资源简介

真题练手
In 1981, a volume of letters written by his father, primarily to Mr. Fou, was published in China. Full of advice, encouragement, life teachings and strict paternal love, the book Fu Lei's Family, Letters became a best-seller in China. Besides influencing a generation of Chinese, Mr. Fu's words resonated(共鸣)long after his death with the person for whom they were intended.
1：What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Mr. Fu's words. B．Young Chinese.
C．Fou Ts'ong and his family. D．Readers of Fu Lei's Family Letters.
（二）
Scientists at the University of Oxford have developed new artificial intelligence(AI) software to recognize and follow up the faces of chimpanzees(黑猩猩)in the wild. The new software will allow researchers and wildlife conservationists to significantly cut back on time spent analyzing videos, according to the new paper published in Science Advances.
“For species(物种)like chimpanzees, which have complex social lives and live for many years,getting photos of their behavior taken from short-term field research can only tell us so much,” says Dan Schofield, researcher and DPhil student at Oxford University's Private Models Lab, School of Anthropology. “By taking advantage of the power of machine learning to unlock large video files, it makes it possible to measure behavior over the long term.”2022高考英语阅读题型专项讲解之代词指代题（教师版）
目录
内容
Section
A
高考真题练手
Section
B
解题技巧及步骤梳理
Section
C
例题练习及讲解
Section
D
课堂限时训练
Section
E
课后练习巩固
真题练手
（一）
In
1981,
a
volume
of
letters
written
by
his
father,
primarily
to
Mr.
Fou,
was
published
in
China.
Full
of
advice,
encouragement,
life
teachings
and
strict
paternal
love,
the
book
Fu
Lei's
Family,
Letters
became
a
best-seller
in
China.
Besides
influencing
a
generation
of
Chinese,
Mr.
Fu's
words
resonated(共鸣)long
after
his
death
with
the
person
for
whom
they
were
intended.
1：What
does
the
underlined
word
"they"
in
Paragraph
4
refer
to?
A．Mr.
Fu's
words.
B．Young
Chinese.
C．Fou
Ts'ong
and
his
family.
D．Readers
of
Fu
Lei's
Family
Letters.
【解析】
代词指代题。。根据第四段中的
“Besides
influencing
a
generation
of
Chinese,
Mr.
Fu's
words
resonated（共鸣）long
after
his
death
with
the
person
for
whom
they
were
intended.(此外，傅聪不仅影响了一代中国人，而且在他去世后很长一段时间里，他的遗言还能对听到这些话的人产生共鸣。)”可以看出，they指代上文提到的Mr.
Fu's
words，说明除了影响了一代中国人外，傅聪先生的话在他去世后依然能够让听到这些话的人产生共鸣。由此推知，they这个词指的是
his
words。故选A。
（二）
Scientists
at
the
University
of
Oxford
have
developed
new
artificial
intelligence(AI)
software
to
recognize
and
follow
up
the
faces
of
chimpanzees(黑猩猩)in
the
wild.
The
new
software
will
allow
researchers
and
wildlife
conservationists
to
significantly
cut
back
on
time
spent
analyzing
videos,
according
to
the
new
paper
published
in
Science
Advances.
“For
species(物种)like
chimpanzees,
which
have
complex
social
lives
and
live
for
many
years,getting
photos
of
their
behavior
taken
from
short-term
field
research
can
only
tell
us
so
much,”
says
Dan
Schofield,
researcher
and
DPhil
student
at
Oxford
University's
Private
Models
Lab,
School
of
Anthropology.
“By
taking
advantage
of
the
power
of
machine
learning
to
unlock
large
video
files,
it
makes
it
possible
to
measure
behavior
over
the
long
term.”
2.What
does
the
underlined
word
“it”
in
Paragraph
2
refer
to?
A.Getting
photos.
B.Analyzing
videos.
C.A
powerful
machine.
D.The
new
AI
software.
【解析】
代词指代题。。根据第一段的叙述及画线词前的“By
taking
advantage
of
the
power
of
machine
learning
to
unlock
large
video
files...”可推断it指代第一段中提到的新的人工智能软件。故选D项。
（三）
The
model
was
created
with
data
collected
over
a
12-year
period
from
12
Swiss
weather
stations
in
cities
and
mountain
areas.
