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备考2021年高考英语一轮复习33：夹叙夹议类阅读理解
一、阅读理解
1．（2020·北辰模拟）阅读理解
Like many other students beginning graduate school,
I was quickly charged with responsibilities and had to find time for studying
by letting goof many other things I valued. Letting go of football and the
violin was, however, self-defeating: it might have brought me more time in the
short term, but spending that extra time on work only' made me more stressed
and less productive.
Towards the end of the MSC (Master of Science
program) started to lose my motivation and curiosity for science and research,
as well as my creativity. Spending so much time and energy in the laboratory,
and focusing all my attention on my thesis and courses, made me feel down and
almost totally uninterested in my field - not to mention short-tempered and
oversensitive in my personal communications.
Over time, I learnt from these experiences. When
I started my PhD, I focused on balancing academic success with personal
time-off, and made personal happiness a priority (首要事情) in my weekly schedule. My mentor (导师) and I discussed my
work-life balance early in my program, and we arrange our lab responsibilities
accordingly.
I set boundaries for myself in new ways: 'rather
than doing lab work all weekend, I'd play football or the violin, or visit
loved ones, before allowing myself to work fora few hours.
This was hard at first: I worried that it would
affect my standing with my peers, and superiors, but I had learnt from
experiences that an overloaded schedule can drain (使疲劳) you so much that you become unfocused and start making mistakes
or forgetting important details.
Since establishing a better work-life balance, I've
been doing well in graduate school. Outside the lab, I've been able to take up
a few leadership positions at my university because I'm not as stressed with my
work. I serve as our department's student councilor and I am also
vice-president academic in the Health Sciences Graduate Students' Association.
My advice is this: a healthy work-life balance isn't a luxury; it's a key part
of success in graduate programs.
（1）What is the author's problem
A．He must study hard to graduate.
B．He must give up his hobby for study,
C．He didn't know how to study more effectively.
D．He didn't know how to deal with pressure.
（2）Paragraph 2 shows ________.
A．the challenges of an MSC program
B．the consequences of giving up hobbies
C．the benefits of focusing on schoolwork
D．the importance of balancing study and hobbies
（3）To balance academic and personal life, the author ________.
A．asks his peers for help
B．seeks to reduce his lab duties
C．puts his hobbies first more often
D．avoids schoolwork at weekends at all
（4）When the author gets his hands too full, he ________.
A．tends to put things on hold
B．tends to lose the attention to details
C．will lose his patience with his academic work
D．will make a new schedule accordingly
（5）What can be inferred from the author's personal experience
A．It's never too late to make a change in the university.
B．It's easy to be work-life balanced in our lives.
C．Multi-tasking has many advantages in the university.
D．Work-life balance is necessary in the university.
【答案】（1）B
（2）B
（3）C
（4）B
（5）D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人生百味类；夹叙夹议
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议问，通过讲述作者自身的经历，论述了平衡工作和生活的重要性。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Letting go of football and the violin was, however, self-defeating: it might have brought me more time in the short term, but spending that extra time on work only' made me more stressed and less productive.”放弃足球和小提琴却会弄巧成拙:它可能会在短期内给我带来更多时间，但把多余的时间花在工作上只会“让我压力更大，效率更低”。可知，作者遇到的问题是，他必须放弃自己的爱好来抓紧时间学习。故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段可知，在MSC快结束的时候，作者开始失去了对科学和研究的动力和好奇心，也失去了创造力。在实验室里花了那么多时间和精力，把所有的注意力都集中在论文和课程上，这让作者情绪低落，对自己的领域几乎完全不感兴趣——更别提在个人交流中脾气暴躁、过于敏感了。可知，本段表明了作者放弃自己爱好的结果。故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“When I started my PhD, I focused on balancing academic success with personal time-off, and made personal happiness a priority (首要事情) in my weekly schedule. ” 当我开始我的博士学位，我专注于平衡学术成就和个人时生活，并使个人幸福优先(首要事情)在我每周的日程安排。可知，作者为了平衡学术成就和个人生活更多的把自己的爱好放在第一位。故选C。
（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“I had learnt from experiences that an overloaded schedule can drain (使疲劳) you so much that you become unfocused and start making mistakes or forgetting important details.” 我从经验中学到一个过载的时间表可以使你如此疲劳以至于使你变得无失去注意力，开始犯错误或忘记重要的细节。可推断，当作者手头工作太多时，他会容易忽视细节。故选B。
（5）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“a healthy work-life balance isn't a luxury; it's a key part of success in graduate programs.” 健康的工作与生活平衡不是一种奢侈，这是研究生课程成功的关键部分。可推断，根据作者的经验，我们可以知道工作与生活的平衡在大学是必要的。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
2．（2020·葫芦岛模拟）阅读理解
Not long ago, my wife and I spent a weekend
together without any of our three children. This was the first time we had been
alone for more than a few hours since our oldest was born four years ago.
What did we do on our short vacation My wife
read the first hundred or so pages of Tom Jones, a book she has been meaning to
read for ages. There was takeout and a nice long walk along the shore of Lake
Michigan. Football was watched. But mostly We slept, without worrying for once
about whether a shrill voice might awaken us between the hours of 9 p.m. and 6
a.m. to demand a glass of water ("No，not that one，the Tinkerbell cup!''). We were too relaxed to do
anything else.
As parents, we might tell other people that
given the chance for even a short child-free break we would love to do some
reading or take in a concert. This is not true. The truth is that what most of
us really want is a chance not to think about how well we are using our time.
By admitting this，I realize the myth (错误的看法) of the brain-dead parents.
Being brain-dead is what a parent like me looks forward to rather than something
to be accused of. The novelist Lucy Ellmann recently provided a convenient
summary in an interview：
You watch people get pregnant and know they'll
be emotionally and intellectually absent for 20 years. Thought, knowledge,
adult conversation, and vital political action are all put on hold. With
a kiddo, you become a human koala while your old friends continue to have "interests".
They do art and literature and science, you see, not diapers (尿不湿）.
When you become responsible for the life of a
very small person, nothing is more important than shouldering that
responsibility. In that sense, parenting is a chance to
reconsider the value of an extra 20 minutes in bed or a short phone
conversation with an old friend. As to my wife and me, we spent the weekend
eating steamed dumplings and drinking wine until we fell asleep.
We value the all-too-rare experience of being brain-dead.
（1）What did the author and his wife mainly do on the weekend
A．They did some reading. B．They had a sound sleep.
C．They had a nice long walk. D．They watched a football match.
（2）What do the underlined words "put on hold" in paragraph 5 refer to
A．In control. B．Forbidden. C．Abandoned. D．In vain.
（3）How does keeping kids change the author's life
A．He begins to feel lonely. B．He is no longer responsible.
C．He becomes absent-minded. D．He hardly has his own time.
（4）What's the best title of the passage
A．Tips for new parents
B．Avoiding being brain-dead parents
C．The myth of brain-dead parents
D．How to steal time as brain-dead parents
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）D
（4）C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；人生百味类；夹叙夹议；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者和妻子度过了一个没有孩子们打扰的周末，感慨有了孩子之后，父母把全部时间、精力花费在孩子身上，因而十分珍惜偶尔拥有的轻松时刻。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的““But mostly We slept, without worrying for once about whether a shrill voice might awaken us…”可知，作者和妻子我和妻子在没有三个孩子的情况下共度了一个周末，他们大部分时间是睡觉，不用担心被叫醒。故选B。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的“people get pregnant and know they'll be emotionally and intellectually absent for 20 years. ” ；以及“you become a human koala while your old friends continue to have ‘interests'”，人们怀孕后会在情感、智力上有缺席。与那些依然保持原有兴趣的老朋友相比，父母为孩子把自己的想法、 知识、成人间的交流和重要的政治活动都搁置在一边了。因此可以推测put on hold 意思为“放弃”。故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第六段中的“parenting is a chance to reconsider the value of an extra 20 minutes in bed or a short phone conversation with an old friend”为人父母给了我们机会，让我们重新认识多睡20分钟或与老朋友打个简短电话的价值。可以推断，有了孩子之后，父母几乎不再有属于自己的时间，这是为人父母之后生活的一种改变。故选D。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据第四段中“I realize the myth(错误 的 看法）of the brain-dead parents. Being brain-dead is what a parent like me looks forward to rather than something to be accused of.”；以及最后一段中的“we value the all-too -rare experience”， 作者通过自身经历明白以往人们关于“脑死亡”家长的一些错误的看法；作者认为为人父母之后，体验“脑死亡”是不应该被指责的。因此全文主旨是对“脑死亡”家长的错误看法。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
3．（2020·南京模拟）阅读理解
I am a parent
of a disabled teenager. My son is in and out of hospital and school. His
learning disabilities and behaviour issues are a barrier for him, and he is
teased on campus. At home, he swears and punches me.
He is on a
waiting list for his disorder which contributes to his anxiety. Meanwhile,
there are hospital appointments to manage, at least four consultants on the go,
and an imminent transfer to adult services. The bureaucracy of caring keeps me
busy.
I used to
work in the theatre industry but had to quit when my son kept getting excluded
from school. I never expected that my life would turn out like this. But now,
amazingly, I am doing a PhD at a Russell Group university，looking at non white protagonists in historical
drama. It is fascinating: under represented characters! Hidden histories!
Diversity!
I am
starting to win awards for my research and I feel like a success story. Almost.
There's just one problem: I can't get funding. I keep missing out on
studentships and scholarships. These awards—which are mainly funded by research
councils or universities directly—are worth about ￡14，000－￡16，000 a year
and usually include a fee waiver (saving a further ￡5，000). That's
a lot of money.
But the
funding tends to go to students half my age with straight A academic
results—not to people like me, who have taken an unusual path to academia. When
I was turned down for the last studentship I applied for, I asked why. The
decision maker—a professor in my department and the head of a research
institute—told me “it all comes down to excellent academic results”．
They don't
say this on the application forms: it's all about the originality of your
project, your research statement, your supervisor's supporting statement, the
panel that considers you, the level of competition. But when it comes down to
it, this is clearly what they want. Someone with my background is never going
to get a studentship if the decisive criteria are undergraduate and master's
results.
When I
started my PhD and realised that I would need financial help, I went to the
student advice office and told them that I am a carer. They asked what that
meant and then offered me advice on benefits, but not funding. I went to the
student union advice service—they referred me back to student advice. I went to
the graduate school. Same response. I spoke to a vice dean and a chaplain. I
had to tell them what a carer is. You get the picture. I was invisible. So I
gave up, decided to apply annually for the studentships and kept my part time
job.
UCAS
announced this year that young carers will now be able to identify themselves
in their applications, so that universities will be able to support them. But
how is this going to happen if staff at these institutions don't even know what
a carer is
The
student welfare vice president at the union has finally agreed with me that
carers are an under supported and under represented group on campus. We are
going to ask student records to add an option to the equality and diversity
monitoring section, so that we can identify as carers and hopefully raise
awareness. Wish us luck.
（1）Put the following events in the correct order.
a. The author won awards for her research.
b. The author spoke to a vice dean and a chaplain.
c. The author decided to apply annually for studentships.
d. The author started her PhD.
A．dabc B．dcba C．cdab D．cdba
（2）According to the decision maker，the writer's application for funding was turned down mainly because ________．
A．she has a disabled son
B．her academic results were not good enough
C．the bureaucracy of caring kept her busy
D．the competition was too fierce
（3）It can be inferred from the passage that ________．
A．the writer likes reading success stories
B．the writer is a non white woman
C．carers deserve our attention and help
D．carers are favored in the process of application and enrollment
（4）According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE
A．Only undergraduates and masters can get the studentship.
B．In spite of her son's illness, the writer continued to work to feed her family.
C．The writer shows great interest and enthusiasm in her academic research.
D．The writer's disabled son does not respect his mother.
