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2022届高考英语阅读理解专项训练：植物
一、阅读理解-阅读选择（共20小题；共162分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Sunflowers are easy and fun to plant, and they'll bring bees and songbirds to your garden. Plus, you can later harvest and roast (烤) the seeds from the heads, or cut the flowers to create beautiful bouquets (花束) for your home. Sunflowers grow best during long, hot summers. Here are some tips for planting and growing sunflowers.
Decide which kind you'd like to plant
The traditional tall, yellow sunflower is an attractive addition to any garden. But you can also find several other colors, from pale yellow to bright orange. There are single and double blooms, and sunflowers with single and many heads. You can get tiny sunflowers, or giant sunflowers that can grow to 4.5 meters tall.
Pick a sunny place
Sunflowers need 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight daily.
Prepare the soil
Dig the soil to a depth of 20-30 centimeters. Mix in organic matter, then rake (耙) the area smooth. Remove any rocks and garden remains.
Plant the seeds properly
In general, you should plant sunflower seeds about one centimeter deep. Read the instructions on the seed packets to confirm seed depth and spacing for the kind you are planting. Cover the seeds with soil and water them thoroughly (彻底地).
_____
You'll know the seeds are ready for harvest when the bracts (苞叶) begin to dry. Hang the heads upside down until they're fully dry in a place that's safe from birds and animals. If you want to use the flowers in indoor bouquets, cut the main stem (茎) early in the morning before its flower bud fully opens to encourage side blooms. Arrange the sunflowers in tall containers and water them daily.
1. The main purpose of the text is to _____.
A.call on people to plant sunflowers
B.offer advice on how to grow sunflowers
C.introduce different kinds of sunflowers
D.tell readers how to choose sunflower seeds
2. Which of the following is the advantage of planting sunflowers
a. You can roast sunflower seeds later.
b. You can have fresher air to breathe.
c. You can invite songbirds to your garden.
d. You can decorate your house with beautiful bouquets.
A.abc B.abd C.acd D.bcd
3. Which of the following can be put in the blank in the text
A.Water the seeds properly
B.Harvest the seeds and flowers
C.Use the right kind of containers
D.Leave enough space for sunflowers
4. It can be inferred from the text that the author _____.
A.has a big garden of his own
B.has a book on sunflowers published
C.has a lot of sunflower seeds to sell
D.has a good knowledge of sunflowers
阅读选择
Eleven-year-old Evan Green doesn't want to save just one tree—he wants to save a whole rainforest!
In the Redwood City, Calif, a boy started a group called the Red Dragon Conservation Team four years ago to do just that. So far, the team's members have raised $4,500. That's enough to purchase and protect more than 16 acres of rainforest in Costa Rica through the Center for Ecosystem survival.
Every year, thousands of square miles of rainforest are destroyed worldwide. Logging and farming are mostly likely to blame, scientists say. The loss is terrible news for animals and people. Even though rainforests cover less than 2 percent of the earth, they are home to half the world's plants and animals. Rainforests also provide water and help control the earth's climate.
Evan's work to save the rainforests recently earned him a Barron prize for Young Heroes. The prizes are given to children or teenagers who have made a positive difference in the world. Evan's goal is "to save enough rainforests to last forever". He won't have to do it alone. His actions have already inspired other kids to chip in. One girl asked for donations instead of presents on her birthday. She raised $850. Other kids are starting their own conservation teams.
Evan says everyone can help the planet—even by taking small steps such as recycling. He and his family try to make a difference every day. "We recycle, we try to limit our garbage… we've been walking a little more, and we buy local food," Evan said.
5. Evan started the group _____.
A.to help the poor B.to make himself well-known
C.to win the Barron prize D.to save the rainforest
6. How much does it cost to buy and protect an acre of rainforest in Costa Rica
A.About $4,500. B.About $850. C.About $1000. D.About $280.
7. What Evan said in the last paragraph suggests that _____.
A.actions speak louder than words
B.we can all do something to protect the earth
C.we should learn to recycle from now on
D.a good beginning makes a good ending
8. What would be the best title for the passage
A.Evan Green—a famous teenager
B.The Red Dragon Conservation Team
C.Boy gathers support for rainforests
D.Rainforests are being destroyed
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。
A food chain is a simple way of explaining how each living thing gets its food. For example, a simple African food chain might consist of three parts: first, trees and bushes; second, giraffes; and third, lions. Each link in a food chain is food for the next link. Food chains always start with plants and end with animals.
Plants are at the bottom of the food chain. Scientists call them producers, because they use light energy from the sun to produce food from carbon dioxide and water through photosynthesis (光合作用). Animals, unlike plants, can't produce their own food. Instead, they must eat plants or other animals. This is why scientists call them consumers.
Consumer animals fall into three categories. Herbivores (食草动物) eat only plants. Carnivores (食肉动物) eat only other animals. Omnivores eat both plants and animals. In addition to producers and consumers, there are also decomposers (分解者). These organisms, such as bacteria and fungi, feed on decaying (腐烂) matter. They help the food chain by speeding up the decaying process that releases minerals back into the soil to be absorbed by plants as nutrients.
Most food chains have only four or five links in them. As you go up a food chain, the amount of energy at each level diminishes, because some of the energy is lost in the form of waste or is used up by the organism at the level. That is why it takes many plants, for example, to feed a few giraffes who in turn feed one lion.
Most animals are part of many different food chains, because they must eat more than one type of food to satisfy their energy needs. All of these interconnected food chains form a more complex structure called a food web. Humans, for example, are at the center of a very complex food web, because we tend to eat many different types of plants and animals.
9.Which of the following tells us the African food chain
A.Trees, giraffes and lions live on one another.
B.Giraffes eat lions and lions feed on bushes.
C.Lions live on giraffes and giraffes eat trees.
D.Bushes live on lions and lions eat giraffes.
10.In the second paragraph, the author is mainly to _____.
A.emphasize the importance of the plants
B.compare the plants and the animals
C.present the scientists' different views
D.explain the producers and consumers
11.The underlined word "diminishes" (in Paragraph 4) probably means _____.
A.changes B.decreases C.disappears D.increases
12.Those that may lie in the center of the food chain are _____.
A.omnivores B.decomposers C.herbivores D.carnivores
13.What would be the best title for this passage
A.The Types of Plants and Animals
B.The Differences among the Living Things
C.Three Categories of the Consumers
D.The Food Chain in the Natural World
Some plants get so hungry that they eat flies, and even small frogs. What's more amazing is that these plants occur naturally (in special environments) in every state. In fact, they're found on every continent except Antarctica.
You've probably seen a Venus' flytrap—a small plant, which grows 6 to 8 inches tall in a container. At the end of its stalks (莲) are leaves that act like traps. Inside each trap is a lining of tiny hairs. When an insect lands on them, the traps suddenly shut. Over the course of a week or so, the plant feeds on its catch.
