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2022届高考英语二轮复习分类阅读写作训练之人与自然
天气与气候
一、七选五
（2021·重庆市永川北山中学校高二期中）
How
is
climate
related
to
weather
1．.
Climate
helps
you
understand
the
weather
in
your
own
part
of
the
world.
2．:
it’s
what
happens
outside.
The
air,
or
atmosphere,
around
us
behaves
in
different
ways.
It
changes
when
it’s
hot
or
cold,
and
when
it’s
wet
or
dry.
It
acts
differently
when
it’s
calm
or
stormy,
and
clear
or
cloudy.
3．.
Snowfall
is
weather.
Thunder
and
lightning
are
weather,
too.
Sometimes
the
atmosphere
behaves
violently,
and
sometimes
it’s
peaceful
and
quiet.
Either
way,
it’s
weather.
Climate
is
the
average
weather
in
a
location
over
a
long
period
of
time.
4．.
A
place
where
it
stays
cold
for
most
of
the
year
would
have
a
cold
climate.
5．.
It
also
helps
determine
when
the
best
time
would
be
for
farmers
to
plant
their
crops.
It
could
even
be
helpful
for
you
and
your
family
to
schedule
a
vacation.
In
other
words,
look
out
of
your
window
any
day,
any
time
and
you
see
weather.
Look
out
of
your
window
every
day
for
a
month
or
longer,
observe
the
weather
each
day,
and
you
can
determine
the
climate.
A．This
is
the
cause
of
a
bad
weather.
B．Here’s
a
simple
explanation
of
weather.
C．Climate
is
useful
for
weather
forecasting.
D．Weather
influences
people’s
comfort
in
many
ways.
E.The
atmosphere
reacts
to
everything
from
rain
to
sunshine.
F.A
place
that
doesn’t
get
much
rain
over
many
years
would
have
a
dry
climate.
G.Well,
weather
is
a
bunch
of
unusual
events
that
happen
in
the
atmosphere
all
over
the
world.
二、阅读理解
A
（2021·河南信阳市·信阳高中）
A
Russian
natural
gas
tanker
has
completed
an
experimental
round
trip
along
the
Northern
Sea
Route
(NSR)—
the
first
time
the
path
across
the
Arctic
has
been
made
at
this
time
of
year.
It
returned
to
the
Russian
gas
station
at
Sabetta
on
February
19.
The
voyage
by
the
Christophe
de
Margerie
tanker
through
the
ice
is
the
latest
visual
indicator
of
climate
change
in
the
cold
region.
The
tanker
set
out
from
a
Chinese
port
on
January
27
after
delivering
its
cargo.
It
entered
the
Northern
Sea
Route,
which
traverses(横越)
Russia's
north
coast.
A
few
days
later
near
Cape
Dezhnev,
it
was
met
by
the
Russian
nuclear
icebreaker
50
Let
Pobedy
(50
Years
of
Victory).
Together
they
completed
the
2,
500-nautical-mile
voyage
through
the
ice
in
l
I
days
and
10
hours.
The
ship
managed-to
complete
the
first
leg
of
the
trip
from
Russia
to
China
without
an
icebreaker.
Both
of
the
journeys
broke
records
for
winter
navigation(航行)
due
to
the
changing
climate
in
the
Arctic
allowing
passage
through
thinner
ice.
Using
the
Northern
Sea
Route
lets
shippers
in
Russia
and
other
countries
avoid
a
much
longer
southern
journey
around
Europe,
the
Middle
East
and
all
of
southern
Asia,
saving
millions
of
dollars.
The
ships
encountered
no
multi-year
buildup
of
old
ice
on
the
route,
and
the
deepest
ice
was
about
5
feet
thick.
However,
meteorologist
and
journalist
Eric
Holthaus
called
that
a
clear
indicator
of
"a
climate
emergency".
Last
May,
Christophe
de
Margerie
became
the
first
large-capacity
cargo
ship
to
complete
an
eastbound
transit
of
the
Northern
Sea
Route,
two
months
earlier
in
the
year
than
the
journey
traditionally
made.