（5）The writer's purpose is mainly to ________．
A．call on more people to care about disabled teenagers
B．complain about the barriers she met in getting funding
C．inform the readers of a carer's difficulties
D．give advice on how to get a studentship
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）C
（4）C
（5）B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人生百味类；夹叙夹议
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者因为要照顾残疾的儿子，被迫辞职。后来在一所大学读博士做研究，需要资金支持。但是因为各种原因，一再遭到拒绝。作者认为在校园里，看护人是一个没有得到充分支持的群体。作者希望能够提高人们的意识，关注和帮助看护人。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“I am doing a PhD at a Russell Group university”；第四段中的“I am starting to win awards for my research…There's just one problem: I can't get funding.”；以及第七段中中的“When I started my PhD and realised that I would need financial help… I spoke to a vice dean and a chaplain…. So I gave up, decided to apply annually for the studentships and kept my parttime job.”作者在一所大学读博士，并且她的研究开始获奖，但是她需要资助。在咨询了学生咨询办公室和研究院后，都说不能解决资金问题。作者就去和副院长和牧师谈这个问题。然后还是放弃了，决定每年申请一次学生奖学金，保留兼职工作。 根据事情发生的先后顺序应是dabc。故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第五段中“The decision maker…told me 'it all comes down to excellent academic results'”可知，当作者申请学生奖学金被拒绝时，决策者告诉她说“这一切都归结于优秀的学术成绩。”意思是决策者认为她的学习成绩不够好。故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。通读全文可知，作者因为要照顾残疾的儿子，被迫辞职。后来在一所大学读博士做研究 ，需要资金支持，但一再遭到拒绝。根据倒数第二段中“UCAS announced this year that young carers will now be able to identify themselves in their applications, so that universities will be able to support them. But how is this going to happen if staff at these institutions don't even know what a carer is ”学院招生服务中心今年宣布，年轻的负责照顾小孩的人现在可以在申请中表明自己的身份，这样大学就能支持他们。但如果这些机构的工作人员甚至不知道看护人是什么意思，这怎么可能发生呢 ；以及最后一段中“The student welfare vice president at the union has finally agreed with me that carers are an under-supported and under-represented group on campus.”作者认为看护人在校园里是没有得到充分支持和代表的群体。因此可以推断，作者认为看护人应该得到关注和帮助。故选C。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ It is fascinating: underrepresented characters!Hidden histories! Diversity!”这是令人着迷的：代表性的人物!隐藏的历史!多样性。可知，作者觉得研究历史剧中的非白人主角让她着迷，因此可以看出她对这项研究很感兴趣的，也充满了热情。故选C。
（5）考查推理判断。通读全文，作者因为要照顾残疾的儿子，被迫辞职。后来在一所大学读博士做研究 ，需要资金支持。但是一再遭到拒绝。根据第五段中的“When I was turned down for the last studentship I applied for”当我申请学生奖学金被拒绝；第六段中的“Someone with my background is never going to get a studentship”像我这样背景的人是永远也得不到奖学金的”；第七段中的“…then offered me advice on benefits, but not funding”然后就福利问题给了我建议，但不是资金问题。因此作者写这篇文章的主要目的是抱怨她在获得资金时遇到的障碍。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
4．（2020·哈尔滨模拟）阅读理解
I
entered a cabinetmaking(家具制造)program. I
didn't think I would be good at making furniture. I'm not handy. Nobody in my
family is.
I had
great teachers, but making furniture is hard. There are so many steps and
something can go wrong at each one. I couldn't even get organized. My toolbox
always looked as if a hurricane had gone through it.
I didn't
fully know what I was committed to in the beginning, but I kept attending
class. I tried to be wrapped up in math. The projects forced me to solve new
kinds of problems. My brain started to build new connections. Working in this
new physical manner and giving it 100 percent of my effort had huge benefits
for my mental health. I got over my fear of embarrassment and asked for help at
every opportunity.
I
spent that year truly learning. True learning is the most challenging
experience, especially for those of us who are learning a new set of skills. I
could understand exactly what was wrong with the furniture I made, but I couldn't
fix those problems. And yet, I kept trying. I failed again and again, until I
learned to fail better.
In the
end, I finished the program—with honors,
no less! My grades were helped by my good written work. I also learned how to
use tools. Having to constantly push myself to step outside my comfort zone has
made me a more well-rounded person.
Maybe
most importantly, the school gave me a more realistic idea of my strengths and limitations.
I'm stronger than I thought!
（1）What can we know about the author from the first two paragraphs
A．She had a gift for making furniture.
B．She lacked practical skills.
C．She disliked making everything in a mess.
D．She went to the program to surprise her family.
（2）What was the biggest challenge the author encountered
A．Physical condition. B．Psychological preparation.
C．To know how to correct mistakes. D．Not being good at math.
（3）What do you think of the author
A．Hard-working and determined. B．Confident and efficient.
C．Cooperative and creative. D．Modest and talented.
（4）What did the author benefit most from the project
A．She won an award for good writing.
B．She became stronger both mentally and physically.
C．She became skillful at making furniture.
D．She had a better understanding of herself.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
（4）D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人生百味类；夹叙夹议
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了作者学习一个新的项目——家具制造的经历。一开始作者面临重重困难，但是作者没有放弃，抱着坚定的决定和谦逊积极的态度，最后完成了这一项目，并在这一过程中加深了对自己的理解。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“I'm not handy.”可知我手不灵活；以及第二段中的“I couldn't even get organized. My toolbox always looked as if a hurricane had gone through it.”我毫无头绪。我的工具箱看起来总是像被飓风吹过一样。可知，作者缺乏实践技能。故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“I could understand exactly what was wrong with the furniture I made, but I couldn't fix those problems. And yet, I kept trying. I failed again and again, until I learned to fail better.”我能确切地理解我做的家具出了什么问题，但我无法解决这些问题。然而，我一直在尝试。我一次又一次的失败，直到我的失败有所好转。可知，作者遇到的最大挑战是学会如何改正自己的错误。故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“I didn't fully know what I was committed to in the beginning, but I kept attending class.”一开始我并不完全知道自己要做什么，但我一直在上课；“I got over my fear of embarrassment and asked for help at every opportunity.”我克服了对尴尬的恐惧，一有机会就寻求帮助；以及第四段中的“I spent that year truly learning.”那一年我真正地学习了很多东西)；“And yet, I kept trying. I failed again and again, until I learned to fail better.”然而，我一直在尝试。我一次又一次的失败，直到我的失败有所好转。由此可推知，作者工作努力，有决心。故选A。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Maybe most importantly, the school gave me a more realistic idea of my strengths and limitations. I'm stronger than I thought!”也许最重要的是，学校让我对自己的优势和不足有了更现实的认识。我比想象中更坚强！可知，作者在这一过程中更清楚地认识到了自己的长处和不足，因此可推知，作者从这个项目中获益最多的是她对自己有了更好的了解。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
5．（2020·肇庆模拟）阅读理解
Growing up, I
thought math class was something to be endured, not enjoyed. I disliked
memorizing formulas(公式) and taking
tests, all for the dull goal of getting a good grade. One of my teachers told
my mother that I was “slow”. But my problem wasn't with math itself. In fact,
when a topic seemed particularly interesting, I would go to the library and
read more about it.
By high
school, no one told me that I could become a professional mathematician. What I
wanted to do then was to play college football. My ambition was to get an
athletic scholarship to attend a Big Ten school.
The chances
of that happening were very low. But that didn't stop my coaches from
encouraging me to believe I could reach my goal, and preparing and pushing me
to work for it. They made video tapes of my performances and sent them to
college coaches around the country. In the end, a Big Ten school, Penn State,
did offer me a scholarship.
I wish math
teachers were more like football coaches. Students are affected by more than
just the quality of a lesson plan. They also respond to the passion of their
teachers and the engagement of their peers, and they seek a sense of purpose.
They benefit from specific instructions and constant feedback(反馈).
Until I got
to college, I didn't really know what mathematics was. I still thought of it as
laborious(耗时费力的)
calculations. Then my professor handed me a book and suggested that I think
about a particular problem. It wasn't easy, but it was fascinating. My
professor kept giving me problems, and I kept pursuing them, even though I
couldn't always solve them immediately. The mathematical research I was doing
had little in common with what I did in my high school classrooms. Instead, it
was closer to the math and logic puzzles I did on my own as a boy. It gave me
that same sense of wonder and curiosity, and it rewarded creativity. I am now a
Ph. D candidate in mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
（1）Why did the writer think math class in school was “something to be endured” before entering college
A．Because he wasn't interested in math.
B．Because his math teachers didn't care to push him.
C．Because he was too smart and talented for math class.
D．Because he was training hard for an athletic scholarship.
（2）According to the writer students are affected by the following things from teachers or coaches EXCEPT ________.
A．a sense of purpose B．constant feedback
C．passion D．specific instructions
（3）We can conclude that after entering college, the writer ________.
A．was busy looking for math problems to solve
B．studied on his own just as he was in high school
C．met with laborious calculations in his studies
D．began to realize what mathematics really is
（4）What is the best title for the text
A．Interest is the best teacher
B．Be the best—you can make it
C．Math, taught like football
D．Once your teacher, always your teacher
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人生百味类；夹叙夹议；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是夹叙夹议文，作者上大学前一直以为数学课是要忍受的，而不是享受的。后来在足球教练的鼓励下，作者进入一所排名前十的大学。作者希望数学老师也能像足球教练一样常鼓励他，推动他努力。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“But that didn't stop my coaches from encouraging me to believe I could reach my goal, and preparing and pushing me to work for it.”，作者的足球教练们总是鼓励作者相信自己能实现目标，并且推动作者为之努力；第四段中的“I wish math teachers were more like football coaches.”作者希望数学老师要像足球教练一样（能鼓励他，推动他努力）。因此可以推断，在上大学前，作者认为“数学课是要忍受的，而不是享受的”是因为他觉得数学老师没有像足球教练一样很注意鼓励他。故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“They also respond to the passion of their teachers and the engagement of their peers, and they seek a sense of purpose. They benefit from specific instructions and constant feedback(反馈). ”学生还会对老师的热情和同龄人的参与做出回应，他们还会寻求一种使目标感。他们还受益于老师明确的指示和持续的反馈。可知，老师的热情、明确的指示和持续的反馈都会影响到学生。根据句中“they seek a sense of purpose.”可知，目标感是学生自己追求的，不是老师对他们的影响。故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Until I got to college, I didn't really know what mathematics was.”；以及 “The mathematical research I was doing had little in common with what I did in my high school classrooms. …It gave me that same sense of wonder and curiosity, and it rewarded creativity.它给了我同样的惊奇感和好奇心，并且它回报我以创造力。可以得出结论，直到上了大学，作者觉得数学研究与在高中课堂上的数学几乎没有什么共同之处，作者才真正意识到数学是什么。故选D。
（4）考查主旨大意。作者上大学前一直以为上数学课很乏味，觉得就是为了考试分数。到了高中，在足球教练的经常鼓励下，作者进入一所排名前十的大学。根据第四段中的“I wish math teachers were more like football coaches.”，作者希望数学老师能像足球教练那样多鼓励他，推动他努力。因为影响学生学习的除了教学之外，还有老师的热情。因此文章的标题应该为“像教足球一样教数学”。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
6．（2020·温州模拟）阅读理解
In 1985, the BMX bike craze was at its height. Every kid in our community was doing tricks on their BMX Raleigh Burner. Every kid apart from two: me and Martin Ogley. Martin was the owner of a purple Raleigh Chopper, and to be seen riding it in 1985 was embarrassing. The kids would knock into Martin mercilessly at every opportunity. And although I didn't own any kind of bike, I would join in. I knew that by keeping the focus on Martin, I was less likely to be a target.
When other kids asked where my bike was I would say my BMX was so top-of-the-range that I didn't ride it on the street. While I knew it would not hold up forever, I wasn't too worried. The New Year was coming and, after months of complaining to my dad, I was confident that a BMX would appear.
On the New Year, I was disappointed to see Martin playing at the end of our street on what was clearly a brand-new BMX. As we entered the house, my eyes were drawn to where my presents were piled up. There was a bike. A purple Raleigh Chopper. You see, in the week before the New Year, my dad just happened to be drinking in the local working men's club with Martin's dad, who was eager to sell an old bike after buying his son a new one.
It wasn't until I was in my 30s that we were in that same working men's club and I reminded my dad of that year, the year of Martin Ogley's Chopper. I thought he wouldn't remember the whole thing, but he did. And so I asked him the question: How the hell did I end up with Martin Ogle's Chopper And my dad smiled and said as though it were the most obvious thing in the world, “Well, because you were mean to Martin.”
（1）Why did the writer join the kids in treating Martin badly
A．To protect Martin. B．To be friends with them.
C．To get Martin's bike. D．To avoid being the focus.
（2）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined words “hold up”
A．Work. B．Stop. C．Fail. D．Stay.
（3）How did the writer's father get the purple bike
A．He bought it from the market. B．He got it from Martin's father.
C．He asked Martin to give it away. D．He exchanged it with his friend.
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）B
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；人生百味类；夹叙夹议
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，通过一些生活示例比如他父亲如何得到这辆自行车，新年感到失望的理由和原因，以及到了三十岁以后自己工作的状态和想法等等来讲述作者对拥有一辆高级自行车以及由此产生的一些观点和看法。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“And although I didn't own any kind of bike, I would join in. I knew that by keeping the focus on Martin, I was less likely to be a target.”尽管我没有一辆车，我也会加入打Martin的行列，因为我知道通过让Martin成为焦点，我便更少机会可能成为被打的目标。由此可以推出作者是想避免成为焦点以被打。故选D。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“While I knew it would not hold up forever, I wasn't too worried.”当我得知这样永远不会有效，我也不担心。因为下文讲新年快到了，经过数月的对父亲的抱怨，我很自信会有一辆高级自行车出现在我眼前。这里可以推出作者并不担心这样做是否会有效果，但期待着有一辆车会出现在眼前。故选A。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“You see, in the week before the New Year, my dad just happened to be drinking in the local working men's club with Martin's dad, who was eager to sell an old bike after buying his son a new one.”你知道的，在新年来临的前一周，我父亲恰好在当地工人俱乐部和马丁的父亲一起喝酒，而马丁父亲急于想出售那辆旧车以便给他买一辆新的。从这里可以推出是作者的父亲购买了马丁父亲出售的旧车。所以作者很失望，故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
7．（2020·江苏模拟）阅读理解
My day
began on a definitely sour note when I saw my six-year-old wrestling with a limb
of my azalea(杜鹃花)bush. By the time I got outside,
he'd broken it. "Can I take this to school today " he asked. With a wave
of my hand, I sent him off. I turned my back so he wouldn't see the tears gathering
in my eyes.