The Venus' flytrap is just one of more than 500 species of meat-eating plants, says Barry Meyers-Rice, the editor of the International Carnivorous Plant Society's Newsletter. He states although you might have read some science-fiction stories, no meat-eating plant does any danger to humans.
Barry says a plant is meat-eating, only if it does all font of the following:"attract, kill, digest, and absorb" some form of insects. Meat-eating plants look and act like other green plants—well most of the time.
All green plants make sugar to produce food. What makes meat-eating plants different is their special leaves, which need insects for one reason: nitrogen. Nitrogen is a nutrient that they can't obtain any other way. Why
Almost all green plants on our planet get nitrogen from the soil. Meat-eating plants can't. They live in places where nutrients are hard to get from the soil because of its acidity. So they've come to rely on getting nitrogen from insects and small animals. In fact, nutrient-rich soil is poisonous to meat-eating plants. Never fertilize them! But don't worry, either, if they never seem to catch any insects. They can survive, but they'll grow very slowly.
14. According to the passage, a Venus' flytrap _____.
A.is a small plant which grows in a container
B.is a kind of plant which gets hungry easily
C.can trap and feed on some form of insects
D.can only grow 6-8 inches tall
15. From the passage we can infer that _____.
A.meat-eating plants are found nowhere else except Antarctica
B.all green plants get nitrogen from the soil
C.the nutrient-poor soil is beneficial to meat-eating plants
D.meat-eating plants endanger humans in science-fiction stories
16. Meat-eating plants grow very slowly, _____.
A.because it's hard for plants to get nutrients in the soil when acidity is high.
B.simply because they can't absorb nitrogen from the soil
C.so you'd better fertilize them
D.because green plants make sugar at night.
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。
The health of millions could be at risk because supplies of medicinal plants are being used up. These plants are used to make traditional medicine, including drugs to fight cancer. "The loss of medicinal plants is a quiet disaster," says Sara Oldfield, secretary general of the NGO Botanic Gardens Conservation International.
Most people worldwide rely on herbal (药草制的) medicines which are got mostly from wild plants. But some 15,000 of the 50,000 medicinal species are under threat of dying out, according to report from the international conservation group Plantlife. Shortages have been reported in China, India, Kenya, Nepal, Tanzania and Uganda.
Over-harvesting does the most harm, though pollution and competition from invasive species (入侵物种) and habitat destruction all contribute. "Businessmen generally harvest medicinal plants, not caring about sustainability (可持续性)," the Plantlife report says, "damage is serious partly because they have no idea about it, but it is mainly because such collection is unorganized." Medicinal trees at risk include the Himalayan yew (紫衫) and the African cherry, which are used to treat some cancers.
The solution, says the report's author, Alan Hamilton, is to encourage local people to protect these plants. Ten projects studied by Plantlife in India, Pakistan, China, Nepal, Uganda and Kenya showed this method can succeed. In Uganda, the project has kept a sustainable supply of low-cost cancer treatments, and in China a public-run medicinal plant project has been created for the first time."
"Improving health, earning an income and keeping cultural traditions are important in encouraging people to protect medicinal plants," says Hamilton, "You have to pay attention to what people are interested in."
Ghillean Prance, the former director of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew in London, agrees that medicinal plants are in need of protection. "Not nearly enough is being done," he told New Scientist. "We are destroying the very plants that are of most use to us."
17. From the first two paragraphs, we can learn that _____.
A.millions of people are threatened with cancer
B.most countries see a shortage of herbal medicines
C.about two thirds of medicinal species will disappear
D.a number of medicinal species are in danger of extinction
18. The major factor that causes the decreasing of supplies of medicinal plants is _____.
A.pollution B.habitat destruction
C.over-harvesting D.invasive species
19. The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refers to _____.
A.over-harvesting B.sustainability
C.other species' invasion D.pollution
20. What can be inferred from the passage
A.Protecting medicinal plants has a long way to go.
B.Ghillean Prance is optimistic about medicinal plants' future.
C.Local people don't know how to protect medicinal plants.
D.China has made great progress in protecting medicinal plants.
21. Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A.Low-cost Cancer Treatment
B.The Importance of Sustainability
C.Medicinal Plants on Verge of Extinction
D.Sustainable Development of the Environment
Air pollution is getting more and more serious in many places around the world. The fact that public parks in cities become crowded proves that people long to breathe in green, open spaces. And, in these surroundings, they are generally both peaceful and peaceable. It is rare to see people being at odds or even fighting in a garden. It seems to be proved that if human beings can freely breathe and share air, there is no primary reason for them to struggle with one another.
But do we only sense what life could be when we enjoy green spaces
The plant world silently shows us what a reflection of life truthfully is. It also helps us to a new beginning, urging us to care for our breath. We must, in turn, care for it, opposing any sort of pollution that destroys both our world and that of plants. The interdependence to which we must pay the closest attention is what exists between ourselves and the plant world. Often described as "the lungs of the planet", the woods that cover the earth offer us the gift of breathable air by releasing oxygen. But their capacity to renew the air polluted by industry has long reached its limit. If we continue to pollute the air by filling it with chemicals and destroy the ability of plants to restore it we will soon pull our world into an unavoidable disaster.
Humans must learn to share life, both with each other and with plants. This task can be carried out only when each takes it upon her—or himself—and only when all work together. The lesson taught by plants is that human life can only exist with nature. We must come to view the air, the plants and ourselves as the contributors to the protection of life and growth, rather than productive objects we can use and throw away freely. Perhaps then we would finally begin to live, rather than merely survive.
22. What does the underlined part "being at odds" mean
A.relaxing B.exercising C.conflicting D.hurrying
23. According to the first paragraph, what does the author suppose might be the primary reason that people would struggle with each other
A.To get their share of clean air.
B.To pursue a comfortable life.
C.To gain a higher social status.
D.To seek economic benefits.
24. What does the author try to draw our closest attention to
A.The massive burning of fossil fuels.
B.Our relationship to the plant world.
C.The capacity of plants to renew polluted air.
D.Large-scale deforestation across the world.
25. How can human beings achieve the goal of protecting the planet, according to the author
A.By showing respect for plants.
B.By preserving all forms of life.
C.By consuming all natural resources.
D.By all making their efforts together.
26. What does the author suggest we do in order to not just survive, but live better
A.Expand the range of living. B.Develop nature's potentials.
C.Share life with nature. D.Explore new resources.
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
E
Even if trees cannot walk, they are still on the move.
In parts of the Arctic (北极), entire (整个的) forests are moving northward. Across the Arctic, temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world. As that happens, the tree line that marks where forests stop and the treeless tundra (冻土地带) starts has been shifting northward. Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind. To do this, plants tend to grow horizontal (水平的) branches low to the ground. The energy it takes for trees to grow this way means they don't have enough energy to make seeds.