The
data
related
to
four
main
surface
conditions:air
pressure,
air
temperature,
relative
humidity
and
wind
speed.
The
atmospheric
data
was
placed
into
a
machine
learning
algorithm(算法),
which
compared
it
to
records
of
lightning
strikes.
Researchers
say
the
algorithm
was
then
able
to
learn
the
conditions
under
which
lightning
happens.
3：What
does
the
underlined
word
“it”
refer
to?
A.Lightning.
B.The
system
being
tested.
C.The
atmospheric
data.
D.The
machine
learning
algorithm.
【解析】
代词指代题。。
根据第五段中The
atmospheric
data
was
placed
into
a
machine
learning
algorithm(算法),
which
compared
it
to
records
of
lightning
strikes.可知,大气数据被植入到机器学习算法中,随后算法会将这些数据与闪电袭击纪录进行比较。故选C项。
解题步骤梳理
一、词义猜测题概念及特点
指代题主要考查考生整体理解语篇的能力，并推断出该处指代词所代表的含义。理解相关句子的意义及上下文之间的逻辑关系是解这类题目的关键。
任何两句话之间的逻辑关系不外乎两种情况：不是顺着意思讲下去(顺接)就是意思发生了转折(逆接)。先判断前后两句之间的顺逆接关系，再寻找正确的选项解题就容易多了。
在语篇中有时为了避免重复提及某一个词或者短语，常常用指代词表示，如：要求考生指出代词it，they，one等的指代对象。指代词起连接语篇的作用，它能体现出语篇中各句子之间的逻辑关系。解题时需要做到：①返回原文，找出指代词；②“左顾右盼”，找与其最接近的名词，名词性词组或句子；③替换该指代词，看意思是否通顺；④将找到的词、词组与四个选项相比较找出最佳答案。
二、词义猜测题的设问形式
①　The
word
“
代词
”
in
refer
to？
三、代词指代题解题步骤及方法
①：返回原文，找出出题的指代词。
②：向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子(先从最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远)。
③：将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。
④：将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案。
例题及讲解
例题1：
Jo
Usmar
is
a
writer
forCosmopolitanand
co-author
of
theThis
Book
Willseries
(系列)
of
lifestyle
books.
Here
she
picks
her
top
reads.
Matilda
RoaldDahl
?I
once
wrote
a
paper
on
the
influence
of
fairy
tales
on
Roald
Dahl’s
writing
and
it
gave
me
a
new
appreciation
for
his
strange
and
delightful
worlds.
Matilda’s
battles
with
her
cruel
parents
and
the
bossy
headmistress,
Miss
Trunchbull,
are
equally
funny
and
frightening,
but
they’re
also
aspirational.
1.
Who
does“I”
refer
to
in
the
text?
A.
Stephen
King.??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????
B.
Gillian
Flynn.
C.
Jo
Usmar.??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
D.Roald
Dahl.
解析：代词指代题。
我最喜爱的书????乔·乌斯马是一位作家，为《时尚》杂志供稿，同时还是“摆脱困扰”人生系列丛书的合著者之一。在此，她选出了自己最喜欢的几本书。Here
she
picks
her
top
reads.
文章以?Jo
Usmar.的语气写的，因此答案C
例题2：From
the
cold
Arctic
to
the
African
plains,
every
society
seems
to
have
some
form
of
music
as
part
of
their
culture.
Music
is
so
common
and
widespread
that
most
people
don't
even
question
it
anymore.
But
until
recently,
there
were
researchers
who
doubted
it:How
could
we
know
that
music
was
really
a
part
of
all
known
societies?
2．What
does
the
underlined
word
“it”
in
Paragraph
1
refer
to?
A.The
fact
that
music
is
part
of
every
culture.
B.The
question
whether
music
is
widely
spread.
C.The
doubt
whether
further
research
has
been
done.
D.The
idea
that
Africa
and
the
Arctic
have
cool
music.
解析：代词指代题。。根据画线词后的“How
could
we
know
that
music
was
really
a
part
of
all
known
societies?”可推知it指代音乐是每种文化的一部分这一事实。故选A项。
例题3：In
the
mid-1990s,
Tom
Bissell
taught
English
as
a
volunteer
in
Uzbekistan.
He
left
after
seven
months,
physically
broken
and
having
lost
his
mind.
