人教版(2019)选择性必修一:Unit5 Working the land Part1 Reading and Thinking课前预习学案(含答案)

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人教版(2019)选择性必修一:Unit5 Working the land Part1 Reading and Thinking课前预习学案(含答案)

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Unit5
Part1
课前预习
UNIT
5
WORKING
THE
LAND
Part
1
Reading
and
Thinking
【原文】
APIONEER
FORALLPEOPLE
Yuan
Longping,known
as
the“fatherof
hybrid
rice”,is
one
of
China’s
most
famous
scientists.Yet,he
considers
himself
a
farmer
because
he
continually
works
the
land
in
his
research.
Indeed,his
slim
but
strong
body
is
just
like
that
of
millions
of
Chinese
farmers,to
whom
he
has
devoted
his
life.
Yuan
Longping
was
born
in
1930
in
Beijing.
His
parents
wanted
him
to
pursue
a
career⑥in
science
or
medicine.
However,what
concerned
him
most
was
that
farmers
often
had
poor
harvests
and
sometimes
even
had
a
serious
shortage
of
food
to
eat
.To
tackle
this
crisis,he
chose
to
study
agriculture
and
received
an
education
at
Southwest
Agricultural
College
in
Chongqing.
After
graduating
in
1953,he
worked
as
a
researcher
Yuan
Longping
realised
that
larger
fields
were
not
the
solution.
Instead,farmers
needed
to
boost
yields
in
the
fields
they
had.
How
this
could
be
done
was
a
challenging
question
at
the
time.
Yuan
was
convinced
that
the
answer
could
be
found
in
the
creation
of
hybrid
rice.
A
hybrid
is
a
cross
between
two
or
more
varieties
of
a
species.
One
characteristic
of
hybrids
is
that
they
usually
attain
a
higher
yield
than
conventional
crops.
However,whether
it
was
possible
to
develop
a
hybrid
of
self-pollinating
plants
such
as
rice
was
a
matter
of
great
debate.
The
common
assumption
then
was
that
it
could
not
be
done.
Through
intense
effort,Yuan
overcame
enormous
technical
difficulties
to
develop
the
first
hybrid
rice
that
could
be
used
for
farming
in
1974.
This
hybrid
enabled
farmers
to
expand
their
output
greatly.
Today,it
is
estimated
that
about
60
percent
of
domestic
rice
consumption
in
China
is
comprised
of
crops
generated
from
Yuan’s
hybrid
strains,and
his
strains
have
allowed
China's
farmers
to
produce
around
200
million
tonnes
of
rice
per
year.
Yuan's
innovation
has
helped
feed
not
just
China,but
many
other
countries
that
depend
on
rice
as
well,such
as
India
and
Vietnam
Because
of
his
in
valuable
contributions,Yuan
Longping
has
received
numerous
awards
both
in
China
and
abroad.
What
impresses
people
most
about
Yuan
Longping
is
his
ongoing
ability
to
fulfill
his
dreams.
Long
ago,he
envisioned
rice
plants
as
tall
as
sorghum,with
each
ear
of
rice
as
big
as
a
broom,and
each
grain
of
rice
as
huge
as
a
peanut.
He
succeeded
in
producing
a
kind
of
rice
that
could
feed
more
people
at
home
and
abroad.His
latest
vision
for
“seawater
rice”
has
also
become
a
reality,and
potentially
opened
up
nearly
one
million
square
kilometres
of
salty
land
in
China
for
rice
production.
Despite
his
advanced
years,Yuan
Longping
is
still
young
at
heart
and
full
of
vision,and
everyone
is
waiting
to
see
what
he
will
dream
up
next.
