资源简介

(共87张PPT)
1.使用条件：一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,
又没有连词的情况下,
还有别的动词出现时，就需要使用非谓语动词。比较：
非谓语动词（Non-finite
verb）
She
got
off
the
bus,
leaving
her
handbag
on
her
seat.
She
got
off
the
bus,
but
left
her
handbag
on
her
seat.
2.基本形式：
表目的，将要去做的事情
to
do
doing
done
与逻辑主语是主动、进行关系
与逻辑主语是被动、完成关系
（1）_______
from
the
top
of
the
hill,
our
house
looks
like
a
car.
（2）_______
the
dog
come
over,
our
friend
ran
away.
（3）_______
from
the
top
of
a
hill,
and
you’ll
find
the
city
more
beautiful.
（4）_______
more
clearly,
they
came
up
and
got
close
to
it.
To
see
Seen
Seeing
See
see
试
比
较
1).谓语动词：
3.功能作用
2).非谓语动词：
在句子中担任谓语的动词
是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分
功能
形式
主
语
宾
语
表
语
补
语
定
语
状语
时间
原因
条件
伴随/
方式
目的
结果
让步
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
V-ing
动名词
√
√
√
√
现在分词
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
过去分词
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
(get)
up
late
is
a
lazy
habit.
(get)
up
late
tomorrow
will
cause
bad
result.
(say)
is
easy,
but
to
do
is
hard.
When
and
where
(hold)
the
meeting
is
not
known
yet.
01
非谓语动词做主语
经常性的、习惯性的动作----泛指
动名词
具体的、特定的行为
----特指
不定式
Getting
To
get
To
say
to
hold
例题：It
is
clear
that
________
(finish)
this
task
will
take
a
long
time.
解析：完成这项任务是一次具体的情况，故用不定式较好，填to
finish。
to
finish
01
非谓语动词做主语
当主语较长，为了避免头重脚轻，常用it做形式主语。
to
do
固定句式
It
is
+
adj./n
+
for
sb.+
to
do
sth.
(形容事物的性质)
It
is
+
adj.
+
of
sb.
+
to
do
sth.
(形容人的品质)
It
takes
(sb.)
some
time
…to
do…
It
occurred/
occurs
to
sb.
to
do
sth.
1.It
is
easy
for
me
to
finish
this
work.
2.It
is
a
great
honor
for
us
to
be
present
at
your
birthday
party.
3.It
is
very
kind
of
you
to
give
me
some
help.
4.It
takes
me
some
time
to
finish
my
homework.
01
非谓语动词做主语
doing
固定句式
It’s
no
use/no
good/great
fun
doing
sth.
It’s
a
waste
of
time/money
doing
sth.
There
is
no
point/
no
use
doing
sth.
It
is
no
use
crying
over
spilt
milk.
It’s
a
waste
of
time
playing
game.
There
is
no
point
studying
without
thinking.
01
非谓语动词做主语
It's
no
use
(cry)
over
spilt
milk.
It
is
rude
you
to
bite
the
boy.
It
is
a
waste
of
money
(buy)
something
they
don’t
need.
It
is
important
me
__________
(attend)
the
math
competition.
There
is
no
point
(wait)
here.
It's
impolite
____
you
(speak)to
the
teacher
like
that.
It's
worth
_________(make)
an
appointment
before
you
go..
即时练习
crying
of
buying
for
to
attend
waiting
of
to
speak
making
2.非谓语动词做宾语：
功能
形式
主
语
宾
语
表
语
补
语
定
语
状语
时间
原因
条件
伴随/
方式
目的
结果
让步
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
V-ing
动名词
√
√
√
√
现在分词
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
过去分词
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
02
非谓语动词做宾语
动词不定式作动词宾语
I
have
decided
to
study
engineering.
I
don’t
want
to
go
shopping.
wish/hope
intend
offer
decide/determine
long
arrange
promise
refuse
pretend
expect
dare
plan
demand
agree
manage
prepare
desire
determine
fail
happen
choose
afford
prefer
attempt
hesitate
threaten
likely
总结：只用不定式作宾语的动词有：
02
非谓语动词做宾语
疑问词/whether+to
do作宾语
I
had
a
cold
and
couldn't
decide
whether
to
go
to
see
a
doctor.
2.
He
taught
us
how
to
use
the
tool.
3.
No
one
could
tell
me
where
to
get
the
book.
常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:
tell,
advise,
show,
teach,
find
out,
decide,
discuss,
learn,
explain…
know,
show,
discover
02
非谓语动词做宾语
巧记后接不定式作宾语的动词（短语）
决心学会想希望（决心decide
学会learn
想want
希望hope
）
拒绝设法愿假装（拒绝refuse
设法manage
愿wish
假装pretend）
主动答应选计划（主动offer答应promise
选choose
计划plan
）
同意请求帮一帮（同意agree
请求ask
帮一帮help）
02
非谓语动词做宾语
动名词作动词宾语
I
enjoy
losing
face.