"As
a
result
of
the
early
Northern
Sea
Route
voyage
completed
by
Christophe
de
Margerie
in
May
2020,
as
well
as
the
current
NSR
voyage,
the
navigation
in
the
Eastern
part
of
the
Arctic
was
practically
doubled,"
Eric
Holthaus
said.
He
noted
that
for
decades
the
transit
route
along
that
part
of
the
NSR
had
typically
remained
closed
by
ice
from
November
until
July.
6．Which
factor
contributed
most
to
Christophe
de
Margerie's
successful
trip
A．The
ideal
equipment.
B．The
ocean
current.
C．The
nuclear
power.
D．The
climate
change.
7．What’s
Eric
Holthaus'
attitude
to
the
gas
tanker’s
trip
across
the
Arctic
A．Skeptical.
B．Concerned.
C．Critical.
D．Tolerant.
8．What
does
the
underlined
word
"encountered"
in
paragraph
4
mean
A．Picked
up.
B．Prepared
for.
C．Came
across.
D．Depended
on.
9．How
long
can
the
NSR
route
be
used
by
cargo
ships
now
A．2
months.
B．3
months.
C．4
months.
D．6
months.
B
（2019·全国）
Apart
from
a
simple“hot”,
what
other
ways
are
there
to
describe
the
summer
heat
There
are
many
interesting
expressions
that
relate
to
unbearably
hot
weather
and
offer
a
glimpse
into
foreign
culture.
Dog
days
of
summer
In
books
and
newspaper
articles,
the
period
from
early
July
to
mid－August
is
often
referred
to
as
the
“dog
days
of
summer”.
Some
think
the
expression
means
the
weather
is
so
hot
that
dogs
go
wild.
But
in
fact,
the
expression
comes
from
16th
century
astrology
and
refers
to
the
days
on
which
Sirius－the
Dog
Star,
the
brightest
star
in
the
summer
sky
and
part
of
the
Great
Dog
constellation－rises
at
the
same
time
as
the
sun.
Hotter
than
a
two－dollar
pistol
The
reason
for
the
expression
is
that
no
pistol
could
cost
2
dollars
unless
it
had
been
stolen.
In
English
slang,
stolen
goods
are
often
said
to
be
“hot”
and
anyone
in
possession
of
hot
goods
is
likely
to
get
their
fingers
burned,
in
other
words,
to
be
arrested.
So
hot
you
can
fry
an
egg
on
the
sidewalk
Thousands
of
curious
tourists
feel
like
testing
if
the
saying
is
true,
with
the
result
that
sidewalks
in
Death
Valley,
California,
the
hottest
place
in
the
U.
S.
,
are
now
littered
with
broken
eggshells.
As
long
as
you
use
a
frying
pan
with
a
lid
and
the
temperature
is
at
least
49℃
,
it
is
actually
possible
to
fry
an
egg
on
the
sidewalk.
Hinges
of
Hades
For
those
who
believe
it
exists,
hell
is
undoubtedly
the
hottest
place
on
earth,
so
unsurprisingly
there
are
several
expressions
that
refer
to
hell
or
Hades,
or
even
the
devil
himself.
“Hotter
than
the
hinges
or
gates
of
Hades”
is
the
oldest
version
,
but
more
amusing
variations
have
become
popular,
such
as
“hotter
than
the
devil's
underwear”.
10．Which
expression
relates
to
the
study
of
stars
A．Dog
days
of
summer.
B．Hotter
than
a
two－dollar
pistol.
C．So
hot
you
can
fry
an
egg
on
the
sidewalk.
D．Hinges
of
Hades.
11．What's
the
meaning
of
“hot”
in
the
expression
“Hotter
than
a
two－dollar
pistol”
in
English
slang
A．Popular.
B．Difficult.
C．Illegal.
D．Angry.
12．At
which
temperature
can
we
fry
an
egg
on
the
sidewalk
A．55℃.
B．40℃.
C．39℃.
D．29℃.
C
（2021·福建省龙岩第一中学高一开学考试）
For
300
years,
the
Slims
River
had
been
flowing
through
Canada’s
Yukon
region.
But
last
year,
in
only
four
days,
the
water
in
the
big
river
reduced
sharply,
which
made
the
river
almost
disappear.