全民先锋
袁隆平,被誉为“杂交(hybrid)水稻之父”,是中国最著名的科学家之一。然而,他认为自己是一个农民,因为他不断地在土地上从事他的研究工作。事实上,他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献(devote
to)了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。
袁隆平1930年出生于北京。他父母希望他从事科学或医学方面的事业。然而,最让他担心的是,农民经常歉收,有时甚至严重缺乏(shortage)食物。为了应对(tackle)这个危机(crisis),他选择了学习农业,并在重庆的西南农学院接受教育。
1953年毕业后,他从事研究工作。袁隆平意识到,更多的耕地并不是解决问题的办法,相反,农民需要增加(boost)他们现有土地上农作物的产量(yield)。如何做到这一点在当时是一个具有挑战性的问题。袁隆平确信(convince),答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。杂交植物是一个物种的两个或多个变种之间的杂交。杂交作物的一个特点(characteristic)是它们的产量通常比常规(conventional)作物高(attain获得)。然而,是否有可能培育出水稻等自花授粉(pollinate)植物的杂交种,这是一个很大的争论问题。当时的普遍假设(assumption)是这是做不到的。通过不懈的(intense)努力,袁隆平克服(overcome)了巨大的技术困难,于1974年研制出了第一批可用于农业生产的杂交水稻。这种杂交植物使农民能够大幅度增加(expand)他们的水稻产置(output)。
据估计(estimate),中国国内(domestic)约60%的大米消费(con-sumption)是由袁隆平的杂交水稻品种(strain)生产(generate)的水稻组成(be
comprised
of)的,他的杂交水稻品种让中国农民每年能够生产出大约2亿吨大米。袁隆平的创新不仅帮助养活了中国,也养活了许多其他依赖大米的国家,如印度和越南。因为他做出了不可估童的贡献,袁隆平在国内外获得了无数奖项。
考虑到杂交水稻已经使袁隆平变得相当富有,人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适(leisure)的生活。然而,事实远非如此。袁隆平在内心深处(deepdown)依然是—农民。作为一个土(soil)生土长的人,他不太在乎名声(celebrity)和金钱。相反,他大量捐款支持农业研究。
袁隆平最让人印象深刻的是他不断实现梦想的能力。很久以前,他设想(envision)了一种像高粱(sorghum)—样高的水稻,每一穂米都像扫帚(broom)一样大,每一粒(grain)米都像花生一样大。他成功地生产出一种可以养活更多国内外人民的大米。他对“海水稻“的最新设想(vision)也已成为现实(reality),并可能在中国开辟近100万平方千米的盐碱(salty)地,用于水稻生产。尽管年事已高,袁隆平的内心仍然年轻,充满憧憬,每个人都在等着看他下一步的梦想。
基础过关练
Ⅰ、单词拼写
1.
His
dream
finally
became
a
_____(事实)(根据汉语意思填空)
【答案】reality
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:他的梦想变成了事实。根据空前的不定冠词a可知,空处应填一个名词,结合汉语提示可知reality符合题意,故填reality。
2.
She
has
to
_____
(克服)
great
difficulties
to
make
a
life
in
a
new
city.
(根据汉语意思填空)
【答案】overcome
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意:她必须克服巨大的困难才能在一个新的城市谋生。根据句意及汉语提示可知,此处使用动词overcome,has
to后用动词原形。故填overcome。
3.
Valentino
is
keen
to
see
_____
(名人)
parading
his
clothes
on
big
occasions.
(根据汉语意思填空)
【答案】celebrities
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:Valentino喜欢看名人在重大场合展示他的服装。空处应填一个名词作see的宾语,结合汉语提示可知,celebrity符合题意,celebrity是可数名词,空前无限定词,应使用复数形式。故填celebrities。
4.
He
worked
very
hard
to
a_____
his
goal.
(根据首字母填空)
【答案】attain
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意:他工作非常努力以实现他的目标。空处应填一个动词,结合句意和首字母提示可知,attain符合题意,意为“实现,达到”,空前to是不定式符号,空处应填动词原形,故填attain。
5.
The
c_____
way
of
farming
has
been
challenged
by
modern
technology.