The washing machine had leaked on my brand-new
linoleum. If only my husband had just taken the time to fix it the night before
when I asked him instead of playing checkers with Jonathan.
It was days like this that made me want to quit.
I just wanted to drive up to the mountains, hide in a cave, and never come out.
Somehow I spent most of the day washing and
drying clothes and thinking how love had disappeared from my life. As I finished
hanging up the last of my husband's shirts, I looked at the clock. 2: 30. I was
late. Jonathan's class let out at 2: 15 and I hurriedly drove to the school.
I was out of breath by the time I knocked on
the teacher's door and peered through the glass. She rustled through the door and
took me aside. "I want to talk to you about Jonathan," she said.
I prepared myself for the worst. Nothing would
have surprised me. "Did you know Jonathan brought flowers to school today "
she asked. I nodded, thinking about my favorite bush and trying to hide the hurt
in my eyes. "Let me tell you about yesterday," the teacher insisted. "See
that little girl " I watched the bright-eyed child laugh and point to a colorful
picture taped to the wall. I nodded.
"Well, yesterday she was almost hysterical.
Her mother and father are going through a nasty divorce. She told me she didn't
want to live, she wished she could die. I watched that little girl bury her face
in her hands and say loud enough for the class to hear, 'Nobody loves me'. I did
all I could to comfort her, but it only seemed to make matters worse." "I
thought you wanted to talk to me about Jonathan," I said.
"I do," she said, touching the sleeve
of my blouse. "Today your son walked straight over to that child. I watched
him hand her some pretty pink flowers and whisper, 'I love you.'"
I felt my heart swell with pride for what my
son had done. I smiled at the teacher. "Thank you," I said, reaching for
Jonathan's hand, "you've made my day."
Later that evening, I began pulling weeds from
around my azalea bush. As my mind wandered back to the love Jonathan showed the
little girl, a biblical verse came to me: "... these three remain: faith, hope
and love. But the greatest of these is love." While my son had put love into
practice, I had only felt anger.
I heard the familiar squeak of my husband's
brakes as he pulled into the drive. I snapped a small limb bristling with hot pink
azaleas off the bush. I felt the seed of love that God planted in my family beginning
to bloom once again in me. My husband's eyes widened in surprise as I handed him
the flowers. "I love you," I said.
（1）Why did the woman cry when seeing her son had broken the azalea bush
A．Because she could not tolerate the harm to it.
B．Because it made her bad mood even worse.
C．Because her son did not ask her for permission.
D．Because she wanted to hand it to her husband.
（2）The writer wanted to hide in the mountain cave probably for the reason of _______.
A．feeling fed up with her endless daily housework
B．her husband's failing to fix the machine in time
C．boring daily routine with a feeling of lack of love
D．her hoping to seek happiness in a brand new place
（3）We can infer from the passage that the writer expressed love to her husband in that _______.
A．she was inspired by her son that love was supposed to be felt and practiced
B．she felt guilty that she misunderstood her husband and wanted to apologize
C．she felt it necessary to have a complete family for the happiness of herself
D．she wanted to prove her love and expected the same words from her husband
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人生百味类；夹叙夹议
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了作者因为每天的日常琐事和缺乏爱，对生活失去信心，甚至想躲到山上去，但是儿子的一个做法，让作者受到感染和激发，决心让爱重新出现在她的家。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“My day began on a definitely sour note when I saw my six-year-old wrestling with a limb of my azalea(杜鹃花)bush.”可知作者这一天开始就很糟，儿子又将她的杜鹃花破坏了，所以她难过得哭了，故选B。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Somehow I spent most of the day washing and drying clothes and thinking how love had disappeared from my life.”可知作者想躲到山洞里，因为每天的日常琐事和爱的缺乏，故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“I felt the seed of love that God planted in my family beginning to bloom once again in me. My husband's eyes widened in surprise as I handed him the flowers. ‘I love you,' I said.”可知作者受到儿子做法的启发，知道爱应该被感受到和践行，故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
8．（2020·南京模拟）阅读理解
In 2010, after six years of training and further six years on the wards, I resigned from my job as a junior doctor. My parents still haven't forgiven me.
Last year, the General Medical Council wrote to me to say they were taking my name off the medical register. It wasn't exactly a huge shock, as I hadn't practiced medicine in half a decade.
It was, however, excellent news for my spare room, as I cleared out box after box of old paperwork, tearing files up fast. One thing I did rescue from the jaws of death was my training portfolio (档案袋). All doctors are recommended to log their clinical experience, in what's known as reflective practice'. On looking through this portfolio for the first time in years, my reflective practice seemed to involve going up to my hospital on-call room and writing down anything remotely interesting that had happened that day.
Among the funny and the dull, I was reminded of the long hours and the huge impact being B. junior doctor had on my life. Reading back, it felt extreme and unreasonable in terms of what was expected of me, but at the time I'd just accepted it as part of the job. There were points where I wouldn't have stepped back if an entry read "had to eat a helicopter today".
Around the same time that I was reliving all this through my diaries, junior doctors in the here and now were coming under fire from politicians. I couldn't help but feel doctors were struggling to get their side of the story across(probably because they were at work the whole time)and it struck me that the public weren't hearing the truth about what it actually means to be a doctor. Rather than shrugging my shoulders and ignoring the evidence, I decided I had to do something to redress thebalance.
So here they are: the diaries I kept during my time in the NHS, verrucas()and all. What it's like working on the front line, the consequences in my personal life, and how, one terrible day, it all became too much for me. (Sorry for the spoiler of my book beforehand, but you still watched Titanic knowing how that was going to play out.)
Along the way, I'll help you out with the medical terminology(术语) and provide a bit of context about what each job involved. Unlike being a junior doctor, I won't just drop you in the deep end and expect you to know exactly what you're doing.
（1）Which of the following can be put in the blank in Paragraph 2
A．But I found it a hard job to pick up my practice of medicine.
B．But I found it an easy task to turn over a new leaf in the long term.
C．But I found it a simple act to get involved in self-reflection as a junior doctor.
D．But I found it a big deal on an emotional level to permanently close this chapter of my life.
（2）The author cleared out box after box of old paperwork so fast because
A．he was disappointed at being dismissed from the NHS
B．being removed from his position served his purpose
C．being rescued from the jaws of death discouraged him
D．he had promised to keep his patients' personal information secret
（3）The phrase" had to eat a helicopter today" in Paragraph 4 indicates that a junior doctor has to___.
A．work hard for promotion
B．equip himself with practical skills
C．look through all the portfolios
D．live up to some extreme expectations
（4）Which of the following best explains "redress the balance" underlined in Paragraph 5
A．Argue with politicians. B．Tell the full story of doctors.
C．Collect more solid evidence. D．Win the support of the public.
（5）What does the author intend to do by writing this article
A．Reveal what it means to be a junior doctor.
B．Inform readers of some medical knowledge.
C．Give some background information on a book.
D．Encourage more people to practice medicine.
（6）What attitude does the author hold towards the NHS
A．Critical. B．Appreciative C．Ambiguous. D．Doubtful.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）D
（4）B
（5）C
（6）A
【知识点】推理判断题；人生百味类；夹叙夹议
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，2010年，经过六年的培训和六年的病房工作，作者辞去了初级医生的工作。且回忆了自己作为初级医生的经历，认为一个初级医生必须达到一些极端的期望是不合理的，作者同时将自己的经历写到了自己的书中。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"It wasn't exactly a huge shock, as I hadn't practiced medicine in half a decade."这并不是一个巨大的震惊，因为我已经有五年没有行医了。前后形成对比，再根据下文可知作者并没有想重新继续从医。故选D。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段"Last year, the General Medical Council wrote to me to say they were taking my name off the medical register. It wasn't exactly a huge shock, as I hadn't practiced medicine in half a decade."去年，医学委员会写信给我说他们要把我的名字从医疗登记簿上删除。这并不是一个巨大的震惊，因为我已经有五年没有行医了。可知，作者并不为被除名而感到难受；再根据下文作者对于作为一个初级医生的经历的态度是有所保留的，并且他决定把自己的经历写出来，可推知，作者如此迅速地清理了一箱又一箱的旧文件，因为被撤职正好达到了他的目的。故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"Reading back, it felt extreme and unreasonable in terms of what was expected of me, but at the time I'd just accepted it as part of the job."回想一下，这句话对我的要求有些极端和不合理，但当时我只是把它作为工作的一部分接受了。可推知，第四段中的短语"had to eat a helicopter today"表明一个初级医生必须达到一些极端的期望。故选D。
（4）考查句义猜测。根据第五段中的"I couldn't help but feel doctors were struggling to get their side of the story across (probably because they were at work the whole time) and it struck me that the public weren't hearing the truth about what it actually means to be a doctor."我不禁感到医生们都在努力让人们理解他们自己的观点（可能是因为他们一直都在工作），而令我震惊的是，公众并没有听到作为一名医生的真正含义；以及第六段作者对自己文中内容的陈述可知，作者想呈现作为一个医生的真相，讲述医生的全部故事。可知，作者决定必须做些什么来赢得公众的支持，而不是耸耸肩，无视证据。故划线短语"redress the balance"意思为"赢得公众的支持"。故选B。
（5）考查推理判断。根据第六段中的"Sorry for the spoiler of my book beforehand…"很抱歉之前我的书被剧透了……；以及最后一段中的"Along the way, I'll help you out with the medical terminology and provide a bit of context about what each job involved."在此过程中，我将帮助您掌握医学术语，并提供有关每个工作所涉及的内容的一些上下文。可推知，作者是在对书的内容进行介绍，即作者写这篇文章的目的是提供一本书的背景资料。故选C。
（10）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的"So here they are: the diaries I kept during my time in the NHS, verruca's and all. What it's like working on the front line, the consequences in my personal life, and how, one terrible day, it all became too much for me."些就是我在英国国家医疗服务系统（NHS）期间写的日记，疣状的等等。在前线工作的感觉，对我个人生活的影响，以及如何，一个可怕的一天，这一切都让我难以承受。结合第二段中作者被NHS除名而不在乎，可推知，作者对NHS持批判态度。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及句义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
9．（2020·密云模拟）阅读理解
Papa, as a son of a dirt-poor farmer, left
school early and went to work in a factory, for education was for the rich
then. So, the world became his school. With great interest, he read everything
he could lay his hands on, listened to the town elders and learned about the
world beyond his tiny hometown. "There's so much to learn," he'd say.
"Though we're born stupid, only the stupid remain that way." He was
determined that none of his children would be denied an education.
Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at
least one new thing each day. Though, as children, we thought this was crazy,
it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request. And dinner time
seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned. We would talk about the news of
the day; no matter how insignificant, it was
never taken lightly. Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some
comment, always to the point.
Then came the moment—the time to share the
day's new learning.
Papa, at the head of the table, would push
back his chair and pour a glass of red wine, ready to listen.
"Felice," he'd say, "tell me
what you learned today."
"I learned that the population of
Nepal is ..." Silence.
Papa was thinking about what was said, as
if the salvation of the world would depend upon it. "The population of
Nepal. Hmm. Well …" he'd say. "Get the map; let's see where Nepal is."
And the whole family went on a search for Nepal.
This same experience was repeated until
each family member had a turn. Dinner ended only after we had a clear understanding
of at least half a dozen such facts.
As children, we thought very little about
these educational wonders. Our family, however, was growing together, sharing
experiences and participating in one another's education. And by looking at us,
listening to us, respecting our input, affirming our value, giving us a sense
of dignity, Papa was unquestionably our most influential teacher.
Later during my training as a future
teacher, I studied with some of the most famous educators. They were imparting what
Papa had known all along—the value of continual learning. His technique has
served me well all my life. Not a single day has been wasted, though I can
never tell when knowing the population of Nepal might prove useful.
（1）What do we know from the first paragraph
A．The poor could hardly afford school education.
B．Those born stupid could not change their life.
C．The town elders wanted to learn about the world.
D．The author's father was born in a worker's family.
（2）The underlined word "it" in the second paragraph refers to "__________".
A．one new thing B．a request C．some comment D．the news
（3）It can be learned from the passage that the author ___________.
A．enjoyed talking about news
B．knew very well about Nepal
C．appreciated his father's educational technique
D．felt regret about those wasted days
（4）What is the greatest value of "dinner time" to the author
A．Showing talents. B．Continual learning.
C．Family get-together. D．Winning Papa's approval.