What
happened
After
a
year
of
careful
studies,
a
group
of
scientists
recently
said
that
the
sudden
change
of
the
river
was
caused
by
climate
change.
The
Slims
River
used
to
be
a
big
river,
reaching
up
to
150
metres
at
its
widest
points.
It
carried
melt
water
from
the
huge
Kaskawulsh
glacier(冰川)
into
the
Kluane
River,
then
into
the
Yukon
River
toward
the
Bering
Sea.
But
in
spring
2016,
there
was
a
sharp
melting
of
the
Kaskawulsh
glacier
because
of
climate
change.
It
made
the
melt
water
run
in
a
different
direction,
and
into
a
second
river,
the
Alsek
River,
then
into
the
Gulf
of
Alaska.
It
is
thousands
of
kilometers
away.
In
geography,
this
is
called
“river
piracy”.
Although
it
was
not
unusual
in
ancient
times,
this
is
the
first
time
it
has
happened
under
scientists’
noses
in
modern
times.
The
Slims
River
is
almost
dry
now,
which
also
takes
away
the
clean
air
in
the
region
because
strong
wind
blows
up
all
the
dust
in
the
river
bed.
Fish
have
already
swum
to
other
rivers.
And
sheep
from
Kluane
National
Park
are
now
coming
down
to
eat
the
fresh
plants.
Lonnie
Thompson,
a
scientist
from
Ohio
State
University,
the
US,
said
that
we
could
hardly
feel
the
effects
of
climate
change
in
our
daily
life,
but
the
case
of
the
Slims
River
shows
what
will
happen
when
gradual
temperature
increases.
13．Why
did
the
Slims
River
almost
disappear
A．Because
the
air
pollution
brought
more
rain
to
Yukon
region.
B．Because
the
climate
suddenly
became
hotter
than
before.
C．Because
the
human
activities
destroyed
the
banks
of
the
river.
D．Because
the
Kaskawulsh
glacier
did
not
exist
any
longer.
14．Which
of
the
following
statements
is
true
according
to
the
passage
A．The
Slims
River
has
now
become
part
of
Kluane
National
Park.
B．The
air
in
the
region
of
the
Sli
ms
Ri
ver
is
still
clean.
C．Climate
change
has
no
effect
on
our
daily
life.
D．Global
warming
can
bring
sudden
changes
to
the
environment.
15．In
which
direction
did
the
water
run
in
2016
①
the
Kaskawulsh
glacier
②
the
Gulf
of
Alaska
③
the
Yukon
River
④
the
Alsek
River
⑤
the
Bering
Sea
⑥
the
Kluane
River
A．①→④→②
B．①→③→⑤
C．③→⑥→⑤
D．⑥→③→②
16．What
may
the
underlined
part
“river
piracy”
in
Paragraph
4
mean
A．A
river
suddenly
disappears
without
any
reason.
B．Two
rivers
join
together
to
make
a
bigger
one.
C．The
flow
of
a
river
is
suddenly
taken
away
into
another.
D．The
water
in
a
river
reduces
sharply.
三、语法填空
（2021·四川省绵阳江油中学高一期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A
sandstorm
from
Mongolia
swept
through
northern
areas
of
China
on
Monday
and17．(lead)
to
the
suspension
of
classes
at
schools
and
flight
cancellations.
The
sandstorm
was
the
strongest
in
nearly
a
decade,
18．(affect)
12
provincial-level
regions
in
northern
China,
according
to
the
National
Meteorological
Center.
“At
least
nine
people
19．（kill）in
a
heavy
dust
in
Mongolia
over
the
weekend”,
the
country's
National
Emergency
Management
Agency
said.
The
airport
in
Manzhouli
was
also
20．(serious)
affected
and
closed
21．safety
reasons
at
noon
on
Monday,
according
to
the
city's
authorities.
As
of
4:40
pm,
Beijing
Capital
International
Airport
canceled
46
flights
22．
Beijing
Daxing
International
Airport
canceled
eight
flights
due
to
the
sandstorm,
according
to
the
airports.
Beijing
Meteorological
Service
weather
forecasters,
some
23．(
influence)
persons
in
this
field,
had
an
24．(argue)
over
the
sandstorm
.The
capital's
educational
authority
has
advised
all
schools
and
educational
institutions25．(stop)
outdoor
activities.