(根据首字母填空)
【答案】conventional
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意:传统的耕作方式受到了现代技术的挑战。根据“has
been
challenged
by
modern
technology”可知,此处表示“传统的、惯例的”。故填conventional。
6.
Solar
energy
has
been
used
to
g_____
electricity
in
some
countries.
(根据首字母填空)
【答案】generate
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意:在一些国家太阳能已经被用来发电。结合句意和首字母提示可知,动词generate符合题意,意为“产生”,空前的to是不定式符号,应使用动词原形。故填generate。
7.
He
will
read
for
pleasure
during
the
l_____
time.
(根据首字母填空)
【答案】leisure
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:他会在闲暇时间看书消遣。根据“for
pleasure”可知,此处表示“闲暇时间”,leisure
time表示“闲暇时间”。故填leisure。
8.
Organic
farmers
turned
to
natural
means
to
b_____
crop
yield.
(根据首字母填空)
【答案】boost
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意:种植有机作物的农民转向天然手段来提高庄稼产量。空处应填一个动词,结合句意和首字母提示可知boost符合题意,意为“提高”,空前的to是不定式符号,空处应填动词原形,故填boost。
9.
Many
people
are
out
of
work
due
to
the
economic
c_____.
(根据首字母填空)
【答案】crisis
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:由于经济危机,许多人失业,根据句意及首字母提示可知,此处使用名词crisis。故填crisis。
10.
The
new
finding
has
attracted
both
d_____
and
international
attention.
(根据首字母填空)
【答案】domestic
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这个新发现吸引了国内外的关注。空处应填一个形容词和international并列,结合句意及首字母提示可知,domestic符合题意,意为“国内的”,作定语修饰attention。故填domestic。
11.
She
is
an
easy-going
person
with
charming
c_____.
(根据首字母填空)
【答案】characteristics
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:她是个随和的人,有着迷人的性格。结合句意和首字母提示可知,characteristic符合题意,意为“特征,特点,性格”,是可数名词,此处应使用复数,故填characteristics。

选词填空
care
for,dream
up,in
spite
of,be
comprised
of,far,from
12.
As
a
vegetarian,he
didn't
_____
meat.
13.
The
community
_____
many
ethnic
minorities.
14.
They
always
_____
some
new
excuses
for
the
train's
arriving
late.
15.
With
10
guests
to
come,6
chairs
are
_____
enough.
16.
She
made
a
life
in
the
capital
city
_____
great
difficulties.
【答案】12.
care
for
13.
is
comprised
of
14.
dream
up
15.
far
from
16.
in
spite
of
【解析】
【分析】
【12题详解】
考查动词短语。句意:作为一个素食者,他不喜欢肉类。结合句意可知动词短语care
for符合题意,意为“喜爱”,助动词didn't后接动词原形,故填care
for。
【13题详解】
考查固定短语。句意:这个社区由很多少数民族组成。结合句意可知be
comprised
of符合题意,意为“由……组成,包括”,此处是讲述一个事实,应使用一般现在时,主语是单数,故填is
comprised
of。
【14题详解】
考查动词短语。句意:他们总是为火车晚点编出一些新理由。结合句意可知动词短语dream
up符合题意,意为“凭空想出,虚构出”,句子是一般现在时,主语是They,故填dream
up。
【15题详解】
考查固定短语。句意:有10个客人要来,6把椅子远远不够。结合句意可知固定短语far
from符合题意,意为“远非,完全不”,故填far
from。
【16题详解】
考查固定短语。句意:尽管有极大的苦难,她还是在首都城市生活。结合句意可知固定短语in
spite
of符合题意,意为“尽管,不管,不顾”,故填in
spite
of。
【点睛】
Ⅲ、单句语法填空
17.
People
in
dry
areas
suffer
from
a
_____(short)of
water.