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）C
（4）B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人生百味类；夹叙夹议
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，通过对于父亲教育方式的描写，表达作者对父亲的敬爱。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Papa, as a son of a dirt-poor farmer, left school early and went to work in a factory, for education was for the rich then”爸爸很早就辍学到工厂工作，因为教育是为富人而开设的，故选A。
（2） 考查代词指代。根据it代指news，代指前面的语文，根据语境可知 知道我们会谈论一天的新闻，不论是否重要，都不是可以等闲视之的，故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Later during my training as a future teacher, I studied with some of the most famous educators. They were imparting what Papa had known all along—the value of continual learning.”在我成为未来教师的实习中，我和一些很著名的教育家一同学习，他们传授着父亲所知道的一切，持续教育的意义，故选C。
（4） 考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“His technique has served me well all my life.”他的教育方式让我受用终生，故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
10．（2020·东城模拟）阅读理解
It's a Saturday night, the kids are asleep and
we have no plans. Before we fall into our routine and watch a movie, I try to
talk my husband into playing a card game. Unconvinced, he continues tapping
away on his phone. But just before disappearing into the social media rabbit
hole, he has an idea. He looks over me and suggests, "Why don't we try
calling one of our friends "
I look at him
with raised brows, as if his suggestion is somewhat ridiculous and perhaps even
socially unacceptable. You can't just call someone out of the blue now…right
But then I think again and realize that at one point in time, in the not so
distant past, this was the norm. I spent my early teenage years connecting with
friends through a phone that was connected to a wall. It wasn't "smart",
but it allowed me to keep in touch with the latest gossip and news. We would
chat for hours, sometimes while I hid under my blanket in order to avoid the
chance of being caught by my parents.
I could even
memorize the phone numbers of loved ones then. While I did own an address
book—and there was always the White Pages, where you could look people up by
their names—I had the contact details of special friends, first loves and
family members committed to memory. I guess these days, they would be on my "Favorites"
list in my smartphone.
Today, many of my
"favorite" people are followed from a distance through social media,
and even they very rarely—if ever—would get an actual call from me. The birth
announcement by my oldest friend is received through catching a well-defined
bump into a photo that I scroll past. The news of a divorce from a couple whom
I had considered my second parents when I was in middle school arrives after a
photo of a woman led me on a quest for more gossip. Bits of such information, a
collection of wonderful, exciting, shocking and also boring news, may have been
a part of my digital feed for years. The idea of actually picking up the phone
to reconnect with a long-lost friend is an intimidating one—even seeing the
name of an old friend pop up in an incoming call can feel a little afraid.
I ask my husband,
"Who would we call " After tossing around a few names, we agree on
some potential candidates—people whose lives have taken them in different
directions, but with whom we still share deep friendships.
（1）How does the author feel about her husband's suggestion at first
A．Excited. B．Motivated. C．Nervous. D．Surprised.
（2）With the phone, the author's teenage years was_____.
A．difficult but interesting B．peaceful and meaningful
C．pleasant and unforgettable D．inconvenient but enjoyable
（3）In the following days, the couple may ____.
A．share more of their private information with others
B．contact more long-lost friends through social media
C．have more personal communications with their friends
D．add more friends' names to the contact lists in their phones
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）C
【知识点】推理判断题；人生百味类；夹叙夹议
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。智能手机时代人们和朋友们的电话交流少了，作者和丈夫决定给一些老朋友打电话，进行更多的交流。通过本文作者提醒我们要用手机和朋友多联系。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“I look at him with raised brows, as if his suggestion is somewhat ridiculous and perhaps even socially unacceptable.”作者听到丈夫提议给朋友打电话时，皱起眉头看着他，好像他的建议有些可笑，甚至在社会上是不能接受的。可知作者对丈夫的提议感到吃惊，故选D。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“My early teenage years saw me connecting with friends through a phone. We could chat for hours about the latest gossip and news, sometimes hidding under my blanket in order to avoid the chances of being caught by my parents. I could even memorize the phone numbers of loved ones then.”作者对青少年时期的描述：当时通过电话和朋友联系，我们可以聊上几个小时最新的八卦和新闻，有时躲在毯子下面以免被父母发现。那时我甚至能记住亲人的电话号码。可推断作者的青少年时代是快乐的，是至今难忘的。故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“After tossing around a few names, we agree on some potential candidates—people whose lives have taken them in different directions, but with whom we still share deep friendships.”在讨论之后，我们就一些可能的候选人达成了一致——这些人的生活将他们引向不同的方向，但我们仍然和他们有着深厚的友谊。由此推知，找到人选后，作者夫妇会和这些朋友联系，进行更多的个人交流。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
11．（2020·扬州模拟）阅读理解
We were five minutes into a severe
winter storm-approaching Boston's Logan International Airport-when I turned to
the woman next to me and said, "Hey, would you mind chatting with me
for a few
minutes " My seatmate seemed friendly and I suddenly felt desperate for a
human connection.
"Sure. My name is Sue, "the
woman replied, smiling warmly. "What brings you to Boston " I
started to
explain that I was on a business trip. Then the plane trembled violently, and I
blurted out, "I might need to hold your hand too. "Sue took my hand
in both of hers, patted it, and held on tight.
Sometimes a stranger can
significantly improve our day. ①A pleasant meeting with
someone we
don't know, even an unspoken exchange, can calm us when no one else is around. It
may get us out of our own heads-a proven mood lifter-and help broaden our
vision. Sandstrom, a psychologist and senior lecturer at the University of Essex,
has found that people's moods improve after they have a conversation with a
stranger. And yet most of us resist talking to people we don't
know or
barely know. We worry about how to start,
maintain, or stop it. We think we will keep talking and disclose too much, or
not talk enough. We are afraid we will bore the other person.
We're typically wrong.
② In a study in which Sandstrom asked participants to
talk to at least one stranger a day for five days, 99 percent said they had
found at least one of the exchanges pleasantly surprising, 82 percent said
they'd learned something from one of the strangers, 43 percent had exchanged
contact information, and 40 percent had communicated with one of the strangers
again.
③Multiple studies show that
people who interact regularly with passing acquaintances or who engage with
others through community groups, religious gatherings, or volunteer
opportunities have better emotional and physical health and live longer than
those who do not. One person took up the cello after chatting with a woman on
the subway who was carrying one. Another recalled how the smile of a fruit
salesman from whom he regularly bought bananas made him feel
less lonely
after he'd first arrived in a new city.
④When Sue took my hand on
that scary flight to Boston, I almost wept with relief. "Hey, this is a
little bumpy, but we will be on the ground safely soon, "she told me. She
looked so encouraging, and confident. I asked her what she did for a living. "I'm
a retired physical education teacher, and I coached women's volleyball, "she
said. Immediately, I could see what an awesome coach she must have been.
When we said
goodbye, I gave Sue a big hug and my card. A few days later, I received an
e-mail with
the subject line" Broken hand on Jet Blue. ""I have to admit
that I was just as scared as you were but did not say it, "Sue wrote. "I
just squeezed your hand as hard as I could. Thank you for helping me through
this very scary situation. "She added that when she'd told her friends
about our conversation, they teased her because they know she loves to talk. I
told my friends about Sue too. I explained how kind she was to
me, and what I learned: It's OK to ask for help from a stranger if you need it.
Now if I mention to my friends that I am stressed or worried, they respond, "Just
think of Sue!"
（1）The writer struck up a conversation with her seatmate because
A．they were heading for the same city on business
B．she was in urgent need of emotional comfort
C．the plane's abrupt movement was unbearable
D．the woman was friendlier than other passengers
（2）What benefit does a pleasant exchange with strangers bring us
A．It lights up our otherwise unsuccessful life.
B．It saves us the trouble of talking too much.
C．It improves our ability to think and understand.
D．It guarantees us a lasting feeling of happiness.
（3）Why does the writer mention the study conducted by Sandstrom
A．To present the benefits of interacting with acquaintances.
B．To show it lifts mood to make and meet with new friends.
C．To stress it is necessary to associate with unknown people.
D．To relieve anxiety about communicating with strangers.
（4）The sentence" You don't even have to talk to complete strangers to obtain the benefit" can be put in_____
A．① B．② C．③ D．④
（5）What does the underlined sentence imply
A．The writer was impressed with Sue' s ability to inspire others.
B．The writer herself could have been a volleyball player.
C．Sue possessed obvious characters of a qualified PE teacher.
D．Sue became the coach of the writer as a consequence.
（6）How did the writer probably feel while reading Sue' s e-mail
A．Regretful. B．Surprised. C．Disappointed. D． Satisfied.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）D
（4）C
（5）A
（6）B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人生百味类；夹叙夹议
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者用自己在飞机上和陌生人交流的一次经历，告诉人们：和陌生人交流有助于改善我们的生活。
（1）考查推理判断。作者当时身处颠簸的飞机上，内心紧张焦虑。和他人交谈，是为了舒缓自身的情绪。故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“A pleasant meeting with someone we don't know, even an unspoken exchange, can calm us when no one else is around. It may get us out of our own heads-a proven mood lifter-and help broaden our vision..”与一个我们不认识的人愉快的会面，甚至是一次默契的交流，都能让我们在别人不在的时候平静下来，它可以让我们跳出自己的思维模式——一个被证明的情绪提振剂——并有助于扩大我们的视野。可知与陌生人愉快的交流可以提高我们的思考和理解能力，故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“We worry about how to start, maintain, or stop it. We think we will keep talking and disclose too much, or not talk enough. We are afraid we will bore the other person. We're typically wrong.” 提出人们的焦虑，第四段Sandstrom的研究正是为了减轻人们的与陌生人的交际焦虑，故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。本句的意思为“你甚至都不需要和完全的陌生人交流去获得好处。”言下之意，“你和认识的人交流也能获得好处”。第五段的内容则是表明与社区邻居、教友等熟人的交流能够带来身心健康的好处。故选C。
（5）考查推理判断。在颠簸的飞机上，Sue成功地舒缓了作者的紧张情绪。作者由此推断出她一定有能力去鼓舞他人。故选A。
（6）考查推理判断。在Sue寄给作者的电子邮件中，她坦承自己在颠簸的飞机上也非常害怕，只是没有说出来,这是作者没有想到的，因此作者读到这封信件时可能会感到意外。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
12．（2020·盐城模拟）阅读理解
There
are times when I set off for my running-group sessions with little enthusiasm.
It might be because I'm tired, or stressed, or have had to unwillingly tear
myself away form something else. I'm the coach, so I can't choose to give it a
miss.
It was yet another cold, dark, wet evening and i wasn't feeling the love as I gathered all the necessary outfits—head torch, reflective waterproof jacket, hat and gloves. No one in their right mind will come out in this weather, I thought. But when I turned into the car park, my headlights picked out runners making a dash through the rain to our meeting point, where others were already working out to stay warm, with chat, laughter and hugs. They, too, I realized, might be tired, stressed or busy. But, unlike me, they had a choice abo9ut whether to come running or stay at home. And that makes their decision to come —and to keep on coming —all the more uplifting. As on so many other occasions, I went home from the run feeling better than when I'd arrived.
I
believe one of the strongest motivations behind these runners' decisions to
come along is being part of a group. Belonging to a running community makes
running greater than the sum of its parts. It's no longer just a workout; it's
a catch-up with friends, a laugh and a shared experience. It provides a space
to share your running triumphs and disappointments, to be congratulated and
comforted, and, just as important, to congratulate and comfort others.
Research
has long shown the likelihood of staying motivated is higher when exercise
takes place in a group. The reasons are many. A study at the University of
Southern California found people enjoy physical activity more when the y are
with others and are more likely to keep it up over the long term. There's also
an element of social facilitation—an "I'm
not going to let XX beat me" attitude that drives you to push harder and
produces a greater sense of achievement. And research by Strava in 2017 found
running in a group made runners go faster and further. Using data from 90
million runs taking place all over the world, Strava found that the average
pace of runs taking place in a group was seven seconds per mile quicker than
solo runs, and the distance covered was an average of 1.3 miles further.
I
joke about people being more motivated to come to my running sessions by the
tea and biscuits afterwards than by the running itself. There's probably some
truth in that, but it doesn't matter. Those laughter-and chatter-filled minutes
are every bit as important as the running in between.
（1）The author sometimes feels _____ to go coaching the running group.
A．reluctant B．content C．excited D．frustrated
（2）Why is being part of a group most motivational
A．It involves a coach offering assistance.
B．It creates space to socialize with others.
C．It inspires members to beat their records.
D．It frees runners form boring daily routines.
（3）That being in a group promotes performance is proven by _____.
A．citing a typical example B．listing accurate statistics
C．performing an experiment D．sharing his own experience.
（4）Tea and biscuits in running sessions are meant to _____.
A．attract more runners form other groups
B．build up some strength before running
C．make his running group stand out of all
D．add more life to their running experience
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）B
（4）D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人生百味类；夹叙夹议
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，介绍了一群人一起跑步不仅能够促进了他们在跑步中的表现，同时也是社会性的促进的表现。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段“There are times when I set off for my running-group sessions with little enthusiasm. It might be because I'm tired, or stressed, or have had to unwillingly tear myself away from something else. I'm the coach, so I can't choose to give it a miss.”可知，作者的缺乏激情、同时感到很累和有压力，并且很不乐意等可以推出作者不情愿。故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“A study at the University of Southern California found people enjoy physical activity more when they are with others and are more likely to keep it up over the long term. There's also an element of social facilitation-an “I'm not going to let XX beat me” attitude that drives you to push harder and produces a greater sense of achievement.”可知，作为团队的一份子有很多的好处，其中之一就是可以促进社会化。故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Using data from 90 million runs taking place all over the world, Strava found that the average pace of runs taking place in a group was seven seconds per mile quicker than solo runs, and the distance covered was an average of 1.3 miles further.”可知，作者援引了数据来证明团队的促进作用。故选B。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“I joke about people being more motivated to come to my running sessions by the tea and biscuits afterwards than by the running itself. ”作者开个玩笑，说人们更愿意来参加我的跑步活动，是通过茶和饼干，而不是跑步本身。从而推断出，跑步课上的茶和饼干是为了给他们的跑步体验增添更多的活力。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
13．（2020·江苏模拟）阅读理解
Looking
back on too many years of education, I can identify one truly impossible teacher.