I
dislike
reading
book.
admit,
appreciate,
avoid,
delay,
deny,
dislike,
enjoy,
escape,
excuse,
finish,
complete,
imagine,
fancy,
mind,
miss,
practise,
prevent,
resist,
risk,
suggest,
consider
总结：只用动名词作宾语的动词有：
02
非谓语动词做宾语
动名词作动词词组宾语
I
look
forward
to
seeing
him
again.
He
is
addicted
to
playing
video
game.
look
forward
to,
pay
attention
to,
turn
to,
be
used/accustomed
to,
get
down
to,
on
one’s
way
to,
devote…to,
stick
to,
object
to,
contribute
to,
lead
to,
be
used
to,
can’t
help,
feel
like,
give
up,
spend/waste
time/
money
(in),
have
difficulty/trouble/a
hard
time
(in),
be
fond
of
,
be
tired
of
,
be
worthy
of
(being
done)
总结：常用动名词作宾语的动词短语有：
02
非谓语动词做宾语
巧记后接动词-ing作宾语的动词（短语）
建议考虑坚持练（suggest/advise,
consider,
insist
on,
practise）
允许想象弃冒险（permit,
allow,
imagine,
give
up,
risk）
阻止抵制否避开（prevent,
resist,
deny,
escape）
不禁介意保持完（can't
help,
mind,
keep,
finish）
承认错过心喜欢（admit,
miss,
enjoy）
eg:
They
don't
allow
smoking
in
the
hall.
他们不准（有人）在大厅里吸烟。
Her
parents
don't
allow
her
to
stay
out
late.
她的父母不允许她在外面待到很晚。
特别提醒：动词advise,allow,permit后可直接跟动词-ing作宾语；但当其后有名词或代词作宾语时，要跟不定式作补语。如：
02
非谓语动词做宾语
注意:
某些动词后可用doing,也可用to
do作宾语,但意义不同。
1)
stop/
go
on
I
stopped
working
and
looked
at
him.
He
stopped
to
look
at
him.
2)
remember/
forget/
regret
Remember
to
lock
the
door.
I
remember
locking
the
door.
3)
try/
mean/cannot
help
I
tried
knocking
at
the
door,
but
nobody
answered.
I
will
try
to
improve
my
English.
02
非谓语动词做宾语
注意:
某些动词后可用doing,也可用to
do作宾语,但意义不同。
4)
allow/advise/permit
We
don’t
allow
___________(smoke)
in
the
hall.
My
parents
don’t
allow
me
__________(go)
at
night.
Smoking
is
forbidden
here
and
you
are
________(allow)
to
smoke
over
there.
smoking
to
go
out
allowed
02
非谓语动词做宾语
补充:
①用it充当形式宾语的句型
Sb+find/think/feel/make/believe
it
+adj/n+
to
do
sth/that从句
eg:
He
had
no
choice
but
to
accept
the
fact.
He
was
not
able
to
do
anything
but/except
wait.
eg:
I
found
it
difficult
to
finish
the
task
on
my
own.
②非谓语动词作介词的宾语
动词作介词的宾语时，大多用动词-ing形式，不用不定式。但在but，
except,
than等少数几个介词后跟不定式作宾语。若这些介词前有实
义动词do时，则不定式常省略to；反之，to保留。如：
02
非谓语动词做宾语
即时练习
She
expects
(raise)
people's
awareness
by
(post)
a
video
on
the
internet.
We
can't
imagine
(experience)
all
the
problems
in
the
health-care
system.
I
think
it
impossible
__________(solve)
the
problem
in
a
short
time.
I
still
remember
(visit)
a
friend
who’d
lived
here
for
five
years.
I
didn’t
mean
(eat)
anything
but
the
ice
cream
looked
so
good
that
I
couldn’t
help
(try)
it.
Brian
is
gifted
in
writing
music;
he
is
very
likely
______(be)
a
musician.
to
raise
posting
experiencing
to
solve
visiting
to
eat
trying
to
be
3.非谓语动词做表语：
功能
形式
主
语
宾
语
表
语
补
语
定
语
状语
时间
原因
条件
伴随/
方式
目的
结果
让步
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
V-ing
动名词
√
√
√
√
现在分词
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
过去分词
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
03
非谓语动词做表语
动名词做表语：表明主语的性质和特征
不定式做表语:
具体、特定、未来
aim/
purpose/
intention/
plan/
wish/
decision/
choice/need
His
job
is
(collect)
folk
songs.