A
few
years
later,
still
attracted
to
the
country,
he
returned
to
Uzbekistan
to
write
an
article
about
the
disappearance
of
the
Aral
Sea.
His
visit,
however,
ended
up
involving
a
lot
more
than
that.
Hence
this
book,
Chasing
the
Sea:
Lost
Among
the
Ghosts
of
Empire
in
Central
Asia,
which
talks
about
a
road
trip
from
Tashkent
to
Karakalpakstan,
where
millions
of
lives
have
been
destroyed
by
the
slow
drying
up
of
the
sea.
It
is
the
story
of
an
American
travelling
to
a
strange
land,
and
of
the
people
he
meets
on
his
way:
Rustam,
his
translator,
a
lovely
24-year-old
who
picked
up
his
colorful
English
in
California,
Oleg
and
Natasha,
his
hosts
in
Tashkent,
and
a
string
of
foreign
aid
workers.
3：What
does
the
underlined
word
“that”
in
paragraph
2
refer
to?
A
Developing
a
serious
mental
disease.
B.
Taking
a
guided
tour
in
Central
Asia.
C.
Working
as
a
volunteer
in
Uzbekistan.
D.
Writing
an
article
about
the
Aral
Sea.
解析：代词指代题。。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容，根据第一段最后一句”A
few
years
later,
still
attracted
to
the
country,
he
returned
to
Uzbekistan
to
write
an
article
about
the
disappearance
of
the
Aral
Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。
例题4：Several
safari
camps
operate
as
the
base
for
this
adventure,
providing
unique
rides
twice
a
day
to
explore
deep
into
the
delta.
The
camps
have
excellent
horses,
professional
guides
and
lots
of
support
workers.
They
have
a
reputation
for
providing
a
great
riding
experience.
4：What
does
the
underlined
word
"They"
refer
to?
A.Flooded
waters.
B.
Wildlife
journeys.
C.
Safari
camps.
D.
Unique
rides.
解析：代词指代题。上两句中谈到了"Several
safari
camps"给游客提供的服务以及它们的特点，本句又说明它们因为给游客提供美妙的骑马的经历而闻名，因此They指的是上文提到的"Several
safari
camps"。
课堂限时训练
（A）
to
construct
a
working
still,
use
a
sharp
stick
or
rock
to
dig
a
hole
four
feet
across
and
three
feet
deep.
Try
to
make
the
hole
in
a
damp
area
to
increase
the
its（the
water
catcher‘s）
productivity.
Place
your
cup
in
the
deepest
part
of
the
hole.
Then
lay
the
tube
in
place
so
that
one
end
rests
all
the
way
in
the
cup
and
the
rest
of
the
line
runs
up
—
and
out
—
the
side
of
the
hole.?
1：What
does
the
underlined
phrase
"it"
in
paragraph
2
refer
to??
A.
The
tube.
B.
The
still.?
C.
The
hole.
D.
The
cup.?
解析：代词指代题。根据语境，尤其是第二段的第一句?"To
construct
a
working
still,
use
a
sharp
stick
or
rock
to
dig
a
hole
four
feet
across
and
three
feet
deep"可知，画线部分it指代前句中的a
working
still，即自制的太阳能蒸馏器。
（B）
If
humans
were
truly
at
home
under
the
light
of
the
moon
and
stars,
we
would
go
in
darkness
happily,
the
midnight
world
as
visible
to
us
as
it
is
to
the
vast
number
of
nocturnal
(夜间活动的)
species
on
this
planet.
Instead,
we
are
diurnal
creatures,
with
eyes
adapted
to
living
in
the
sun's
light.
This
is
a
basic
evolutionary
fact,
even
though
most
of
us
don't
think
of
ourselves
as
diurnal
beings.
Yet
it's
the
only
way
to
explain
what
we've
done
to
the
night:
We've
engineered
it
to
receive
us
by
filling
it
with
light.
1.
What
does
"it"
(Paragraph
1)
most
probably
refer
to?
A.
The
night.
B.
The
moon.
C.
The
sky.
D.
The
planet.
解析：
代词指代题。首先根据选段中的“the
midnight
world
as
visible
to
us
as
it
is
to
the
vast
number
of
nocturnal
(夜间活动的)
species
on
this
planet.
Instead,
we
are
diurnal
creatures,
with
eyes
adapted
to
living
in
the
sun's
light.
