→broaden
v．变宽
?
名词后缀-th联想：
width宽度；depth深度；strength强度；warmth温暖；growth生长；health健康；truth真理；实情；wealth财富；south南；north北；fourth第四；twentieth第二十；twelfth第十二；thousandth第一千
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The
selfie
stick(自拍杆)
is
a
hand-held
pole
which
allows
users
to
take
a
photo
of
themselves
from
greater
than
arm's
________
(long)．
②If
you
come
to
visit
China,
you
will
experience
a
culture
of
amazing
________(deep)
and
variety.
③The
publication
of
Great
Expectations,
which
was
both
widely
reviewed
and
highly
praised,
___________(strength)
Dickens'
status
as
a
leading
novelist.
④公共汽车终于来了，晚了四十分钟。
____________，
the
bus
arrived
forty
minutes
late.
⑤这房间长15英尺，宽10英尺。
The
room
is
15
feet
____________
and
10
feet
____________.
length
depth
strengthened
At
length
in
length
in
width
5.average
adj.普通的；平均的；正常的　n．[C，U]平均数；平均水平，一般水准
(教材P37)In
the
words
of
the
British
triathlete
Alistair
Brownlee,
even
if
it
means
getting
injured，“I'd
prefer
to
have
three
or
four
outstanding
years
of
winning
stuff
than
having
ten
years
of
being
average.”
用英国铁人三项运动员阿利斯特尔·布朗利的话来说，即使这意味着要受伤，“我宁愿有三四年的胜利辉煌，而不选择十年的平庸无为。”
average
link-v.
平均为；
vt.
算出……的平均数
an
average
of...
平均为……
on
average
平均来看
above/below
average
高于/低于平均水平
?An
average
student
can
be
excellent
by
hard
work.
通过刻苦学习，一名普通的学生也可以变得优秀。
?As
the
average
age
of
the
population
increases,
there
are
more
and
more
old
people
to
care
for.随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老人需要照顾。
?Forty
hours
is
a
fairly
average
working
week
for
most
people.
对大多数人来说，一周工作四十小时是相当正常的。
?The
boats
remain
at
sea
for
an
average
of
ten
days
at
a
time.
这些船只平均每次在海上待10天。
?How
many
cupcakes
does
your
shop
sell
daily
on
average?
你店里平均每天卖出多少个纸杯蛋糕？
?His
grade
is
above
average
in
the
class.
他的成绩在班里中等以上。
?The
rainfall
there
averages
300mm
a
year.
那里的年平均降雨量为三百毫米。
教师提醒：
(1)在询问某人国家或地区人口多少的时候，用“What
is
the
population
of...？”而不是“how
many/much
is
the
population
of...？”
(2)在形容一个国家人口多少的时候，要用large或small，而不能用many或者few。如：Guangdong
Province
has
the
largest
population
in
China.广东省的人口在中国最多。
(3)当population作主语时，通常谓语用单位形式。但当population受其表语或其分数或百分数影响，要考虑其谓语动词可能转化为复数形式。
如：35%
of
the
population
of
the
class
are
girls.这个班的百分之三十五是女生。
Half
of
the
population
in
China
live
in
the
countryside.在中国一半的人生活在农村。
[即学即练]　
1．判断下列句子中average的词性及含义
①An
average
adult
man
burns
1,500
to
2,000
calories
per
day.
____________
②Mr
Smith's
salary
is
below
average
in
his
company,
which
makes
him
upset.
____________
③The
water
in
the
lake
is
not
particularly
deep,
averaging
about
12
metres.
____________
2．用average的相关短语完成句子
④Last
year
was
the
warmest
year
on
record,
with
global
temperature
0.68℃
______________.
⑤The
person
who
works
with
a
messy(凌乱的)desk
spends,
____________，one
and
a
half
hours
per
day
in
looking
for
things.
adj.普通的
n.平均水平
link?v.平均为
above
average
on
average
6.normal
adj.正常的，一般的；精神正常的，意识健全的　n．[U]一般水平，常态
(教材P37)It
is
certainly
not
a
balanced
way
to
live
and
it
is
certainly
not
normal
but
those
words
are
generally
not
used
for
anyone
who
is
striving
for
greatness.
它当然不是一种平衡的生活方式，也肯定不寻常，但平衡、寻常这些词是不会用来形容追求伟大的人的。
It
is
normal
(for
sb./sth.)to
do
sth.
(对某人/某物而言)做某事是正常的。
under
normal
circumstances
一般情况下
above/below
normal
通常标准之上/之下
bring...
back
to
normal
使……恢复正常
return
to
normal
恢复正常
?It
is
normal
to
feel
tired
after
such
a
long
trip.
这样的长途旅行之后感到疲劳是正常的。
?Under
normal
circumstances，I
go
to
sleep
at
10
p．m.
一般情况下，我晚上10点睡觉。
?The
rainfall
is
below
normal
for
this
time
of
year.
一年中这个时期的降雨量低于正常水平。
?It
took
us
a
lot
of
time
to
bring
everything
back
to
normal
after
the
earthquake.
地震后，我们花了很长时间让一切恢复正常。
辨析比较：
normal/ordinary/common/usual
As
usual,
I
got
up
at
7
a．m.
and
another
ordinary
day
began.
I
had
to
go
to
work.
It
was
common
that
the
bus
was
crowded
and
no
wonder
many
people
went
to
work
by
electric
motorcycle.
像往常一样，我早上7点起床，又一个平常的日子开始了。我必须去上班。公共汽车通常很拥挤，难怪许多人骑电动摩托车去上班。
易混词
区别
normal
正常的，一般的。指行为、特征符合常态、常规。
ordinary
平常的，普通的。强调“平常”，无出奇之处。
common
常见的，共同的。具有多数人/事物共有的特征，因常见而显得平常。
usual
通常的，惯常的。侧重说明行为的经常性。
[即学即练]　完成句子/选词填空(common/usual/normal/ordinary)
①When
I
took
his
temperature，it
was
2℃
____________(通常标准之上)．
②The
government
has
taken
some
measures
to
reconstruct
the
earthquake-hit
areas，but
it
will
be
some
time
before
they
______________(恢复正常)．
③Meanwhile,
with
her
parents'
help,
Moore
is
generally
able
to
live
a
________
teenage
life.