As
friends,
our
duty
is
(care)
about
each
other.
Her
wish
is
(become)
a
lawyer.
Your
task
today
is
(wash)
the
curtains.
She
is
(return)
next
week.
collecting
caring
to
become
to
wash
to
return
03
非谓语动词做表语
现在分词做表语：令人…的
过去分词做表语:
感到…的
The
story
is
very
moving
and
students
were
moved.
1.He
gave
out
a
___________
(frighten)
cry.
2.
I
can
see
his
_____________
(disappoint)
expression.
3.
He
looked
at
the
girl
with
_________
(charm)
smile.
frightening
disappointed
charming
03
非谓语动词做表语
即时练习
My
wish
is
______(be)
a
scientist.
He
seemed
quite__________(delight)
at
the
news.
The
most
important
purpose
of
first
aid
is
_______(save)
one’s
life.
A
sudden
stop
can
be
a
very
____________(frighten)
experience,
especially
if
you
are
travelling
at
high
speed.
Our
plan
is
______(set)
up
another
middle
school
for
the
peasants’
children.
My
job
is
_________(drive)
them
to
the
power
station
every
day.
The
glass
is
_______(break).
The
news
is
very
________.
After
hearing
the
news,
we
felt
______
(excite).
to
be
delighted
to
save
frightening
to
set
driving
broken
exciting
excited
4.非谓语动词做补语：
功能
形式
主
语
宾
语
表
语
补
语
定
语
状语
时间
原因
条件
伴随/
方式
目的
结果
让步
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
V-ing
动名词
√
√
√
√
现在分词
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
过去分词
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
04
非谓语动词做补语
1）advise,
allow,
permit,
forbid,
ask,
beg,
encourage,
drive,
invite,
order,
force,
persuade等动词后用不定式作宾补。
V+sb+(not)
to
do
The
doctor
warned
him
___________(eat)
too
much
meat.
People
considered
him
___________(be)
a
great
leader.
not
to
eat
to
be
2)
表示见解\看法的动词后用不定式作宾补。believe,
consider,
declare,
discover,
feel,
find,
guess,
imagine,
judge,
04
非谓语动词做补语
3)
感官动词：
感：feel
听：hear、listen
to
看：look
at、see
、watch、observe、notice
被动
感官动词
主动、全过程（被动还原to）
省to的不定式
分词
doing
-ed
主动、动作的某瞬间
04
非谓语动词做补语
3)
感官动词：
I
saw
him
make
the
phone
call.
I
saw
him
making
a
phone
call.
I
saw
him
knocked
down
by
the
car.
I
saw
him
being
beaten
by
a
man.
主动、全过程
主动、进行
被动
被动、进行
04
非谓语动词做补语
4)
使役动词：
let,
make,
have,
get,
keep,
leave
使某事被做或请某人做某事
（被动）
感官动词
使某人做某事（主动）
不定式
分词
doing
-ed
使某人一直做某事，保持某种状态
（主动）
04
非谓语动词做补语
4)
使役动词：
let,
make,
have,
get,
keep,
leave
let
sb/sth
do
make
sb/sth
do
(被动还原to)
make
sb/sth
done
make
sb/sth
doing
He
can't
make
his
English
understood.
04
非谓语动词做补语
4)
使役动词：
let,
make,
have,
get,
keep,
leave
get/leave
sb/sth
to
do
Her
parents
left
her
to
choose
her
own
friends.
get/leave/keep
sb/sth
doing
Don’t
leave
him
waiting
outside
in
the
rain.
I
am
sorry
to
have
kept
you
waiting
so
long.
get/leave/keep
sb/sth
done
I’ll
get
my
bike
repaired
tomorrow.
We
must
keep
the
old
temple
protected.
04
非谓语动词做补语
4)
使役动词：
let,
make,
have(让）,
get,
keep,
leave
Have
sb
do
Have
sb/sth
doing
Have
sb/sth
done
He
had
his
son
clean
the
car.
He
always
has
his
radio
working
when
sleeping.
My
car
is
broken,
l
have
to
have
it
repaired.
Mary
had
her
watch
stolen
the
other
day.
让某人做某事/
遭遇某种不幸
04
非谓语动词做补语
4)
使役动词：
let,
make,
have(让）,
get,
keep,
leave
have
sb
do
have
sb/sth
doing
have
sb/sth
done
I
have
a
lot
of
homework
_________(do),
so
I
can’t
go
swimming
with
you.
“Do
you
have
any
clothes
____________(wash)?”
asked
the
maid.