She cared about me, and my intellectual life, even when I didn't. Her expectations
were high—impossibly so. She was an English teacher. She was also my mother.
When good students turn in an essay, they dream
of their instructor returning it to them in exactly the same condition, save for
a single word added in the margin of the final page: "Flawless." This
dream came true for me one afternoon in the ninth course, I had heard that genius
could show itself at an early age, so I was only slightly taken aback that I had
achieved perfection at the age of 14. Obviously, I did what any professional writer
would do; I hurried off to spread the good news. I didn't get very far. The first
person I told was my mother.
My mother is normally incredibly soft-spoken,
but when she got angry, she was terrifying. I am not sure if she was more upset
by my hubris(得意忘形)or by the fact that my English
teacher had let my ego get so out of hand. In any event, my mother and her red
pen showed me how deeply flawed a flawless essay could be. At the time, I am
sure she thought she was teaching me about transitions(过渡), structure, style and voice. But what I learned was a deeper lesson
about the nature of creative criticism.
Creative
criticism implies something about who is able to give it, who knows you well enough
to show you how your mental life is getting in the way of good writing. They are
also the people who care enough to see you through this painful realization. ①
I
was lucky enough to find a critic and teacher who was willing to make the journey
of writing with me." It is a thing of no great difficulty," according
to Plutarch, "to raise objections against another man's speech, it is a very
easy matter; but to produce a better in its place is a work extremely troublesome."
Perhaps Plutarch is suggesting something a bit closer to Marcus Cicero's claim that
one should" criticize by creation, not by finding fault." Genuine criticism
creates a precious opening for an author to become better on his own terms—a process
that is often extremely painful, but also almost always meaningful.
② My mother said she would help me wit备考2021年高考英语一轮复习33：夹叙夹议类阅读理解
一、阅读理解
1．（2020·北辰模拟）阅读理解
Like many other students beginning graduate school,
I was quickly charged with responsibilities and had to find time for studying
by letting goof many other things I valued. Letting go of football and the
violin was, however, self-defeating: it might have brought me more time in the
short term, but spending that extra time on work only' made me more stressed
and less productive.
Towards the end of the MSC (Master of Science
program) started to lose my motivation and curiosity for science and research,
as well as my creativity. Spending so much time and energy in the laboratory,
and focusing all my attention on my thesis and courses, made me feel down and
almost totally uninterested in my field - not to mention short-tempered and
oversensitive in my personal communications.
Over time, I learnt from these experiences. When
I started my PhD, I focused on balancing academic success with personal
time-off, and made personal happiness a priority (首要事情) in my weekly schedule. My mentor (导师) and I discussed my
work-life balance early in my program, and we arrange our lab responsibilities
accordingly.
I set boundaries for myself in new ways: 'rather
than doing lab work all weekend, I'd play football or the violin, or visit
loved ones, before allowing myself to work fora few hours.
This was hard at first: I worried that it would
affect my standing with my peers, and superiors, but I had learnt from
experiences that an overloaded schedule can drain (使疲劳) you so much that you become unfocused and start making mistakes
or forgetting important details.
Since establishing a better work-life balance, I've
been doing well in graduate school. Outside the lab, I've been able to take up
a few leadership positions at my university because I'm not as stressed with my
work. I serve as our department's student councilor and I am also
vice-president academic in the Health Sciences Graduate Students' Association.
My advice is this: a healthy work-life balance isn't a luxury; it's a key part
of success in graduate programs.
（1）What is the author's problem
A．He must study hard to graduate.
B．He must give up his hobby for study,
C．He didn't know how to study more effectively.
D．He didn't know how to deal with pressure.
（2）Paragraph 2 shows ________.
A．the challenges of an MSC program
B．the consequences of giving up hobbies
C．the benefits of focusing on schoolwork
D．the importance of balancing study and hobbies
（3）To balance academic and personal life, the author ________.
A．asks his peers for help
B．seeks to reduce his lab duties
C．puts his hobbies first more often
D．avoids schoolwork at weekends at all
（4）When the author gets his hands too full, he ________.
A．tends to put things on hold
B．tends to lose the attention to details
C．will lose his patience with his academic work
D．will make a new schedule accordingly
（5）What can be inferred from the author's personal experience
A．It's never too late to make a change in the university.
B．It's easy to be work-life balanced in our lives.
C．Multi-tasking has many advantages in the university.
D．Work-life balance is necessary in the university.
2．（2020·葫芦岛模拟）阅读理解
Not long ago, my wife and I spent a weekend
together without any of our three children. This was the first time we had been
alone for more than a few hours since our oldest was born four years ago.
What did we do on our short vacation My wife
read the first hundred or so pages of Tom Jones, a book she has been meaning to
read for ages. There was takeout and a nice long walk along the shore of Lake
Michigan. Football was watched. But mostly We slept, without worrying for once
about whether a shrill voice might awaken us between the hours of 9 p.m. and 6
a.m. to demand a glass of water ("No，not that one，the Tinkerbell cup!''). We were too relaxed to do
anything else.
As parents, we might tell other people that
given the chance for even a short child-free break we would love to do some
reading or take in a concert. This is not true. The truth is that what most of
us really want is a chance not to think about how well we are using our time.
By admitting this，I realize the myth (错误的看法) of the brain-dead parents.
Being brain-dead is what a parent like me looks forward to rather than something
to be accused of. The novelist Lucy Ellmann recently provided a convenient
summary in an interview：
You watch people get pregnant and know they'll
be emotionally and intellectually absent for 20 years. Thought, knowledge,
adult conversation, and vital political action are all put on hold. With
a kiddo, you become a human koala while your old friends continue to have "interests".
They do art and literature and science, you see, not diapers (尿不湿）.
When you become responsible for the life of a
very small person, nothing is more important than shouldering that
responsibility. In that sense, parenting is a chance to
reconsider the value of an extra 20 minutes in bed or a short phone
conversation with an old friend. As to my wife and me, we spent the weekend
eating steamed dumplings and drinking wine until we fell asleep.
We value the all-too-rare experience of being brain-dead.
（1）What did the author and his wife mainly do on the weekend
A．They did some reading. B．They had a sound sleep.
C．They had a nice long walk. D．They watched a football match.
（2）What do the underlined words "put on hold" in paragraph 5 refer to
A．In control. B．Forbidden. C．Abandoned. D．In vain.
（3）How does keeping kids change the author's life
A．He begins to feel lonely. B．He is no longer responsible.
C．He becomes absent-minded. D．He hardly has his own time.
（4）What's the best title of the passage
A．Tips for new parents
B．Avoiding being brain-dead parents
C．The myth of brain-dead parents
D．How to steal time as brain-dead parents
3．（2020·南京模拟）阅读理解
I am a parent
of a disabled teenager. My son is in and out of hospital and school. His
learning disabilities and behaviour issues are a barrier for him, and he is
teased on campus. At home, he swears and punches me.
He is on a
waiting list for his disorder which contributes to his anxiety. Meanwhile,
there are hospital appointments to manage, at least four consultants on the go,
and an imminent transfer to adult services. The bureaucracy of caring keeps me
busy.
I used to
work in the theatre industry but had to quit when my son kept getting excluded
from school. I never expected that my life would turn out like this. But now,
amazingly, I am doing a PhD at a Russell Group university，looking at non white protagonists in historical
drama. It is fascinating: under represented characters! Hidden histories!
Diversity!
I am
starting to win awards for my research and I feel like a success story. Almost.
There's just one problem: I can't get funding. I keep missing out on
studentships and scholarships. These awards—which are mainly funded by research
councils or universities directly—are worth about ￡14，000－￡16，000 a year
and usually include a fee waiver (saving a further ￡5，000). That's
a lot of money.
But the
funding tends to go to students half my age with straight A academic
results—not to people like me, who have taken an unusual path to academia. When
I was turned down for the last studentship I applied for, I asked why. The
decision maker—a professor in my department and the head of a research
institute—told me “it all comes down to excellent academic results”．
They don't
say this on the application forms: it's all about the originality of your
project, your research statement, your supervisor's supporting statement, the
panel that considers you, the level of competition. But when it comes down to
it, this is clearly what they want. Someone with my background is never going
to get a studentship if the decisive criteria are undergraduate and master's
results.
When I
started my PhD and realised that I would need financial help, I went to the
student advice office and told them that I am a carer. They asked what that
meant and then offered me advice on benefits, but not funding. I went to the
student union advice service—they referred me back to student advice. I went to
the graduate school. Same response. I spoke to a vice dean and a chaplain. I
had to tell them what a carer is. You get the picture. I was invisible. So I
gave up, decided to apply annually for the studentships and kept my part time
job.
UCAS
announced this year that young carers will now be able to identify themselves
in their applications, so that universities will be able to support them. But
how is this going to happen if staff at these institutions don't even know what
a carer is
The
student welfare vice president at the union has finally agreed with me that
carers are an under supported and under represented group on campus. We are
going to ask student records to add an option to the equality and diversity
monitoring section, so that we can identify as carers and hopefully raise
awareness. Wish us luck.
（1）Put the following events in the correct order.
a. The author won awards for her research.
b. The author spoke to a vice dean and a chaplain.
c. The author decided to apply annually for studentships.
d. The author started her PhD.
A．dabc B．dcba C．cdab D．cdba
（2）According to the decision maker，the writer's application for funding was turned down mainly because ________．
A．she has a disabled son
B．her academic results were not good enough
C．the bureaucracy of caring kept her busy
D．the competition was too fierce
（3）It can be inferred from the passage that ________．
A．the writer likes reading success stories
B．the writer is a non white woman
C．carers deserve our attention and help
D．carers are favored in the process of application and enrollment
（4）According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE
A．Only undergraduates and masters can get the studentship.
B．In spite of her son's illness, the writer continued to work to feed her family.
C．The writer shows great interest and enthusiasm in her academic research.
D．The writer's disabled son does not respect his mother.
（5）The writer's purpose is mainly to ________．
A．call on more people to care about disabled teenagers
B．complain about the barriers she met in getting funding
C．inform the readers of a carer's difficulties
D．give advice on how to get a studentship
4．（2020·哈尔滨模拟）阅读理解
I
entered a cabinetmaking(家具制造)program. I
didn't think I would be good at making furniture. I'm not handy. Nobody in my
family is.
I had
great teachers, but making furniture is hard. There are so many steps and
something can go wrong at each one. I couldn't even get organized. My toolbox
always looked as if a hurricane had gone through it.
I didn't
fully know what I was committed to in the beginning, but I kept attending
class. I tried to be wrapped up in math. The projects forced me to solve new
kinds of problems. My brain started to build new connections. Working in this
new physical manner and giving it 100 percent of my effort had huge benefits
for my mental health. I got over my fear of embarrassment and asked for help at
every opportunity.
I
spent that year truly learning. True learning is the most challenging
experience, especially for those of us who are learning a new set of skills. I
could understand exactly what was wrong with the furniture I made, but I couldn't
fix those problems. And yet, I kept trying. I failed again and again, until I
learned to fail better.
In the
end, I finished the program—with honors,
no less! My grades were helped by my good written work. I also learned how to
use tools. Having to constantly push myself to step outside my comfort zone has
made me a more well-rounded person.
Maybe
most importantly, the school gave me a more realistic idea of my strengths and limitations.
I'm stronger than I thought!
（1）What can we know about the author from the first two paragraphs
A．She had a gift for making furniture.
B．She lacked practical skills.
C．She disliked making everything in a mess.
D．She went to the program to surprise her family.
（2）What was the biggest challenge the author encountered
A．Physical condition. B．Psychological preparation.
C．To know how to correct mistakes. D．Not being good at math.
（3）What do you think of the author
A．Hard-working and determined. B．Confident and efficient.
C．Cooperative and creative. D．Modest and talented.
（4）What did the author benefit most from the project
A．She won an award for good writing.
B．She became stronger both mentally and physically.
C．She became skillful at making furniture.
D．She had a better understanding of herself.
5．（2020·肇庆模拟）阅读理解
Growing up, I
thought math class was something to be endured, not enjoyed. I disliked
memorizing formulas(公式) and taking
tests, all for the dull goal of getting a good grade. One of my teachers told
my mother that I was “slow”. But my problem wasn't with math itself. In fact,
when a topic seemed particularly interesting, I would go to the library and
read more about it.
By high
school, no one told me that I could become a professional mathematician. What I
wanted to do then was to play college football. My ambition was to get an
athletic scholarship to attend a Big Ten school.
The chances
of that happening were very low. But that didn't stop my coaches from
encouraging me to believe I could reach my goal, and preparing and pushing me
to work for it. They made video tapes of my performances and sent them to
college coaches around the country. In the end, a Big Ten school, Penn State,
did offer me a scholarship.