(用单词适当形式填空)
【答案】shortage
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。
句意:干旱地区的人们饱受缺水之苦。该空作介词from
后的宾语,用名词,前面有不定冠词修饰,用名词单数,shortage
of意为“缺少……”,所以填shortage。
18.
The
_____(consume
)of
plastic
products
is
threatening
the
environment.
(用单词适当形式填空)
【答案】consumption
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。
句意:塑料产品的消耗正在威胁环境。
由the…of结构可知此处应用名词形式,表示“...的消耗”。故答案为consumption

19.
His
theory
was
based
on
false
_____(assume).
(用单词适当形式填空)
【答案】assumptions
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:他的理论是以错误的设想为基础的。be
based
on意为“以…为基础”,介词on后可接名词、代词、动名词。false错误的,为形容词后需接名词。assumption是可数名词,设空处前无冠词,故填assumptions.
20.
The
director
_____(vision)
an
isolated
life
in
his
last
movie.
(用单词适当形式填空)
【答案】envisioned
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意:这个导演在他的上部电影里设想了一种孤独的生活。分析句子可知,句子缺少谓语,in
his
last
movie提示句子用一般过去时,故填envisioned。
21.
Researchers
are
_____
(devote)
to
finding
a
cure
for
cancer.
(用单词适当形式填空)
【答案】devoted
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配.
句意:研究人员致力于找到一种癌症的治疗方法.
be
devoted为固定搭配,意为“致力于……”,故填devoted.
22.
A
lack
of
_____
(convince)evidence
led
to
the
failure
of
the
case.
(用单词适当形式填空)
【答案】convincing
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意:缺少令人信服的证据导致这个案子败诉了。此处需用形容词作定语修饰
evidence,由句意可知此处表示“令人信服的”,应填convincing,故填convincing。
23.
His
muscle
_____(strain)
while
he
was
taking
exercise.
(用单词适当形式填空)
【答案】was
strained
【解析】
【详解】考查语态、时态和主谓一致。句意:在锻炼的时候他的肌肉拉伤了。His
muscle与
strain之间是被动关系,故用被动语态,由从句中的was可知,此处应用一般过去时,主语His
muscle是单数,故填was
strained。
Ⅳ、完成句子
24.
估计已经有10,000美元花在了农业研究上.
_____
_____
_____
_____
10,000
dollars
has
been
spent
on
agricultural
research.
【答案】
①.
It
②.
is
③.
estimated
④.
that
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。结合句意可知,所填空处应填意为“估计”的句型,It
is
estimated
that为固定句型,意为“估计……”。故填①It②is③estimated④that。
25.
让游客们印象深刻的是优美的风景
_____
_____
_____
_____
is
the
picturesque
scenery.
【答案】
①.
What
②.
impresses
③.
the
④.
visitors
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句。is是句子谓语,所以空处是一个主语从句,且用一般现在时,表示“让旅客们印象深刻的”,指物,应使用what引导,在从句中作主语,“使人印象深刻”用及物动词impress,应使用第三人称单数形式,后接宾语“the
visitors”,注意句首单词的首字母大写,故填What
impresses
the
visitors。
26.
他成功的演艺事业使他富有。
His
successful
acting
career
_____
_____
_____.
【答案】
①.
makes
②.
him
③.
wealthy
【解析】
【详解】考查动词make用法。空处表示“使他富有”,可使用“make+宾语+宾语补足语”表达,宾语使用宾格him,宾语补足语使用形容词wealthy,此处是讲述一个事实,应用一般现在时,主语是His
successful
acting
career,谓语动词应使用第三人称单数,故填makes
him
wealthy。
27.
他成功地解决了公司面临的危机.
He
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
facing
the
company.