But as Earth's climate has been warming, trees no longer have to just grow horizontally. Many can instead grow up toward the sky. This takes less energy. And with all the leftover energy, these trees have started producing more seeds. This happens especially in places where the white spruce (白云杉) grows.
White spruce, which is a North American tree, is quite able to produce a lot of seeds, which can move long distances in the wind. When wind-blown seeds end up on the tundra beyond the tree line, they eventually can sprout (发芽) new trees. This explains how a forest can move. Of course, the process would work only if the tundra were warm enough. But in recent years, the whole planet has been warming.
New trees will provide shelters for some snow, keeping the sun's rays from making the white surface disappear. Instead, the trees absorb the sun's heat. This warms the surrounding air. The extra warmth encourages even more trees to produce seeds. That further boosts a forest's ability to expand. In addition, more trees will trap more snow, preventing much of it from being blown away. Snow can trap heat in the soil below, which encourages trees to grow. The recent rise of temperature has helped more trees grow. The recent rise of temperatures has helped more trees grow past the tree line. People worry about impacts (影响) on the animals that depend on frozen (结冰的) conditions for food and shelter.
27.What is the main cause of the trees in the Arctic moving northward
A.The rising temperature.
B.The shrinking of northern tundra.
C.The fierce and cold wind.
D.The abundant resources in the north.
28.What does the underlined word "this" in Paragraph 2 mean
A.To produce more seeds.
B.To move northward.
C.To respond to the climate change.
D.To protect themselves from the cold wind.
29.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.New trees can trap the snow, which may make the soil colder.
B.The trapped snow prevents new trees from producing more seeds.
C.New trees can make the surrounding air warmer.
D.New trees can bring more food and shelter for local animals.
30.The passage is most probably taken from _____.
A.a health report B.a science report
C.a fashion magazine D.a children's magazine
A
Trees are useful to men in three important ways: they give them with wood and other products, they give them shade, and they help to prevent drought (干旱) and floods (水灾).
Unfortunately, in many parts of the world, men have not known that the third of these services is the most important. In their eagerness (渴望) of making money from trees, some people have cut trees down in large numbers, only to find that without them they have lost the best friends they had. And besides, they are usually too careless to plant and look after new trees, so the forests slowly become smaller and smaller.
This does not only mean that men will have fewer trees. The results are even more serious: for where there are trees, their roots break up soil—allowing the rain to sink in—and also bind (固定) the soil, thus preventing it from being washed away easily, but where there are no trees, the rain falls on hard ground and flows away, causing floods and carrying away the rich top-soil (地表土). When all the top-soil is gone, nothing remains but desert.
31.The most important service of trees to men is _____.
A.they help them to make money
B.they help them to prevent drought and floods
C.they give them shade and cool
D.they give them wood and other products
32.In many places forests slowly disappear because _____.
A.many trees have been cut down
B.new trees are not well looked after
C.men have not paid enough attention to planting trees
D.All of the above
33.Some people cut down a large number of trees because _____.
A.they were eager to get wood from them
B.they were eager to make money from them
C.they didn't realize the importance of them
D.Both B and C
34.Which of the following is NOT true
A.Trees can prevent drought and floods.
B.Tree roots can break up soil.
C.Tree roots can make the top-soil rich and the ground hard.
D.Trees can make the rain sink into ground.
Animals can move from place to place, but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means.
Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines (刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.
Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animal's teeth.
Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals. When a caterpillar (毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.
Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China, for instance, has prickly (多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom (毒液). A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.
35. The holly plant has more spines on the lower leaves because most animals _____.
A.are not tall enough
B.like the lower leaves only
C.are not clever enough
D.can get the lower leaves easily
36. To defend themselves，oak trees use _____.
A.chemical means B.physical means
C.bitter chemicals D.sandy materials
37. How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar _____
A.Its leaves fight against the attack by physical means.
B.Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.
C.Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.
D.Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away.
38. What would be the best title for this passage _____
A.Plants and Animals. B.How Plants Defend Themselves.
C.Attacks and Defenses. D.How Animals Eat Plant Leaves.
In the near future, we will not ace some of the most wonderful sits on Earth!
The Great Barrier Reef—Rising air temperatures will cause sea temperatures to rise as well. All life supported by the oceans will be affected with this shock to their ecosystem. Coral are some of the most vulnerable marine animals and we are already watching whole reefs disappear. The Great Barrier Reef in Australia is no exception and will continue to shrink as the temperatures rise! These reefs are some of the best in the world for diving, but they will soon disappear!
Venice—Sprawling across (横跨) hundreds of small islands in Northeast Italy. Venice is at extreme risk of sinking into the Adriatic Sea Rising Sea. Rising sea levels are fact a serious threat to many coastal cities located at sea level. Lucky for us, however, Venice is developing a series of sea walls to protect the city in times of high tide.
Glacier (冰川) National Park—Glacier National Park was once covered by over 150 glaciers, but by 2005 it only had about 27! Located in Montana, Canada, this park is over a million acres and has a huge plant and wildlife population. As temperatures rise, the glaciers and ice melt, which will upset the ecosystems sustaining over a thousand plant species and hundreds of animals.
The Amazon—The cause behind the disappearance of these fantastic places ultimately comes down to humans, our expansion usually requires cutting down forests for land, fuel and materials, but rarely considers the consequences. These forests are sources of food and medicine for just about everyone on the planet!
What will happen if we lose these valuable places and beautiful destinations
39. According to the text, what is causing coral's death
A.Rising sea temperatures.
B.Human's diving activities.
C.Rising sea levels.
D.The shrinkage of their habitats.
40. What can we infer from the part of "Venice"
A.Venice is the only coastal city of Italy.
B.Italy consists of hundreds of small islands in the Adriatic Sea.
C.Venice will never sink because of the protection of sea walls.
D.Many places are in the risk of sinking below the sea level.
41. What can we learn about Glacier National Park from the text
A.Plant species and animals in it have died out.
B.It is covered by over 150 glaciers.
C.It covers a large area in Montana.
D.It doesn't support any living thing for its cold.
42. Which site's shrinking reason differs from the other sites
A.The Great Barrier Reef B.Venice
C.The Amazon D.Glacier National Park
Without plant, people could not live. We eat plants. We breathe the oxygen (氧气) that plants produce. And we need plants for another reason: we need them for their beauty.
Imagine a world with no plants. Imagine no flowers with their sweet smells, their beautiful colors and their lovely shapes. Imagine when the wind blows, not being able to hear the leaves in the trees or watch the branches sway (摇摆) from side to side.
Everywhere people need the beauty of plants. That is why we have parks full of trees and flowers. That is why people always try to design houses with room for some grass and a garden.