I wish math
teachers were more like football coaches. Students are affected by more than
just the quality of a lesson plan. They also respond to the passion of their
teachers and the engagement of their peers, and they seek a sense of purpose.
They benefit from specific instructions and constant feedback(反馈).
Until I got
to college, I didn't really know what mathematics was. I still thought of it as
laborious(耗时费力的)
calculations. Then my professor handed me a book and suggested that I think
about a particular problem. It wasn't easy, but it was fascinating. My
professor kept giving me problems, and I kept pursuing them, even though I
couldn't always solve them immediately. The mathematical research I was doing
had little in common with what I did in my high school classrooms. Instead, it
was closer to the math and logic puzzles I did on my own as a boy. It gave me
that same sense of wonder and curiosity, and it rewarded creativity. I am now a
Ph. D candidate in mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
（1）Why did the writer think math class in school was “something to be endured” before entering college
A．Because he wasn't interested in math.
B．Because his math teachers didn't care to push him.
C．Because he was too smart and talented for math class.
D．Because he was training hard for an athletic scholarship.
（2）According to the writer students are affected by the following things from teachers or coaches EXCEPT ________.
A．a sense of purpose B．constant feedback
C．passion D．specific instructions
（3）We can conclude that after entering college, the writer ________.
A．was busy looking for math problems to solve
B．studied on his own just as he was in high school
C．met with laborious calculations in his studies
D．began to realize what mathematics really is
（4）What is the best title for the text
A．Interest is the best teacher
B．Be the best—you can make it
C．Math, taught like football
D．Once your teacher, always your teacher
6．（2020·温州模拟）阅读理解
In 1985, the BMX bike craze was at its height. Every kid in our community was doing tricks on their BMX Raleigh Burner. Every kid apart from two: me and Martin Ogley. Martin was the owner of a purple Raleigh Chopper, and to be seen riding it in 1985 was embarrassing. The kids would knock into Martin mercilessly at every opportunity. And although I didn't own any kind of bike, I would join in. I knew that by keeping the focus on Martin, I was less likely to be a target.
When other kids asked where my bike was I would say my BMX was so top-of-the-range that I didn't ride it on the street. While I knew it would not hold up forever, I wasn't too worried. The New Year was coming and, after months of complaining to my dad, I was confident that a BMX would appear.
On the New Year, I was disappointed to see Martin playing at the end of our street on what was clearly a brand-new BMX. As we entered the house, my eyes were drawn to where my presents were piled up. There was a bike. A purple Raleigh Chopper. You see, in the week before the New Year, my dad just happened to be drinking in the local working men's club with Martin's dad, who was eager to sell an old bike after buying his son a new one.
It wasn't until I was in my 30s that we were in that same working men's club and I reminded my dad of that year, the year of Martin Ogley's Chopper. I thought he wouldn't remember the whole thing, but he did. And so I asked him the question: How the hell did I end up with Martin Ogle's Chopper And my dad smiled and said as though it were the most obvious thing in the world, “Well, because you were mean to Martin.”
（1）Why did the writer join the kids in treating Martin badly
A．To protect Martin. B．To be friends with them.
C．To get Martin's bike. D．To avoid being the focus.
（2）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined words “hold up”
A．Work. B．Stop. C．Fail. D．Stay.
（3）How did the writer's father get the purple bike
A．He bought it from the market. B．He got it from Martin's father.
C．He asked Martin to give it away. D．He exchanged it with his friend.
7．（2020·江苏模拟）阅读理解
My day
began on a definitely sour note when I saw my six-year-old wrestling with a limb
of my azalea(杜鹃花)bush. By the time I got outside,
he'd broken it. "Can I take this to school today " he asked. With a wave
of my hand, I sent him off. I turned my back so he wouldn't see the tears gathering
in my eyes.
The washing machine had leaked on my brand-new
linoleum. If only my husband had just taken the time to fix it the night before
when I asked him instead of playing checkers with Jonathan.
It was days like this that made me want to quit.
I just wanted to drive up to the mountains, hide in a cave, and never come out.
Somehow I spent most of the day washing and
drying clothes and thinking how love had disappeared from my life. As I finished
hanging up the last of my husband's shirts, I looked at the clock. 2: 30. I was
late. Jonathan's class let out at 2: 15 and I hurriedly drove to the school.
I was out of breath by the time I knocked on
the teacher's door and peered through the glass. She rustled through the door and
took me aside. "I want to talk to you about Jonathan," she said.
I prepared myself for the worst. Nothing would
have surprised me. "Did you know Jonathan brought flowers to school today "
she asked. I nodded, thinking about my favorite bush and trying to hide the hurt
in my eyes. "Let me tell you about yesterday," the teacher insisted. "See
that little girl " I watched the bright-eyed child laugh and point to a colorful
picture taped to the wall. I nodded.
"Well, yesterday she was almost hysterical.
Her mother and father are going through a nasty divorce. She told me she didn't
want to live, she wished she could die. I watched that little girl bury her face
in her hands and say loud enough for the class to hear, 'Nobody loves me'. I did
all I could to comfort her, but it only seemed to make matters worse." "I
thought you wanted to talk to me about Jonathan," I said.
"I do," she said, touching the sleeve
of my blouse. "Today your son walked straight over to that child. I watched
him hand her some pretty pink flowers and whisper, 'I love you.'"
I felt my heart swell with pride for what my
son had done. I smiled at the teacher. "Thank you," I said, reaching for
Jonathan's hand, "you've made my day."
Later that evening, I began pulling weeds from
around my azalea bush. As my mind wandered back to the love Jonathan showed the
little girl, a biblical verse came to me: "... these three remain: faith, hope
and love. But the greatest of these is love." While my son had put love into
practice, I had only felt anger.
I heard the familiar squeak of my husband's
brakes as he pulled into the drive. I snapped a small limb bristling with hot pink
azaleas off the bush. I felt the seed of love that God planted in my family beginning
to bloom once again in me. My husband's eyes widened in surprise as I handed him
the flowers. "I love you," I said.
（1）Why did the woman cry when seeing her son had broken the azalea bush
A．Because she could not tolerate the harm to it.
B．Because it made her bad mood even worse.
C．Because her son did not ask her for permission.
D．Because she wanted to hand it to her husband.
（2）The writer wanted to hide in the mountain cave probably for the reason of _______.
A．feeling fed up with her endless daily housework
B．her husband's failing to fix the machine in time
C．boring daily routine with a feeling of lack of love
D．her hoping to seek happiness in a brand new place
（3）We can infer from the passage that the writer expressed love to her husband in that _______.
A．she was inspired by her son that love was supposed to be felt and practiced
B．she felt guilty that she misunderstood her husband and wanted to apologize
C．she felt it necessary to have a complete family for the happiness of herself
D．she wanted to prove her love and expected the same words from her husband
8．（2020·南京模拟）阅读理解
In 2010, after six years of training and further six years on the wards, I resigned from my job as a junior doctor. My parents still haven't forgiven me.
Last year, the General Medical Council wrote to me to say they were taking my name off the medical register. It wasn't exactly a huge shock, as I hadn't practiced medicine in half a decade.
It was, however, excellent news for my spare room, as I cleared out box after box of old paperwork, tearing files up fast. One thing I did rescue from the jaws of death was my training portfolio (档案袋). All doctors are recommended to log their clinical experience, in what's known as reflective practice'. On looking through this portfolio for the first time in years, my reflective practice seemed to involve going up to my hospital on-call room and writing down anything remotely interesting that had happened that day.
Among the funny and the dull, I was reminded of the long hours and the huge impact being B. junior doctor had on my life. Reading back, it felt extreme and unreasonable in terms of what was expected of me, but at the time I'd just accepted it as part of the job. There were points where I wouldn't have stepped back if an entry read "had to eat a helicopter today".
Around the same time that I was reliving all this through my diaries, junior doctors in the here and now were coming under fire from politicians. I couldn't help but feel doctors were struggling to get their side of the story across(probably because they were at work the whole time)and it struck me that the public weren't hearing the truth about what it actually means to be a doctor. Rather than shrugging my shoulders and ignoring the evidence, I decided I had to do something to redress thebalance.
So here they are: the diaries I kept during my time in the NHS, verrucas()and all. What it's like working on the front line, the consequences in my personal life, and how, one terrible day, it all became too much for me. (Sorry for the spoiler of my book beforehand, but you still watched Titanic knowing how that was going to play out.)
Along the way, I'll help you out with the medical terminology(术语) and provide a bit of context about what each job involved. Unlike being a junior doctor, I won't just drop you in the deep end and expect you to know exactly what you're doing.
（1）Which of the following can be put in the blank in Paragraph 2
A．But I found it a hard job to pick up my practice of medicine.
B．But I found it an easy task to turn over a new leaf in the long term.
C．But I found it a simple act to get involved in self-reflection as a junior doctor.
D．But I found it a big deal on an emotional level to permanently close this chapter of my life.
（2）The author cleared out box after box of old paperwork so fast because
A．he was disappointed at being dismissed from the NHS
B．being removed from his position served his purpose
C．being rescued from the jaws of death discouraged him
D．he had promised to keep his patients' personal information secret
（3）The phrase" had to eat a helicopter today" in Paragraph 4 indicates that a junior doctor has to___.
A．work hard for promotion
B．equip himself with practical skills
C．look through all the portfolios
D．live up to some extreme expectations
（4）Which of the following best explains "redress the balance" underlined in Paragraph 5
A．Argue with politicians. B．Tell the full story of doctors.
C．Collect more solid evidence. D．Win the support of the public.
（5）What does the author intend to do by writing this article
A．Reveal what it means to be a junior doctor.
B．Inform readers of some medical knowledge.
C．Give some background information on a book.
D．Encourage more people to practice medicine.
（6）What attitude does the author hold towards the NHS
A．Critical. B．Appreciative C．Ambiguous. D．Doubtful.
9．（2020·密云模拟）阅读理解
Papa, as a son of a dirt-poor farmer, left
school early and went to work in a factory, for education was for the rich
then. So, the world became his school. With great interest, he read everything
he could lay his hands on, listened to the town elders and learned about the
world beyond his tiny hometown. "There's so much to learn," he'd say.
"Though we're born stupid, only the stupid remain that way." He was
determined that none of his children would be denied an education.
Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at
least one new thing each day. Though, as children, we thought this was crazy,
it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request. And dinner time
seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned. We would talk about the news of
the day; no matter how insignificant, it was
never taken lightly. Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some
comment, always to the point.
Then came the moment—the time to share the
day's new learning.
Papa, at the head of the table, would push
back his chair and pour a glass of red wine, ready to listen.
"Felice," he'd say, "tell me
what you learned today."
"I learned that the population of
Nepal is ..." Silence.
Papa was thinking about what was said, as
if the salvation of the world would depend upon it. "The population of
Nepal. Hmm. Well …" he'd say. "Get the map; let's see where Nepal is."
And the whole family went on a search for Nepal.
This same experience was repeated until
each family member had a turn. Dinner ended only after we had a clear understanding
of at least half a dozen such facts.
As children, we thought very little about
these educational wonders. Our family, however, was growing together, sharing
experiences and participating in one another's education. And by looking at us,
listening to us, respecting our input, affirming our value, giving us a sense
of dignity, Papa was unquestionably our most influential teacher.
Later during my training as a future
teacher, I studied with some of the most famous educators. They were imparting what
Papa had known all along—the value of continual learning. His technique has
served me well all my life. Not a single day has been wasted, though I can
never tell when knowing the population of Nepal might prove useful.
（1）What do we know from the first paragraph
A．The poor could hardly afford school education.
B．Those born stupid could not change their life.
C．The town elders wanted to learn about the world.
D．The author's father was born in a worker's family.
（2）The underlined word "it" in the second paragraph refers to "__________".
A．one new thing B．a request C．some comment D．the news
（3）It can be learned from the passage that the author ___________.
A．enjoyed talking about news
B．knew very well about Nepal
C．appreciated his father's educational technique
D．felt regret about those wasted days
（4）What is the greatest value of "dinner time" to the author
A．Showing talents. B．Continual learning.
C．Family get-together. D．Winning Papa's approval.
10．（2020·东城模拟）阅读理解
It's a Saturday night, the kids are asleep and
we have no plans. Before we fall into our routine and watch a movie, I try to
talk my husband into playing a card game. Unconvinced, he continues tapping
away on his phone. But just before disappearing into the social media rabbit
hole, he has an idea. He looks over me and suggests, "Why don't we try
calling one of our friends "
I look at him
with raised brows, as if his suggestion is somewhat ridiculous and perhaps even
socially unacceptable. You can't just call someone out of the blue now…right
But then I think again and realize that at one point in time, in the not so
distant past, this was the norm. I spent my early teenage years connecting with
friends through a phone that was connected to a wall. It wasn't "smart",
but it allowed me to keep in touch with the latest gossip and news. We would
chat for hours, sometimes while I hid under my blanket in order to avoid the
chance of being caught by my parents.
I could even
memorize the phone numbers of loved ones then. While I did own an address
book—and there was always the White Pages, where you could look people up by
their names—I had the contact details of special friends, first loves and
family members committed to memory. I guess these days, they would be on my "Favorites"
list in my smartphone.
