资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
(
第14讲
：
高三英语第一轮培优讲义
)
报刊时文热点、读写综合运用、典题链接解析
目录 内容
Section A 报刊时文语法填空
Section B 应用文阅读
Section C 说明文阅读
Section D 七选五
Section E 完形填空
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Section A：
报刊时文语法填空
)
题源：CNN 中国选手杨倩射落东京奥运会首金
新闻背景：在24日举行的东京奥运会,女子10米气步枪决赛中中国选手杨倩夺得冠军为中国代表团揽入本届奥运会第一枚金牌这也是本届东京奥运会诞生的首枚金牌, 中国 00 后选手杨倩以资格赛第 6 名进入决赛，最终她顶住压力，发挥出色，以251.8环摘得金牌，创造了新的奥运会纪录。
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China's Yang Qian Wins First Gold Medal of 2020 Olympics
The first gold medal of the 2020 Olympics was ___1___(official) won Saturday in Japan.
China's Qian Yang earned gold in the women's 10-meter air rifle（步枪） to take home the long-awaited first medal. The 21-year-old is ___2___ rising star in the sport.
Yang, ___3___ was ranked sixth in the qualification, scored 251.8 points in the final, beating Russian Galashina's 251.1 points to set off Team China to a fine start at the ___4___(postpone) Tokyo games.
As the first champion of the 2020 Games, Yang ___5___(award) her medal by International Olympic Committee (IOC) president Thomas Bach.
"It's unbelievable that I can be here. The ___6___(compete) was really tight, but I'm so happy that I could win," Yang said after ___7___(claim) the first gold medal of the Games and for China.
"I'm so happy that this golden medal is a gift ___8___ my country. I'm so ___9___(pride)."
But she had to keep her composure(沉着) to do it.
"I didn't think too much during the match because I was very nervous and my heart was beating very fast, so I just tried to be ___10___(I) and keep my emotions in control." the shooter added.
答案解析
officially 考查词类转换。修饰动词won，用副词作状语。
a考查冠词。a rising star 一颗冉冉升起的新星。表示“一”，用不定冠词。
who 考查定语从句。因先行词是人，用who引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
4.postponed考查非谓语。因东京奥运会是“被推迟”的，用过去分词做定语，表被动。 at the postponed Tokyo games. 在推迟的东京奥运会上
5. was awarded 考查被动语态。因是“被颁奖”，用被动语态。
6. competition考查词类转换。名词作主语。
7.claiming 考查非谓语。after doing 做了……之后。因动作是句子主语主动发出的，用ing形式表主动。
一词多义,claim |kle m| 既可作名词，也可作动词，常见的意思有“声称、断言、索取、主张”等，本句中是“获得；赢得”的意思。If someone claims a record, title, or prize, they gain or win it.
to/for 考查介词。a gift to/for ...给……的礼物。
9. proud 考查词类转换。形容词做表语。
myself 考查反身代词。be oneself 心态平稳。
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Section
B
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应用文
阅读
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What limits you from hiking more often Many complain that they don't have a suitable partner to go with. Why not take a look at the great hiking clubs across Canada
Yukon Outdoors Club
Website: yukonoutdoorsclub.ca
Membership cost: $10 for a single membership; $15 for a family membership
Description: The club arranges day hikes, backpacking trips, canoe trips, mountain biking, cross-country skiing trips, snowshoeing trips and various workshops for members to gain new skills and valuable information.
UBC Varsity Outdoor Club
Website: ubc-voc.com
Membership cost: Students $40； non-UBC students $60
Description: The UBC Varsity Outdoor Club is a social group that hikes, mountaineers, rock climbs and ice climbs. Travel and outdoor-minded UBC students and non-students are welcome to join. The UBC VOC has also constructed a few backcountry cottages in the Coast Mountains.
Pender Harbor Hiking Group
Website: penderharbourhiking.weebly. Com
Membership cost: Free.
Description: The Pender Harbor Hiking Group offers hikes scheduled two months in advance, so get on the mailing list or check the website regularly to find a hike that's right for you! Hikes are usually one and a half to two hours long, but some full-day hikes are scheduled, depending on members, interest.
Vernon Outdoors Club
Website: vernonoutdoorsclub. Org
Membership cost: A single membership is $25, and students pay $10, Children are free.
Description: Boasting a membership of close to 200 people, the Vernon Outdoors Club is an active group that enjoys hiking and cycling. The group organizes a Tuesday Rambles event each week and also hosts multi-day trips.