④________
soap,
used
correctly,
can
deal
with
bacteria
effectively.
⑤Rock
music
consists
of
many
different
styles.
Even
though
there
is
a
________
spirit
among
all
music
groups,
they
make
very
different
music.
⑥Despite
the
heavy
snow
yesterday,
everybody
in
the
company
went
about
their
daily
tasks
as
________.
?
above
normal
return
to
normal
normal
Ordinary
common
usual
7.rank
(1)vt.
&
vi.把……分等级，属于某等级；vt.排列，使排成行(2)n.[U，C](尤指较高的)地位，级别；军阶，军衔；[sing.]等级；[C](警察，士兵等的)队列，行列
(教材P39)Then
rank
your
choices
from
1
(most
important)
to
4
(least
important)．
然后把你的选择从1(最重要)到4(最不重要)进行排列。
rank...as...
把……视为……
top-ranked
players
一流的选手
people
of
high
social
rank
社会地位高的人
a
painter
of
the
first
rank
一流的画家
?At
the
height
of
her
career
she
(was)
ranked
second
in
the
world.
在她事业的顶峰时期，她排名世界第二位。
?Critics
rank
him
as
a
first-class
painter.批评家们把他视为一流画家。
?Cups
were
ranked
neatly
on
the
shelf.杯子整齐地排列在架子上。
?He
is
an
officer
of
senior
rank.他是个有高级军阶的军官。
?This
country
is
no
longer
in
the
front
rank
of
world
powers.
这个国家再也不是位于前列的世界强国。
?She
was
not
used
to
associating
with
people
of
high
social
rank.
她不习惯和社会地位很高的人交往。
?They
watched
as
ranks
of
marching
soldiers
passed
the
window.
他们看着士兵列队从窗前走过。
“把……视为……”短语
rank...as...把……视为……
regard...as...把……视为……
think
of...as...把……看作……
consider...as...把……看作……
treat...as...把……当作……
count...as...把……看作……
take...as...把……当作……
think...(to
be)．..认为……是……
[即学即练]　单句写作
①这个地区的风景在我国名列前茅。
___________________________________________________________
②他被视为当代最伟大的钢琴家之一。
___________________________________________________________
③这个男孩决心要成为像袁隆平那样的一流科学家。
___________________________________________________________
④上学期她在网球比赛中名列第一。
___________________________________________________________
The
scenery
in
this
area
ranks
among
the
best
in
my
country.
He
is
ranked
as
one
of
the
greatest
pianists
today.
The
boy
determined
to
become
a
scientist
of
the
first
rank
like
Yuan
Longping.
She
(was)
ranked
first
in
the
tennis
competition
last
term.
?第二版块：重点短语
1.boil
down
to(局势、问题等)归结为，基本问题是(to是介词)
(教材P36)It
boils
down
to
this:
I
was
born
with
an
enormous
amount
of
drive
and
determination.
归根结底，我天生就是个特别有干劲和意志力的人。
boil
sth.down
(to
sth.)
概括，归纳，压缩
come
down
to
sth.
可归结为，可归纳为
?In
the
end,
what
it
all
boils
down
to
is
time，or
the
lack
of
it.
问题的症结是时间，或者是缺乏时间。
?It
boils
down
to
a
question
of
priorities.
这归根到底是事情轻重缓急的问题。
?The
original
speech
I
had
written
got
boiled
down
to
about
ten
minutes.
我写的演讲原稿被压缩到了大约十分钟。
?What
it
comes
down
to
is，either
I
go
there
alone
or
you
accompany
me
there.
归结起来就是：要么我自己去那里，要么你陪我去。
比较：boiling与boiled
Water
boils
at
100
degrees.水在100度时沸腾。
I
boilded
some
water
to
make
tea
for
our
guests.我烧了一些水给客人们泡茶。
Everybody
can
drink
boiled
water
but
no
one
drink
boiling
water
for
boiling
water
may
burn
your
mouth.大家都可以喝开水，但无人敢喝正在沸腾的水，因为沸腾的水会烫嘴的。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It
boils
________to
one
question
whether
you
really
have
full
confidence.
②It
boils
down
________
how
fast
a
machine
can
perform
an
operation.
③Our
choices
boil
down
to
________
(stay)
here
or
leaving
here.
down　句意：归根结底的问题是，你是否真的充满信心。
to　句意：归结起来就是一个机器完成一个操作能有多快。
staying　句意：我们的选择归结起来就是：留在这里或离开这里。
2.apply
oneself
to致力于/专心于(to是介词)
(教材P37)Call
it
unhealthy
if
you
want,
but
that
is
the
way
I
roll,
no
matter
what
it
is
I'm
applying
myself
to.
你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。
(1)apply
vi.&
vt.
申请；请求
vt.
应用，使用；努力学习，勤奋工作
vt.
涂(油漆、乳剂)
vi.
(对……)适用，有效
(2)apply
(to...)
for...
(向……)申请……
apply
to
do
sth.
申请做某事
apply
sth.to...
把某物应用于……
be
applied
to...
被应用于……(to为介词)
apply
to...
对……适用
?Every
time
I
see
him,
he
is
always
applying
himself
to
his
work.
每次我见到他的时候，他总在全身心地工作。
?Our
manager
has
applied
himself
to
this
task
with
considerable
energy.
我们经理已经花了相当多的精力致力于这项任务。
?Over
the
next
months,
he
applied
himself
to
improving
the
technique.
在接下来的几月里，他专心致志地改进这项技术。
?I'm
applying
for
a
part-time
job
at
a
company
in
my
city
during
the
summer
vacation.
我正在申请我市一家公司的暑期兼职工作。
?He
applied
to
learn
composition
from
the
well-known
musician.
他申请跟这位著名音乐家学习作曲。
?We
should
apply
new
words
to
spoken
and
written
English.
我们应该把新单词应用到英语口语和写作中去。
?The
new
technology
has
been
applied
to
farming.
这项新技术已应用于农业。
?We
applied
our
minds
to
finding
a
solution
to
our
problem.
我们绞尽脑汁寻求解决问题的办法。
?Apply
the
cream
evenly
over
the
skin.
