资源简介

Unit
1
SCIENCE
AND
SCIENTISTS
Reading
and
Thinking:
John
Snow
Defeats
“King
Cholera”
文本简析
　　本单元中心话题是科学和科学家。阅读文本介绍了英国流行病学专家约翰·斯诺（John
Snow）如何击败传染病“霍乱王”，让学生了解科学研究过程的严密性和科学家善于观察、勇于探索的科学精神。
　　本文是叙事性文本，以John
Snow
Defeats
“King
Cholera”为题，着重呈现了约翰·斯诺战胜霍乱的过程。首段记述了当时霍乱的严重程度，伦敦著名医生约翰·斯诺立志打败霍乱；第二段介绍了约翰·斯诺关于霍乱起因的假设以及他开展调查的准备工作；第三段介绍了约翰·斯诺深入一线进行调查并通过干预遏制住了霍乱蔓延的相关工作；第四段揭示了引发霍乱的真正原因；第五段总结了约翰·斯诺的努力对于战胜霍乱以及当代免疫学的重要影响和意义。
　　在进行本课的教学设计时，一方面要理清约翰·斯诺战胜霍乱的过程，了解科学研究的严谨步骤和创新方法，另一方面要挖掘约翰·斯诺的个人品质，领会科学精神并赞赏科学家为人类做出的贡献。围绕以上两大块内容，教学设计中还要着重梳理和学习文本中与主题相关的语言，如生动地描述疾病的语言、描述抗击疾病的语言和丰富的衔接词汇。最后，本课还注重通过学习让学生用所学语言描述自己在的新冠肺炎疫情中的经历，并对流行病学、地球村和人类命运共同体有所感悟。
　　教学设计（共2课时）
　　第1课时
　　一、教学内容
　　理解全文，认识约翰·斯诺和霍乱，了解科学研究过程。
　　二、课时目标
　　1.围绕疾病话题，结合生活体验学习对疾病提出相关问题。
　　2.运用讨论、略读、细读等策略梳理约翰·斯诺的科学研究过程。
　　3.通过预测、归纳、推断等策略了解约翰·斯诺的名望和贡献。
　　4.通过对本文的学习熟悉和掌握与疾病斗争和科学研究过程相关的语言。
　　三、教学过程
　　Activity
1:
Talking
about
COVID-19
　　本活动旨在落实课时目标1。
　　1.T:
As
we
all
know,
today,
China
is
working
hard
to
fight
against
the
highly
infectious
COVID-19.
This
is
a
medical
problem
that
is
challenging
the
whole
world.
Then,
what
questions
do
you
think
people
mostly
want
to
ask
about
this
disease?
　　2.Students
come
up
with
questions
concerning
COVID-19.
　　3.Students
may
refer
to
the
words
shown
on
PPT
to
describe
COVID-19.
　　(infectious,
deadly,
cure,
mortality,
virus,
coronavirus,
quarantine,
statistics,
germ,
mask,
suspected
cases,
confirmed
cases…)
　　【设计意图】此活动是导入环节。在此环节中，围绕疾病话题，首先激活学生背景知识；其次，介绍新冠肺炎部分词汇；再者，引导学生结合生活体验，学习提出问题、表达困惑，思考应用科学战胜新冠肺炎的可能性，同时为教师引出科学研究的步骤埋下伏笔。
　　Activity
2:
Putting
scientific
stages
in
order
　　本活动旨在落实课时目标2。
　　1.T:
Hopefully,
COVID-19
can
be
defeated
by
people
with
the
help
of
science.
Actually,
your
questions
bring
me
to
“scientific
research”.
When
conducting
scientific
research,
we
have
to
follow
correct
stages.
Can
you
put
the
following
stages
in
order?
　　2.Students
discuss
in
groups
the
correct
stages
of
doing
a
scientific
research
and
put
them
in
order.