21．Which club has built remote shelters for hikers
A．The Yukon Outdoors Club.
B．The Vernon Outdoors Club.
C．The UBC Varsity Outdoor Club.
D．The Pender Harbor Hiking Group.
22．What should you do if you hope to hike with the Pender Harbour Hiking Group
A．Make a proper appointment.
B．Follow the website or the mail.
C．Develop your interest in hiking.
D．Arrange two months ahead of time.
23．What do the four clubs have in common
A．Booking in advance.
B．Charging membership fee.
C．Providing skill workshops.
D．Organizing hiking activities.
【答案】 21．C 22．B 23．D
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个可以提供徒步旅行的俱乐部。
21．细节理解题。由文中第二部分UBC Varsity Outdoor Club 介绍中“The UBC VOC has also constructed a few backcountry cottages in the Coast Mountains.（UBC VOC在海岸山脉还建造了一些偏僻的村舍。）可知，只有UBC Varsity Outdoor Club提到了为远足者建设了偏远的村舍。故选C项。
22．细节理解题。由第三部分Pender Harbor Hiking Group中“The Pender Harbor Hiking Group offers hikes scheduled two months in advance, so get on the mailing list or check the website regularly to find a hike that's right for you!”（Pender Harbor远足小组提供提前两个月安排的远足，因此，请进入邮件列表或定期检查网站，以找到适合您的远足！）可知，该俱乐部的远足安排要关注网站或邮件，故选B项。
23．推理判断题。由文中Pender Harbor Hiking Group介绍中“Description: The Pender Harbor Hiking Group offers hikes scheduled two months in advance.”（ Pender Harbor远足小组提供提前两个月安排的远足）所以可推知是要提前订票安排的。 A项“Booking in advance.”（提前预定）可知文中并没有提到所有活动都要提前订票。同时该俱乐部介绍中“Membership cost: Free.”（会员费：免费）可知不收取会员费用，故B项“Charging membership fee.”（收取会员费）不对。 文中Yukon Outdoors Club介绍中提到“Description: The club arranges day hikes, backpacking trips, canoe trips, mountain biking, cross-country skiing trips, snowshoeing trips and various workshops for members to gain new skills and valuable. information.”（描述：俱乐部安排一日远足，背包旅行，独木舟旅行，山地自行车，越野滑雪旅行，雪鞋旅行和各种工作坊，供会员获得新技能和宝贵信息。）可知提到了获取技能。其他俱乐部未提及。故C项“Providing skill workshops”（提供技能作坊）不对。根据 UBC Varsity Outdoor Club中的“Description: The UBC Varsity Outdoor Club is a social group that hikes, mountaineers, rock climbs and ice climbs. ”描述:UBC Varsity户外俱乐部是一个社会团体，包括远足、登山、攀岩和攀冰。根据 Vernon Outdoors Club中的“Description: Boasting a membership of close to 200 people, the Vernon Outdoors Club is an active group that enjoys hiking and cycling.”描述:拥有近200名会员，弗农户外俱乐部是一个活跃的团体，喜欢徒步旅行和骑自行车。由此可知，四个俱乐部都组织徒步活动。故选D项。
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Section
C
：
说明文阅读
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Russia’s security chief has blamed an act of terror for the Russian A321 airliner crash in Egypt last month which killed 224 people . Whatever happened , the tragedy raises sad memories of horrific airplane crashes that have cost thousands of lives in recent decades .
Some of the worst such incidents—like four crashes in frightening succession into New York’s World Trade Center , the Pentagon and rural Pennsylvania on September 11 , 2001 ; the 1988 downing of Pan Am Flight 103 in Lockerbie , Scotland ; and a 1977 crash involving the apparent hijacking of a Malaysian Airlines jet that left 100 dead—involved terrorist activity . But there are many others that did not , with mechanical problems , pilot error or other reasons blamed for loss of life . Below are some examples of the latter : crashes that left at least 200 people dead in each incident .
March 27 , 1977 : A KLM Royal Dutch Airlines Boeing 747 beginning its takeoff crashed into Pan American World Airways Boeing 747 then still on the runway at the Los Rodeos Airport at Tenerife in the Canary Islands . A total of 574 people , aboard both planes , died .
July 11 , 1991 : The landing gear of a Nigeria Airways DC-8 catches fire shortly after takeoff Jeddah , Saudi Arabia . It doesn’t make it back to the airport , crashing nose-down less than 10,000 feet short of the runway and killing all 261 people aboard .
