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2022年高考英语阅读专题练习：科技的影响 （The influence of technology）
一、阅读理解-阅读选择（共12小题；共96分）
How Colleges Can Measure Up in Teaching "Critical Thinking"
After becoming president of Purdue University in 2013, Mitch Daniels asked the teaching staff to prove that their students have actually achieved one of higher education's most important goals: critical thinking skills. _____1_____ Mr. Daniels needed to justify the high cost of attending Purdue to its students and their families. After all, the percentage of Americans who say a college degree is "very important" has fallen dramatically in the last 5-6 years.
Purdue now has a pilot test to assess students' critical thinking skills. _____2_____ However, they need not worry so much. The results of a recent experiment showed that professors could use standard grading scale to measure how well students did in three key areas: critical thinking, written communication and language literacy.
_____3_____ The organizers of the experiment concluded that far fewer students were achieving at high levels on critical thinking than they were doing for written communication or language literacy. And that conclusion is based only on students nearing graduation.
American universities, despite their global reputation for excellence in teaching, have only begun to demonstrate what they can produce in real-world learning. Knowledge-based degrees are still important, but employers are demanding advanced thinking skills from college graduates. _____4_____
1. A.If the intellectual worth of a college degree can be accurately measured, more people will seek higher education—and come out better thinkers.
B.Two years before, a nationwide study of college graduates had shown that more than a third had made no significant gains in such mental abilities during their school years.
C.Despite the success of the experiment, the actual results are frustrating, and mostly confirm earlier studies.
D. Many can't reason clearly or perform competently in analyzing complex, non-technical problems.
E.Yet like many college teachers in the U.S., the professors remain doubtful that their work as educators can be measured by a "learning outcome" such as a graduate's ability to investigate and reason.
F.It is important to identify the common goals of general higher education and translate them into the design of the learning outcomes assessment.
2. A.If the intellectual worth of a college degree can be accurately measured, more people will seek higher education—and come out better thinkers.
B.Two years before, a nationwide study of college graduates had shown that more than a third had made no significant gains in such mental abilities during their school years.
C.Despite the success of the experiment, the actual results are frustrating, and mostly confirm earlier studies.
D. Many can't reason clearly or perform competently in analyzing complex, non-technical problems.
E.Yet like many college teachers in the U.S., the professors remain doubtful that their work as educators can be measured by a "learning outcome" such as a graduate's ability to investigate and reason.
F.It is important to identify the common goals of general higher education and translate them into the design of the learning outcomes assessment.
3. A.If the intellectual worth of a college degree can be accurately measured, more people will seek higher education—and come out better thinkers.
B.Two years before, a nationwide study of college graduates had shown that more than a third had made no significant gains in such mental abilities during their school years.
C.Despite the success of the experiment, the actual results are frustrating, and mostly confirm earlier studies.
D. Many can't reason clearly or perform competently in analyzing complex, non-technical problems.
E.Yet like many college teachers in the U.S., the professors remain doubtful that their work as educators can be measured by a "learning outcome" such as a graduate's ability to investigate and reason.
F.It is important to identify the common goals of general higher education and translate them into the design of the learning outcomes assessment.
4. A.If the intellectual worth of a college degree can be accurately measured, more people will seek higher education—and come out better thinkers.
B.Two years before, a nationwide study of college graduates had shown that more than a third had made no significant gains in such mental abilities during their school years.
C.Despite the success of the experiment, the actual results are frustrating, and mostly confirm earlier studies.
D. Many can't reason clearly or perform competently in analyzing complex, non-technical problems.
E.Yet like many college teachers in the U.S., the professors remain doubtful that their work as educators can be measured by a "learning outcome" such as a graduate's ability to investigate and reason.
F.It is important to identify the common goals of general higher education and translate them into the design of the learning outcomes assessment.
Thanks to smartphones, telling your partner "I love you" has never been easier. And, according to some new research, it's probably making your relationship stronger, too.
There's no denying technology's impact on modern relationships, just as there's no denying technology's impact on modern, well, everything. Websites and apps such as , OkCupid and Tinder have changed the way Americans meet and date. A 2013 study from the Proceedings of the National academy of Sciences found that more than one-third of all US marriages now begin through online dating, which has grown into a $2 billion-a-year industry, according to IBISWorld. And, of course, they've changed how we communicate. Facebook, Twitter, iMessage, WhatsApp, Snapchat and Instagram have replaced the Phone.
For tech-savvy couples, the communication possibilities today are seemingly endless. Texting apps allow partners to communicate throughout the day regardless of where they are. And while there are some dangers that accompany regular texting with your partner, couples that exchange affectionate texts can actually enhance their relationships. A new report from the Pew Research Centre shows that 21 percent of people in committed relationships say they felt closer to their spouse or partner because of exchanges they had either online or via text message.