让某人做某事/
遭遇某种不幸
to
do
to
be
washed
have
sth
to
do
have
sth
to
be
done
有某事要去做
有某事要被做/请人做
04
非谓语动词做补语
have
+
宾
+
宾补(
)
get
+
宾
+
宾补(
)
see/hear/listen
to…+宾+
(
)
leave/keep/find
+
宾
+
宾补(
)
with
+
宾
+
宾补(
)
do/doing/done
to
do/doing/done
doing/done
to
do/doing/done
do/doing/done
练一练
04
非谓语动词做补语
即时练习
Once
his
message
was
delivered,
he
allowed
me________
(stay)
and
watch.
I
need
a
new
passport
so
I
will
have
to
have
my
photograph_______
(take).
They
are
required
___________
(process)
the
food
that
we
eat.
I
heard
the
song
______(
sing)
by
Kate.
With
all
the
work_______(
do),
I
can
go
home.
He
had
me
______(plant)
a
tree
there.
to
stay
taken
to
process
sung
done
plant
04
非谓语动词做补语
即时练习
The
speaker
raised
his
voice
but
still
couldn’t
make
himself
_______(hear).
John
was
made
________(
tell
)
everything.
When
I
opened
the
door,
I
found
the
ground
__________(cover)
by
fallen
leaves.
_________(arrive)
at
the
station,
we
found
the
train______(go).
They
all
went
into
the
house,
________(leave)
me
_______(feel)
terrible
fool.
Listen!
Do
you
hear
someone
_______(call)
for
help?
heard
to
tell
covered
Arriving
gone
leaving
feeling
calling
04
非谓语动词做补语
即时练习
I
heard
her
______(
sing)
an
English
song
just
now.
2.
I
heard
her
_________
(sing)
an
English
song
when
I
passed
by
her
room
yesterday.
3.
She
was
often
heard_________(sing)
an
English
song.
4.
I
heard
the
English
song
______(
sing)
many
times.
5.
I
heard
the
English
song
____________(
sing)
when
I
passed
by
her
room
yesterday.
6.
The
English
song
was
heard
________many
times.
sing
singing
to
sing
sung
being
sung
sung
5.非谓语动词做定语：
功能
形式
主
语
宾
语
表
语
补
语
定
语
状语
时间
原因
条件
伴随/
方式
目的
结果
让步
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
V-ing
动名词
√
√
√
√
现在分词
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
过去分词
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
05
非谓语动词做定语
The
train
to
arrive
is
from
Australia.
Marie
Curie
was
the
first
person
to
receive
Nobel
Prizes.
The
best
way
to
keep
fit
is
to
develop
healthy
eating
habits.
Three
years
later,
he
had
a
chance
to
go
to
Australia.
不定式做后置定语：
(1)表示将来的动作
(2)修饰被first,
last,
second,
only
及形容词最高级等限定的中心词
(3)用于抽象名词decision,
wish,
chance,
promise,
plan,
time,
attempt,
effort,
right,
ability,
patience后
05
非谓语动词做定语
I
need
a
piece
of
paper
_____________(write).
I
am
going
to
attend
their
wedding
_________(hold)
next
month.
They
are
the
first
________
(send)
there
next
year.
不定式做后置定语：
如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词。
to
be
done将要被做
to
write
on
to
be
held
to
be
sent
单个动名词和分词做前置定语：
A
walking
stick
A
walking
man
A
sleeping
bag
A
sleeping
boy
Falling
leaves
Fallen
leaves
05
非谓语动词做定语
动名词作定语说明用途和功能
现在分词作定语表示动作主动进行
过去分词作定语表示动作被动或已完成
What’s
the
difference?
分词短语做后置定语：
The
man
talking
to
Tim
is
his
uncle.
Have
you
read
the
novel
written
by
Mo
Yan?
05
非谓语动词做定语
现在分词表示该动作的主动进行，与被修饰词是主动关系
过去分词表示该动作被动完成，与被修饰词是被动关系
What’s
the
difference?
CONCLUSION
主动进行
被动完成
动名词
功能,用途
分词
现在分词
过去分词
表将来动作、序数最高级、
the
last、the
only、抽象名词
不定式
非谓语
作定语
05
非谓语动词做定语
即时练习
Jim
has
retired,
but
he
still
remembers
the
happy
time
_________
(spend)
with
his
students.
I
was
watching
the
clock
all
through
the
meeting,
as
I
had
a
train_______
(catch).
The
national
park
has
a
large
collection
of
wildlife
__________
(range)
from
butterflies
to
elephants.
I
was
the
first
Western
TV
reporter
________________
(permit)
to
film
a
video
for
pandas.
The
girl
_________(write)
a
letter
there
can
speak
English
very
well.
The
_______(steal)
car
was
found
by
the
police
last
week.
spent
to
catch
ranging
to
be
permitted
writing
stolen
05
非谓语动词做定语
即时练习
Helen
is
always
the
first
_________
(come)
to
the
office.