”（在这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西）”可知，联系上文中的"what
we've
done
to
the
night"可知，it指代的是the
night，因此选A。。
（C）
The
behaviour
of
a
building's
users
may
be
at
least
as
important
as
its
design
when
it
comes
to
energy
use,
according
to
new
research
from
the
UK
Energy
Research
Centre(UKERC).
The
UK
promises
to
reduce
its
carbon
emissions
(排放)
by
80
percent
by
2050,
part
of
which
will
be
achieved
by
all
new
homes
being
zero-carbon
by
2016.
But
this
report
shows
that
sustainable
building
design
on
its
own
—
though
extremely
important
—
is
not
enough
to
achieve
such
reductions:
the
behaviour
of
the
people
using
the
building
has
to
change
too.
The
study
suggests
that
the
ways
that
people
use
and
live
in
their
homes
have
been
largely
ignored
by
existing
efforts
to
improve
energy
efficiency
(效率),
which
instead
focus
on
architectural
and
technological
developments.
1．The
underlined
word
"which"
in
Paragraph
2
refers
to
"____".
A.
the
ways
B.
their
homes
C.
developments
D.
existing
efforts
参考解析：
代词指代题。研究表明，人们在家中使用的能源和生活的方式在很大程度上已被提高能源利用效率的现有努力所忽视，这些努力反而被集中于农业和技术的发展。画线词所在句是一个非限制性定语从句，which指代前文中的existing
efforts。
课后巩固
（A）
Reading
can
be
a
social
activity.
Think
of
the
people
who
belong
to
book
groups.
They
choose
books
to
read
and
then
meet
to
discuss
them.
Now,
the
website

turns
the
page
on
the
traditional
idea
of
a
book
group.
Members
go
on
the
site
and
register
the
books
they
own
and
would
like
to
share.
Book
Crossing
provides
an
identification
number
to
stick
inside
the
book.
Then
the
person
leaves
it
in
a
public
place,
hoping
that
the
book
will
have
an
adventure,
traveling
far
and
wide
with
each
new
reader
who
finds
it.
1.
What
does
the
underlined
word
"it"
in
Paragraph
2
refer
to?
A.
The
book.
B.
An
adventure.
C.
A
public
place.
D.
The
identification
number.
参考解析
代词指代题。根据第二段中的"hoping
that
the
book
will
have
an
adventure,
traveling
far
and
wide..."可知，此处的"it"指的是"the
book"。故选A项。
（B）
We
shared
the
belief
that
if
you’re
fortunate
enough
to
have
success,
you
should
put
something
back
—
he
with
his
Newman’s
Own
food
and
his
Hole
in
the
Wall
camps
for
kids
who
are
seriously
ill,
and
me
with
Sundance
and
the
institute
and
the
festival.
Paul
and
I
didn’t
see
each
other
all
that
regularly,
but
sharing
that
brought
us
together.
We
supported
each
other
financially
and
by
showing
up
at
events.?
1：What
does
the
underlined
word
"that"
in
paragraph
3
refer
to??
A.
Their
belief.
B.
Their
care
for
children.?
C.
Their
success.
D.
Their
support
for
each
other.
参考解析
代词指代题。根据第三段中的"We
shared
the
belief
that
if
you’re
fortunate
enough
to
have
success,
you
should
put
something
back"可知，下文的内容是对the
belief的解释，that引导同位语从句，解释说明the
belief的具体内容。下文提到了我们并不经常见面，但是分享这个信念把我们带到了一起。故选A项。
（C）
Taxis
on
a
rainy
New
York
night
are
rarer
than
sunshine.
By
the
time
the
group
got
up
to
leave,
it
was
pouring
outside.
Welty's
new
friends
immediately
sent
a
waiter
to
find
a
cab.
Heading
back
downtown
toward
her
hotel,
her
big-city
friends
were
amazed
at
the
turn
of
events
that
had
changed
their
Big
Apple
dinner
into
a
Mississippi
state
reunion(团聚).
"My
friend
said:
‘Now
we
believe
your
stories,’"
Welty
added.
"And
I
said:‘Now
you
know.
These
are
the
people
that
make
me
write
them.’"
1：The
underlined
word
"them"
in
Paragraph
6
refers
to
Welty's.