将乳霜均匀地涂抹在皮肤上。
⑩
The
rule
applies
to
everyone
in
our
school.
该规定对我们学校里的所有人都适用。
表示“专心致力于……”的短语归纳：
apply
oneself
to
(doing)
sth.
be
intent
on
(doing)
sth.
be
absorbed
in...
be
engaged
in
(doing)
sth.
be
buried
in...
concentrate
on
doing
sth.
be
involved
in...
be
lost
in...
表示“沉迷于……不能自拔”
be
lost
in...(＝lose
oneself
in...)
be
addicted
to
＝addict
onself
to
＝be
absorbed
in...
?
词组辨析：
apply
to适合，适用于……　向……提出申请
apply
for申请，要求……
apply
to后面接间接宾语
apply
for后面接直接宾语
[即学即练]　判断下列句子中apply的含义/单句语法填空
①By
the
time
I
saw
the
job
advertised
it
was
already
too
late
to
apply.____________
②He
wants
a
job
in
which
he
can
apply
his
foreign
languages.____________
③Apply
the
cream
to
exposed
areas
every
three
hours
and
after
swimming._____________
④You
can
solve
any
problem
if
you
apply
yourself
to
it._________________
⑤We
should
apply
theory
________
practice;
otherwise,
it
is
no
use.
申请
应用，使用
涂(油漆、乳剂)
努力学习，勤奋工作
to　句意：我们应当把理论运用到实践中去，要不然理论就是无用的。
⑥The
person
who
wants
to
apply
________
the
position
will
be
expected
to
have
a
good
command
of
English.
⑦If
you
apply
yourself
________
the
job
in
hand,
you'll
finish
it
soon.
⑧Recently,
he
has
applied
himself
to
________(do)
research
and
writing
papers.
for　句意：想要申请这个职位的人必须精通英语。
to　句意：你如果专注于你正在处理的工作，很快就会完成它。
doing　句意：近来他一直专心于研究和写论文。
3.let
alone更不用说
(教材P38)If
you
are
not
totally
committed
to
your
sport
and
want
to
lead
a
normal
life,
you
can
never
be
an
outstanding
athlete,
let
alone
an
Olympic
champion.
如果你不是全身心地投入到你的运动中，想过普通的生活，你永远不会成为一名出色的运动员，更不用说成为奥运冠军了。
let
alone
表示“更不用说”，一般用于句中，连接两个句子，有进一步比较之意。
let/leave
sb.
alone
不打扰，不惊动
let/leave
sth.
alone
不碰，不变动，不移动
?There
isn't
enough
room
for
us,
let
alone
any
guests.
连我们都没有足够的空间，更不用说客人了。
?Protecting
the
environment
is
a
challenge,
let
alone
improving
it.
保护环境是一项挑战，更别说要改善环境了。
?She
asked
to
be
left
alone
but
the
press
photographers
followed
her
everywhere.
她要求别打扰她，但是摄影记者到处都跟着她。
?Leave
the
cakes
alone.
They're
for
the
guests.
别动那些蛋糕，那是给客人的。
let
alone与to
say
nothing
of这两个短语都相当于汉语的“更不用说”。如：
She
hasn't
yet
learned
how
to
move
her
hands,
let
alone
act.
她连手应该怎么动还没学会呢，更不用说演戏了。
He
has
no
chairs
in
his
room,
let
alone
a
sofa.
他连椅子都没有，哪里还谈得上沙发呢。
Few
people
like
walking
in
the
rain,
let
alone
bicycling
in
it.
很少有人喜欢在雨中走路的，更不用说在雨中骑自行车了。
Insomniacs
can't
get
into
sleep
even
in
quiet
places,
let
alone
in
noisy
surroundings.
有失眠症的人即使在安静的场所也难以入睡，在嘈杂的环境中就更不用说了。
He
(a
Negro)
has
on
more
than
one
occasion
braved
lynching
and
starvation,
to
say
nothing
of
the
ordinary
forms
of
torture.
他(一个黑人)曾不止一次勇敢地面对私刑和饥饿，更不提普通的折磨了。
注意：let
alone后面可连用动词原形、名词、动名词、过去分词、介词短语；to
say
nothing
of后面只能连用名词或动名词，这主要是受介词of的影响。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①With
one
leg
broken
in
that
car
accident,
he
can
not
walk,
let
________
run.
②The
country
does
not
yet
have
enough
electricity
for
itself,
let
alone
________
export.
alone　句意：因为一条腿在事故中受伤，他不能走路，更不用说跑了。
for　句意：这个国家的电量还不够自己用，更别说是出口了。
4．apart
from...除……之外
(教材P37)If
you
want
to
be
an
Olympic
champion,
it's
all
about
that
little
extra
thing
you
have
done
in
your
preparation
that
will
set
you
apart
from
your
competitors.
如果你想成为奥运冠军，正是你在准备过程中所做的那些额外小事会让你在竞争对手中脱颖而出。
apart
from为介词短语，相当于aside
from，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
(1)相当于except
for，意为“除了……之外(都)；要不是”，强调从整体中除去一部分，该部分要排除在外。
(2)相当于in
addition
to，as
well
as，意为“除了……之外(还)；此外”，强调除此之外还包括其他部分。
?I
have
finished
apart
from
the
last
question.
除了最后一道题，我全做完了。
?Apart
from
their
house
in
London,
they
also
have
a
villa
in
Spain.
他们除了在伦敦有一座房子，在西班牙还有一座乡间别墅。
[即学即练]　根据汉语意思完成句子。
当时是困难时期，别的且不说，我们财政上就有问题。
It
was
a
difficult
time.
_____________________
everything
else,
we
had
financial
problems.
Apart
from/Aside
from
?第三版块：典型句式
1．way后接定语从句和“no
matter＋特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句
(教材P37)Call
it
unhealthy
if
you
want,
but
that
is
the
way
I
roll,
no
matter
what
it
is
I'm
applying
myself
to.