　　(1)
analyse
the
results
(2)
ask
a
question
(3)
draw
a
conclusion
(4)
collect
data
　　(5)
find
a
problem
(6)
find
supporting
evidence
(7)
think
of
a
method
　　(5)-(2)-(7)-(4)-(1)-(6)-(3)
　　【设计意图】活动旨在引导学生理清科学实验的正确步骤。以小组为单位，帮助学生就不太明确的环节通过讨论初步达成一致意见，从而为学习阅读文本做好铺垫，并在阅读理解中加深对科学实验步骤的理解。
　　Activity3:
Getting
to
know
John
Snow
and
“King
Cholera”
　　本活动旨在落实课时目标3。
　　1.Get
down
to
the
text.
　　T:
Today,
we
will
learn
about
a
person
who
did
his
research
following
the
scientific
stages.
　　2.Students
read
the
title
and
make
predictions
about
the
following
questions:
　　Q1:
Who
is
John
Snow?
　　Q2:
Why
is
it
called
“King
Cholera”
instead
of
“cholera”?
　　Q3:
What
do
you
think
the
passage
is
mainly
about?
　　3.Students
read
through
the
whole
passage
to
check
whether
their
predictions
are
right.
　　4.Students
read
the
first
paragraph.
After
reading,
use
1-2
adjectives
to
describe
John
Snow
and
King
Cholera
and
explain
their
reasons.
　　(John
Snow:
a
famous
British
physician
/
doctor;
King
Cholera:
a
severe/
deadly
disease.
　　“Famous,
successful”:
rise
to,
attend
to…;
“Severe,
deadly”:
diarrhea,
dehydration,
death,
die
from
…
)
　　【设计意图】活动旨在让学生围绕标题进行分析和预测，然后通过阅读检验自己的想法，学生还要通过阅读从文本中获取和推断约翰·斯诺的相关信息和当时的名望，了解霍乱的严重性，说明缘由，熟悉生词。教师以第一段为起点，引出科学实验的第一步：发现问题。
　　Activity
4:
Figuring
out
what
John
Snow
did
in
his
research
　　本活动旨在落实课时目标2。
　　Students
read
the
whole
passage
and
fill
in
the
chart
indicating
what
John
Snow
did
in
his
research
into
the
cholera.
?　　【设计意图】活动旨在让学生梳理出约翰·斯诺如何按照科学步骤进行研究，最后发现霍乱的罪魁祸首，为后面的写作任务搭建好内容和机构框架。阅读中，教师安排持续默读时间让学生安静地思考，如有必要，学生可与同伴进行讨论从而得出正确答案。在校对答案的过程中，教师可以通过追问来帮助学生进一步明确科学实验的步骤，并对约翰·斯诺的不懈努力加深理解。
　　Activity
5:
Focusing
on
new
words
in
some
of
the
scientific
stages
　　本活动旨在落实课时目标4。
　　Based
on
the
chart,
students
figure
out
the
meaning
of
some
new
words
and
phrases
in
the
context.
　　(1)
He
wanted
to
destroy
cholera
once
and
for
all.
　　(2)
Snow
subscribed
to
the
second
theory.
　　(3)
He
investigated
the
places
where
the
cholera
outbreak
was
severe.
　　(4)
He
found
that
multiple
deaths
were
near
the
water
pump.
　　(5)
Snow
suspected
that
the
water
pump
was
to
blame.
　　(6)
He
had
the
handle
of
the
pump
removed.
　　(7)
Through
his
intervention,
the
disease
was
stopped
in
its
track.
　　(8)
The
truth
was
that
the
water
from
the
Broad
Street
pump
had
been
infected
by
waste.
　　【设计意图】在梳理约翰·斯诺实验过程的同时，教师引导学生在语境中思考下划线词语的意思并用英文进行转述，逐步熟悉和掌握与主题相关的词汇，为后面等写作任务搭建语言支架。
　　Activity
6:
Exploring
the
significance
of
John
Snow’s
work
　　本活动旨在落实课时目标3。
　　Students
read
the
last
paragraph
and
answer
the
following
questions:
　　Q1:
What
were
the
results
of
John
Snow’s
tireless
efforts?