"People will text no matter what—it's too convenient," says Lori Schade, Ph.D., a licensed marriage and family therapist in Salk Lake City, Utah. "But if they use text messages purposefully to put money in the relationship bank, so to speak, by being positive, they might be developing resilience (韧性) to weather future storms."
Meanwhile, several apps that are built specially for couples have begun appearing in app stores everywhere. Couple, an app that allows couples to communicate in their own, private channel, has been downloaded nearly 2.5 million times. The app lets you and your partner share messages and videos, build a private shared timeline recording your relationship, share to-do lists and even send "ThumbKisses" to one another.
Some dating sites are figuring out ways to stay involved in couples' lives beyond the meeting period. HowAboutWe, which likes to call itself "The Online Dating Sites", has a separate service for couples that offers pre-planned dates ranging from tickets to a Broadway show, to custom peanut butter sandwiches, to a robot-building workshop. The company launched a new couples app called "You Me", which allows partners to cooperate on playlists, share photos and exchange private messages.
So while there's no substitution for actual face time in relationship, FaceTime is looking more and more like a good alternative to fill in the gaps.
5. "Tech-savvy couples" in Paragraph 3 may refer to couples who _____.
A.can save technology
B.have a good command of technology
C.communicate endlessly
D.work in the field of information technology
6. In Lori Schade's opinion, texting can _____.
A.enable people to put money in the bank
B.prevent partners being caught in storms
C.help people enhance their relationships
D.expose people to more dangers
7. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
A.actual face time is more important than online face time
B.actual face time will eventually give way to online face time
C.online face time makes relationships stronger than actual face time
D.online face time can make up for the disadvantages of actual face time
8. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage
A.Modern Technology: Bringing People Closer.
B.Modern Technology: Recording Relationships.
C.Modern Technology: Changing Everyday Life.
D.Modern Technology: Making Communication Easier.
The Best Language for Math
What's the best language for learning math Hint: You're not reading it.
Chinese, Japanese and Korean use simpler number words and express math concepts more clearly than English. The language gap is drawing growing attention as confusing English number words have been linked in several studies to weaker counting and arithmetic skill in children in English-speaking countries.
_____9_____ Among the researchers are Karen Fuson, a professor in the School of Education at Northwestern University, and Li Yeping, an expert on Chinese math education at Texas AM University.
Chinese has just nine number words, while English has more than two dozen. The trouble starts at "11". English has a unique word for the number, while Chinese (as well as Japanese and Korean, among other languages) have words that can be translated as "ten-one"—spoken with the "ten" first. _____10_____
English number words over 10 don't as clearly label place values as Chinese number words do. Number words for the teens reverse the order of the ones and "teens", making it easy for children to confuse, say, 17 with 71. As a result, children working with English number words have a harder time doing multi-digit addition and subtraction (减法). _____11_____
It also feels more natural for Chinese speakers than for English speakers to use the "make-a-ten" addition and subtraction strategy. When adding two numbers, students break down the numbers into parts and regroup them into tens and ones. For instance, 9 plus 5 becomes 9 plus 1 plus 4. _____12_____ Many teachers in America have increased instruction in the make-a-ten method and called for first-graders to use it to add and subtract.
Now, you should feel lucky that you are learning math in China. Thanks to your mother tongue, all math problems just come less confusing and difficult to you!
9. A.So it's not easy for English speakers to label place values clearly.
B.The additional mental steps needed to solve problems cause more errors.
C.Differences between Chinese and English, in particular, have been studied for decades.
D.This method is a powerful tool for solving more advanced multi-digit addition and subtraction problems.
E.Different languages indicate different ways of thinking, causing people to solve math problems differently.
F.That makes it easier for children to understand the place value as well as making it clear that the number system is based on units of 10.
10. A.So it's not easy for English speakers to label place values clearly.
B.The additional mental steps needed to solve problems cause more errors.
C.Differences between Chinese and English, in particular, have been studied for decades.
D.This method is a powerful tool for solving more advanced multi-digit addition and subtraction problems.
E.Different languages indicate different ways of thinking, causing people to solve math problems differently.
F.That makes it easier for children to understand the place value as well as making it clear that the number system is based on units of 10.
11. A.So it's not easy for English speakers to label place values clearly.
B.The additional mental steps needed to solve problems cause more errors.
C.Differences between Chinese and English, in particular, have been studied for decades.
D.This method is a powerful tool for solving more advanced multi-digit addition and subtraction problems.
E.Different languages indicate different ways of thinking, causing people to solve math problems differently.
F.That makes it easier for children to understand the place value as well as making it clear that the number system is based on units of 10.
12. A.So it's not easy for English speakers to label place values clearly.
B.The additional mental steps needed to solve problems cause more errors.
C.Differences between Chinese and English, in particular, have been studied for decades.
D.This method is a powerful tool for solving more advanced multi-digit addition and subtraction problems.
E.Different languages indicate different ways of thinking, causing people to solve math problems differently.
F.That makes it easier for children to understand the place value as well as making it clear that the number system is based on units of 10.