Do you talk to your plants Do you give them love and attention
Peter Tompkins and Christopher Bird, writers of a book called THE SECRET LIFE OF PLANTS, tell of an experiment in which two seeds were planted in different places. While the plants were growing, one plant was given love and hopeful ideas. The other plant was given only hopeless ideas. After six months, the loved plant was bigger. Under the earth, it had more and longer roots; above the earth, it had a thicker stem (茎) and more leaves.
43. According to the passage, which of the following is right
A.If there are no flowers, there will be no sweet smells.
B.Without plants, we can't hear the wind.
C.We plant trees to watch the branches sway from side to side.
D.We need plants not only for food and oxygen but also for their beauty.
44. In the experiment, the plants were _____.
A.talked to in two different ways
B.of different kinds
C.both given love and attention
D.grown in the same place
45. At the end of six months, _____.
A.the plants were of the same size
B.one plant had longer roots while the other had a thicker stem
C.one plant had longer roots than the other and had a thicker stem
D.one plant had a thicker stem while the other plant had more leaves
46. The experiment has proved (证明) that _____.
A.without plants people could not live
B.we should talk to plants and give them love
C.we should grow as many plants as possible
D.plants need plenty of water, sunshine and attention
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
It's not often a tomato is described as so sweet "whenever people see it they just want to hug it"—but this was no ordinary (普通的) piece of fruit.
The heart-shaped (心形) tomato was grown by the retired worker, Rod Matless, who said he was surprised when he noticed it in his field. Mr. Matless, 69, who had a heart attack (心脏病) a few years ago, was so taken aback by the fruit that he decided to sell it and donate (捐赠) the money to the British Heart Foundation. The 64g tomato was bought for ￡16 on eBay by a woman from Wales—who said she planned to give it to someone special.
Mr. Matless, of Wymondham, near Norwich, said: "I spent a couple of days thinking about what to do with it and I wasn't really sure, but this seems like a good use. I hope it will do someone somewhere a bit of good". He added: "It's very sweet—whenever people see it they just want to hug it." But with the tomato's freshness a key factor (因素), Mr. Matless was up against the clock to send it to its new owner before it went bad. He said: "I didn't want to send someone something horrible (特别糟糕的). I probably could have raised a bit more money with more time but I was worried about it."
"It will certainly make a nice present for a loved one. I hope that they like it and I'm glad I got to help. It's all been very good fun and I've really enjoyed growing this very special tomato."
47. We can learn from the text that the tomato grown by Rod Matless _____.
A.is very big B.is very sweet
C.is very special D.is good for health
48. The underlined part "taken aback by" in Paragraph 2 means _____.
A.happy about B.nervous about C.surprised by D.frightened by
49. According to the text, the main problem for Rod Matless was _____.
A.how to advertise the tomato
B.how to keep the tomato fresh
C.how to get a good price for the tomato
D.how to find a good owner for the tomato
I live in a second-floor flat with an ancient tree right on the corner of the house. House and tree have been here, side by side, for well over a century. No one really knows how old the tree is, but it was already there when builders started on the house at the beginning of the 1900s.
It was still rather young and flexible back then, so it easily welcomed the new structure into its path. It bent and adjusted itself to make room, and to find the space to grow big and strong and wise. Which means that some hundred years later, the solid, strong branches of the tree reach around two full sides of my home. It's covered in moss (苔藓), which is, in turn, crawling with all sorts of insects. I have never seen the insects, by the way, I just know that they're there because of all the birds trying to pick them out. They are always hopping around, looking for this and that and singing songs.
I feel like I have become part of the ecosystem. When I'm eating breakfast or making dinner in the kitchen, I can look out and see a bird hopping around skillfully, gathering its own meal while I tend to mine. When I' m sitting in the living room, reading or drinking tea, I can suddenly find myself face to face with another bird. We'll be staring at each other and, after some time, decide we can both carry on with our business. Living side by side. Even as I write this—the large windows open to a lovely, soft evening—a white feather comes floating down by my side. Probably from one of the resident pigeons.
As I don't have the luxury of a garden, this tree makes me feel connected to the outdoors. Such an ancient tree, a tree that is itself home to many other creatures—that feels different. It is as if it has adopted me and made me a part of its world, without ever asking for something in return. But if needs be, I know that it can count on me and I will protect it with all my strength.
50. The flat the author lives in is _____.
A.built in an ancient tree B.hugged by a giant tree
C.decorated with branches D.surrounded by a garden
51. In the author's description, she implies that _____.
A.birds keep her warm company
B.she has been living on tree products
C.moss makes her flat nice and cool
D.she has been bothered by the insects
52. What does the author really treasure
A.A close-to-nature life. B.A luxurious garden.
C.A spacious house. D.A sociable neighbor.
53. Which of the following can be used to express the author's feeling
A.Jealous. B.Inferior. C.Content. D.Passionate.
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Young sunflowers turn and swing every day. New findings add to evidence that the plants are animal-like.
Harmer, a professor in the University of California at Davis' Department of Plant Biology, carried out a series of experiments on sunflowers in the field, in pots outdoors and in indoor growth chambers.
By staking plants so that they could not move, Harmer showed that he could destroy their ability to track the sun. He also noticed that sunflowers prevented from moving were not as tough and leafy as those that were free to move. When plants were moved indoor with a settled overhead light, they continued to swing back and forth for a few days.
The indoor plants did start tracking the "sun" again when the apparent source of lighting was moved across the room. The plants could reliably track the movement and return at night when the artificial day was close to a 24-hour cycle, but not when it was closer to 30 hours.
When sunflowers track the sun, the east sides of their stems grew more rapidly than the west sides. At night, the west sides grew faster as the stem swung the other way. The team identified a number of genes that were expressed at higher levels on the sunward side of the plant during the day, or on the other side at night. A plant growth-regulating hormone, called auxin, appears to be a key driver.
The "dance" to the sun cycle obviously slows when the sunflower matures and its flowers open up. At that point, the plants stop moving during the day and settle down facing the sun in the east.
"Bees like warm flowers." Harmer said, adding that the bees are cold-blooded, so landing on a warm flower saves them energy and perhaps feels really good.
"The morning warmth changes the flowers in a way to make them more appealing to insects, perhaps causing them to release more attractive scents earlier in the day." he said. "We're currently testing this idea."
54. Why did Harmer do the experiment on sunflowers
A.To see how sunflowers grow up.
B.To show what sunflowers' genes are.
C.To study why sunflowers track the sun.
D.To check if sunflowers swing in cloudy days.
55. What does the underlined word "staking" (Par 3) probably mean in
A.Tracking. B.Fastening. C.Preserving. D.Presenting.
56. What is the result of sunflowers being stopped from moving
A.They won't grow well.