April 26 , 1994 : The pilot of a China Airlines’ Flight 140 alerts the control tower at Japan’s Nagoya Airport of his intention not to land and try another approach . But something goes wrong and , a short time later , the Airbus A300 crashes leading to 264 deaths—though a few passengers do survive .
September 2 , 1998 : A Swissair jetliner that had departed New York’s Kennedy airport on its way to Geneva , Switzerland , goes down off the coast of Nova Scotia , Canada ; none of the 229 people aboard Flight 111 make it . Investigators believe that the MD-11 lost all electrical power immediately before the crash .
June 1 , 2009 : Air France Flight 447 is on the way from Rio de Janiero to Paris when it and its 228 passengers and crew go missing somewhere over the Atlantic Ocean . It’s not until five days later that the first bodies are found about 600 miles off the northern coast of Brazil . Two years later , French authorities blame the crash on equipment breakdown .
4．The first paragraph is intended to __________ .
A．memorize those people aboard the Russian A321 airline .
B．direct attention to some disastrous air plane crashes .
C．show it is the most serious incident in history .
D．analyze the cause of the disaster and blame the airline company .
5．Which air crash resulted from terrorist attack
A．China Airlines’ Flight 140
B．Air France Flight 447
C．Pan Am Flight 103
D．Swissair Jetliner Flight 111
6．Which of the following statements is not true
A．Two planes of the same type hit each other on March 27 , 1977 .
B．There were over 264 people aboard China Airlines’ Flight 140 .
C．Swissair Jetliner Flight 111 crashed during its landing .
D．It took five days to find some bodies of Air France Flight 447 .
7．Which of the following might be the best title for the text
A．Russian Airlines Plane Crash B．Air Crash Investigation
C．Deadliest Airline Crashes D．Mysteries of Air crashes
【答案】 4．B 5．C 6．C 7．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了多起致命性的飞机事故。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“ Whatever happened , the tragedy raises sad memories of horrific airplane crashes that have cost thousands of lives in recent decades .”（无论发生了什么，这场悲剧让人想起了近几十年来夺去数千人生命的可怕空难）可知，该文章第一段开篇点题，主要是为了将读者的注意力引向灾难性的飞机事件中。故选B项。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Some of the worst such incidents—like four crashes in frightening succession into New York’s World Trade Center , the Pentagon and rural Pennsylvania on September 11 , 2001 ; the 1988 downing of Pan Am Flight 103 in Lockerbie , Scotland ; and a 1977 crash involving the apparent hijacking of a Malaysian Airlines jet that left 100 dead—involved terrorist activity . ”（其中一些最严重的事件，如2001年9月11日，纽约世贸中心、五角大楼和宾夕法尼亚州郊区接连发生四起可怕的坠机事件；1988年，泛美航空103航班在苏格兰洛克比坠毁；1977年一架马来西亚航空公司客机被劫持，造成100人死亡的坠机事件与恐怖活动有关）可知，泛美航空103航班空难事件是由恐怖袭击造成的。故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据文章第六段第一句“A Swissair jetliner that had departed New York’s Kennedy airport on its way to Geneva , Switzerland , goes down off the coast of Nova Scotia , Canada ; none of the 229 people aboard Flight 111 make it . ”（一架从纽约肯尼迪机场飞往瑞士日内瓦的瑞士航空客机在加拿大新斯科舍海岸坠毁；而111号航班上的229人无一幸免）可知，瑞士航空公司111号班机不是在着陆时坠毁的，而是在飞往瑞士日内瓦途中在加拿大新斯科舍海岸坠毁，C选项错误。故选C项。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章以飞机事件开头，后文例举了近十年夺去数千人生命的可怕空难，并且具体阐述了其情况和伤亡数量，由此可知，该文主要讲的是致命的航空事件。故选C项。
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Section
D
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七选五
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How to Be a Good Tourist
We travel not only for work but also for fun and learning. New restaurants, galleries, temples and new architecture...These places are homes for people like us who live and work there. How would you want visitors to behave in your own home Think about it. 36 There are many ways of doing this without sacrificing our own holiday.
Do your homework. 37 Guides will help you when you get to the site, but is that the best place to go Is it popular only because the one-day tourist can see it easily or because it is really a worthwhile place to visit？You’d better check it out.
38 Don’t go to your hotels for meals. Walk around, even if in the streets closest to your hotel. Eat in local restaurants. Talk to the locals. Learn a few in the local language and use them. You will surely get a smile from the hotel staff and street sellers.