Parenting Anxiety Relieved
Woman are insecure because there is no commonly accepted idea of what it means to be a good mother. Fathers have it easier in this regard; they just have to show up and they are automatically considered "good", whereas mothers are always trying to prove to themselves and the world that they aren't "bad". _____13_____ In some ways, things are getting worse. Years ago, a woman was allowed five years to shape her child's personality. In recent years, however, some psychologists tell mothers that the first three years of life are the most important, while others think that all critical events happen during the first year.
Ironically, this panic about doing the right thing to produce the perfect child is probably the worst thing for the child and the parent. _____14_____ Here is why.
First, it is not harmful to children if their mothers work. Mothers who neglect their own need and abilities for the sake of their children do not benefit their children, their marriage or themselves.
Second, there is no crucial moment or stage in early childhood in which a child's fate is determined forever. _____15_____ Children are more flexible than that.
Research also finds that some children who have had the best parental care and guidance later give in to drugs, addiction, mental illness or violence. _____16_____ Between the parents' best efforts and the resulting child lie other factors: the child's nature, genetically influenced characters, experiences outside the family and the child's knowledge of events. Parents can help an inborn shy child learn to cope better in situations that make the child anxious, but they aren't going to turn her into Britney Spears.
13. A.Parents simply cannot control all the possible paths their children may take.
B.Research in developmental psychology ought to help parents relax.
C.If a woman works outside the home, she's depriving her children of her constant attention, but if she stays home, she tends to give her children too much love.
D.According to Freud, after the first five "formative years" ended in the crisis of the Oedipal Complex (俄狄浦斯情结), the child's personality was set for life.
E.Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate.
F.Obviously it's good to give children stimulation and attention from the start, but one wrong step will not doom the child to psychological damage.
14. A.Parents simply cannot control all the possible paths their children may take.
B.Research in developmental psychology ought to help parents relax.
C.If a woman works outside the home, she's depriving her children of her constant attention, but if she stays home, she tends to give her children too much love.
D.According to Freud, after the first five "formative years" ended in the crisis of the Oedipal complex (俄狄浦斯情结), the child's personality was set for life.
E.Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate.
F.Obviously it's good to give children stimulation and attention from the start, but one wrong step will not doom the child to psychological damage.
15. A.Parents simply cannot control all the possible paths their children may take.
B.Research, in developmental psychology ought to help parents relax.
C.If a woman works outside the home, she's depriving her children of her constant attention, but if she stays home, she tends to give her children too much love.
D.According to Freud, after the first five "formative years" ended in the crisis of the Oedipal Complex (俄狄浦斯情结), the child's personality was set for life.
E.Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate.
F.Obviously it's good to give children stimulation and attention from the start, but one wrong step will not doom the child to psychological damage.
16. A.Parents simply cannot control all the possible paths their children may take.
B.Research in developmental psychology ought to help parents relax.
C.If a woman works outside the home. she's depriving her children of her constant attention, but if she stays home, she tends to give her children too much love.
D.According to Freud, after the first five "formative years" ended in the crisis of the Oedipal Complex (俄狄浦斯情结), the child's personality was set for life.
E.Parents still have. a major role to play, but now it is more delicate.
F.Obviously it's good to give children stimulation and attention from the start, but one wrong step will not doom the child to psychological damage.
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。
Sometimes people come into your life and you know right away that they were meant to be there... to serve some sort of purpose, teach you a lesson or help figure out who you are or who you want to become.
You never know who these people may be but, when you lock eyes with them, you know that every moment they will affect your life in some profound (意义深远的) way.
And sometimes things happen to you at the time that may seem horrible, painful and unfair but, upon reflection, you realize that without overcoming those obstacles (障碍) you would have never realized your potential, strength, willpower or heart.
Everything happens for a reason. Nothing happens by means of good luck. Illness, injury, love, lost moments of true greatness and absolute stupidity all occur to test the limits of you soul.
Without these small tests, life would be like a smoothly paved (铺就的), straight, flat road to nowhere. Safe and comfortable but dull and completely pointless. The people you meet affect your life. The successes and downfalls that you experience can create who you are, and the bad experiences can be learned from. In fact, they are probably the most important ones.
If someone hurts you, betrays (背叛) you or breaks your heart, forgive them because they have helped you learn about trust and the importance of being cautious to whom you open your heart to. If someone loves you, love them back, unconditionally, not only because they love you, but because they are teaching you to love and open your heart and eyes to little things.
Make every day count. Appreciate every moment and take from it everything that you possibly can, for you may never be able to experience it again. Talk to people you have never talked to before, and actually listen. Let yourself fall in love, break free and set your sights high. Hold your head up because you have every right to. Tell yourself you are a great individual and believe in yourself, for if you don't believe in yourself, no one else will believe in you.