你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。
(1)way作“方式，方法”讲，后接定语从句时有两种情况：
①当way后面的从句缺少状语时，用that/in
which引导；用that引导时，that可以省略。
②当way后面的从句缺少主语或宾语时，关系词用that/which(作宾语时关系词可省略，作主语时不可省略)。
(2)way(方式，方法)后接定语还有以下两种形式：
做某事的方法
(3)“no
matter＋特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句
①no
matter与what/who/when/where/how等特殊疑问词连用，可引导让步状语从句，表示“无论……，不管……”。
②whatever，whoever，whenever，wherever，however也可以引导让步状语从句，表示“无论……，不管……”
③引导让步状语从句时，no
matter
what/who/when/where/how可分别与whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/however互换。
?The
way
(that)
he
explained
the
question
was
quite
simple.(＝The
way
in
which
he
explained
the
question
was
quite
simple.)
他解释那个问题的方法很简单。
?The
way
(that/which)
he
told
us
was
quite
effective.
他告诉我们的那个方法很有效。(关系词在从句中作宾语)
?The
way
that/which
was
thought
up
by
him
was
similar
to
Tom's.
他想出的这个方法和汤姆的类似。(关系词在从句中作主语)
?Recycling
is
one
way
of
protecting/to
protect
the
environment.
回收利用是保护环境的一种方法。
?No
matter
what
he
did，his
parents
supported
him.
不管他做什么，他父母都支持他。
?No
matter
how
difficult
the
problem
is，we'll
overcome
it.
不管这个问题有多难，我们都会解决。
?Whoever
asks
him
for
help，he
is
always
ready
to
help.
不管谁来求助于他，他都乐于帮助。
?He
is
a
very
determined
man.
Whatever
problems
he
meets,
he
never
gives
up.
他是一个意志非常坚定的人。他无论遇到什么问题，都决不放弃。
?Now,
the
photo
is
still
hanging
on
the
wall
of
my
bedroom.
No
matter
when
(＝Whenever)
I
look
at
it,
I
couldn't
help
thinking
of
my
friend.
现在那张照片还挂在我卧室的墙上。每当我看到它，我都禁不住想起我的朋友。
易混比较：
no
matter
what与whatever
(1)whatever＝no
matter
what引导让步状语从句
Smoking
is
harmful,
whatever
your
cigarettes.＝Smoking
is
harmful
no
matter
what
your
cigarettes
(may
be)．
不管你抽的烟怎么样，抽烟总是有害的。
(2)作连接代词，whatever在句中作定语＝no
matter
what＋n.
如：You
are
welcome
whatever
time
you
come.＝You
are
welcome
no
matter
what
time
you
come.不管你何时来你都受欢迎。
(句中no
matter
what
time＝no
matter
when)
(3)whatever＝anything
that，此时whatever不能用no
matter
what代替。如：
Whatever
you
do
should
agree
with
the
regulations.＝Anything
that
you
do
should
agree
with
the
regulations.
你做的一切都应符合规章制度。
(4)whenever＝no
matter
when
wherever＝no
matter
where
however＝no
matter
how
whoever＝no
matter
who/anyone
who
whichever＝no
matter
which/any
one
which
[即学即练]　
1．单句语法填空
①Most
people
believe
the
best
way
________
(build)
a
great
team
is
to
gather
a
group
of
the
most
talented
individuals.
②The
way
________
was
offered
by
him
to
do
the
experiment
was
different
from
the
way
________
you
carried
it
out.
to
build　way
to
do
sth.表示“做某事的方法”，故填to
build。
that/which；that　第一空用that/which引导定语从句，that/which在从句中作主语；第二空引导定语从句，并在从句中作状语，因此此处可用that/in
which，也可省略that，但根据语法填空的规则可知，此处应填that。
2．单句写作
③我不喜欢你和你妈妈说话的方式。
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
3．用适当的特殊疑问词(＋-ever)填空
④No
matter
________
difficult
it
is
now,
education
will
help
you
be
a
productive
member
in
society.
⑤________
problems
you
may
have,
you
should
gather
your
courage
to
face
them.
⑥________
Angela
goes,
there
are
crowds
of
people
waiting
to
see
her.
I
don't
like
the
way
(that)
you
talk
to
your
mother.或I
don't
like
the
way
in
which
you
talk
to
your
mother.
how
Whatever
Wherever
4.同义句转换
⑦Whenever
you
come,
I
will
welcome
you.
→_____________________，I
will
welcome
you.
⑧No
matter
where
you
go,
I'll
go
with
you.
→_____________________，
I'll
go
with
you.
⑨Whatever
the
result
is,
we
should
accept
it
with
a
smile,
because
we
have
tried
our
best.
→_____________________，
we
should
accept
it
with
a
smile,
because
we
have
tried
our
best.
No
matter
when
you
come
Wherever
you
go
No
matter
what
the
result
is
2．that引导宾语从句
(教材P36)He
was
worried
that
I
had
no
longer
become
fun
to
train
with
and
that
I
was
in
danger
of
being
left
with
only
a
world
championship
medal
and
no
one
to
share
it
with.
他担心和我一起训练不再有趣，担心我可能只剩下一枚世界冠军奖牌，且没有人与我分享。
(1)that引导宾语从句时，在句中无实际意义，不充当成分，在非正式场合可以省略。
(2)当主句谓语是think，believe，suppose，expect等词，且宾语从句表示否定时，常把否定词转移至主句。
The
boy
believes
that
he
will
travel
through
space
to
other
planets.
这个男孩相信他将穿越太空，到达其他星球。
I
don't
think
he
is
going
to
help
you
with
your
English.
我认为他不会帮你学英语。
特别注意　宾语从句中that不能省略的情况：
(1)当句中的动词后接两个或两个以上由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，但第二个及后面引导宾语从句的that不可省略。
?He
said
(that)
you
were
too
young
to
understand
the
matter
and
that
he
was
asked
not
to
tell
you.
他说你太年轻，还不懂这件事，而且有人要求他别告诉你。
(2)当主句的谓语与that引导的宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省略。
?Just
then
I
noticed,
for
the
first
time,
that
our
master
was
wearing
his
fine
green
coat
and
his
black
silk
cap.
就在那时，我第一次注意到我们的师傅穿着他那件上好的绿外套，并戴着一顶黑丝帽。
名师点津：否定转移
否定转移就是把宾语从句的否定词放在主句谓语中了，但翻译的意思不变。
否定转移的三个条件：
(1)主语是第一人称(I,
we)；
(2)主句谓语动词是一般现在时；
(3)谓语动词是think,
believe,
suppose,
imagine,
expect,
consider,
guess,
fancy等表示心理活动的动词。
如：①I
don't
think
(that)
he
will
come.