Irene
declared
she
had
no
plans_________(retire)
from
her
business.
When
we
got
a
call
________(say)
she
won
the
prize,
we
thought
it
was
a
joke.
观察下列三个句式：
The
problem
_________
(discuss)
at
the
last
meeting
was
important.
The
matter
______________
(discuss)
now
is
important.
The
problem
______________
(discuss)
at
the
next
meeting
is
important.
being
discussed
to
be
discussed
discussed
(表将来)
(表正在进行)
(表完成)
to
come
to
retire
saying
6.非谓语动词做状语：
功能
形式
主
语
宾
语
表
语
补
语
定
语
状语
时间
原因
条件
伴随/
方式
目的
结果
让步
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
V-ing
动名词
√
√
√
√
现在分词
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
过去分词
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
状语：其逻辑主语一定是句子的主语。
特点：
1）分词作状语其逻辑主语为句子主语，通常
判断分词与句子的主语的关系，但除了
generally
speaking,
judging
from/by…;
considering之外。
2）可做时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随状语
等。结果、伴随状语常常后置。
3）相当于一个状语从句，内含有一个连词
4）
若分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则用
独立结构，即逻辑主语+分词，注意判断逻
辑主语与分词的关系。
06
非谓语动词做状语
e.g
⑴
Because
he
didn’t
reach
home
on
time,
he
was
scolded
by
his
mother.
=Not
reaching
home
on
time,
he
was
scolded.
⑵
If
the
flower
is
given
enough
water,
it
can
grow
better.
=Given
enough
water,
the
flower
can
grow
better.
分词作状语其逻辑主语为句子主语，与其是主动关系。
分词作状语其逻辑主语为句子主语，与其是被动关系。
注意！非谓语做状语时的主语要和主句的主语一致
06
非谓语动词做状语
试判断下列句子的正误：
（1）Found
him
angry,
I
began
to
tell
jokes.
(
)
Finding
him
angry,
I
began
to
tell
jokes.
(
)
（2）Looking
around,
there
was
no
one
nearby.
(
)
Looking
around,
I
found
there
was
no
one
nearby.
(
)
（3）Entering
the
room,
he
found
a
letter
on
the
table.(
)
Entering
the
room,
a
letter
was
found
on
the
table.(
)
误
正
正
误
正
误
非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须与句子的主语保持一致，若不一致则要在非谓语动词前加上自身的逻辑主语。试改正(3):
His
独立主格结构
（1）
名词/代词+现在分词（有时态和语态的变化）
eg:
Winter
coming,
it
gets
colder
and
colder.
All
the
students
having
sat
down,
the
lecture
began.
当非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，须在非谓语前加上其自身的逻辑主语，即“逻辑主语（名词/代词）+非谓语动词”，这种结构被称为独立主格结构，具体如下：
例题
When
they
got
there,
the
village
seemed
deserted,
the
only
sign
of
life
_______(be)
one
or
two
dogs
lying
under
the
tree.
being
独立主格结构
（2）
名词/代词+过去分词（前者与后者为被动关系，表示动作完成）
eg:
The
test
finished,
we
will
have
our
vacation.
考试结束了，我们的假期开始了。
例题
No
agreement
_______(reach),
the
representatives
wanted
another
round
of
talks
reached
（3）
名词/代词+不定式（不定式表示将来的动作，有语态的变化）
eg:
The
two
boys
said
goodbye
to
each
other,
one
to
go
home,
the
other
to
go
to
his
friends.
两个男孩彼此到了别，一个回家，另一个去朋友家。
独立主格结构除了前面的几种形式，还有以下形式：
①名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语
②with(without)
+
主语+非谓语动词/形容词/介词短语
eg:He
came
out
of
the
library,
(with)
a
large
book
under
his
arm.
With
no
one
to
wake
me
up,
I
might
be
late
for
the
first
class.
Many
people
were
lined
along
the
streets
with
flags
in
hands.
总结
独立结构的构成：逻辑主语(代词用主格)+分词
注意判断逻辑主语与分词的关系
逻辑主语(代词用主格)+
v.-ing
形式/
v.-ed形式/
to
do…/
adj./
adv./
介词短语(n.前不用冠词)
可转换成:
with+
n./pron.
+v.-ing/
v.-ed/
to
do/
adj./adv./介词短语
1.
Since
he
didn’t
come
on
time,
the
meeting
was
put
off.
独立结构:
He
not
coming
on
time,
the
meeting
was
put
off.
2.
Since
the
problem
was
settled,
we
had
a
good
rest.
独立结构:
The
problem
settled,
we
had
a
good
rest.
3.
Since
there
was
no
bus,
we
had
to
walk
home.
独立结构:
There
being
no
bus,
we
had
to
walk
home.