"Temperatures
in
Mongolia
and
northwestern
China
remained
5
to
8
C
higher
than
the
same
period
of
normal
years.
Little
rain
in
the
region
caused
the
dry
conditions,
26．
contributed
to
the
sandy
and
dusty
weather",
Zhang
said.
四、提纲类作文
（2020·福建莆田市·莆田一中高二期末）假定你是学校学生会的一位干部，以学生会的名义就全球气候变暖问题给全校学生写一封英文倡议信并刊登在你校英文报上，内容包括:
1.全球气候变暖及其负面影响；
2.提出应对建议。
注意:
1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear
students,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Students”
Union
参考答案
一、七选五
GBEFC
【大意】这是一篇说明文。旨在理清气候和天气之间的关系。
1．前文“How
is
climate
related
to
weather ”提出问题：气候如何影响天气？可推测后文要对此做出回答。后文“Climate
helps
you
understand
the
weather
in
your
own
part
of
the
world.”指出气候能帮助读者了解你所处的提防的天气，回答了这个问题。故可推断空格处应该是对天气或者气候作进一步的解释。选项G“Well,
weather
is
a
bunch
of
unusual
events
that
happen
in
the
atmosphere
all
over
the
world.”解释天气是什么：天气是在全球大气层发生的一系列罕见事件。符合语境。故选G。
2．后文“:
it’s
what
happens
outside.
The
air,
or
atmosphere,
around
us
behaves
in
different
ways.”冒号后解释说明指出它是外面发生的，即我们身边的大气、空气表现的不同形式。故可推测这还是在对天气做解释。选项B“Here’s
a
simple
explanation
of
weather”“以下是对天气的一个简单的解释。”符合语境。故选B。
3．前文“It
acts
differently
when
it’s
calm
or
stormy,
and
clear
or
cloudy.”可知无风和暴风，天晴或者多云，天气变化不一。可知这一段将天气从两个对立面展开对比。选项E“The
atmosphere
reacts
to
everything
from
rain
to
sunshine.”进一步指出天气会对从下雨到天晴的一切情况做出反应。也是从两个对立面进行对比，符合语境。故选E。
4．前文“Climate
is
the
average
weather
in
a
location
over
a
long
period
of
time.”指出气候是指一个地方长期的天气常态。选项F“A
place
that
doesn’t
get
much
rain
over
many
years
would
have
a
dry
climate.”指出如果一个地方很多年都没有下什么雨，那就是气候干旱。这可做为前文的一个举例，符合语境。故选F。
5．后文“It
also
helps
determine
when
the
best
time
would
be
for
farmers
to
plant
their
crops.”指出“它”能帮助农民决定最好的播种时间。故可推断出这是在讲气候对天气的预测功能，能让农民知道何时适合播种，因为农民需要根据天气情况判断是否可以播种。选项C“Climate
is
useful
for
weather
forecasting.”指出气候对天气预报有帮助，符合语境。故选C。
二、阅读理解
A篇：DBCD
【大意】本文是新闻报道。文章报道了俄罗斯油轮运输船Christophe
de
Margerie号近日首次在2月穿过北冰洋的海冰，彰显出北海航线潜在的巨大商业价值，但也为北极地区的加速变暖和持续恶化的生态危机带来新的证据。
6．推理判断题。根据第一段"The
voyage
by
the
Christophe
de
Margerie
tanker
through
the
ice
is
the
latest
visual
indicator
of
climate
change
in
the
cold
region.(Christophe
de
Margerie号油轮穿越冰层的航行是寒冷地区气候变化的最新视觉指标)"和第三段"Both
of
the
journeys
broke
records
for
winter
navigation(航行)due
to
the
changing
climate
in
the
Arctic(由于北极地区的气候变化，两次航行都打破了冬季航行记录)"可推知，Christophe
de
Margerie号在这个季节成功地跨越北海航线主要归于气候变化导致北极圈内的多年冰层融化。故选D项。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“However,
meteorologist
and
journalist
Erice
Holthaus
called
that
a
clear
indicator
of
'a
climate