我认为他不会来。
②I
don't
believe
(that)
he
will
succeed
in
the
exam.
我认为他考试不会成功。
③I
don't
suppose
that
the
housing
prices
will
go
up.
我认为房价不会上涨了。
④I
don't
imagine
that
he
will
come
to
the
party.
我认为他不会来参加聚会。
(4)这种句型构成反意问句时，附加部分往往与宾语从句中的主谓保持人称和数的一致，而附加问句部分肯定还是否定的选用则与主句相反。如：
I
don't
think
she
can
go
with
you,
can
she?
我认为她不能同你去，是吗？
I
think
you
are
going
to
have
a
good
time
in
the
park,
aren't
you?
我想你们在公园会玩得很愉快的，对吧？
[即学即练]　
1．在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
①The
mother
likes
saying
________
she
has
a
good
daughter.
②I
was
afraid
________
he
might
fail
his
exam.
that　句意为：这位母亲喜欢说她有一个好女儿。设空处引导宾语从句，从句中不缺必要成分，故填that。
that　句意为：我担心他可能无法通过考试。此处引导形容词后的宾语从句，从句中不缺必要成分，故填that。
2．仿照例子改写句子。
例：It's
going
to
rain
soon.(I
thought)
→I
thought
(that)
it
was
going
to
rain
soon.
③He
often
helps
his
classmates
with
their
English.(All
of
us
know)
→_________________________________________________________
④He
is
going
to
start
work
at
once.
(The
teacher
said)
→_________________________________________________________
⑤Li
Lei
has
just
arrived.
(I
heard)
→_________________________________________________________
⑥Every
step
shows
in
the
snow.
(He
told
the
students)
→_________________________________________________________
All
of
us
know
(that)
he
often
helps
his
classmates
with
their
English.
The
teacher
said
(that)
he
was
going
to
start
work
at
once.
I
heard
(that)
Li
Lei
had
just
arrived.
He
told
the
students
(that)
every
step
shows
in
the
snow.
3.in
order
to
do...目的状语
(教材P36)I
think
of
countless
birthday
parties
and
nights
out
I
have
missed,
ruining
a
family
holiday
in
France
because
of
the
endless
search
for
a
swimming
pool
to
train
in,
almost
missing
my
brother's
wedding
because
I
was
too
busy
hiring
a
car
in
downtown
Johannesburg
and
driving
through
the
“no-go”
areas
in
order
to
do
a
group
ride
with
the
local
triathletes.
我想起了无数个我错过的生日派对和外出的夜晚，因为一直寻找一个可以训练的游泳池而破坏了在法国的家庭假日，因为忙于在约翰内斯堡市中心租车开过“禁行”区去和当地的铁人三项运动员一起骑行而差点错过了我哥哥的婚礼。
通常用in
order
to
do，so
as
to
do表示强调(尤其是在不定式结构前使用否定词not等词时)。注意：to
do，in
order
to
do的位置既可在句首，又可在句中；而so
as
to
do只能在句中。
To
build
a
new
house,
he
bought
some
wood
and
steel.
＝In
order
to
build
a
new
house,
he
bought
some
wood
and
steel.
＝He
bought
some
wood
and
steel
to/in
order
to/so
as
to
build
a
new
house.
为了建造新房，他买来了一些木料和钢材。
知识拓展：
(1)in
order
to
do...可以转化为in
order
that;
so
as
to
do...可以转化为so
that...
如：He
got
up
early
in
order
to/so
as
to
catch
the
early
bus.为了赶早班车，他起得很早。
＝He
got
up
early
in
order
that/so
that
he
could
catch
the
early
bus.
(2)以便让某人做……
＝in
order
to
let
sb.
do...或so
as
to
let
sb.
do...
如：My
mother
gets
up
early
every
morning
to
cook
breakfast
in
order
to/so
as
to
let
me
go
to
school
on
time.＝My
mother
gets
up
early
every
morning
in
order
for
me/so
as
for
me
to
go
to
school
on
time.妈妈每天早起做早饭，以便我能按时到校。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/翻译句子
①Chinese
researchers
hope
to
use
the
instruments
onboard
Chang'e-4
________(find)
and
study
areas
of
the
South
Pole-Aitken
basin.
②The
next
morning
he
hired
a
boat
and
set
out
________(find)
the
well-known
painter.
to
find　句意为：中国的研究者们希望用“嫦娥四号”上的设备来发现和研究月球南极—艾特肯盆地区域。结合句意可知，设空处在句中作目的状语，应用不定式，构成use
sth
to.
do...结构，意为“使用某物做……”。故填to
find。
to
find　句意为：第二天早上，他租了一艘船，出发去寻找这位著名的画家。结合句意可知，此处在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to
find。
③In
order
to
ensure
success
we
must
have
a
complete
and
thorough
plan.
___________________________________________________________
④We
work
hard
at
English
so
as
to
have
a
good
command
of
it.
___________________________________________________________
为了确保成功，我们必须要有一个完整且详尽的计划。
为了掌握好英语，我们在学习英语上下苦功夫。
4.强调句式It
is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分
(教材P37)If
you
want
to
be
an
Olympic
champion,
it's
all
about
that
little
extra
thing
you
have
done
in
your
preparation
that
will
set
you
apart
from
your
competitors.
如果你想成为奥运冠军，正是你在准备过程中所做的那些额外小事会让你在竞争者中脱颖而出。
用法详解　It
is/was...
that/who...强调句型
(1)强调句常用来突出说话人要强调的语言信息，给对方以强烈的印象和感受。译成汉语时，常加上“正是”等字眼。其基本结构是：It＋is/was＋被强调成分＋that/who＋其他成分。
He
bought
a
book
in
this
shop
yesterday.他昨天在这家店里买了一本书。
→It
was
he
that/who
bought
a
book
in
this
shop
yesterday.
是他昨天在店里买了一本书。(强调主语he)
→It
was
a
book
that
he
bought
in
this
shop
yesterday.
他昨天在店里买的是一本书。(强调宾语a
book)
→It
was
in
this
shop
that
he
bought
a
book
yesterday.