06
非谓语动词做状语
Judging
from
his
accent,
he
is
a
southerner.
Frankly
speaking,
your
suggestion
doesn’t
sound
good.
Taking
all
things
into
consideration,his
work
is
a
successful
one.
【注意】有些分词（短语）可用来表示说话人的态度，
看问题的角度，或者对所叙述的情况进行解释，他们便成
了句子的独立成分，其逻辑主语可以不是句子的主语。
经常这样用的分词（短语）还有：speaking/talking
of...,
taken...,given...,
considering...,
according
to...,
seeing...,
including...,
to
be
frank/honest,
to
be
sure,
to
tell
(you)
the
truth,
to
make
things
worse等。
不定式作状语：
1)
She
got
up
very
early
to
catch
up
the
first
bus.
2)
I’m
glad
to
receive
your
letter.
3)
I
rushed
to
the
airport,
only
to
find
that
John
had
gone.
06
非谓语动词做状语
目的
原因
结果(表达出乎意料)
只有不定式可以作目的状语：
06
非谓语动词做状语
so
as
to.../in
order
to.../to…
She
got
up
very
early
(so
as/in
order)
to
catch
up
the
first
bus.
_______________________(avoid)
falling
into
the
same
old
trap
again,
we
should
learn
from
past
mistakes.
Tom
did
all
he
could
_______(save)
his
little
brother.
注意：
so
as
to只能放在句中，不能放在句首。
To
avoid/
In
order
to
avoid
to
save
不定式作原因状语：
06
非谓语动词做状语
在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等形容词后用以说明产生这种情绪的原因。如：sorry,
surprised,
glad,
disappointed,
excited,
happy等。
I
am
so
sorry
to
hear
your
mother
is
ill.
I’m
glad
to
see
you
looking
so
well.
不定式作结果状语：
06
非谓语动词做状语
常用于only
to…,
enough…to,
too…to,
so/such…as
to等。
He
woke
up
to
find
everybody
gone.
She
is
too
tired
to
do
the
job.
George
returned
after
the
war,
only
to
be
told
that
his
wife
had
left
him.
(only
to常表示令人意外的结果)
分词作状语可以表示时间、结果、条件、原因、伴随、让步等：
06
非谓语动词做状语
Given
a
chance,
I
can
surprise
the
world.
Coming?into?the?room,?he?found?his?father?angry.?
He
sat
in
the
chair,
reading
a
newspaper.?
Written
in
a
hurry,
this
article
was
not
so
good!
Laughed
at
by
many
people,
he
continued
his
study.
The
glass
fell
to
the
ground,
breaking
into
pieces.
为什么有的用doing?有的用done?
关键看主语和非谓语动词的主被动关系
分词作状语可以表示时间、结果、条件、原因、伴随、让步等：
06
非谓语动词做状语
If
given
a
chance,
I
can
surprise
the
world.
When
coming?into?the?room,?he?found?his?father?angry.?
He
sat
in
the
chair,
reading
a
newspaper.?
Written
in
a
hurry,
this
article
was
not
so
good!
Though
laughed
at
by
many
people,
he
continued
his
study.
The
glass
fell
to
the
ground,
breaking
into
pieces.
关键看主语和非谓语动词的主被动关系
1).
When
_______(heat),
water
will
be
changed
into
steam.
While
_______
(heat)
water,
we
can
change
it
into
steam.
2)
___________
(compare)
with
unmarried
men,
husbands
were
nearly
half
as
likely
to
die
during
the
follow-up
period.
___________
(compare)
married
men
with
those
unmarried,
scientists
find
the
former
were
nearly
half
as
likely
to
die
during
the
follow-up
period.
3)
When
________(take)
correctly,
the
drug
has
no
side
effect.
If
________(take)
the
drug
correctly,
you
will
be
better
soon.
heated
heating
Compared
Comparing
taken
taking
06
非谓语动词做状语
4)
European
football
is
played
in
80
countries,
________(make)it
the
most
popular
sports
in
the
world.
Marry
hurried
back
only
______(find)
her
mother
dying
in
the
hospital.
5)
The
student
was
shocked
_______(read)
the
nurse’s
note.
_______(shock)
by
the
nurse’s
picture,
the
student
posted
it
on
the
internet.
6)
_________(相信)
that
the
report
was
true,
he
told
his
colleagues
about
it.
06
非谓语动词做状语
making
to
find
to
read
Shocked
分词表示自然而然的结果，不定式表示出乎意料的结果。
Convinced/Believing
1.
______(lose)
in
thought,
he
almost
ran
into
the
car
in
front
of
him.
2.
________(tire)
of
playing
football,
he
went
back
to
the
classroom.
3.
(face)
with
difficulty,
he
rushed
forward
bravely.