B.They will grow faster than usual.
C.They won't swing back though set free.
D.They will produce a number of new genes.
57. What would happen to the sunflowers if they became fully grown
A.They would swing as usual.
B.They would move back and forth.
C.They would stop turning.
D.They would track the sun.
58. Bees are fond of dancing _____.
A.on cold sunflowers B.in the circle of flowers
C.on warm sunflowers D.on the mature sunflowers
阅读短文，选出最佳选项
When my sister Martie told me she had put out tomato plants last summer, I was quite impressed.
She was a garden-beginner. Once they were planted, she tended to them daily, anxiously awaiting the juicy tomatoes to appear. But, day after day, her plants were tomato-less while all of her neighbors who had also put out tomato plants were already enjoying the fruit of their labor.
Frustrated, Martie gave in and went to the market to search fresh tomatoes. While paying, Martie told the farmer her troubles. The farmer paused to think for a moment and then asked, "Well, what kind of tomatoes did you plant "
"I think they were called Big Boy," Martie remembered.
"Well there's your problem," the farmer explained. "Big Boy and Better Boy tomatoes have a 95 day growing period whereas regular tomato plants produce fruit in as few as 70 days… you just have to wait a little longer for the Big Boys."
With that new knowledge, Martie went home with excitement, knowing they would be worth the wait.
Thinking about my sister's gardening experience, I had to smile. She just didn't know that Big Boy tomatoes took longer—neither did I—but once she discovered that information, she was no longer discouraged and upset about the lack of tomatoes on her plants. Instead, she was encouraged and excited to see them a few weeks later.
It makes me wonder how many of us have "Big Boy" dreams in our hearts, yet we just don't realize that they are of the "Big Boy" variety so we are discouraged and worn out with the waiting process. Instead of waiting with excitement, we give up on our dreams and figure we must have done something wrong to stop them from coming to pass. Frustrated, we see other people's dreams coming true, and we wonder why ours haven't yet been achieved.
59. Why did Martie's tomato plants fail to produce at the expected time
A.Because they were destroyed by her neighbors.
B.Because she grew the wrong kind tomatoes.
C.Because she didn't manage the garden well.
D.Because they required more time to produce.
60. What does the author compare tomatoes to in the text
A.Goals. B.Experiences. C.Time. D.Imagination.
61. What does the text intend to show us
A.It's better late than never.
B.A bad beginning makes a bad ending.
C.Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.
D.A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn't sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.
Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. It's a plant's way of crying out. But is anyone listening Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbors react.
Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.
In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.
Does this mean that plants talk to each other Scientists don't know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to "overhear" the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn't a true, intentional back and forth.
Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There's a whole lot going on.
62. What does a plant do when it is under attack
A.It makes noises.
B.It gets help from other plants.
C.It stands quietly.
D.It sends out certain chemicals.
63. What does the author mean by "the tables are turned" in paragraph 3
A.The attackers get attacked.
B.The insects gather under the table.
C.The plants get ready to fight back.
D.The perfumes attract natural enemies.
64. Scientists find from their studies that plants can _____.
A.predict natural disasters
B.protect themselves against insects
C.talk to one another intentionally
D.help their neighbors when necessary
65. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.The word is changing faster than ever.
B.People have stronger senses than before.
C.The world is more complex than it seems.
D.People in Darwin's time were more imaginative.
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
People have been using herbs and spices (香料) for thousands of years. Generally, herbs mainly come from green leaves of plants or vegetables and spices come from other parts of plants.
Some of them are valued for their taste. They help to sharpen the taste of many foods. Others are chosen for their smell. Still others are used traditionally for health reasons.
Some herbs and spices may be gaining importance in modem medicine.
For example, red peppers are good for people's health. Most red peppers contain capsaicin (辣椒素). Studies have shown that capsaicin can reduce hunger and burn calories. This could be especially true for people who do not usually add spices to their food.
Another example is about the spice turmeric (姜黄根粉). In Singapore scientists completed one study about it several years ago. It was based on earlier evidence that turmeric has strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory (消炎的) qualities which can help protect against damage to the body's tissues and other injuries. The scientists said turmeric might reduce evidence of damage in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (早老性痴呆病). For this reason, they designed a study that examined results from a mental performance test of older Asian adults. The study showed those who sometimes ate curry, which contains turmeric, did better on the tests than individuals who rarely or never ate curry.
Some experts provided more evidence that herbs and spices can help people keep healthy. Some spices can reduce salt use for people with health conditions like high blood pressure. They are high in antioxidants. Some antioxidants have qualities that can fight cancer and some may affect blood sugar levels in people with diabetes.
Cooking meat at high temperatures in the open air is many people's favorite. This kind of meat creates a kind of chemical, known as HCAs, which can help cause cancer. But studies have found that adding spices to meat before cooking at high temperatures may reduce harmful chemicals. Other substances, called PAHs, which probably cause cancer, form when animal fat drops onto hot coals.
The fat makes flames from the coals, leaving PAHs on the meat.
Herbs and spices are not used just to lessen harmful chemical effects and make food taste better. Some spices also destroy bacteria. Spices have long been used to keep food safe to eat. In the past, spices also helped to prevent the wasting away of dead bodies.
66. This passage is mainly about _____.
A.how to use herbs and spices
B.the value of herbs and spices
C.the source of herbs and spices
D.how herbs and spices make food more delicious
67. From the fifth paragraph we know that _____.
A.turmeric can cure Alzheimer's disease
B.Alzheimer's disease is caused by tissue damage
C.eating curry can improve one's intelligence
D.it's good for patients with Alzheimer's disease to eat turmeric
68. Which of the following possibly leads to cancer according to this passage
A.HCAs and PAHs. B.Animal fat.
C.Antioxidants. D.Capsaicin.
69. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A.Red peppers can help people lose weight.
B.Some spices can be used as salt in food.
C.Eating too much roast meat will harm people's health.
D.Herbs and spices can come from different parts of the same plant.
Here amid the steel and concrete canyons, green grass grows. A hawthorn tree (山楂树) stands in new soil, and freshly dug plants bend in the wind.
But Chicago City Hall here seems an unlikely spot for a garden of any variety—especially 20,000 square feet of gardens—on its roof.
As one of a handful of similar projects around the country, the garden is part of a $1.5 million demonstration projected by the city to reduce its "urban heat islands", said William Abolt, the commissioner of the Department of Environment.
Heat islands—dark surfaces in the city, like rooftops—soak up heat. The retention (滞留) can bake a building, making it hard to cool down.
The roof of City Hall, a 90-year-old gray stone landmark on LaSalle Street in the heart of downtown, has been known to reach a temperature substantially hotter than the actual temperature on the street below.