他昨天是在这家店买了一本书。(强调地点状语in
this
shop)
(2)含有not
until...的句子的强调句式：It＋is/was＋not
until...＋that＋其他成分。
He
didn't
go
home
until
he
finished
the
task./Not
until
he
finished
the
task
did
he
go
home.
→It
was
not
until
he
finished
the
task
that
he
went
home.
直到完成工作他才回家。
特别提醒：
①在该强调结构中，It无任何意义，但不可以换成This或者That等。It
is/was和that/who为结构词，去掉后剩下部分在语法结构和句子含义上均完整，这一点正是它和定语从句的本质区别。
②当被强调部分指人时，可以用who(被强调部分作主语或宾语时)或者whom(被强调部分作宾语时)代替that。
③原句中的谓语动词时态是一般过去时、过去将来时、过去进行时或过去完成时等表过去的时态时，用It
was...
that...。属于表现在的时态时，用It
is...
that...。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It
is
what
you
do
rather
than
what
you
say
________
matters.
②It
is
the
ability
to
do
the
job
________
matters,
not
where
you
come
from
or
what
you
are.
③It
is
Tom
________
is
to
blame.
④It
was
after
he
got
what
he
had
desired
________
he
realised
it
was
not
so
important.
that　这是一个强调主语的强调句型，去掉强调结构，剩下的是What
you
do
rather
than
what
you
say
matters，语义完整。
that　首先判断这是强调句型，强调的是主语the
ability
to
do
the
job，所以填that。
who/that　该句为强调句，被强调的部分为主语Tom，指人，故填who或者that。
that　该句为强调句，强调时间状语after
he
got
what
he
had
desired。注意这个空不能填when，因为把It
was及设空处删掉之后，整个句子成分完整。
⑤It
was
on
a
cold
winter
night
________
Tom
was
waiting
for
his
friend
to
see
a
movie
with
him
________
the
accident
occured.
⑥It
was
April
29,
2011
________
Prince
William
and
Kate
Middleton
walked
into
the
palace
hall
of
the
wedding
ceremony.
⑦It
was
not
until
he
went
to
college_____John
realised
the
importance
of
time.
when　
that　第一空引导定语从句，先行词为a
cold
winter
night，从句中缺少时间状语，故用when引导该从句；将句中的It
was和第二空去掉后，句子成分完整，故该句为强调句，第二空填that。
when　去掉It
was及设空处后，April
29,2011不可以单独作时间状语，所以不是强调句型。此处应用when引导时间状语从句。如果April
29,2011前有介词on，那么则是强调句，就可以填that了。
that　考查not
until在强调句中的用法。句意为：直到约翰进入大学之后，他才意识到时间的重要性。
开放课堂·自修自读
[词语积累]
[1]ruin/'ru??n/vt.毁坏，破坏，糟蹋
[2]
skip
/sk?p/
vt.不做(应做的事等)，不参加；vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走
[3]
from
across...从……对面
[4]
be
left
with被留给，剩有
They
are
left
with
nothing.什么也没有留给他们。
[5]
defensive/d?'fens?v/
adj.戒备的，怀有戒心的，自卫的；防御的，保护的，保卫的
defend
/d?'fend/
vt.
&
vi.防御，保护，保卫；vt.辩解，辩白
defense
n．[U]防御，保护，保卫；[C，U]防御物，防务，防御能力
[6]
element
/'el?m?nt/n.[C]要素，基本部分，典型部分
[7]
intensity
/?n'tens?ti/n.[U,
sing.]强烈，紧张，剧烈；[U，C]强度，烈度
[8]
on
a
day-to-day/daily
basis按每日一次的标准
day-to-day
adj.按日计划的，逐日的，每天的
basis
n．[sing.]基准，准则，方式；原因，缘由；[C，usually
sing.，U]基础，要素，基点
[9]
countless
/'ka?ntl?s/
adj.无数的，数不胜数的，数不尽的(常作前置定语)
[10]
hire
a
car租汽车
hire
/'ha??(r)/vt.租用，租借
[11]
triathlete
/tra?'?θli?t/n.[C]铁人三项运动员
[12]
boil
down
to
sth.归结为，基本问题是
[13]
enormous
amount
of大量的
enormous/?'n??m?s/
adj.巨大的，庞大的，极大的
[14]
drive
n.
[U]冲劲，干劲，精力
[15]
determination
/d??t??m?'ne??n/n.[U]决心，果断，坚定
determine
vt.决定，决心(做某事)
[16]
stay
in待在室内，不外出
[17]
get
ahead(of
sb.)领先，胜过(某人)，走在(某人的)前面
[18]
length
/le?θ/
n．[C]游泳池长度
[19]
rugby/'r?ɡbi/n.[U]橄榄球运动
[20]
roll在此表示“行动，做”。
[21]
apply
oneself
to
(doing)
sth.使自己致力于(做)某事；使(注意力等)专注于(做)某事(to是介词)
[22]
set...apart
from...使……与众不同，使……突出，使……优于……
[23]
platform/'pl?tf??m/n.[C]舞台，讲台；站台，月台
[24]
be
committed
to＝commit
oneself
to
(doing)
sth.使(自己)致力于；使(自己)承诺(与某人的长期关系)
[25]
injured/'?nd??d/
adj.受伤的，有伤的
injure/'?nd??(r)/vt.(尤指在事故中)伤害，使受伤；损害，伤害(名誉、自尊等)
injury/'?nd??ri/
n．[C，U](对躯体的)伤害，损伤；[U](对感情的)伤害，挫伤
serious
injury重伤
escape
injury险受伤害
injury
to
the
head/head
injury头部受伤
[26]
outstanding
/a?t'st?nd??/adj.优秀的，杰出的，出色的；突出的，明显的，重要的
outstanding
player/achievement/success杰出的运动员/成绩/成就
[27]
average/'?v?r?d?/
adj.普通的，平常的，一般的
[28]
normal
/'n??ml/
adj.正常的，一般的，典型的
Why
do
Olympic
athletes
push
themselves
to
the
limits?
As
one
of
the
Olympic
athletes,
I
miss
birthday
parties,
ruin[1]
family
holidays
and
skip[2]
nights
out,
but
there
is
a
very
good
reason
for
giving
up
so
much.