【答案】
①.
succeeded
②.
in
③.
tackling
④.
the
⑤.
crisis
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。空处表示“成功解决了危机”,应使用一般过去时,“成功做某事”使用动词短语succeed
in
doing
sth.表达,“解决”使用动词tackle,“危机”使用名词crisis,表示特指,其前加定冠词the,故填succeeded
in
tackling
the
crisis。

课文语法填空
Known
as
the
"father
of
hybrid
rice",Yuan
Longping
is
one
of
China's
___28___(famous)
scientists,who
considers
himself
a
farmer
___29___
his
fame
and
influence.
___30___(tackle)the
crisis
of
food
___31___
(short),he
attended
Southwest
Agricultural
College
and
made
up
his
mind
to
study
agriculture.
Then
as
a
researcher,he
was
devoted
to
finding
___32___
approach
to
boosting
yields
without
expanding
the
area
of
land.
___33___
(overcome)enormous
difficulties,he
developed
the
first
hybrid
rice
in
the
world
that
could
be
used
for
farming
in
1974,which
made
___34___
possible
for
farmers
to
expand
their
output
___35___
(great).
Not
only
has
his
innovation
helped
to
feed
China,but
it
___36___(alleviate)
hunger
in
other
countries
depending
on
rice
like
India
and
Vietnam.
Given
his
great
contribution,he
has
received
numerous
awards
both
in
China
and
abroad.
In
spite
of
being
wealthy,he
cares
little
for
celebrity
or
money
and
makes
large
donations
to
support
agricultural
research.
Old
____37____
he
is,he
is
still
working
hard
to
fulfill
his
dream.
【答案】28.
most
famous
29.
despite
30.
To
tackle
31.
shortage
32.
an
33.
Having
overcome
34.
it
35.
greatly
36.
has
alleviated
37.
as/though
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科学家袁隆平研制出可用于农业的杂交水稻,缓和中国及其他国家的饥饿问题。
【28题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意:作为“杂交水稻之父”而出名,袁隆平是中国最著名的科学家之一,尽管负有盛名和影响力,他还是把自己看作一个农民。结合句中的“one
of”可知,此处指“最著名的科学家之一”,应用形容词最高级most
famous。故填most
famous。
【29题详解】
考查介词。空后fame和
influence是名词,介词后可接名词,根据句意可知填
despite,表示“尽管”,故填despite。
【30题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:为解决食物短缺的危机,他上西南农学院并下定决心学习农业。根据句意可知,此处表示目的,应用动词不定式短语作目的状语,注意句首单词的首字母大写,故填
To
tackle。
【31题详解】
考查名词。此处应填一个名词作of的宾语,food
shortage意为“食物短缺”,故填shortage。
【32题详解】
考查冠词。句意:作为一个研究者,他致力于找到一种提高产量又不用扩大土地面积的方法。此处第一次提到approach,表泛指,用不定冠词,approach发音以元音音素开头,故填an。
【33题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:克服重重困难后,他在1974年研制出世界上第一株可用于农业的杂交水稻,这使得农民们能够极大地扩大产量。空处应使用非谓语动词,动词overcome与其逻辑主语he之间是主动关系,应用现在分词作状语,且overcome的动作发生在谓语
developed之前,应使用现在分词的完成式,注意句首单词的首字母大写,故填Having
overcome。
【34题详解】
考查it的用法。分析句子结构可知,在which引导的定语从句中,谓语部分是“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,动词不定式短语to
expand
their
output是make真正的宾语,此处应用it作形式宾语,故填it。
【35题详解】
考查副词。此处修饰动词
expand,应使用副词形式,故填greatly。
【36题详解】
考查时态。句意:他的新方法不仅有助于养活中国人,而且也缓和了其他像印度和越南这样的依靠大米的国家的饥饿问题。not
only…
but…是连词,连接并列的分句,后一分句缺谓语,前一分句用的是现在完成时,故此处也应用现在完成时,故填
has
alleviated。
【37题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意:尽管他年事已高,他仍然努力工作来实现他的梦想。根据句意可知,此处表示“尽管”,从句表语old提到句首,用了倒装,故用as或though引导让步状语从句,故填as/though。
【点睛】

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