17. The first paragraph tells us that _____.
A.you will never know who will come into your life
B.your life is sometimes influenced deeply by someone
C.you need help to judge who you are in life
D.you know someone the moment you meet him
18. It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that _____.
A.everything is a test for you B.there is no good luck in life
C.nothing happens by chance D.there is a limit to your love
19. The underlined word "ones" refers to _____.
A.the people B.the small tests
C.the successes D.the bad experiences
20. According to the passage, you are advised to _____.
A.set a higher life goal
B.open your heart to others
C.count everything you learn at every moment
D.treat yourself as a great person
21. The writer develops the passage by _____.
A.analyzing data B.reasoning
C.giving examples D.telling a story
More Clarity Needed on Wage Debate
These days, the minimum wage has become something of a big issue in America. _____22_____ For supporters, 16.5 million low-wage workers could see an increase in their weekly earnings and 900,000 people could rise above the poverty line.
Gap Inc, has decided to increase the minimum hourly rate it pays employees to $9 this year and then $10 next year. The company's announcement will affect 65,000 Gap employees by 2017. Clearly Gap officials believe the money they invest in higher wages will pay off in increased sales and customer satisfaction. There's certainly nothing wrong with that. _____23_____
Also last week, Wal-Mart found itself at the center of the wage gossip when it was reported that the company was looking at supporting an increase in the minimum wage. _____24_____
Wal-Mart spokeswoman Brooke Buchanan said the company remains neutral on the idea of a minimum wage increase, but "obviously it's something that we look at closely, as any other company would". She said that more than 99 percent of company associates are paid above the current minimum wage. It has been discussed how increased income for low-wage workers might translate into increased spending. So it's reasonable to say that a company like Wal-Mart could see a jump in sales if the minimum wage rose. _____25_____ "That is assuming that consumer behavior would be, 'If they have more money, they'll spend more money,'" she said. "That isn't always necessarily true. If we had a crystal ball, we could guess what consumer behavior would be in the future if a minimum wage increase goes through. But you just can't."
22. A.That turned out to be not exactly correct.
B.But Buchanan warned against such an assumption.
C.But a number of business organizations say it should remain untouched.
D.But what works for a clothing company might not work for a different one.
E.Raising the minimum wage is identified as a key way to address the income gap.
F.For opponents of a wage increase, increasing the minimum wage could reduce total employment by about 500,000 jobs.
23. A.That turned out to be not exactly correct.
B.But Buchanan warned against such an assumption.
C.But a number of business organizations say it should remain untouched.
D.But what works for a clothing company might not work for a different one.
E.Raising the minimum wage is identified as a key way to address the income gap.
F.For opponents of a wage increase, increasing the minimum wage could reduce total employment by about 500,000 jobs.
24. A.That turned out to be not exactly correct.
B.But Buchanan warned against such an assumption.
C.But a number of business organizations say it should remain untouched.
D.But what works for a clothing company might not work for a different one.
E.Raising the minimum wage is identified as a key way to address the income gap.
F.For opponents of a wage increase, increasing the minimum wage could reduce total employment by about 500,000 jobs.
25. A.That turned out to be not exactly correct.
B.But Buchanan warned against such an assumption.
C.But a number of business organizations say it should remain untouched.
D.But what works for a clothing company might not work for a different one.
E.Raising the minimum wage is identified as a key way to address the income gap.
F.For opponents of a wage increase, increasing the minimum wage could reduce total employment by about 500,000 jobs.
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
After her husband had gone to work, Mrs. Richards send her children to school and went upstairs to her bedroom. She was too excited to do any housework that morning as she would go to a fancy dress party with her husband.
She wanted to dress up as a ghost and as she had made her costume the night before, she was impatient to try it on. Though the costume consisted only of a sheet, it was really splendid. After putting it on, She went downstairs to find out whether it would be comfortable to wear.
Just as Mrs. Richards was entering the dining-room, there was a knock on the front door. She knew it must be the baker. She had told him to come straight in if ever she failed to open the door and to leave the bread on the table. Not wanting to frighten the poor man, she quickly hid in the small store-room under the stair. She heard the front door opened and heavy footsteps in the hall. Suddenly the door of the store-room was opened and in came a man who had come to read the meter. Ms. Richards realized it must be the man from the Electricity Board. She tried to explain the situation, saying "It's only me." but it was too late, the man let out a cry and jumped back several steps. When Mrs. Richards walked towards him, he fled, losing the door heavily behind him.
26. The reason for Mrs.Richards' excitement that day was that _____.
A.she was to attend an evening party
B.she had sent her children to school
C.she wouldn't do any housework that morning
D.she had made a special costume the night before
27. Mrs. Richards went downstairs with the costume on so as to _____.
A.frighten the person who was knocking on the door
B.find out if she had finished the costume
C.made sure that the costume fitted her well
D.receive the bread and do some cooking
28. The man who was knocking at the door was _____.
A.a baker B.an electricity man
C.a thief D.her husband
29. What did the man do after he knocked on the front door
A.He entered just as Mrs. Richards had told him to.