　　Q2:
Why
was
John
Snow
considered
the
father
of
modern
epidemiology?
　　【设计意图】活动旨在让学生进一步理解约翰·斯诺研究取得的重要贡献：自来水公司从此售卖净水、减少了霍乱威胁、公众了解了如何预防霍乱。同时，约翰·斯诺的绘制地图、应用数据的方法也成为科学研究创新方法，因而他被称为现代流行病学之父。
　　Assignment:
Writing
a
summary
of
how
John
Snow
defeated
king
cholera
　　本任务旨在落实课时目标4。
　　1.
Students
retell
how
John
Snow
defeated
king
cholera
by
writing
a
summary
of
the
text
in
about
100
words.
　　2.
Students
are
supposed
to
follow
the
scientific
stages
and
use
the
words
and
phrases
leant
in
the
text.
　　【设计意图】作业任务旨在让学生通过对本文进行缩写，应用所学语言复习实验步骤和文本内容，并对约翰·斯诺进行评述。该作业也将成为第二课时的导入。
　　(Suggested
version:
In
1854,
a
severe
outbreak
of
cholera
hit
London
and
many
people
suffered
a
lot.
John
Snow,
a
famous
physician
back
then,
was
determined
to
destroy
it
once
and
for
all.
He
subscribed
to
the
theory
that
cholera
was
caused
by
an
infection
from
germ
in
food
or
water,
but
he
needed
proof.
Then
he
investigated
the
places
where
there
were
multiple
deaths.
As
a
result
of
enough
evidence,
he
was
able
to
announce
that
the
pump
water
carried
cholera
germs.
Accordingly,
he
had
the
handle
removed.
Fortunately,
through
his
intervention,
the
disease
was
defeated
in
its
tracks.
John
Snow’s
tireless
work
and
innovative
researching
method
made
him
the
father
of
modern
epidemiology.)
　　第2课时
　　一、教学内容
　　挖掘文本内涵，提炼科学研究特点和科学精神要义；应用语言，完成写作任务。
　　二、课时目标
　　1.通过欣赏和评论课文缩写，进一步应用语言、熟悉科学研究步骤；
　　2.通过讨论归纳出科学研究的特点，发展逻辑思维；
　　3.通过讨论约翰·斯诺战胜霍乱的原因，提炼科学精神要义，提升思维品质；
　　4.通过写抗击新冠肺炎的文章，实现知识和语言的应用和迁移，提高对疾病和科学的思想认识。
　　三、教学过程
　　Activity
1:
Appreciating
the
summary
　　本活动旨在落实课时目标1。
　　1.Students
share
some
of
the
summaries
and
comment
on
each
other’s
summary.
　　2.Students’
comments
are
supposed
to
focus
on
the
proper
experimental
stages
and
the
use
of
new
words
and
phrases.
　　3.Students
appreciate
a
suggested
version
of
summary
shown
on
PPT.
　　【设计意图】活动旨在展示和评估上一节课的课后作业，梳理科学研究过程并应用所学语言，学生通过评论加深对所学内容和语言的认识。
　　Activity
2:
Concluding
the
characteristics
of
scientific
research
　　本活动旨在落实课时目标2。
　　1.Students
have
a
brief
discussion
in
groups
and
conclude
the
characteristics
of
scientific
research.
　　2.Students
are
supposed
to
find
supporting
evidence
in
the
text
to
justify
their
conclusions.
　　(Possible
answers:
①
It
always
starts
with
a
problem
or
question.
In
the
text,
John
Snow
discovered
that
cholera
was
severe
and
caused
many
deaths,
so
he
wanted
to
find
out
what
caused
cholera.