The garden will provide greenery and shade. "And that," said the city officials, "will save the city dollars on those hot summer days." The project savings from cooling is about $4,000 a year on a new roof whose life span is about 50 percent longer than that of a traditional roof.
The stretching open-air rooftop garden is being carefully built on a multi-tiered (多层的) bed of special soil, polystyrene (聚苯乙烯), egg-carton-shaped cones and "waterproof membrane (薄膜)" mall to keep the roof from leaking, or caving under the normal combined weight of soil, rain and plant life.
The design calls for soil depths of 4 inches to 18 inches. When the last plants and seedlings are buried and the last bit of soil is laid, the garden will have circular brick stepping-stones winding up to hills.
"The primary focus of what we want to do was to establish this laboratory on the top of City Hall to get people involved and understanding their impact on the environment and how the little things can make an impact on the quality of life, "Mr. Abolt said, adding that the plants also help to clear the air.
Rooftop gardens, in places where concrete jungles have erased plants and trees, are not new, not even in Chicago. Arms of greenery hanging over terraces or growing from rooftops, common in Europe, are becoming more so in the United States as people become increasingly conscious about the environment.
Richard M. Daley, who urged the environmental department to look into the project after noticing rooftop gardens in Hamburg, Germany a few years ago, has praised the garden as the first of its kind on a public building in the country.
It will hold thousands of plants in more than 150 species—wild onion and butterfly weed, sky-blue aster and buffalo grass—to provide data on what species adapt best. Small plants requiring shallow soil depths were chiefly selected.
70. The rooftop garden project _____.
A.is common and popular in the country
B.is a demonstration project and costs the city government 1.5 million dollars
C.will make the ordinary cooling down of the city in summer unnecessary
D.aims at getting people involved and understanding their impact on the environment
71. What can we learn about the City Hall
A.It was built ninety years ago and is the most outstanding feature in the center of the city.
B.It is originally proper to build a garden on the top of the City Hall.
C.The temperature on its top is a little bit lower than that on the street below.
D.It is the first building in America to have a garden on it.
72. Which of the following statements is true
A.Every year, Chicago spends about $4,000 on cooling the city.
B.The design of the garden on the City Hall specially takes into consideration the weight the roof can stand.
C.The Mayor urged the environmental department to look into rooftop gardens in Hamburg and build similar ones in America.
D.Heat islands mainly refer to those dark-colored rooftops which receive and retain heat and will not easily release the heat.
73. The word "substantially" in Paragraph 5 most likely means _____.
A.a little bit B.in fact C.materially D.considerably
If you travel to a new exhibit at the San Francisco Greenhouse of Flowers, you will have a chance to see some meat-eating plants. Take bladderworts, a kind of such plant, for example. They appear so small and grow in a quiet pool. But these are the fastest-known killers of the plant kingdom, able to catch a small insect in 1/50 of a second using a trap ( 陷阱 ) door!
Once the trap door closes on the animal falling into it, the enzymes (酶) similar to those in the human stomach slowly digest the insect. When dinner is over, the plant opens the trap door and is ready for trap again.
Meat-eating plants grow mostly in wet areas with soil that doesn't offer much food value. In such conditions these amazing plants have developed insect traps to get their nutritional (营养的) needs over thousands of years. North America has more such plants than any other continent.
Generally speaking, the traps may have attractive appearance to fool the eye, like pitcher plants, which get their name because they look like beautiful pitchers (a container like a bottle) full of honey.
The Asian pitcher plant, for example, has bright colors and an attractive half-closed cover. Curious insects are attracted to come close and take a drink, then fall down the slippery wall to their deaths.
Some of these pitchers are large enough to hold two gallons (7.5 liters). Meat-eating plants only eat people in science movies, but sometimes a bird or other small animals will discover that a pitcher plant isn't a good place to get a drink.
74. From Paragraph 1, we can know that meat-eating plants can _____.
A.catch 50 small insects in a second
B.catch an insect in a short time
C.be found floating on a quiet lake
D.notice an insect in 1/50 of a second
75. What does it mean if the trap door of a meat-eatingplant is closed
A.The plant is fooling insects into taking a drink.
B.The plant is producing honey.
C.The plant is attracting insects to come close.
D.The plant is enjoying a dinner.
76. Meat-eating plants can grow in wet and poor soil because they _____.
A.can get nutrition from animals
B.don't need much food value
C.can make the most of such conditions
D.have developed digestive enzymes
77. We learn from the text that meat-eating plants _____.
A.are big and tall B.like to grow in dry land
C.look bright and beautiful D.are usually covered with hair
We already know that plants are capable of learning and adapting to their environment, just like any organism. But a new study seems to suggest that plants can do more than just adapt. They can actually make decisions at that.
Perhaps we shouldn't be surprised. Plants might be rooted, but their environments can be complex. In fact, researchers discovered that competition and a dynamic environment are what really pushes plants' decision-making to their limits.
For instance, when competing with competitors for limited sunlight, a plant is faced with having to choose among a number of options. It can attempt to outgrow its neighbors, thus gaining more access to light. It can also attempt to go into a low-light survival mode, if it doesn't consider an arms race to be worthwhile. The plant might also need to determine which way it should grow to best maximize its resources.
"In our study we wanted to learn if plants can choose between these responses and match themselves to the relative size and density (密度) of their opponents," said Michal Gruntman.
In the experiment, whenever plants were presented with tall competitors, they would go into shade-tolerance mode. On the contrary, when plants were surrounded by small, dense vegetation, they would attempt go grow upright. But there were also wise decisions built into each of these situations, too. For instance, plants in shade-tolerance mode would make their leaves thinner and wider to capture as much light as possible relative to the level of their competition.
"Such an ability to choose between different responses according to their outcome could be particularly important in diverse environments, where plants can grow by chance under neighbors with different size, age or density, and should therefore be able to choose their appropriate strategy," said Gruntman.
All of this basically means that scientists are beginning to look more closely at how plants work through their decisions. Obviously plants don't have nervous systems, so more research will be needed to see exactly how these decision-making mechanisms (机能) operate within our plant friends.
78. Why do plants need to make decisions
A.They are far different from other organisms.
B.They know how to adapt to their environment.
C.The environment where they are suited can change.
D.They have the ability of learning about environment.
79. What does the underlined phrase "an arms race" in paragraph 3 mean
A.The attempt to grow.
B.The choice to survive.
C.The way to maximize the resources.
D.The competition for more sunlight.
80. What influences the size and shape of plant leaves
A.How fierce their competition is.
B.Where the plants grow actually.
C.Whether vegetation is dense or not.
D.What small plants they are surrounded with.