B.He did not do anything as Mrs. Richards had expected him to.
C.He went straight in so as to find Mrs. Richards.
D.He stepped directly towards the meter.
This year is the 10th anniversary of the 2008 catastrophe of Wall Street, following the fall of the Lehman Brothers, which caused the long-time global financial crisis. The recent global stock market decreases, again originating in the United States, have been an unwelcome reminder of their volatility (波动). However, my recent trip to Zeebrugge in Belgium showed that a crisis can be transformed into a long chain of opportunities if farseeing decisions can be made.
The opportunities began in 2010, in the depth of the financial crisis in Europe, when China's automaker Geely acquired Volvo and the Sweden-based company's car operation in Belgium's Ghent, injecting them with new vitality (活力). That started a Sino-Belgian chain reaction with Belgium making good use of its European gateway position and fending synergies (协同效应) with China's Belt and Road Initiative.
The Port of Zeebrugge, about sixty kilometers away from Volvo's Ghent operation, is among those following Geely and Volvo's pioneering steps to bring China and Belgium closer. As the second-largest port in Belgium, it is a natural deep-water harbor and has a good network of road and rail connections across Europe. It is expected to be main northern European center for China's Belt and Road Initiative with Piraeus Port in Greece the southern center.
Belgium also became a member of Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank last year. The Belgian government and its businesses have clearly made the farseeing decision to deepen ties with China. And data indicate the decision is paying off. The wade volume between China and Belgium reached $23.3 billion in 2017, 7.8 percent growth year-on-year, with China's imports from Belgium increasing faster than its exports to the country. This is significant for Belgium, which is a country that relies on trade.
30. What can we learn from paragraph 1
A.It has been about ten years since the fall of the Lehman Brothers.
B.The catastrophe of Wall Street happened before the Lehman Brothers' failure.
C.The recent global stock market has decreased for the first time in the United States.
D.Whatever decisions are made, a crisis can not be changed into good opportunities.
31. What does the underlined word "That" in paragraph 2 refer to
A.The financial crisis in Europe.
B.The writer's trip to Zeebrugge.
C.Geely's purchasing Volvo.
D.China's Belt and Road Initiative.
32. Why did the writer mention "Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank" in paragraph 4
A.To show its importance to Belgium and China.
B.To confirm Belgium's wise decisions.
C.To prove Belgium is a country relying on trade.
D.To tell the growth of trade volume.
33. What can be the best title of the passage
A.The Anniversary of the 2008 Catastrophe of Wall Street
B.The Port of Zeebrugge Brings China and Belgium Closer
C.Belgium Shows its Confidence in China
D.The Relationship between Belgium and China
Every Little Bit Counts
One of the weapons in the fight against poverty is microcredit also called microlending. Microcredit is the practice of giving very small, short-term loans to poor people. _____34_____ The loans help the borrowers start or upgrade small businesses. Microcredit organizations assume that poor people can lift themselves out of poverty if they only have access to standard financial services.
Grameen Bank, started as a project in 1976, is a pioneer of microcredit. _____35_____ Borrowers often have no steady job no other property, and no one to co-sign on the loan-common requirements for getting a loan elsewhere. Grameen Bank promotes credit as a human right, and with a 98% repayment rate, it seems to have helped its borrowers improve their lives and made a profit through interest in the meantime.
Successes like Grameen Bank and others caused governments and NGOs to rush to fund microcredit operations. How wonderful to imagine that the cure for poverty could be profitable! However, recent studies question how effective microcredit really is. Critics say that poor people with enough entrepreneurial (创业的) drive to get a loan would have succeeded anyway. Those without the drive don't end up in better circumstances after paying back loans, which aren't always used for businesses. _____36_____ And though microcredit is described as a way to empower women, some say the loans aren't causing any measurable improvement in women's lives.
The ideas behind microcredit are uplifting: that all humans are filled with potentials and that one small bit of assistance can help a whole family live better. _____37_____ Time and close study will tell if microcredit is really the miracle it appears to be.
34. A.They also say that without a basic education, poor borrowers aren't equipped to manage the businesses they create.
B.In general, the loans are 100 USD or less, usually paid back within six months.
C.Borrowers need to provide the credit history, which the lenders will use as the criteria when evaluating a loan.
D.They may, however, ignore systematic causes of large-scale poverty.
E.Most microcredit agencies are struggling as the vast majority of loans are not paid back.
F.It has given out more than eight billion dollars in loans to people who could never borrow money otherwise.
35. A.They also say that without a basic education, poor borrowers aren't equipped to manage the businesses they create.
B.In general, the loans are 100 USD or less, usually paid back within six months.
C.Borrowers need to provide the credit history, which the lenders will use as the criteria when evaluating a loan.
D.They may, however, ignore systematic causes of large-scale poverty.
E.Most microcredit agencies are struggling as the vast majority of loans are not paid back.