4.
(dress)
in
red,
she
looks
beautiful.
5.
_________(absorb)
in
painting,
John
didn’t
notice
evening
approaching
06
易错题之同类题拓展
Lost
Tired
Faced
Dressed
有些过去分词源于系表结构，分词已经形容词化，相当于形容词,这些词常作状语表状态:
be
tired
of
;
be
faced
with;
be
lost/absorbed/buried/interested/dressed
in;
be
satisfied
with;
be
excited
about;
be
seated;
be
determined
to
do
Absorbed
https://www./
非谓语动词的时态、语态
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
进行式
完成式
一般式
完成式
不定式
V-ing
过去分词
to
do
to
have
done
doing
to
be
done
having
done
done
时态、语态
形式
to
be
doing
/
being
done
to
have
been
done
having
been
done
非谓语动词的时态、语态
不定式
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
完成式
进行式
(not)
to
do
(not)
to
have
done
(not)
to
be
doing
to
be
done
to
have
been
done
/
(1)
不定式的时态、语态
非谓语动词的时态、语态
1.
不定式的一般形式通常与谓语动作同时(或几乎同时)发生，或是在它之后发生。
We
decided
to
leave
early.
This
table
needs
to
be
cleaned.
2.
不定式进行式表示动作正在进行
He
seems
to
be
saying
something
now.
3.
不定式完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。
I’m
sorry
to
have
kept
you
waiting.
The
novel
is
said
to
have
been
published.
非谓语动词的时态、语态
---Li
Ming
is
said
_________
abroad.
Do
you
know
which
country
---Yes,
In
London.
A.
to
have
studied
B.
to
study
C.
to
be
studying
D.
to
have
been
studying
he
studied
in
?
he
will
study
in?
he
is
studying
in?
A
B
C
He
pretended
____
(sleep)
when
his
mother
came
into
his
room.
He
pretended
_____
(fall)
asleep
when
his
mother
came
into
his
room.
to
be
sleeping;
to
have
fallen
非谓语动词的时态、语态
不定式主动表被动
None
of
us
is
to
blame
for
that.
This
question
is
difficult
to
answer.
This
machine
is
impossible
to
repair.
The
air
is
thin
to
breathe.
easy,
difficult,
hard,
simple,
dangerous,
convenient,
pleasant，interesting,
clear
非谓语动词的时态、语态
动词-ing
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
完成式
(not)
doing
(not)
having
done
being
done
having
been
done
(2)
动词-ing的时态、语态
非谓语动词的时态、语态
现在分词的完成形式表示动作发生在谓语所表示的动作之前:
Having
realized
his
mistake,
he
decided
to
work
hard.
Having
been
given
another
chance,
he
decided
to
work
hard.
1.
the
film
twice,
she
didn’t
want
to
go
with
us.
A.
Having
seen
B.
Seeing
2.
many
times,
she
still
didn’t
understand
it.
A.
Having
told
B.
Telling
C.
Having
been
told
3.
______many
times,
but
she
still
didn’t
understand
it.
A.
He
was
told
B.
Although
he
was
told
C.
Having
been
told
4.
______,
the
house
can’t
be
used
now.
A.
Repaired
B.
Having
been
repaired
C.
Being
repaired
5.
the
boy’s
hand
tightly,
he
came
out
of
the
room.
A.
Holding
B.
Having
held
C.
Held
A
A
C
C
A
非谓语动词的时态、语态
过去分词
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
done
done
(3)
过去分词的时态、语态
The
problem____
next
is
of
great
importance.
The
problem____
now
is
of
great
importance.
The
problem____
just
now
is
of
treat
importance.
discussed
B.
being
discussed
C.
to
be
discussed
A
______
B
__
C
___
非谓语动词的时态、语态
The
old
man,
________
abroad
for
twenty
years,
is
on
the
way
back
to
his
motherland.
A.
to
work????????????????????????????
B.
working
C.
to
have
worked?????????????????D.
having
worked???
D
https://www./
问题一：but
后面的不定式要不要省略to？
She
could
not
help
but
_________(leave)
her
children
at
home.
cannot
choose
but
/
cannot
help
but
/
cannot
but
do
We
had
no
choice
but
________
(arrive)
late.
have
no
choice/
alternative
but
to
do
Fat
Freddy
enjoys
nothing
but
______(eat).
I’ll
do
anything
but
_____
(work)
on
a
farm.
The
doctor
told
him
nothing
but
______
(stop)
smoking.
nothing
but/anything
but
看前面的动词搭配
to
leave
to
arrive
eating
work
to
stop
She
could
not
help
but
_________(leave)
her
children
at
home.
I
have
no
choice
but
_________
(accept)
the
fact.