Today, many of my
"favorite" people are followed from a distance through social media,
and even they very rarely—if ever—would get an actual call from me. The birth
announcement by my oldest friend is received through catching a well-defined
bump into a photo that I scroll past. The news of a divorce from a couple whom
I had considered my second parents when I was in middle school arrives after a
photo of a woman led me on a quest for more gossip. Bits of such information, a
collection of wonderful, exciting, shocking and also boring news, may have been
a part of my digital feed for years. The idea of actually picking up the phone
to reconnect with a long-lost friend is an intimidating one—even seeing the
name of an old friend pop up in an incoming call can feel a little afraid.
I ask my husband,
"Who would we call " After tossing around a few names, we agree on
some potential candidates—people whose lives have taken them in different
directions, but with whom we still share deep friendships.
（1）How does the author feel about her husband's suggestion at first
A．Excited. B．Motivated. C．Nervous. D．Surprised.
（2）With the phone, the author's teenage years was_____.
A．difficult but interesting B．peaceful and meaningful
C．pleasant and unforgettable D．inconvenient but enjoyable
（3）In the following days, the couple may ____.
A．share more of their private information with others
B．contact more long-lost friends through social media
C．have more personal communications with their friends
D．add more friends' names to the contact lists in their phones
11．（2020·扬州模拟）阅读理解
We were five minutes into a severe
winter storm-approaching Boston's Logan International Airport-when I turned to
the woman next to me and said, "Hey, would you mind chatting with me
for a few
minutes " My seatmate seemed friendly and I suddenly felt desperate for a
human connection.
"Sure. My name is Sue, "the
woman replied, smiling warmly. "What brings you to Boston " I
started to
explain that I was on a business trip. Then the plane trembled violently, and I
blurted out, "I might need to hold your hand too. "Sue took my hand
in both of hers, patted it, and held on tight.
Sometimes a stranger can
significantly improve our day. ①A pleasant meeting with
someone we
don't know, even an unspoken exchange, can calm us when no one else is around. It
may get us out of our own heads-a proven mood lifter-and help broaden our
vision. Sandstrom, a psychologist and senior lecturer at the University of Essex,
has found that people's moods improve after they have a conversation with a
stranger. And yet most of us resist talking to people we don't
know or
barely know. We worry about how to start,
maintain, or stop it. We think we will keep talking and disclose too much, or
not talk enough. We are afraid we will bore the other person.
We're typically wrong.
② In a study in which Sandstrom asked participants to
talk to at least one stranger a day for five days, 99 percent said they had
found at least one of the exchanges pleasantly surprising, 82 percent said
they'd learned something from one of the strangers, 43 percent had exchanged
contact information, and 40 percent had communicated with one of the strangers
again.
③Multiple studies show that
people who interact regularly with passing acquaintances or who engage with
others through community groups, religious gatherings, or volunteer
opportunities have better emotional and physical health and live longer than
those who do not. One person took up the cello after chatting with a woman on
the subway who was carrying one. Another recalled how the smile of a fruit
salesman from whom he regularly bought bananas made him feel
less lonely
after he'd first arrived in a new city.
④When Sue took my hand on
that scary flight to Boston, I almost wept with relief. "Hey, this is a
little bumpy, but we will be on the ground safely soon, "she told me. She
looked so encouraging, and confident. I asked her what she did for a living. "I'm
a retired physical education teacher, and I coached women's volleyball, "she
said. Immediately, I could see what an awesome coach she must have been.
When we said
goodbye, I gave Sue a big hug and my card. A few days later, I received an
e-mail with
the subject line" Broken hand on Jet Blue. ""I have to admit
that I was just as scared as you were but did not say it, "Sue wrote. "I
just squeezed your hand as hard as I could. Thank you for helping me through
this very scary situation. "She added that when she'd told her friends
about our conversation, they teased her because they know she loves to talk. I
told my friends about Sue too. I explained how kind she was to
me, and what I learned: It's OK to ask for help from a stranger if you need it.
Now if I mention to my friends that I am stressed or worried, they respond, "Just
think of Sue!"
（1）The writer struck up a conversation with her seatmate because
A．they were heading for the same city on business
B．she was in urgent need of emotional comfort
C．the plane's abrupt movement was unbearable
D．the woman was friendlier than other passengers
（2）What benefit does a pleasant exchange with strangers bring us
A．It lights up our otherwise unsuccessful life.
B．It saves us the trouble of talking too much.
C．It improves our ability to think and understand.
D．It guarantees us a lasting feeling of happiness.
（3）Why does the writer mention the study conducted by Sandstrom
A．To present the benefits of interacting with acquaintances.
B．To show it lifts mood to make and meet with new friends.
C．To stress it is necessary to associate with unknown people.
D．To relieve anxiety about communicating with strangers.
（4）The sentence" You don't even have to talk to complete strangers to obtain the benefit" can be put in_____
A．① B．② C．③ D．④
（5）What does the underlined sentence imply
A．The writer was impressed with Sue' s ability to inspire others.
B．The writer herself could have been a volleyball player.
C．Sue possessed obvious characters of a qualified PE teacher.
D．Sue became the coach of the writer as a consequence.
（6）How did the writer probably feel while reading Sue' s e-mail
A．Regretful. B．Surprised. C．Disappointed. D． Satisfied.
12．（2020·盐城模拟）阅读理解
There
are times when I set off for my running-group sessions with little enthusiasm.
It might be because I'm tired, or stressed, or have had to unwillingly tear
myself away form something else. I'm the coach, so I can't choose to give it a
miss.
It was yet another cold, dark, wet evening and i wasn't feeling the love as I gathered all the necessary outfits—head torch, reflective waterproof jacket, hat and gloves. No one in their right mind will come out in this weather, I thought. But when I turned into the car park, my headlights picked out runners making a dash through the rain to our meeting point, where others were already working out to stay warm, with chat, laughter and hugs. They, too, I realized, might be tired, stressed or busy. But, unlike me, they had a choice abo9ut whether to come running or stay at home. And that makes their decision to come —and to keep on coming —all the more uplifting. As on so many other occasions, I went home from the run feeling better than when I'd arrived.
I
believe one of the strongest motivations behind these runners' decisions to
come along is being part of a group. Belonging to a running community makes
running greater than the sum of its parts. It's no longer just a workout; it's
a catch-up with friends, a laugh and a shared experience. It provides a space
to share your running triumphs and disappointments, to be congratulated and
comforted, and, just as important, to congratulate and comfort others.
Research
has long shown the likelihood of staying motivated is higher when exercise
takes place in a group. The reasons are many. A study at the University of
Southern California found people enjoy physical activity more when the y are
with others and are more likely to keep it up over the long term. There's also
an element of social facilitation—an "I'm
not going to let XX beat me" attitude that drives you to push harder and
produces a greater sense of achievement. And research by Strava in 2017 found
running in a group made runners go faster and further. Using data from 90
million runs taking place all over the world, Strava found that the average
pace of runs taking place in a group was seven seconds per mile quicker than
solo runs, and the distance covered was an average of 1.3 miles further.
I
joke about people being more motivated to come to my running sessions by the
tea and biscuits afterwards than by the running itself. There's probably some
truth in that, but it doesn't matter. Those laughter-and chatter-filled minutes
are every bit as important as the running in between.
（1）The author sometimes feels _____ to go coaching the running group.
A．reluctant B．content C．excited D．frustrated
（2）Why is being part of a group most motivational
A．It involves a coach offering assistance.
B．It creates space to socialize with others.
C．It inspires members to beat their records.
D．It frees runners form boring daily routines.
（3）That being in a group promotes performance is proven by _____.
A．citing a typical example B．listing accurate statistics
C．performing an experiment D．sharing his own experience.
（4）Tea and biscuits in running sessions are meant to _____.
A．attract more runners form other groups
B．build up some strength before running
C．make his running group stand out of all
D．add more life to their running experience
13．（2020·江苏模拟）阅读理解
Looking
back on too many years of education, I can identify one truly impossible teacher.
She cared about me, and my intellectual life, even when I didn't. Her expectations
were high—impossibly so. She was an English teacher. She was also my mother.
When good students turn in an essay, they dream
of their instructor returning it to them in exactly the same condition, save for
a single word added in the margin of the final page: "Flawless." This
dream came true for me one afternoon in the ninth course, I had heard that genius
could show itself at an early age, so I was only slightly taken aback that I had
achieved perfection at the age of 14. Obviously, I did what any professional writer
would do; I hurried off to spread the good news. I didn't get very far. The first
person I told was my mother.
My mother is normally incredibly soft-spoken,
but when she got angry, she was terrifying. I am not sure if she was more upset
by my hubris(得意忘形)or by the fact that my English
teacher had let my ego get so out of hand. In any event, my mother and her red
pen showed me how deeply flawed a flawless essay could be. At the time, I am
sure she thought she was teaching me about transitions(过渡), structure, style and voice. But what I learned was a deeper lesson
about the nature of creative criticism.
Creative
criticism implies something about who is able to give it, who knows you well enough
to show you how your mental life is getting in the way of good writing. They are
also the people who care enough to see you through this painful realization. ①
I
was lucky enough to find a critic and teacher who was willing to make the journey
of writing with me." It is a thing of no great difficulty," according
to Plutarch, "to raise objections against another man's speech, it is a very
easy matter; but to produce a better in its place is a work extremely troublesome."
Perhaps Plutarch is suggesting something a bit closer to Marcus Cicero's claim that
one should" criticize by creation, not by finding fault." Genuine criticism
creates a precious opening for an author to become better on his own terms—a process
that is often extremely painful, but also almost always meaningful.
② My mother said she would help me with my writing,
but first I had to help myself. For each assignment, I was to write the best essay
I could. Real criticism is not meant to find obvious mistakes, so if she found any—the
type I could have found on my own—I had to start from scratch. From scratch. Once
the essay was" flawless", she would take an evening to walk me through
my errors. ③
She criticized me when I included little-known
references and professional jargon(行话). She had
no patience for brilliant but irrelevant figures of speech. Somewhere along the
way I set aside my hopes of writing that flawless essay. ④ But perhaps I missed something important in my
mother's lessons about creativity and perfection. Perhaps the point of writing the
flawless essay was not to give up, but to never willingly finish. Whitman repeatedly
reworked "Song of Myself" between 1855 and 1891. Repeatedly. We do our
absolute best with a piece of writing, and come as close as we can to the ideal.
And, for the time being, we settle. In critique, however, we are forced to depart,
to give up the perfection we thought we had achieved for the chance of being even
a little bit better. This is the lesson I took from my mother: If perfection were
possible, it would not be motivating.
（1）What can we learn from the second paragraph
A．The author performed perfectly as a professional writer.
B．The author didn't think he was good at writing a flawless essay.
C．The author never dreamed of his essay being marked as" flawless".
D．The author was not much surprised at his essay being marked as" flawless".
（2）What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean
A．The author's mother taught him about the structure of a perfect essay.
B．The author's mother pointed out lots of faults in his seemingly perfect essay.
C．The author's mother taught him how to leave a lasting mark on the essay.
D．The author's mother underlined the important style and voice in his essay.
（3）About the interpretation of Plutarch's words, the author probably agrees that _______.
A．giving constructive criticism is an easy matter
B．criticizing someone is painful and meaningless
C．finding fault is better than coming up with a better work
D．criticizing someone's speech is easier than coming up with a better one
（4）Where can the following sentence most probably be put
That was when true criticism, the type that changed me as a person, began.
A．① B．② C．③ D．④
（5）Which of the following words can best describe the author's mother
A．generous and strict B．demanding and caring
C．stubborn and loving D．critical and troublesome
（6）What could be the best title for the passage
A．The Perfect Essay B．My Dear Mother
C．True Criticism D．The Skills of Writing
14．（2020·临汾模拟）阅读理解
When I was a child, I dreamed of becoming many things.
Sometimes, I wished I was an astronaut going up into space, finding new planets
and jumping around in a cool space suit. Other times, I imagined being a cowboy
in the Wild West, wearing stylish cowboy boots. On other occasions, I pretended
to be a famous footballer, using my skills to score lots of goals for my team.
Looking back, I realize that imagination is a wonderful
thing. I was able to create entire environments and scenarios in my
head, using nothing more than my brain, and to be able to adapt things in my
everyday surroundings to fit the specific story of the day. Growing up with
siblings (兄弟姐妹) also helped, as it meant
that even bigger stories could be created, combining our ideas and putting our
thoughts into action. It also allowed for more varieties in the stories, as
sometimes I could be the hero while on other occasions, I would be the bad guy.
One of my all-time favorite memories as a kid was playing
in my back garden. I played the role of Indiana Jones, which cleaned up at the
cinema at that time, with my younger sister as my assistant and my brother as a
bad person. We used everything in our garden, from the path to the fence, as
part of the storyline to create obstacles that needed to be overcome, and we
would keep the story going for hours!
My personal favorite game was Indiana Jones and the Stolen
Easter Eggs, where my brother hid small chocolate eggs around the garden and my
sister and I had to find them by answering questions or solving a puzzle. It
was difficult, but eventually we found all the eggs and shared them together.