Help preserve the sites. Most of the sites you visit may be visited by millions of people a year, so care needs to be taken to allow others to enjoy them as well. Some of these monuments are so old and fragile that they are sensitive to the touch of hands or bags and shows. 39 This way, you don’t encourage the use of those plastic bags that fly all over many sites.
And here’s the big one—good manners are nearly universal. 40 If that doesn’t sound like you, then give the world a break and stay home.
A. Experience the place.
B. Always have a cloth bag with you.
C. Read up on the places you want to visit.
D. Try to buy something from the local stores.
E. A good tourist is polite, positive and eco-sensitive.
F. We’ve cleaned up after ourselves and taken only good memories.
G .If we are good tourists, wherever we go, we try to make it a little better because of our visit.
【答案】GCABE
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了在旅游时怎样注意自己的举止，当一名好游客。
36.G[上文提到考虑一下，在你的家乡，你希望游客怎样表现呢？G项(如果我们是好游客，无论走到哪，我们都会尽力使当地因为我们的到访而变得更好一点)回答了上文提出的问题。]
37.C[根据上下文可知，在去某地旅游之前，我们要做好功课，弄清楚该地是否值得一游。因此，C项(仔细研究你想去旅游的地方)符合语境。]
38.A[根据下文可知，作者建议我们旅游时不要在下榻的旅馆就餐，而要到当地的餐馆中吃饭，学习并使用一些当地的语言。因此，A项(亲身体验这个地方)能概括本段主旨。]
39.B[下一句提到：这样，你就不会使景点到处飘塑料袋。因此，B项(一直随身带着布包)与下一句语意相接，其中的a cloth bag与下一句中的plastic bags相呼应。]
40.E[根据上一句可知，无论去哪旅游，我们都要有良好的举止，因此E项(好游客是有礼貌的、积极的、注重环保的)符合语境，其中的polite，positive and eco-sensitive与上一句中的good manners相呼应。]
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Section
E
：
完形填空
)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
As a man was passing the elephants, he suddenly stopped, ____41____ by the fact that these large creatures were being held by only a small rope____42____ to their front leg. No chains, no cages. It was____43____ that the elephants could, at anytime ____44____ their ropes. For some reason, they did not, ____45____.
He saw a trainer nearby, and asked why these animals just stood there and made no___46__ to get away. “Well,” the trainer said, “when they are very young and much smaller, we use the same____47____ rope to tie them and, at that age, it’s enough to____48____ them. As they grow up, they are____49____ to believing they cannot break away. They believe the rope and still hold them, so they never try to break free.
The man was____50____. These animals could at any time break free from their___51___ but because they believe they couldn't, they were_____52_____ right where they are.
Like the elephants, how many of us_____53_____ hanging onto a(n) _____54_____ that we cannot do something, simply because we failed at it once before
Failure is part of learning; we should never give up the_____55_____ in life.
41. A. disappointed B. annoyed C. depressed D. confused
42. A. related B. referred C. tied D. limited
43. A. necessary B. obvious C. important D. urgent
44. A. break away from B. apply for C. search for D. get away with
45. A. otherwise B. therefore C. instead D. moreover
46. A. difference B. effort C. sense D. response
47. A. quality B. length C. quantity D. size
48. A. hold B. grasp C. seize D. pull
49. A. addicted B. exposed C. used D. devoted
50. A. frightened B. excited C. delighted D. amazed
51. A. rules B. bonds C. habits D. responsibilities
52. A. stuck B. buried C. hidden D. involved
53. A. work out B. go through C. look through D. care about
54. A. proposal B. attitude C. virtue D. belief
55. A. choice B. opportunity C. struggle D. dream
【答案】
41. D 42. C 43. B 44. A 45. C 46. B 47. D 48. A 49. C 50. D 51. B 52. A 53. B 54. D 55. C