F.It has given out more than eight billion dollars in loans to people who could never borrow money otherwise.
36. A.They also say that without a basic education, poor borrowers aren't equipped to manage the businesses they create.
B.In general, the loans are 100 USD or less, usually paid back within six months.
C.Borrowers need to provide the credit history, which the lenders will use as the criteria when evaluating a loan.
D.They may, however, ignore systematic causes of large-scale poverty.
E.Most microcredit agencies are struggling as the vast majority of loans are not paid back.
F.It has given out more than eight billion dollars in loans to people who could never borrow money otherwise.
37. A.They also say that without a basic education, poor borrowers aren't equipped to manage the businesses they create.
B.In general, the loans are 100 USD or less, usually paid back within six months.
C.Borrowers need to provide the credit history, which the lenders will use as the criteria when evaluating a loan.
D.They may, however, ignore systematic causes of large-scale poverty.
E.Most microcredit agencies are struggling as the vast majority of loans are not paid back.
F.It has given out more than eight billion dollars in loans to people who could never borrow money otherwise.
Do you ever wonder what our world will look like in the coming decades
In the years to come, making payments with mobile equipment will sweep the world. Many people in China, from small towns to big cities, have already experienced the convenience of paying without cash or card, thanks to Alipay and Wechat Pay.
A convenient way to make payments is only one of the changes that are coming to the world. Bringing sustainable, healthy and affordable food to tables is also what science has to offer.
South African-born US restaurant owner Kimbal Musk also works with local farms and uses newly developed automation (自动化) to keep costs down and improve efficiency. For example, he invented an oven that can sear and braise pork, enabling cooks without much training to make dishes that only more experienced cooks would normally make.
Novel means of transportation could lead to cost reduction too. From electric or self-driving cars to personal flying machines and 3-D printed spacecraft, technology is shaping the way we travel.
There's no way any of us can know where our life will go. But one thing is certain: revolutionary science and technology will bring convenience and quality to everyone's lives, no matter where they lead us.
38. What did Kimbal Muskinvent
A.Seared and braised pork. B.An oven.
C.Dishes. D.Experienced cooks.
39. What does the underlined word "novel" mean
A.Book. B.New.
C.Old-fashioned. D.Subway.
40. What is author's opinion to the revolutionary science and technology
A.Supportive. B.Concerned. C.Factual. D.Doubtful.
Shakespeare's Birthplace and Exhibition of Shakespeare's World
Welcome to the world-famous house where William Shakespeare was born in 1564 and where he grew up. The property (房产) remained in the ownership of Shakespeare's family until 1806. The House has welcomed visitors travelling from all over the world, for over 250 years.
● Enter through the Visitors' Centre and see the highly-praised exhibition Shakespeare's World, a lively and full introduction to the life and work of Shakespeare.
● Stand in the rooms where Shakespeare grew up.
● Discover examples of furniture and needlework from Shakespeare's period.
● Enjoy the traditional English garden, planted with trees and flowers mentioned in the poet's works.
● The Birthplace is within easy walking distance of all the car parks shown on the map; nearest is Windsor Street (3 minutes' walk).
● The House may present difficulties but the Visitors' Centre, its exhibition, and the garden are accessible (可进入的) to wheelchair users.
● The Shakespeare Coffee House (opposite the Birthplace)
OPENING TIME
20 Mar to 19 Oct
Mon to Sat: 9:00 am to 5:00 pm
Sun: 9:30 am to 5:00 pm
20 Oct 19 Mar
Mon to Sat: 9:30 am to 4:00 pm
Sun: 10:00 am to 4:00 pm
ADMISSION
Adult ￡4.90
Child ￡2.20
family ￡12.00
(2 adults+up to 3 children)
41. How much is the admission for a family of two grown-ups and two children
A.￡9.80. B.￡12.00. C.￡14.20. D.￡16.40.
42. A wheelchair user may need help to enter _____.
A.the House B.the garden
C.the Visitors' Centre D.the exhibition hall
43. Where is the nearest parking place to Shakespeare's Birthplace
A.Behind the exhibition hall.
B.Opposite the Visitors' Centre.
C.At Windsor Street.
D.Near the Coffee House.
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
What do those countries in the world have in common People are killing each other or driving others out of their homes. Why is this happening Very simple, in each of these places, and elsewhere in the world, one group of people believes that another group is different from them and dangerous to them. It has been thus throughout history. How different are humans from each other
We come in different colors: red, black, white, yellow and brown; we have a variety of political system: social system, religious views (宗教信仰) or none at all; we are different in mind, have different educational system, different social economic classes. We speak different languages, have different customs and dresses.