“We're
worried
about
you，”
said
my
friend
from
across[3]
the
table.
He
was
worried
that
I
had
no
longer
become
fun
to
train
with
and
that
I
was
in
danger
of
being
left
with[4]
only
a
world
championship
medal
and
no
one
to
share
it
with
【1】．
【1】本句为主从复合句。worried后面包含两个that引导的宾语从句。第二个宾语从句中，and连接两个并列成分only...medal和no
one...with作being
left
with
的宾语，其中不定式短语to
share
it
with作后置定语修饰one。
I
could
have
become
angry
or
defensive[5].
Don't
they
know
how
hard
it
is
to
be
at
the
top
in
sport
【2】？
Don't
they
know
what
it
takes
to
get
there?
However,
deep
down
I
knew
elements[6]
of
what
he
was
saying
were
right
【3】.
I
was
always
tired
and
every
workout
had
a
mental
intensity[7]
that
seemed
too
much
for
most
to
handle.
I
was
pushing
the
limits
and
extremes
beyond
what
most
thought
were
healthy.
【2】画线部分为how
hard引导的宾语从句，作know的宾语。it在此为形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语。
【3】画线部分为what引导的宾语从句，作of的宾语。
These
are
the
fears
I
face
as
a
professional
athlete
on
a
day-to-day
basis[8].
Who
am
I
doing
this
for?
How
much
is
too
much?
Why
am
I
doing
this?
How
can
I
be
so
selfish?
What
are
the
sacrifices
for?
I
think
of
countless[9]
birthday
parties
and
nights
out
I
have
missed,
ruining
a
family
holiday
in
France
because
of
the
endless
search
for
a
swimming
pool
to
train
in
【4】，
almost
missing
my
brother's
wedding
【5】
because
I
was
too
busy
hiring
a
car[10]
in
downtown
Johannesburg
and
driving
through
the
“no-go”
areas
in
order
to
do
a
group
ride
with
the
local
triathletes[11].
The
list
is
endless.
【4】画线部分为动词不定式短语作后置定语修饰a
swimming
pool。
【5】画线部分为现在分词短语作结果状语。miss与其逻辑主语I之间为主谓关系。
It
boils
down
to[12]
this:
I
was
born
with
an
enormous
amount
of[13]
drive[14]
and
determination[15].
From
a
small
girl,
I
would
stay
in[16]
at
lunch
time
just
to
get
ahead[17]
on
class
work
rather
than
go
out
and
play;
I
would
get
the
bus
on
my
own
at
ten
years
old
and
go
to
swim
100
lengths[18]
of
the
pool
while
other
kids
played
pool
games;
I
was
the
only
girl
in
a
rugby[19]
club
of
250
boys.
I
have
always
lived
my
life
to
extremes.
Call
it
unhealthy
if
you
want,
but
that
is
the
way
I
roll[20]，
no
matter
what
it
is
I'm
applying
myself
to[21]
【6】．
【6】本句为并列复合句。but前的分句中包含一个if引导的条件状语从句，其对应的主句为祈使句。but后的分句中包含一个no
matter
what引导的让步状语从句，其对应的主句中I
roll为省略了关系副词that的定语从句，修饰先行词way。
Being
a
professional
athlete
is
no
different.
If
you
want
to
be
an
Olympic
champion,
it's
all
about
that
little
extra
thing
you
have
done
in
your
preparation
that
will
set
you
apart
from[22]
your
competitors.
Can
this
be
overdone?
Absolutely.
But
if
your
dream
is
to
be
the
best
and
reach
the
winner's
platform[23]，
you
had
better
be
totally
committed
to[24]
your
sport.
In
the
words
of
the
British
triathlete
Alistair
Brownlee,
even
if
it
means
getting
injured[25]
【7】，
“I'd
prefer
to
have
three
or
four
outstanding[26]
years
of
winning
stuff
than
having
ten
years
of
being
average[27].”
【7】画线部分为even
if引导的让步状语从句。
Doing
what
we
do
as
athletes
【8】
sets
us
apart
because
we
are
willing
to
do
that
extra
little
bit
that
might
take
us
to
the
top.
It
is
certainly
not
a
balanced
way
to
live
【9】
and
it
is
certainly
not
normal[28]
but
those
words
are
generally
not
used
for
anyone
who
is
striving
for
greatness.
【8】画线部分为v.-ing结构作主语，其中what
we
do为what引导的宾语从句作Doing的宾语，what在该从句中作do的宾语。
【9】to
live为动词不定式短语作后置定语修饰抽象名词way。
为什么奥林匹克运动员要将自己逼到极限呢？作为一名奥林匹克运动员，我错过生日聚会、破坏阖家度假、放弃夜晚外出，但是放弃这么多是有合理的理由的。“我们很担心你，”隔着桌子坐在我对面的朋友说。他担心和我一起训练不再是一件愉悦的事情，担心我处于只剩下世界冠军的奖牌而无人可以分享的危险境地。
我本可以生气或者辩解一下的。难道他们不知道在运动中处于顶峰有多难吗？难道他们不知道到达顶峰需要付出多少吗？然而，在内心深处，我知道他说的有一些是对的。我总是疲惫不堪，每次锻炼带来的心理压力似乎对于大多数人来说都难以应对。我把极限提升到了大多数人认为超出健康的程度。
这些是我作为一名职业运动员日常面临的恐惧。我这样做是为了谁？太多是多少？我为什么要这样做？我怎么能这么自私？这些牺牲是为什么？
我想到了曾经错过的无数生日派对和本来可以外出的夜晚，因为一直寻找可以训练的游泳池，而破坏了一次去法国的阖家度假；因为忙于在约翰内斯堡市中心租车，开车闯过“禁行”区，以便和当地的铁人三项运动员组团骑行，而差点错过哥哥的婚礼。这样的事情不计其数。
归根结底，我天生就是个特别有干劲和意志力的人。我还是个小女孩时，为了在课业上名列前茅，午餐时间我会留下来学习而不出去玩。十岁的时候，当别的孩子在泳池戏水时，我会自己乘公共汽车去游泳池游50个来回；橄榄球俱乐部里，有250个男孩，只有我一个女孩。生活中我一向把事情做到极致。你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。
做一名职业运动员也不例外。你如果想成为奥运冠军，就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点，它将使你从竞争者中脱颖而出。
这过分吗？当然。但如果你的梦想是成为最棒的并站上胜利者的奖台，你最好全身心投入运动项目中。用英国铁人三项运动员阿利斯特尔·布朗利的话来说，即使这意味着要受伤，“我宁愿有三四年的胜利辉煌，而不选择十年的平庸无为。”
做运动员让我们与众不同，因为我们愿意做到那额外的一点点，以使我们走向顶峰。它当然不是一种平衡的生活方式，也肯定不寻常，但寻常、平衡这些词是不会用来形容追求伟大的人的。
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.单词拼写(用本部分所学单词)
1．The
students
benefiting
most
from
college
are
those
who
are
totally
engaged
in
________
(学术的)life,
taking
full
advantage
of
the
college's
chances
and
resources(资源)．
2．The
stress
and
________(强度)of
the
work
left
little
room
for
personal
grief
or
anxiety.