emergency'.(然而，气象学家兼记者Eerice
Holthaus称这是‘气候紧急情况’的明确指标)"可知，气象学家Erie
Holthaus认为这次Christophe
de
Margerie号的北海航行是气候变化紧急情况的标志，由此推知，这次航行的成功让他非常担忧。故选B项。
8．词句猜测题。根据文中内容可知，Christophe
de
Margerie号和50
Let
Pobedy破冰船比传统通航时间早两个月穿越了冰封的北海航线(NSR)，并成功完成航行，第四段“The
ships
encountered
no
multi-year
buildup
of
old
ice
on
the
route,
and
the
deepest
ice
was
about
5
feet
thick.(这些船在航线上没有encountered多年积累的旧冰，最深的冰大约有5英尺厚)”解释了原因，因为它们没有遇到旧冰，其中encounter应理解为“遇见，碰到”，与come
across同义
。故选C项。
9．细节理解题。根据最后一段"the
navigation
in
the
Eastern
part
of
the
Arctic
was
practically
doubled(在北极东部的航行几乎翻了一番)"和"He
noted
that
for
decades
the
transit
route
along
that
part
of
the
NSR
had
typically
remained
closed
by
ice
from
November
until
July.(他指出，几十年来，北海航线的过境路线通常从11月到7月一直被冰封锁)"可知，几十年来北海航线(NSR)的通航时间都是8、9、10三个月份，但现在
翻了一番
，变为了6个月。故选D项。
B篇：ACA
【大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几种与难以忍受的炎热天气有关的有趣的表达。
10．细节理解题。根据
Dog
days
of
summer
标题下的第三句“But
in
fact,
the
expression
comes
from
16th
century
astrology
and
refers
to
the
days
on
which
Sirius－the
Dog
Star,
the
brightest
star
in
the
summer
sky
and
part
of
the
Great
Dog
constellation－rises
at
the
same
time
as
the
sun.（但事实上，这个表达来自16世纪的占星术，指的是天狼星——狗星，夏季天空中最亮的恒星，也是大狗星座的一部分——与太阳同时升起的日子。）”可知，与星体研究有关的表达是
Dog
days
of
summer，故选A项。
11．词义猜测题。根据
Hotter
than
a
two-dollar
pistol标题下的内容可知，没有手枪会卖2美元，除非是偷来的。在英语俚语中，形容盗窃的赃物经常用到“hot”，这些偷来的东西就像是“烫手山芋”，窝赃者随时会被绳之以法。由此可知，此处的hot意为“不合法的”，故选C项。
12．细节理解题。根据So
hot
you
can
fry
an
egg
on
the
sidewalk标题下的第二句“As
long
as
you
use
a
frying
pan
with
a
lid
and
the
temperature
is
at
least
49℃,
it
is
actually
possible
to
fry
an
egg
on
the
sidewalk.
（只要你用一个有盖的煎锅，而且温度至少在49
℃，你就可以在人行道上煎鸡蛋。
）”可知，要想在人行道上煎蛋，温度至少要达到49摄氏度，故选A项。
C篇：BDAC
【大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了由于气候变化，加拿大的河流，the
Slims
River几乎要消失。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话“After
a
year
of
careful
studies,
a
group
of
scientists
recently
said
that
the
sudden
change
of
the
river
was
caused
by
climate
change.
”可知，科学家经过研究发现河流的突然变化是受气候影响的。故选B。
14．细节理解题。A.The
Slims
River
has
now
become
part
of
Kluane
National
Park.（原文没有提到）根据第四段第三句“The
Slims
River
is
almost
dry
now,
which
also
takes
away
the
clean
air
in
the
region
because
strong
wind
blows
up
all
the
dust
in
the
river
bed.”（The
Slims
River现在几乎已经干涸了，它带走了这个地区的清洁空气，因为大风将尘土吹到河床。）B.
The
air
in
the
region
of
the
Slims
River
is
still
clean.（The
Slims
River区域的空气仍然很干净。）B项与原文不符，错误。C.
Climate
change
has
no
effect
on
our
daily
life.（气候变化对我们的日常生活没有影响。）C项与事实不符，错误。D.