②
Conclusions
can
only
be
made
after
collecting
enough
data
and
evidence
…
③
As
scientific
research,
it
should
be
objective,
convincing
and
repeatable
…
④…)
　　【设计意图】活动旨在让学生在了解科学实验过程的基础上，综合考虑科学实验的特点，结合实验的基本步骤以及约翰·斯诺所做的努力，梳理出科学实验基本特点，如科学实验始于问题且指向问题的解决，实验具有客观性、可重复性等，通过从文章中寻找支撑理由发展学生的逻辑思维能力。
　　Activity
3:
Analyzing
what
lead
to
John
Snow’s
success
in
defeating
King
cholera
　　本活动旨在落实课时目标3。
　　1.Making
connections
between
a
claim
and
its
evidence.
　　T:
I
believe
that
one
of
the
reasons
why
John
Snow
succeeded
in
defeating
king
cholera
is
that
he
followed
the
stages
of
scientific
research.
Besides
this,
however,
what
else
do
you
think
lead
to
his
success?
Why
do
you
think
so?
Find
evidence
in
the
text
to
support
your
idea.
　　2.Students
are
supposed
to
refer
to
the
text
and
make
their
opinions
convincing.
　　(Possible
answers:
①He
was
socially
responsible.
—
He
rose
to
become
a
famous
doctor
and
even
attended…
but
he
never
lost
his
desire
to…
②He
did
research
on
the
basis
of
existing
theories,
and
made
correct
judgment….
③He
was
brave.…
④He
made
a
map
and
used
the
proper
tool
to
analyze
the
data….
⑤He
was
careful
and
cautious
enough
to
make
the
final
conclusion.
…
)
　　【设计意图】活动一是帮助学生理解只有遵循科学研究的规律才能取得成功，二是帮助学生理解约翰·斯诺打败霍乱的原因，其中包括如约翰·斯诺具有较强的专业性和责任心、准确的判断力，创新的实验方法等，提炼出科学精神的要义；通过回归课文寻找支撑证据旨在帮助学生提升思维品质。
　　Activity
4:
Writing
a
short
passage
about
people’s
battle
against
COVID-19
　　本活动旨在落实课时目标4。
　　1.T:
Because
of
John
Snow,
King
Cholera
was
eventually
defeated.
Now,
people
all
around
the
world
are
making
every
effort
to
conquer
COVID-19,
which
is
as
severe
as
King
Cholera.
It
is
a
relief
that
now
the
virus
has
been
contained
in
China.
Can
you
write
a
passage
about
this
severe
disease
and
Chinese
people’s
tireless
efforts
and
share
the
experience
with
the
rest
of
the
world?
　　2.Students
write
a
passage
with
the
words
and
expressions
learnt
in
the
text
(and
the
words
provided
by
the
teacher
if
necessary).
　　Para.1:
Give
some
information
about
COVID-19
and
people’s
feeling
when
it
first
broke
out.
　　Para.2:
Talk
about
the
efforts
made
by
Chinese
experts
and
ordinary
citizens.
　　3.T:
In
fact,
we
can
learn
a
lot
from
the
text
as
well
as
the
history.
The
battle
between
human
beings
and
germs
will
never
end.
Only
if
all
the
human
beings
cooperate
with
each
other,
and
both
scientists
and
ordinary
citizens
follow
the
scientific
way,
can
we
finally
win
the
battle.
　　【设计意图】活动旨在帮助学生应用所学知识和语言描述自己在新冠肺炎疫情中的经历和体验，感受疾病的严重性，相信人民战胜疾病的力量，并对流行病学、地球村和人类命运共同体有所感悟。
　　Assignment
　　本任务旨在落实课时目标4。
　　1.
Polish
the
passage
and
appreciate
each
other’s
passages.
　　2.
Search
the
Internet
to
read
some
English
passages
or
watch
videos
about
COVID-19.
　　【设计意图】任务旨在帮助学生在进行写作和修正作文的过程中，营造真实情境，联系实际，结合所学语言表达经历和体验，实现“学以致用”。要求学生上网搜索更多关于新冠肺炎疾病相关文章和视频，旨在通过寻找课程资源，拓宽学生学习的渠道，解决课堂之外可能存在的问题。

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