81. What is the best title for the text
A.Plants Can Easily Adapt to the Environment
B.Plants Are Capable of Decision-making
C.Plants Can Work like Other Organisms Actually
D.Plants Compete for Sunlight with Each Other
答案
第一部分
1 . B
【解析】
正确答案：B
此题是主旨大意题。由第一段中的“Here are some tips for planting and growing sunflowers.”可知，本文的主旨是就如何种植向日葵给出建议。
2 . C
【解析】
正确答案：C
此题是细节理解题。由第一段可知，a,c,d均为种植向日葵的好处，文中未提及种植向日葵能带来清新的空气。
3 . B
【解析】
正确答案：B
此题是段落大意题。这段落围绕“收获葵花籽和向阳花”展开说明，故用B项作为小标题最为合适。
4 . D
【解析】
正确答案：D
此题是推理判断题。作者能对如何种好向日葵提出建议，可推断出他非常了解向日葵。
5 . D
【解析】
正确答案是D。
此题是细节理解题。根据首段“Eleven-year-old Evan Green doesn't want to save just one tree—he wants to save a whole rainforest!”和第二段的首句“In the Redwood City, Calif, a boy started a group called the Red Dragon Conservation Team four years ago to do just that. ”可知Evan组织团队是为了拯救雨林。
6 . D
【解析】
正确答案是D。
此题是推理判断题。根据第二段的第二、三两句“So far, the team's members have raised $4,500. That's enough to purchase and protect more than 16 acres of rainforest in Costa Rica through the Center for Ecosystem survival.”可知4500美元可以买下以及保护多于16英亩的雨林，那么一英亩大概需要280美元。
7 . B
【解析】
正确答案是B。
此题是推理判断题。由末段的首句“Evan says everyone can help the planet—even by taking small steps such as recycling.”以及Evan所说的话可知，他说的话的意思是每个人都可以尽一份力去保护地球。
8 . C
【解析】
正确答案是C。
此题是文章标题题。此文讲述了一个11岁的男孩Evan组织团队、筹集资金去购买雨林、保护雨林的事迹。故C项作为标题合适。
9 . C
【解析】
正确答案是C。
此题是细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“That is why it takes many plants, for example, to feed a few giraffes who in turn feed one lion.”可知答案。
10 . D
【解析】
正确答案是D。
此题是段落大意题。根据第二段的“Plants are at the bottom of the food chain. Scientists call them producers”及“This is why scientists call them consumers.”可知这一段主要是介绍生产者和消费者的。故选D。
11 . B
【解析】
正确答案是B。
此题是词义猜测题。根据第四段的“because some of the energy is lost in the form of waste or is used up by the organism at the level”可知此处表示能量在减少，decrease 减少，故选B。
12 . C
【解析】
正确答案是C。
此题是推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“That is why it takes many plants, for example, to feed a few giraffes who in turn feed one lion.”可知答案。
13 . D
【解析】
正确答案是D。
此题是文章标题题。本文主要介绍动植物世界里的食物链，故选D。
14 . C
15 . D
16 . A
17 . D
【解析】
正确答案是D。
此题是细节理解题。根据“The health of millions could be at risk because supplies of medicinal plants are being used up. 数百万人的健康可能受到威胁，因为药用植物的供应正在耗尽。”和“But some 15,000 of the 50,000 medicinal species are under threat of dying out, according to report from the international conservation group Plantlife. Shortages have been reported in China, India, Kenya, Nepal, Tanzania and Uganda. 但根据国际保护组织Plantlife的报告，在5万种药用植物中，约有1.5万种正面临灭绝的威胁。据报道，中国、印度、肯尼亚、尼泊尔、坦桑尼亚和乌干达都出现了短缺。”可知，许多药用物种有灭绝的危险。
18 . C
【解析】
正确答案是C。
此题是细节理解题。根据“Over-harvesting does the most harm 过度采伐是最主要的有害因素”可知。
19 . B
【解析】
正确答案是B。
此题是词义猜测题。it指代上文提及的事物。根据“Businessmen generally harvest medicinal plants, not caring about sustainability (可持续性) 商人通常采药用植物，不关心可持续性”和“damage is serious partly because they have no idea about it 破坏之所以严重，部分原因是他们对此一无所知”可知，it指代sustainability。
20 . A
【解析】
正确答案是A。
此题是推理判断题。根据“"Not nearly enough is being done 我们做的还远远不够。”和上文提及的保护药用植物的举措可知，保护药用植物还有很长的路要走。
21 . C
【解析】
正确答案是C。
此题是文章标题题。本文主要讲述药用植物濒临灭绝，提及到了人们对此的一些措施，并且认识到保护药用植物还有很长的路要走。
22 . C
【解析】
正确答案是C。
此题是词义猜测题。根据前一句 “they are generally both peaceful and peaceable”可知，他们是和平的，划线词与并列连词or后的fighting是并列的，表达的是相近的意思，故指很少看到有人起冲突或打架等，猜测"being at odds"的意思为“起冲突”。
23 . A
【解析】
正确答案是A。
此题是细节理解题。根据句子“It seems to be proved that if human beings can freely breathe and share air, there is no primary reason for them to struggle with one another.”可知，如果人们能自由地呼吸到新鲜空气，就没理由跟别人争斗，故答案为A。
24 . B
【解析】
正确答案是B。
此题是细节理解题。根据句子“The interdependence to which we must pay the closest attention is what exists between ourselves and the plant world.”可知，作者最想让我们关注的是我们和植物世界的关系，故答案为B。
25 . D
【解析】
正确答案是D。
此题是细节理解题。根据句子“This task can be carried out only when each takes it upon her—or himself—and only when all work together. ”可知，人类想实现保护星球这个目标就要一起共同努力，故答案为D。
26 . C
【解析】
正确答案是C。
此题是细节理解题。根据最后一段“Humans must learn to share life, both with each other and with plants”可以得知，为了活得更好，我们应与自然分享生活，故答案为C。
27 . A
28 . D
29 . C
30 . B
31 . B
32 . D
33 . D
34 . C
35 . D
【解析】
细节理解题，根据第二段 This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach. 可知冬青植物在下面的叶子上有更多的刺是为了防止食草动物，故选 D。
36 . B
【解析】
推理判断题。根据第三段 Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves. 可知有厚的坚硬的叶子，这是物理方面的方法。故选 B。
37 . C
【解析】
细节理解题，根据第四段 This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar. 可知烟草的根在受到攻击时会增加尼古丁的产量，以此来防止毛毛虫叮咬，故选 C。
38 . B
【解析】
标题判断题，通读全文可知本文主要介绍了植物是如何保护自己的，故选 B。
39 . A
【解析】
细节理解题，根据第二段 The Great Barrier Reef in Australia is no exception and will continue to shrink as the temperatures rise! These reefs are some of the best in the world for diving, but they will soon disappear. 可知珊瑚虫死亡的原因是因为海水温度升高，所以 A 选项是正确的。
40 . D
【解析】
推理判断题，根据第三段 Rising sea levels are in fact a serious threat to many coastal cities located at sea level. 可知海平面的升高威胁着很多沿海的城市，所以 D 选项是正确的。