A.
readers
B.
parties
C.
friends
D.
stories
参考解析
代词指代题。画线词所在句"These
are
the
people
that
make
me
write
them"的主语These指的就是像那两位陌生人那样的人，换言之，这些新朋友就成了Welty笔下的写作素材,这些人就是让她写小说的人，故them指的是"小说"。
（D）
When
Masqsood
and
If
tekhar
began
to
study
the
problem
of
all
the
uncollected
rubbish
that
lay
in
Dhaka's
streets,
attracting
rats
and
disease,
they
discovered
that
80%
of
it
was
natural
waste.
So
they
educated
the
poor
people
in
the
city
to
compost
(把……制成堆肥)
this
waste.
They
knew
that
they
would
have
a
market
for
the
end
product
because
local
farmers
were
struggling
with
chemical
fertilisers
(化肥)
which
were
expensive
and
had
reduced
the
natural
minerals
in
they
soil
over
they
years.
At
first,
they
were
refused,
but
once
they
were
able
to
persuade
them
that
there
was
money
to
be
made,
the
project
took
off.
In
2009
sales
were
＄14，000.
1：The
underlined
word
"them"
in
Paragraph
3
probably
refers
to
"____".
A.
the
local
farmers
B.
Masqsood
and
Iftekhar
C.
Drayton
and
his
team
D.
the
poor
people
in
Dhaka
参考解析
代词指代题。第三段讲的是在1995年Masqsood
and
Iftekhar负责教城里的穷人们把垃圾制成堆肥，因为他们认为这些化肥会有市场，但起初遭到拒绝，当他们说服这些芬人这样做有钱可赚时，这一项目得以实施。故画线的them指代the
poor
people
in
the
city。故选D。
（E）
Some
of
the
world’s
most
famous
musicians
recently
gathered
in
Paris
and
New
Orleans
to
celebrate
the
first
annual
International
Jazz
Day.
UNESCO
(United
Nations
Educational,
Scientific
and
Cultural
Organization)
recently
set
April
30
as
a
day
to
raise
awareness
of
jazz
music,
its
significance,
and
its
potential
as
a
unifying
(联合)
voice
across
cultures.?
Despite
the
celebrations,
though,
in
the
U.S.
the
jazz
audience
continues
to
shrink
and
grow
older,
and
the
music
has
failed
to
connect
with
younger
generations.?
It’s
Jason
Moran’s
job
to
help
change
that.
As
the
Kennedy
Center’s
artistic
adviser
for
jazz,
Moran
hopes
to
widen
the
audience
for
jazz,
make
the
music
more
accessible,
and
preserve
its
history
and
culture.?
1：What
does
the
underlined
word
"that"
in
paragraph
3
refer
to??
A.
Jazz
becoming
more
accessible.?
B.
The
production
of
jazz
growing
faster.?
C.
Jazz
being
less
popular
with
the
young.?
D.
The
jazz
audience
becoming
larger.?
参考解析
代词指代题。根据语境可知，画线词that指代上段"Despite
the
celebrations,
though,
in
the
U.S.
the
jazz
audience
continues
to
shrink
and
grow
older,
and
the
music
has
failed
to
connect
with
younger
generations"的内容，即爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢的现状。?
（F）
His
black-and-white
pictures
present
a
world
almost
lost
in
time.
These
pictures
show
people
seemingly
pushed
into
a
world
that
they
were
unprepared
for.
These
local
citizens
now
have
to
balance
their
traditional
self-supporting
hunting
lifestyle
with
the
lifestyle
offered
by
the
modern
French
Republic,
which
brings
with
it
not
only
necessary
state
welfare,
but
also
alcoholism,
betrayal
and
even
suicide.
1：What
does
the
underlined
word
"it"
in
the
last
paragraph
refer
to?
A.
The
modern
French
lifestyle.
B.
The
self-supporting
hunting.
C.
The
uncivilized
world.
D.
The
French
Republic.
参考解析
代词指代题。根据最后一段中的"These
local
citizens
now
have
to
balance
their
traditional
self-supporting
hunting
lifestyle
with
the
lifestyle
offered
by
the
modern
French
Republic,
which
brings
with
it
not
only
necessary
state
welfare,
but
also
alcoholism,
betrayal
and
even
suicide"可知，it指代的是上文的"the
lifestyle
offered
by
the
modern
French
Republic"。所以A项正确。

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