He
could
not
choose
but
________(give)
her
the
money.
I
didn't
know
what
to
do
but
_______(stand)there.
Last
night
I
did
nothing
but
_________(prepare)
my
lessons.
It
had
no
effect
except
_________(make)
him
angry.
She
wanted
nothing
but
_______(leave)
the
place.
问题一：but
后面的不定式要不要省略to？
leave
to
accept
stand
prepare
to
make
give
to
leave
问题一：but
后面的不定式要不要省略to？
总结：动词作介词的宾语时，大多用动词-ing形式，不用
不定式。但在but,
except,
than等少数几个介词后则跟不定式做宾语。若这些介词前有实义动词do时，则不定式常
省略to。如：
He
had
no
choice
but
to
accept
the
fact.
他别无选择，只有接受这个事实。
He
was
not
able
to
do
anything
but/except
wait.
除了等，他什么也不能做。
问题二：动名词的复合结构
winning
of
the
competition
made
many
people
happy.
We
were
all
sorry
about
losing
her
parents
like
that.
Would
you
mind
moving
your
car?
not
having
seen
them
did
not
surprise
me.
John’s
her
my/me
His
为动名词添加逻辑主语
问题三：被动形式表示主动意义的一些词
1.
表示主语的某种情绪的过去分词：satisfied,
surprised,
interested,
moved,
worried,
pleased,
disappointed等。
She
was
disappointed
at
the
result.
____________
at
the
result,
she
stood
there
without
saying
a
word.
Disappointed
问题三：被动形式表示主动意义的一些词
2.常以oneself为宾语的动词：be
buried
in,
be
concerned
with/about,
be
convinced
of,
be
dressed
in,
be
equipped
with,
be
located
in/at，be
lost
in,
be
occupied
in/with,
be
seated,
be
faced
with
John
was
seated
in
a
chair.=
John
seated
himself
in
a
chair
He
was
devoted
to
his
research.=
He
devoted
himself
to
his
research.
问题三：被动形式表示主动意义的一些词
1.
I
saw
her
____
(seat)
at
the
back
of
the
room.
2.
I
saw
her
____
(seat)
an
old
man
into
the
chair
when
I
passed
by.
3.
______
(seat)
in
the
chair,
the
old
man
smiled.
4.
When
everybody
_____
(seat),
the
chairman
started
the
meeting.
5.
______(seat)
the
audience,
the
chairman
started
the
meeting.
(seated;
seating;
seated;
was
seated;
Having
seated)
1.
This
dish
made
by
vegetables
__________
(taste)
good.
2.
This
kind
of
material
is
easy
________(find)
句型？
主语+be+adj.
+to
do
常见主动形式被动意义的结构：
1.sell
well,
wash
easily
2.look,
sound,
seem,
prove,
measure,
weigh
3.be+adj.+to
do,
动+宾+adj.+to
do,
be
worth
doing,
be
to
blame
考点9:
非谓语主动形式表被动意义的用法
tastes
to
find
问题四：独立主格结构
主语+非谓语动词/名词/形容词/介词短语
1、No
one
to
wake
me
up,
I
might
be
late
for
the
first
class.
2、All
the
students
having
sat
down,
the
lecture
began.
3、The
test
finished,
we
will
have
our
vacation.
4、Many
people
come
to
visit
the
city,
most
of
them
foreigners.
5、Many
people
were
lined
along
the
streets,
flags
in
hands.
6、The
game
over,
the
audience
applauded.
问题四：独立主格结构
=with
+
主语+非谓语动词/形容词/介词短语
1、With
no
one
to
wake
me
up,
I
might
be
late
for
the
first
class.
2、With
all
the
students
having
sat
down,
the
lecture
began.
3、With
the
test
finished,
we
will
have
our
vacation.
4、Many
people
were
lined
along
the
streets
with
flags
in
hands.
将下列句子改成独立主格结构：
If
weather
permits
,
we’ll
go
for
a
spring
outing.
He
stood
there
,
and
his
right
hand
was
raised
.
As
the
teacher
was
ill,
the
lecture
was
put
off.
There
are
so
much
time
left,
so
we
needn’t
worry.
Weather
permitting
his
right
hand
raised
being
being
https://www./
总
结
四句话
1、一个句子中用到多个动词时，保留一个作谓语，其他统统变成非谓语。
2、主动用ing，被动用done，要做去做用to
do。
3、如果非谓语是主语干的，前面什么都不用加；如果非谓语不是主语干的，谁干的，把谁加上。
4、如果非谓语结构中含有have，则表示非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前。
解题步骤
Step1：分析结构，判断谓语与非谓语
Step2:
先翻译一遍，看主被动；
Step2：看有没有必要强调时间先后。

展开更多......

收起↑