【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述一个人看见一群大象被一个小绳子拴住，但却没有挣脱，于是他向驯兽师询问原因，驯兽师告诉他这群大象从小就这样被拴着，所以它们一直认为它们没法挣脱，进而悟出一个道理就是人们不能因为一次失败就放弃斗争，因为失败也是学习的一部分，我们要继续斗争，才会走出束缚。
【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当一名男子经过大象群时，他突然停了下来，他被这些庞然大物仅仅被一根小绳子绑在它们的前腿上的事实弄糊涂了。A. disappointed使失望；B. annoyed使烦恼；C. depressed使愁苦；D. confused使困惑。根据下文“No chains, no cages. It was__43__ that the elephants could, at anytime __44___ their ropes. For some reason, they did not”因为大象很容易挣脱绳子，不受控制，但是它们没有，所以让这名男子很困惑，故选D。
【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当一名男子经过大象群时，他突然停了下来，他被这些庞然大物仅仅被一根小绳子绑在它们的前腿上的事实弄糊涂了。A. related涉及；B. referred提及；C. tied拴，捆；D. limited限制。根据下文“by only a small rope”，可知是用一个小绳子拴在前腿上，故选C。
【43题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很明显，大象随时都能挣脱绳索。A. necessary必要的；B. obvious显然的；C. important重要的；D. urgent紧急的。根据上文“No chains, no cages.”，可知大象很容易挣脱绳索，所以应该是明显的，故选B。
【44题详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意：很明显，大象随时都能挣脱绳索。A. break away from脱离；B. apply for申请；C. search for寻找；D. get away with侥幸成功。根据上文“No chains, no cages.”，可知大象很容易挣脱绳索，故选A。
【45题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：由于某种原因，反而，他们没有这样做。A. otherwise否则；B. therefore因此；C. instead反而；D. moreover此外。根据上文“they did not”，可知它们并没有挣脱绳子，所以应该是“反而”符合语境，故选C。
【46题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他看到附近有一个驯兽师，就问为什么这些动物只是站在那里，不努力逃跑。A. difference不同；B. effort努力；C. sense感觉；D. response反应。根据上文“why these animals just stood there”，可知应该是为什么不努力逃跑，故选B。
【47题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“嗯，”驯兽师说，“在它们还很小的时候，我们用同样尺寸的绳子拴住它们，在那个年龄，这条绳子足以拴住它们。A. quality质量；B. length长度；C. quantity数量；D. size尺寸。根据前面的“the same”，可知是相同大小的绳子。
【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“嗯，”驯兽师说，“在它们还很小的时候，我们用同样尺寸的绳子拴住它们，在那个年龄，这条绳子足以拴住它们。A. hold控制；B. grasp抓住；C. seize夺取；D. pull拉。根据上文“when they are very young and much smaller, we use the same___47___ rope to tie them and, at that age”，可知因为那时候大象还很小，所以那个绳子是可以拴住它们的，故选A。
【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析和固定短语。句意：随着年龄的增长，他们习惯了认为自己无法脱身。A. addicted上瘾；B. exposed暴露；C. used使用；D. devoted奉献。短语be used to，意为“习惯于”，根据句意和语境，故选C。
【50题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那人很惊讶。A. frightened害怕的；B. excited激动的；C. delighted高兴的；D. amazed惊讶的。根据上文“They believe the rope and still hold them, so they never try to break free.”，由此可知，大象们长大后仍然认为这个绳子可以拴住它们，这应该是让人感到惊讶，故选D。
【51题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些动物可以在任何时候从它们的束缚中挣脱出来，但是因为它们相信自己做不到，所以它们被困在了那里。A. rules规则；B. bonds束缚；C. habits习惯；D. responsibilities责任。根据上文大象被绳子拴住，可知应该是从束缚中挣脱，故选B。
【52题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些动物可以在任何时候从它们的束缚中挣脱出来，但是因为它们相信自己做不到，所以它们被困在了那里。A. stuck固定不动；B. buried埋藏；C. hidden隐藏；D. involved包含。根据上文“because they believe they couldn't”，所以它们就被困在了那里，故选A。
【53题详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意：就像大象一样，我们中有多少人坚持认为我们不能做某事，仅仅是因为我们曾经失败过一次 A. work out解决；B. go through经历，度过；C. look through浏览；D. care about关心。根据下文“that we cannot do something, simply because we failed at it once before ”，可知是他们一直这样认为，坚持这个信念，go through符合语境。
【54题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像大象一样，我们中有多少人坚持认为我们不能做某事，仅仅是因为我们曾经失败过一次 A. proposal提议；B. attitude态度；C. virtue美德；D. belief信念。根据下文“that we cannot do something, simply because we failed at it once before ”，可知是他们一直这样认为，一直坚持这个信念，故选D。
【55题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：失败是学习的一部分；我们在生活中不应该放弃奋斗。A. choice选择；B. opportunity机会；C. struggle斗争；D. dream梦想。根据上文“Failure is part of learning”，我们不能因为一次失败就放弃奋斗，故选C。
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