Global
warming
can
bring
sudden
changes
to
the
environment.（全球变暖可能对环境产生突然的变化。）由此可知D符合语境。故选D。
15．细节理解题。根据第三段“But
in
spring
2016,
there
was
a
sharp
melting
of
the
Kaskawulsh
glacier
because
of
climate
change.
It
made
the
melt
water
run
in
a
different
direction,
and
into
a
second
river,
the
Alsek
River,
then
into
the
Gulf
of
Alaska.
（但在2016年春天，由于气候变化，卡斯卡沃尔什冰川急剧融化。它使融化的水向不同的方向流动，进入第二条河，即阿尔塞克河，然后进入阿拉斯加湾。）”可知，2016年春天，先是the
Kaskawulsh
glacier冰层融化，然后融化的水流进Alsek
River，最后到达the
Gulf
of
Alaska。A.
①→④→②与原文顺序一致。故选A。
16．词义猜测题。根据第三段“It
made
the
melt
water
run
in
a
different
direction,
and
into
a
second
river,
the
Alsek
River,
then
into
the
Gulf
of
Alaska.
”可知，上文是对river
piracy的解释，即融化的水朝不同方向流走。C.
The
flow
of
a
river
is
suddenly
taken
away
into
another.（河流突然改变流向。）因此C项与文章意思吻合。故选C。
三、语法填空
17．led
18．affecting
19．were
killed
20．seriously
21．for
22．and
23．influential
24．argument
25．to
stop
26．which
【大意】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了周一，一场来自蒙古的沙尘暴席卷了中国北部地区，导致学校停课和航班取消。
17．考查动词时态。句意：周一，一场来自蒙古的沙尘暴席卷了中国北部地区，导致学校停课和航班取消。空处和“swept”并列，需填一般过去时，作谓语。故填led。
18．考查非谓语动词。句意：据国家气象中心称，这是近十年来最强烈的沙尘暴，影响了中国北方的12个省级地区。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，The
sandstorm和affect为逻辑上的主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填affecting。
19．考查动词时态语态。句意：蒙古国家应急管理局表示:“上周末，蒙古的一场严重沙尘暴造成至少9人死亡。”此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，主语people和kill为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为复数名词，be动词用were。故填were
killed。
20．考查副词。句意：据满洲里当局称，满洲里机场也受到严重影响，周一中午因安全原因关闭。修饰动词affected需用副词作状语。故填seriously。
21．考查介词。句意同上。for
safety为固定短语，意为“为安全起见”。故填for。
22．考查连词。句意：据机场方面表示，截至下午4:40，由于沙尘暴，北京首都国际机场取消了46个航班，北京大兴国际机场取消了8个航班。上下文之间是并列关系，需用连词and连接。故填and。
23．考查形容词。句意：北京市气象局天气预报员，这一领域的一些有影响的人，就沙尘暴问题发生了争论。修饰名词persons需用形容词作定语。故填influential。
24．考查名词。句意同上。不定冠词an修饰单数可数名词，空处需填名词argument，作宾语，故填argument。
25．考查非谓语动词。句意：首都教育部门建议所有学校和教育机构停止户外活动。advise
sb.
to
do
sth.为固定用法，意为“建议某人做某事”，空处需填动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to
stop。
26．考查定语从句。句意：该地区少雨导致干旱，这导致了沙尘天气。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
四、提纲类作文
Dear
students,
The
growth
of
greenhouse
gases
in
the
air
actually
come
as
a
result
of
human
activity.
And
global
warming
has
already
brought
about
the
rise
of
the
sea
level,
severe
storms,
the
spread
of
diseases
and
the
disappearance
of
species.
Actually,
we
do
not
have
to
put
up
with
it.
Together,
individuals
can
make
a
difference.
Here
are
a
few
suggestions
for
us
all.
First,
we
should
learn
to
reduce
the
use
of
energy
in
our
houses.
Second,
recycle
cans,
bottles,
plastic
bags
and
newspapers
if
circumstances
allow
you
to.
Third,
get
your
parents
to
buy
things
that
are
economical
with
energy.
Finally
and
most
importantly,
be
an
educator.
Remember
-
our
contribution
counts.
Students”
Union
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