41 . C
【解析】
推理判断题，根据第四段 Located in Montana, Canada, this park is over a million acres and has a huge plant and wildlife population. 可知冰川自然公园在蒙大拿州占据了很大的面积，所以 C 选项是正确的。
42 . C
【解析】
细节理解题，根据最后一段 Our expansion usually requires cutting down forests for land, fuel and materials, but rarely considers the consequences. 可知亚马逊雨林的减少是因为人类领地的扩张，根据文章可知其他三个景点正在消失的原因是气候变暖，所以 C 选项是正确的。
43 . D
44 . A
45 . C
46 . B
47 . C
【解析】
正确答案是C。此题是推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“The heart-shaped (心形) tomato was grown by the retired worker, Rod Matless, who said he was surprised when he noticed it in his field.”可知这个西红柿是心形的，故选C。
48 . C
【解析】正确答案是C。此题是词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“The heart-shaped (心形) tomato was grown by the retired worker, Rod Matless, who said he was surprised when he noticed it in his field.”可知，Rod Matless看到这个西红柿时很吃惊，故选C。
49 . B
【解析】
正确答案是B。此题是细节理解题。根据第三段的“But with the tomato's freshness a key factor (因素), Mr. Matless was up against the clock to send it to its new owner before it went bad.”可知答案。
50 . B
51 . A
52 . A
53 . C
54 . C
【解析】
正确答案是C。
此题是推理判断题。根结合全文可知，Harmer通过设置对照组和实验组，来研究为什么向日葵会追随太阳的方向而改变自身的方向。
55 . B
【解析】
正确答案是B。
此题是词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“By staking plants so that they could not move”可知，staking的意思可能是固定，使植物不能动。
56 . A
【解析】
正确答案是A。
此题是细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He also noticed that sunflowers prevented from moving were not as tough and leafy as those that were free to move”可知，被固定不能动的向日葵长得不如可以移动的向日葵那样坚挺和多叶。
57 . C
【解析】
正确答案是C。
此题是细节理解题。根据第六段中的“The "dance" to the sun cycle obviously slows when the sunflower matures and its flowers open up. At that point, the plants stop moving during the day and settle down facing the sun in the east”可知，当向日葵发育完全时，它们就会面朝东方停止运动。
58 . C
【解析】
正确答案是C。
此题是细节理解题。根据第七段“"Bees like warm flowers." Harmer said, adding that the bees are cold-blooded, so landing on a warm flower saves them energy and perhaps feels really good”可知，蜜蜂喜欢落在温暖的花朵上。
59 . D
【解析】
正确答案是D。
此题是细节理解题。 根据“Big Boy and Better Boy tomatoes have a 95 day growing period whereas regular tomato plants produce fruit in as few as 70 days… you just have to wait a little longer for the Big Boys.”可知Big Boy这种番茄的生长周期比普通的番茄生长周期要长，所以它们需要更多的时间来生产果实。故选D。
60 . A
【解析】
正确答案是A。
此题是推理判断题。 根据“It makes me wonder how many of us have "Big Boy" dreams in our hearts, yet we just don't realize that they are of the "Big Boy" variety so we are discouraged and worn out with the waiting process.”可知作者是在把番茄和梦想、目标作对比。故选A。
61 . C
【解析】
正确答案是C。
此题是推理判断题。 根据文章最后一段可知作者是想说只要我们愿意去做，没有什么事是不可能的。选项A意为迟做总比不做好；选项B意为没有好的开始就没有好的结局；选项C意为世上无难事，只怕有心人；选项D意为双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。故选C。
62 . D
【解析】正确答案是D。此题是细节理解题。根据第一段的“young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant”可知，当植物受到攻击时，它会产生一些化学物质。故选D项。
63 . A
【解析】正确答案是A。此题是句意理解题。根据第三段最后一句“The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.”可知，正吃午餐的袭击者变成了午餐，也就是袭击者被攻击了。故选A项。
64 . B
【解析】正确答案是B。此题是推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty.”可知，植物能保护自己抵抗昆虫。故选B项。
65 . C
【解析】正确答案是C。此题是推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句中的“imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. ”可推知，世界比它显现出来的更加复杂。故选C项。
66 . B
【解析】
正确答案是B。
此题是主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了药草和香料的重要价值。
67 . D
【解析】
正确答案是D。
此题是细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The scientists said turmeric might reduce evidence of damage in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease.”可知吃姜黄根粉对患有早老性痴呆病的病人有好处。
68 . A
【解析】
正确答案是A。
此题是细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“…known as HCAs, which can help cause cancer.”和“…called PAHs, which probably cause cancer…”可知答案。
69 . B
【解析】
正确答案是B。
此题是推理判断题。根据第四段的第三句可推断，红辣椒可以帮助人们减肥，A项正确。根据倒数第二段可知，常吃烤肉对健康有害，C项正确。根据第一段的第二句可以推断，有些药草和香料可能来自于同一植物的不同部分，D项正确。根据倒数第三段的第二句可知，一些香料可以减少高血压病人对盐的使用，并不是说这些香料能代替盐放在食物中，由此可推知B项陈述错误。
70 . D
71 . A
72 . B
73 . D
74 . B
【解析】
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。大自然千奇百怪，人们对食肉的动物并不陌生，但你见过食肉的植物吗？本文将为你介绍一二。
细节理解题。第一段以 bladderwort 为例，它能在 1/50 秒内将昆虫捉住，说明这捕捉昆虫的速度很快，B 项符合文意。
75 . D
【解析】
推理判断题。第二段中讲到昆虫落网后，酶开始消化食物，吃完后叶子张开准备再次捕捉昆虫，由此可推知，叶子关闭说明植物正在享受大餐。
76 . A
【解析】
细节理解题。根据笫三段可知，湿地的土壤不能提供给植物足够的营养。食肉植物能在这些地区生存是因为从落网的昆虫身上汲取营养，以维持生命。
77 . C
【解析】
细节理解题。根据文中倒数第二、三段可知，食肉植物一般有迷人的外形、鲜亮的颜色，因而很容易吸引昆虫。
78 . C
【解析】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，植物需要作出决定是因为竞争和不断变化的环境，故选 C 项。
79 . D
【解析】
词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句可知，植物需要为生存而竞争；根据第三段第三句可知，此处应表示植物进入低光线生存模式，即不参与对阳光的竞争，故选 D 项。
80 . A
【解析】
细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知，植物会根据竞争程度的不同来改变叶子的厚度和大小，故选 A 项。
81 . B
【解析】
标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了植物有作决定的能力，故选 B 项。
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