3．Who
hasn't
received
an
email
so
annoying
that
it
________(毁坏)an
entire
day?
4．The
implication
of
these
results
is
that
to
gain
the
greatest
health
benefits
from
exercise,
it
may
be
wise
to
________
(不做)eating
first.
academic
intensity
ruined
skip
5．Like
their
parents,
children
are
often
________(戒备的)
about
their
private
lives.
6．A
pocket
dictionary
doesn't
contain
enough
________(条目)．
7．However,
technology
is
also
the
application
of
scientific
knowledge
to
solve
a
problem,
touching
lives
in
________(无数的)ways.
8．The
next
morning
he
________
(租用)
a
boat
and
set
out
to
find
the
well-known
painter.
9．The
water
is
________
(沸腾)
and
is
too
hot.
Pour
it
from
one
cup
to
another
repeatedly
to
cool
it.
defensive
entries
countless
hired
boiling
10．Vocabulary
is
the
basic
________
(元素)
of
a
language.
Thoughts
and
concepts
are
expressed
through
it.
11．The
loss
of
glaciers
due
to
global
warming
represents
an
________
(巨大的)
threat
to
the
island
states
in
the
world.
12．The
room
he
has
just
rented
is
about
9
metres
in
________
(长度)
and
3
metres
in
width.
13．Talent
shows
can
provide
a
________
(平台)
for
people
who
want
to
stand
in
the
spotlight.
element
enormous
length
platform
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The
old
couple,
accustomed
to
country
life,
were
________
(willing)
to
move
to
the
city
to
live
with
their
son.
2．I
set
up
an
interview
with
her
and
we
discussed
her
project
________
length.
3．People's
lives
can
___________
(lengthen)
from
limited
to
unlimited
by
serving
the
society.
4．The
latest
survey
showed
that
many
graduates
ranked
computer
companies
________
their
first
choice
while
hunting
for
jobs.
unwilling
at
be
lengthened
as
5．Usually,
it's
impossible
to
operate
a
computer
without
a
mouse,
let
________
surf
the
Internet.
6．In
the
earthquake,
the
large
city
lay
________
ruins
within
terrible
15
seconds.
7．If
you
go
on
drinking
like
this,
one
day
your
family
will
________
(ruin)．
8．Most
obviously,
the
men
displayed
lower
blood
sugar
levels
at
the
start
of
their
workouts
when
they
__________
(skip)
breakfast
than
when
they
had
eaten.
alone
in
be
ruined
had
skipped
9．She
had
to
choose
between
giving
up
her
job
or
________(hire)
a
babysitter.
10．She
runs
________
average
about
15
miles
a
day,
whatever
the
circumstances
and
whatever
the
weather.
11．Since
its
introduction,
the
Beidou
navigation
system
has
been
applied
________
everyday
life,
from
shared
bikes
to
farming.
12．The
increase
of
energy
will
even
make
you
more
willing
________
(exercise),
and
that
will
raise
your
overall
energy
even
more.
hiring
on
to
to
exercise
Ⅲ.根据汉语提示完成句子
1．_________________________________________(我所想到的解决这个问题的方法)
proves
to
be
practical.(way)
2．It
is
his
constant
desire
to
be
creative
that
_____________________
_________
(使他与绝大多数工程师与众不同)．(set...apart
from)
3．Over
the
past
years,
she
________________________
(致力于研究)
ancient
Chinese
architecture.
(apply)
4．The
issue
basically
_____________(归结为)
how
much
it
costs
to
develop
and
maintain
the
software.
5．It
remains
uncertain
when
the
train
service
will
_____________
(恢复正常)after
the
strike.
6．_______________________________
(无论你喜欢做什么),
there
is
a
way
to
get
involved
in
various
activities
on
Earth
Day.
The
way(which/that)
I
thought
of
to
solve
the
problem
sets
him
apart
from
most
engineers
has
applied
herself
to
studying
boils
down
to
return
to
normal
Whatever/No
matter
what
you
like
to
do
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
I
was
born
with
an
enormous
amount
of
drive
and
1.___________
(determine).
From
a
small
girl,
I
would
stay
in
at
lunch
time
just
to
get
ahead
on
class
work
rather
2.________go
out
and
play.
I
would
get
the
bus
on
my
own
at
ten
years
old
and
go
to
swim
100
3.________
(length)
of
the
pool
while
other
kids
played
pool
games;
I
was
4.________only
girl
in
a
rugby
club
of
250
boys.
I
have
always
lived
my
life
to
extremes.
I
think
5.________
countless
birthday
parties
and
nights
out
I
have
missed,
6.________
(ruin)
a
family
holiday
in
France
because
of
the
endless
search
for
a
swimming
pool
7.________
(train)
in,
almost
missing
my
brother's
wedding
because
I
was
too
busy
hiring
a
car
in
downtown
Johannesburg
and
driving
through
the
“no-go”
areas.
determination
than
lengths
the
of
ruining
to
train
Being
a
professional
athlete
is
no
8.________
(difference).
Doing
what
we
do
as
athletes
9.________
(set)
us
apart
because
we
are
willing
to
do
that
extra
little
bit
that
might
take
10.________
(we)
to
the
top.
different
sets
us

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