If we were to break each of these further, we would have quite a long list of qualities and characteristics (特点) that make humans appear to be different from each other. I say they appear to be different, because most of what have listed stands for what we see or hear, not what is true of human. Man is man everywhere, it is only because where he lives, when he lives there, with whom he lives there, and all have effect on how lives, that is, what he believes, what he wears, his customs, his gods, his language and so on. These are man-made facts that each group develops over time, live together, facing the same problems, needing and desiring the same things. They are his culture. The truth is that we are much more same than different. If you wear one type of clothing and I wear another, we both wear some kind of clothing. Our culture demands it. If you speak one language and I another, we both speak so that others will understand us; we must communicate with each other. Nothing is gained by giving too many differences, but much is lost. If we understood our differences as the ones of culture, then we could make our world more peaceful.
Difference does not mean better or worse; right or wrong. It means only that differences have been made by society. Differences produce variety of thought, feeling, and action and that can be very helpful to work out human problems peacefully.
44. Which of the following is the best title for this article
A.Differences. B.Humans. C.Cultures. D.Customs.
45. People in those countries fight each other because _____.
A.they have different colors
B.they have different customs and dresses
C.they have different educational systems
D.some people think that other people are different and harmful to them
46. In this passage, we've learnt that _____.
A.people are different
B.people are different because of their cultures
C.people are the same
D.people are the same in every way except their cultures
47. If we pay much attention to differences, _____.
A.we'll get something B.we'll produce problem
C.we'll develop D.nothing will be lost
48. From this article it can be inferred that _____.
A.our world would be more peaceful if we understand and communicate each other
B.people don't know how differences are caused
C.it is only differences that can solve man's problem
D.man is man everywhere but not woman
答案
第一部分
1 . B
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了实验表明美国大学生的批判性思维能力不尽如人意，美国大学应该注重培养学生这方面的能力。
空前说 2013 年成为普渡大学校长后，米奇·丹尼尔斯要求教师们证明，他们的学生实际上已经实现了高等教育最重要的目标之一：批判性思维能力，此处承接上文，讲的是学生对这种能力的掌握情况，故 B 项（两年前，一项针对大学毕业生的全国性研究表明，超过三分之一的人在他们的学年里没有在这种心理能力上取得显著进步）符合语境。
2 . E
【解析】
空后说不过，他们不必太担心，最近的一项实验结果显示，教授们可以使用标准的评分表来衡量学生在三个关键领域的表现：批判性思维、书面交流和语言素养，因此此处应该会提到教授们的一种担心，故 E 项（然而，和美国许多大学教师一样，教授们仍然怀疑，他们作为教育工作者的工作能否通过“学习成果”来衡量，比如毕业生的调查和推理能力）符合语境。
3 . C
【解析】
空后说实验组织者的结论是，在批判性思维方面取得高水平成绩的学生远少于在书面交流或语言素养方面取得高水平成绩的学生，这表明实验结果是令人失望的，故 C 项（尽管实验取得了成功，但实际结果令人沮丧，而且大多证实了先前的研究）符合语境。
4 . A
【解析】
空前说尽管美国大学只是开始展示自己在现实世界学习中所能产生的成果，以知识为基础的学位仍然很重要，但雇主要求大学毕业生具备较强的思维能力，此处总结上文，说的是美国大学在培养学生能力方面应该做出哪些调整，故 A 项（如果一个大学学位的智力价值能够被准确地衡量，更多的人将寻求高等教育，并产生更好的思考者）符合语境。
5 . B
6 . C
7 . D
8 . A
9 . C
10 . F
11 . B
12 . D
13 . C
【解析】
如果一个女人在外工作，她对孩子的关注不够；如果她居家，又容易给孩子太多的爱。
14 . B
【解析】
发展心理学的研究应该能帮助父母放松。
15 . F
【解析】
显然，从一开始就给孩子以刺激和关注是好的，但是犯一个错误并不会使孩子心理上遭受重创。
16 . A
【解析】
父母不能完全控制他们的孩子可能走的道路。
17 . B
【解析】
正确答案是B。
此题是细节理解题。根据首段“Sometimes people come into your life and you know right away that they were meant to be there... to serve some sort of purpose, teach you a lesson or help figure out who you are or who you want to become. 有时候，有些人走进你的生活，你马上就知道他们是命中注定要来的……为了达到某种目的，给你上一课，或者帮助你弄清楚你是谁或者你想成为谁。”可知，你的生活有时会深受他人的影响。
18 . C
【解析】
正确答案是C。
此题是推理判断题。根据第四段“Everything happens for a reason. 每件事的发生都有原因。”可知。
19 . D
【解析】
正确答案是D。