Since then, I have seen many great things and met many
amazing people. The elements of fun and varieties of my creative imaginations
are what I try to bring into every part of my positive life. So I can enjoy
sharing with and hearing about other people's stories, too.
（1）What do we know about the author from his childhood
A．He enjoyed living a life full of freedom.
B．He was longing to experience adventurous things.
C．He was always imagining a bright life for his future.
D．He had a clear picture of what he would do after growing up.
（2）Which of the following can best replace the underlined word "scenarios" in Paragraph 2
A．experiences B．situations C．positions D．excuses
（3）From the passage, we know that Indiana Jones was .
A．an astronaut B．a famous footballer
C．a hot film D．a very popular book
（4）What would be the best title for the passage
A．My Creative Imagination. B．My Childhood.
C．My Positive Life Today. D．My Pride in Myself.
15．（2020高三下·静海月考）阅读理解
What is one of the most
boring and tiresome words ever Like discipline, responsibility is one of those
words you have probably heard so many times from authority figures that you
have been a bit allergic to it. Still, it's one of the most important things to
grow and to feel good about your life. Without it as a foundation nothing else
in any personal development book really works.
It's been said that the
line between childhood and adulthood is crossed when we move from saying
"It got lost" to "I lost it". Indeed, being accountable,
understanding and accepting the role our choices play in the things that happen
are important signs of emotional and moral maturity. That's why responsibility
is one of the main supports of good character.
Many people have been
refusing to grow up and avoiding the burdens implied in being accountable. Yes,
responsibility sometimes requires us to do things that are unpleasant or even
frightening. It asks us to carry our own weight, prepare and set goals and
exercise the discipline to reach our ambitions. But the benefits of accepting
responsibility are far more important than the short-lived advantages of
refusing to do so. No one makes his or her life better by avoiding
responsibility. In fact, irresponsibility is a form of self-forced servitude (苦役)to circumstances and to other people.
George Bernard Shaw once said, "People are always blaming their circumstances for what they are. I don't believe in circumstances. The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for the circumstances they want, and, if they can't find them, make them." "Man must stop owing his problems to his environment and learn again to exercise his will —his personal responsibility in the realm of faith and morals," said Albert Schweitzer.
The following incident
shows blaming others and not taking full responsibility: Bernard L. Brow. Jr.
once worked in a hospital where a patient knocked over a cup of water, which
spilled on the floor beside the patient's bed. The patient was afraid he might
slip on the water if he got out of the bed, so he asked a nurse to mop it up.
The patient didn't know it, but the hospital policy said that small spills were
the responsibility of the nurse while large spills were to be mopped up by the
hospital's housekeeping group.
The nurse decided the spill
was a large one and she called the housekeeping group. A housekeeper arrived
and declared the spill a small one. An argument followed. "It's not my
response." Well, it's not mine." she said," the puddle is too
small."
The angry patient listened
for a time, then took a pitcher of water from his night table and poured the
whole thing on the floor. "Is that a big enough puddle now for you two to
decide " he asked. It was, and that was the end of the argument.
So, responsibility is about
our ability to respond to circumstances and to choose the attitudes, actions
and reactions that shape our lives. It is a concept of power that puts us in
the driver's seat. The grand sight of the potential of our lives can only be
appreciated when we begin to be accountable and independent. If you want more
control over your life and the pleasures, power of freedom and independence,
all you have to do is be responsible. Responsible people not only depend on
themselves, but show others that they can be depended on.
（1）Those who escape from accepting responsibility________.
A．can't achieve their goals in a short time
B．can benefit from not growing up in the end
C．can miss the advantages of being a responsible person
D．can avoid the burdens of unpleasant or frightening things
（2）What does the underlined part "get on" mean
A．Succeed. B．Struggle. C．Serve. D．Exist.
（3）What does George Bernard Shaw's saying imply
A．We shouldn't care what kind of situations we're in.
B．We shouldn't owe failure to the sense of responsibility.
C．We should bear responsibility regardless of situations.
D．We should first step out of our present circumstances.
（4）Why was the patient quite angry, with the nurse and the housekeeper
A．Because he had slipped on the water by chance.
B．Because he had to mop up the water by himself.
C．Because he didn't like the noise made in hospital.
D．Because he found them refusing their responsibility.
（5）What is the author's understanding of responsibility in the last paragraph
A．It shapes our lives with more opportunities.
B．It enables us to react with dependable attitude.
C．It encourages us to be more helpful and independent.
D．It strengthens our ability to fight against bad circumstances.
16．（2020高三下·静海月考）阅读理解
I believe that my actions show
my beliefs, not my words.
I wrote a letter to my kids
a few years ago. It's three pages long, and it sums up my life experience of four
decades. By the time they reach adulthood, they will have heard most of their father's
advice in that letter: live in the moment, do not attach yourself to physical things,
treat others the way you would like to be treated, etc. I sealed the letter in a
white envelope, and wrote instructions that nobody should open it unless something
horrible happened to me.
As a police officer, I have
seen life disappear in an instant. I realize that could happen to me at any time.
Yet knowing that letter is there in my locker makes me more comfortable with my
own death.
Every day, when I open my locker,
I see the letter. It makes me aware that I should be careful at work, and show my
children and the people I have connection with that I try to practice everything
I have written. If that day comes and my children finally read the letter, I hope
that because of my actions, they will take my written beliefs to heart and improve
upon my example.
But for me, it's not enough to write down my beliefs. I try to be the best person I can be every day—even in very difficult circumstances. I am more successful some days than others, but sometimes I curse too much. Sometimes I am cynical, unwilling to believe that people have good and honest reasons for doing something. I also get stressed and upset, yelling at my kids sometimes, and sometimes I am not as loving or as sympathetic as I should be. In fact, I am far from perfect, but I hope my children will eventually realize that perfection is an illusion. What really matters is that, instead of just writing down our beliefs, we all take action to be the best humans we can be.
（1）Which of the following can best describe the author
A．Hardworking and humorous. B．Courageous and sensitive.
C．Selfless. D．Considerate.
（2）Why did the author open the locker to see the letter every day
A．He wanted to confirm his beliefs.
B．The letter served as a reminder.
C．He kept adding something new to it.
D．His kids asked him to check it.
（3）What can we learn about the letter written by the author
A．The author was in his forties when writing it.
B．The kids were too young to understand the tips in it.
C．The author was sure of its positive effects on his kids.
D．The author hoped it wouldn't be opened until bad things occurred.
（4）Which can replace the underlined word in the last paragraph
A．Doubtful about others' motivations. B．Curious about everything around.
C．Particular about himself. D．Unsatisfied about his profession.
（5）What is the author's understanding of life
A．That fathers should take care of their children.
B．To become a perfect man.
C．To be better today than yesterday.
D．That bad guys deserve to be punished.
17．（2020·天河模拟）阅读理解
Two of the saddest words in the English language are "if
only". I live my life with the goal of never having to say those words, because
they convey regret, lost opportunities, mistakes, and disappointment.
My father is famous in our family for saying, "Take the
extra minute to do it right." I always try to live by the "extra minute"
rule. When my children were young and likely to cause accidents, I always thought
about what I could do to avoid an "if only" moment, whether it was something
minor like moving a cup full of hot coffee away from the edge of a counter, or something
that required a little more work such as taping padding (衬垫) onto the sharp corners of a glass coffee table.
I don't only avoid those "if only" moments when it
comes to safety. It's equally important to avoid "if only" in our personal
relationships. We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they had
foregone an opportunity to say "I love you" or "I forgive
you." When my father announced he was going to the eye doctor across from my
office on Good Friday, I told him that it was a holiday for my company and I wouldn't
be here. But then I thought about the fact that he's 84 years old and I realized
that I shouldn't give up an opportunity to see him. I called him and told him I
had decided to go to work on my day off after all.
I know there will still be occasions when I have to say
"if only" about something, but my life is definitely better because of
my policy of doing everything possible to avoid that eventuality. And even though
it takes an extra minute to do something right, or it occasionally takes an hour
or two in my busy schedule to make a personal connection, I know that I'm doing
the right thing. I'm buying myself peace of mind and that's the best kind of insurance
for my emotional well-being.
（1）Which of the following is an example of the "extra minute" rule
A．Start the car the moment everyone is seated.
B．Leave the room for a minute with the iron working.
C．Wait for an extra minute so that the steak tastes better.
D．Move an object out of the way before it trips someone.
（2）The author decided to go to her office on Good Friday to ______.
A．keep her appointment with the eye doctor
B．meet her father who was already an old man
C．join in the holiday celebration of the company
D．finish her work before the deadline approached
（3）The underlined word "foregone" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.
A．abandoned B．lacked C．avoided D．taken
（4）What is the best title for the passage
A．To Keep Emotional Well-being B．To Prevent "If Only" Moments
C．To Follow the Most Useful Rule D．To Achieve the Peace of Mind
18．（2019·重庆模拟）阅读理解
America is well known for being a
melting pot of different ethnic groups and cultures, but nowhere is this
diversity more pronounced than in Queens, New York.
Here, second-generation Puerto Ricans
live alongside third-generation Greeks and first-generation Koreans, all united
by a common feeling of pride in their American identity. However, they are also
proud and curious about their ancestral roots. National Geographic's
Genographic Project, also known as the Human Family Tree, set out to trace the
origins by examining their genetic makeup using a simple DNA test. What
interested them more was something that intrigues us all: the history of our
recent ancestry. One recurring theme among immigrants seems to be the
hard work and sacrifices that went into building a new life, and how their
descendants now feel a duty to honor that effort by working hard too. Here is
one Queens resident's story.
Richard, 38
My great-grandfather Tomas came to
America from Poland when he was fifteen. His mother had died, and his father
remarried. Tomas didn't like his stepmother, so he ran away to Belgium, where
he boarded a ship to America—without a ticket. Arriving in America with
nothing, he got a job on the railroads in California. Then one day he saw an
announcement in a newspaper that was read by immigrants. It was from his
brother in New York who was also seeking his fortune in America and was looking
for him. Tomas got in touch and they had an emotional reunion in New York,
where Tomas subsequently settled. This is the story that my grandmother has
passed down to us, to my parents, and all my aunts and uncles. She is an
amazing woman and I suppose: the one who holds us all together. She's actually
quite forgetful now, but she never forgets family details. What that has meant
is that all of us have a strong family bond and a strong sense of belonging to
a group that has struggled and fought together to steered here.
（1）What is special about Queens
A．Conflicting ethnic minorities live here.
B．Many foreigners like to travel to this place.
C．The pronunciation varies from person to person.
D．Many different people and cultures are gathering here.
（2）What does the "one recurring theme" in paragraph 2 refer to
A．A sad experience. B．A common subject.
C．An unknown topic. D．An unusual quality.
（3）Which of the following can best describe Tomas
A．Brave and independent. B．Tough and honest.
C．Talented and persistent. D．Kind and hard-working.
（4）What can we know about the immigrants from the text
A．They are ashamed of their roots.
B．They feel attached to their family.
C．They can't fit in with the new surroundings.
D．They are less interested in recent generations.
19．（2019·浙江）阅读理解
California has lost half its big trees since
the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems
to be a major factor（因素）.
The number of trees larger than two feet across
has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests,
the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast
to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra
high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts
of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said
Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters
targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire
control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big
trees for resources（资源）.
But in comparing a study of California forests
done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and
his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even
in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas
where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out
water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting
in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall,
air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt（融雪）.
Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest
factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which
cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the
water supply available to trees during the dry season.
（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B．The increasing variety of California big trees.
C．The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D．The influence of farming on big trees in California.
（2）Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees
A．Ecological studies of forests. B．Banning woodcutting.
C．Limiting housing development. D．Fire control measures.
（3）What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre
A．Inadequate snowmelt. B．A longer dry season.
C．A warmer climate. D．Dampness of the air.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text
A．California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone
B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon.
C．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests
D．Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
20．（2019高三上·天津月考）阅读理解
Failure is probably the most exhausting
experience a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding.
We experience this tiredness in
two ways: as start-up fatigue(疲惫) and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep
putting off a task because it has either too boring or too difficult. And the
longer we delay it, the more tired we feel.
Such start-up fatigue is very
real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones.
The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the
most difficult job first.
Years ago, I was asked to write
102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I
determined to write them in alphabetical(按字母顺序), never letting myself leave
out a tough idea. And I always started the day's work with the difficult task
of essay-writing. Experience proved that the rule works.
Performance fatigue is more
difficult to handle. Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the
job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail
again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can-then let the
unconscious take over.
When planning Encyclopaedia
Britannica (《大英百科全书》), I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its
articles. Nothing like this had ever been done before, and day after dat I kept
coming up with solutions, but none of them worked. My fatigue became almost
unbearable.
One day, mentally exhausted, I
wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved. I tried to
convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me.
Relived, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.
An hour later, I woke up
suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. In the weeks that followed, the
solution which had come up in my unconscious mind provided correct at every
step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as
exciting as failure had been depressing.
Human beings, I believe must
try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired.
（1）People with start-up fatigue are most likely to .
A．delay tasks B．work hard C．seek help D．accept failure
（2）What does the author recommend doing to prevent start-up fatigue
A．Writing essays in strict order.
B．Building up physical strength.
C．Leaving out

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