资源简介

七选五专项训练（二）
Passage 1　　主题语境:人与自我　　限时:9分钟
　　(2020浙江)I experienced years of loneliness as a child. 　1　 His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine. With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood, I had to spend hours by myself.
A bright spot for me turned out to be reading. My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me every evening. 　2　 I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books. I quickly graduated from typical children's books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters. Reading opened new worlds to me. 　3　
My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me. When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. 　4　 I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful. It was a trait(特点) others found helpful, and I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me.
　5　 My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season. My brother, of course, raced off to be with his friends, while I had plenty to do myself. There was making leaf houses in autumn, ice skating in winter, and so much more. They're all memories I treasure today.
A.I wasn't alone any longer.
B.I enjoyed reading stories aloud.
C.I was invited to play with another kid.
D.I loved the colorful photographs in the books.
E.Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.
F.Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.
G.My older brother couldn't be bothered to play with me.
Passage 2　　主题语境:人与自我　　限时:9分钟
　　(2020北京)Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one's head in the sand and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself. 　1　 Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do.
　2　 People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans (寿命), lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships. 　3　 For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer (缓冲作用) against depression and anxiety. Resilient (适应性强的) people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress. 　4　
In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem. 　5　 Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one's physical and mental health.
A.It doesn't cause any severe emotional discomfort, either.
B.Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect.
C.It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations.
D.Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind.
E.As thinking changes, an individual's behaviour and habits change as well.
F.They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking.
G.They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small.
Passage 3　　主题语境:人与社会　　限时:9分钟
　　(2019浙江)Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups, they make very different music. 　1　At that time the Beatles entered the world of music from Liverpool.
After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours. By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England. 　2　They held large concerts and performed at clubs. They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. They began as a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends(传说). John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year.
　3　They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music. Beatlemania hit New York on February 7, 1964. Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them. 　4　The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time. The Beatles were described as a British invasion(入侵) by local and nationwide newspapers at that time. Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market. 　5　
A.They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.
B.Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.
C.Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.
D.However, their songs changed the lives of generations to come.
E.Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles.
F.They appeared in the films A Hard Day's Night (1964) and Help! (1965).
G.They performed their first concert in America at CBS television's 53rd street studio.
Passage 4　　主题语境:人与社会　　限时:9分钟
　　(2019北京)Much of the work in today's world is accomplished(完成) in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 　1　Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent
　2　They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team's performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isn't evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team's performance.
To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调) their actions. 　3　In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team's performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told,“There is no I in TEAM.”　4　
Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛),whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
　5　An A-team may require a balance—not just A players, but a few generous B players as well.
A.It's not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.
B.Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent.
C.The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers' attention.
D.Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
E.Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.
F.Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
G.This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
Passage 5　　主题语境:人与社会　　限时:9分钟
　　(2018浙江)Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood. The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. 　1　
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat, clean, and in good repair. 　2　 By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.
Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously. When going for a walk, take along a small garbage bag. 　3　 This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.
　4　 If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping. Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.
　5　 By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates.
A.In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.
C.Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
D.Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.
E.Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.
F.People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.
G.Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.
Passage 6　　主题语境:人与社会　　限时:9分钟
　　(2018北京)
Why Do We Get Angry
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering(触发)events, personality traits(特征), and our assessment of situations. 　1　
Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples:being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more. 　2　The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one's personal history and psychological traits.
Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. 　3　Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.
　4　Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative(消极的)outlooks on situations can create anger.
　5　However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.
A.Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.
B.But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.
C.Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.
D.Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.
E.Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.
F.Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.
G.Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.
Passage 7　　主题语境:人与社会　　限时:9分钟
　　(2017浙江)
How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews
The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. 　1　But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.
·When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask,“Why do you think environmental protection is important in America ”　2　
·Hit the streets with confidence. 　3　Say,“Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.”This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.
·Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera. Don't get discouraged.
·　4　Each interview that you get on the street shouldn't be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you won't be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. 　5　
·If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, don't leave work without them.
A.Limit your time.
B.As you approach people, be polite.
C.If you don't own a camera, you can buy one.
D.For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.
E.To get good and useful results, ask them the same question.
F.That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.
G.With a question like this, you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.
Passage 8　　主题语境:人与社会　　限时:9分钟
　　(2017北京)Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 　1　
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 　2　We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing(加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 　3　
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 　4　 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.
If Tononi's theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night's sleep, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information—our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 　5　“You keep what matters,” Tononi says.
A.We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B.It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.
C.Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.
D.The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E.That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
F.“Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.
G.Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.
Passage 9　　主题语境:人与社会　　限时:9分钟
　　(2016北京)
The Science of Risk-Seeking
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 　1　Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.
The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 　2　 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren't we all jumping out of airplanes then Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 　3　
No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 　4　To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
　5　For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we'll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
A.It all depends on your character.
B.Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C.Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D.Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E.This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F.However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G.New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
参考答案
Passage 1　
[语篇解读]　本文体裁为记叙文,主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容是认识自我、丰富自我、完善自我。文章围绕作者的兴趣爱好以及性格的形成与发展这一话题进行阐述。本文侧重促进学生养成良好的兴趣爱好,拥有更好的性格品质。
1.G　2.D　3.A　4.F　5.E　
Passage 2　
[语篇解读]　本文是说明文。主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为积极思考。文章介绍了积极思考对人的好处。本文侧重培养学生的思维品质。
1.B　2.D　3.C　4.G　5.A　
Passage 3　
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容是音乐发展。文章的主要内容是甲壳虫乐队的发展、在美国的巡演以及对美国音乐的影响。文章侧重于培养学生的文化意识。
1.C　2.B　3.A　4.G　5.E　
Passage 4　
[语篇解读]　本文为议论文,主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为体育精神。本文主要讨论了一个团队是否需要很多有天赋的个人加入。文章有助于培养学生的思维品质。
1.B　2.E　3.G　4.D　5.F　
Passage 5　
[语篇解读]　本文为说明文。搬了新家有了新邻居,想要邻居喜欢你吗 按照文章中作者提供的建议尝试一下吧!
1.G　2.F　3.E　4.B　5.C　
Passage 6　
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章从三个方面向读者介绍了引起愤怒的原因,以帮助减少愤怒的出现。
1.F　2.G　3.E　4.A　5.D　
Passage 7　
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章就“如何做好街头采访”给出了一些建议。
1.D　2.G　3.B　4.A　5.F　
Passage 8　
[语篇解读]　本文为说明文。研究表明,睡眠期间脑细胞之间的关联会减弱,从而使大脑为新的记忆腾出空间,但是对于重要的记忆,大脑则会对其加以保护。
1.C　2.E　3.F　4.G　5.B　
Passage 9　
[语篇解读]　本文为议论文。文章就寻求风险展开了议论。
1.F　2.C　3.A　4.E　5.G　

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