此题是细节理解题。ones是代词one的复数形式。根据前文“and the bad experiences can be learned from”可知，指代the bad experiences。
20 . D
【解析】
正确答案是D。
此题是细节理解题。根据“Tell yourself you are a great individual and believe in yourself 告诉自己你是一个优秀的人，相信自己” 可知。
21 . B
【解析】
正确答案是B。
此题是推理判断题。此文的行文方式是，作者告诉读者怎么做，并给出理由，故是使用劝说的方式来写作。
22 . F
23 . D
24 . A
25 . B
26 . A
【解析】正确答案是A。此题是细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“ She was too excited to do any housework that morning as she would go to a fancy dress party with her husband.”可知， Mrs. Richards 要参加一个化装舞会，故选项A正确。
27 . C
【解析】正确答案是C。此题是细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句“ After putting it on, She went downstairs to find out whether it would be comfortable to wear.”可知，Richards 太太下楼想看看这件服装是否舒适。故选项C正确。
28 . B
【解析】正确答案是B。此题是细节理解题。第三段第六句和第七句“Suddenly the door of the store-room was opened and in came a man who had come to read the meter. Ms. Richards realized it must be the man from the Electricity Board” 可知，这名男子一进门便走过来读电表， Ms. Richards 心想一定是供电局的人。故选项B正确。
29 . D
【解析】正确答案是D。此题是细节理解题。 根据文章第六句“ Suddenly the door of the store-room was opened and in came a man who had come to read the meter”可知，储藏室的门打开后，这名男子径直走来读电表。故选项D正确。
30 . A
【解析】
细节理解题。由第一段 This year is the 10th anniversary of the 2008 catastrophe of Wall Street, following the fall of the Lehman Brothers, which caused the long-time global financial crisis，今年是 2008 年华尔街危机的 10 周年纪念日，在雷曼兄弟破产之后，它导致了长期的全球金融危机。可知雷曼兄弟破产之后已经十年了，故选 A。
31 . C
【解析】
理解推断题。由前面 when China's automaker Geely acquired Volvo，当中国的汽车制造商吉利收购沃尔沃时，可知 it 代指的这件事，故选 C。
32 . B
【解析】
理解推断题。由最后一段 Belgium also became a member of Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank last year. The Belgian government and its businesses have clearly made the farseeing decision to deepen ties with China. 比利时去年也成为亚洲基础设施投资银行的一员。比利时政府及其企业显然有远见地做出了深化与中国关系的决定。可知举出投资银行是为了说明比利时的明智决定，故选 B。
33 . C
【解析】
主旨归纳题。本文讲述了全球股票市场在 08 年金融危机后再次产生衰弱，可能会带来风险。对此，比利时政府选择加强与中国合作来刺激经济。因此 C 选项，比利时显示出对中国的信心符合题意，故选 C。
34 . B
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了小额信贷的历史以及利与弊。
空前说小额信贷是向穷人提供非常小的短期贷款的做法，接下来是对这一句的解释说明，故 B 项（一般来说，贷款额在 100 美元或以下，通常在六个月内还清）符合语境。
35 . F
【解析】
空前说格拉明银行成立于 1976 年，是小额信贷的先驱，此处承接上文，讲的是格拉明银行为小额信贷所做的贡献，F 项中的 It 指代的就是 Grameen Bank，故 F 项（它已经向那些再也借不到钱的人发放了 80 多亿美元的贷款）符合语境。
36 . A
【解析】
空前说那些没有动力的人在偿还贷款后的境况并不会更好，因为贷款并不总是用于企业，此处承接上文，讲的还是关于这些人的想法或做法，故 A 项（他们还说，没有基础教育，贫穷的借贷者就没有能力管理他们创建的企业）符合语境。
37 . D
【解析】
空前说小额信贷背后的想法令人振奋：所有人都充满了潜力，一点小小的帮助就能帮助整个家庭生活得更好，空后又说时间和深入的研究将告诉我们，小额信贷是否真的是一个奇迹，这说明此处应该会体现出小额信贷存在的问题，故 D 项（然而，它们可能忽视大规模贫困的系统性原因）符合语境。
38 . B
39 . B
40 . A
41 . B
42 . A
43 . C
44 . A
【解析】
正确答案是A。
此题是文章标题题。根据首段的末句“How different are humans from each other ”和末段“Difference does not mean better or worse; right or wrong. It means only that differences have been made by society. Differences produce variety of thought, feeling, and action and that can be very helpful to work out human problems peacefully.”可知本文主要讲述差异。
45 . D
【解析】
正确答案是D。
此题是细节理解题。根据首段的“What do those countries in the world have in common People are killing each other or driving others out of their homes. Why is this happening Very simple, in each of these places, and elsewhere in the world, one group of people believes that another group is different from them and dangerous to them.”可知。
46 . C
【解析】
正确答案是C。
此题是细节理解题。根据第三段的“The truth is that we are much more same than different.”可知。
47 . B
【解析】
正确答案是B。
此题是细节理解题。根据第三段的“Nothing is gained by giving too many differences, but much is lost.”可知。
48 . A
【解析】
正确答案是A。
此题是推理判断题。根据末段“Difference does not mean better or worse; right or wrong. It means only that differences have been made by society. Differences produce variety of thought, feeling, and action and that can be very helpful to work out human problems peacefully.”可知人们应该理解差异的存在，如果好好交流，这些差异也有助于和平解决人类的问题。
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