资源简介

Unit 13 We’re trying to save the earth.
第一课时 Section A 1 (1a-2d)
一、教学目标：
1. 语言知识目标：
1) 能掌握以下单词和短语：litter, bottom, fisherman, coal, ugly, advantage, cost, wooden, plastic, noise pollution, air pollution, water pollution, be full of, play a part in, turn…into, cut down air pollution
能掌握以下句型：
①Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish.
②It used to be so clean.
③Everyone in this town should play a part in cleaning it up.
④The air is badly polluted because there are more cars on the road these days.
⑤The air has become really polluted around here.
⑥We're trying to save the earth.
2) 掌握should＋do；used to＋do；have/has＋done；be＋done；be＋doing的用法。
2. 情感态度价值观目标：
地球是我们赖以生存的家园，每个学生都应该争做环保小卫士，呼吁学生们从现在做起，从我做起，从点点滴滴做起，珍惜地球母亲赐予我们的一切自然资源，及时阻止破坏环境的不良行为，使我们的家园天更蓝，草更绿，花更香。
二、教学重难点
1. 教学重点：
1) 理解并掌握本课时的四会单词和重要短语。
2) 掌握情态动词、现在完成时态、被动语态、现在进行时态及used to do的用法。
3）用所学知识讨论污染与环境保护的话题。
2. 教学难点：
用所学知识讨论污染与环境保护的话题。
三、教学过程
Ⅰ. Warming-up
Show the pictures of different kinds of pollutions such as air pollution, water pollution,etc, and tell students the earth is polluted now.
Let Ss talk about their feelings and think what we should do .
Ⅱ. New words
Show the new words on the screen. Explain the new words and Ss read the new words after the teacher.
III. Presentation
Work on 1a
1. Read these phrases in 1a.Look at the pictures in 1a and say what they see in the pictures. Write down the words and add more words.
2. Ask students to say out their words in each kind of pollution.
IV. Listening
Work on 1b
1. Let the students to read the contents in the chart and think of what they will fill in the blanks.
2. Play the recording for the first time. Students listen and fill in the words.
3. Play the recording a second time. Ask them to check the answers. Then ask the questions. Students answer with complete sentences.
V. Pair work
Work on 1c
1. Read aloud the sentences. Then make conversations using the pollution in 1a in pairs like this:
Mark: The river was dirty. Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish.
Tony: But it used to be so clean!
Mark: Yes, but people are littering in the river.
Tony: Everyone in this town should play a part in cleaning it up!
...
2. Ask two pairs to perform in class.
3. Let Ss correct the mistakes in the dialogue they make.
VI. Listening
Work on 2a:
1. Let the groups of students to have a competition to explain the different kind of pollution one by one.
land pollution：The factories that burn coal pollute the air with a lot of black smoke.
air pollution：Factories put/pour waste into the river.
noise pollution：There are more cars on the road, the sound of horns are noisey.
water pollution：People make more rubbish and throw litter everywhere.
2. Play the recording. Students listen and circle the kinds of pollution. Check answers with the class.
Work on 2b:
1. Read the sentences in 2b. Predict the contents they will fill in. Play the recording again. Students listen and complete the sentences.
2. Play the tape once more. Check the answers with the whole class. Read aloud the sentences.
3. Let Ss read again and remember these sentences.
Ⅶ. Pair work
Work on 2c.
1. Read the sample conversation in 2c after the teacher. Then discuss in pairs what causes the two kinds of pollution.
2. Let Ss make dialogue in pairs.
3. Ask three pairs to role－play their conversations to the class.
VIII. Role-play
After learning the polluton of the earth, what should we do to save the environment. Before reading 2d, Let Ss think about the ways to save the earth.
For example:
Throw the litter in/into the bins.
Recycle the cans and bottles.
Don’t throw away old books and newspapers.
When you write on the paper, remember to write on both sides.
You’d better not use plastic bags. Use your own bags.
We can take a bus instead of riding in cars.
Read the conversation in 2d quickly. Find out the problems about environmental pollution and the solutions in the dialogue.
Problems Solving problems
air pollution take the bus, subway or ride a bike instead of driving.
waste pollution bring a bag to go shopping.
wooden (木头的) chopsticks or plastic forks use chopsticks or forks at home.
rubbish throw rubbish in the bins.
3.Let Ss find out the problems they have in 2d, then the teacher explains them.
[Language points]
1. cut down减少, 缩减; 砍倒(树木)
【语境领悟】
*To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving.
为了减少空气污染, 我们应该乘公共汽车或地铁, 而不是开车。
*You must cut down on sugar to lose weight.
你必须少吃糖以减轻体重。
*Seven trees have been cut down. 有七棵树被砍倒了。
*This glass can cut down the noise from traffic.
这种玻璃可以减少交通噪音。
【归纳拓展】 cut的常用搭配
2. advantage n. 优点
【语境领悟】
*There are other advantages of bike riding.
骑自行车还有其他的好处。
*He has always been taking advantage of me.
他老是在占我的便宜。
【自主归纳】
(1)advantage名词, 意为“优点; 有利条件”, 常用复数形式。反义词为　　　　　, 意为“缺点; 不利条件”。
(2)advantage的常用搭配有the advantage(s) of意为“……的优点”, take advantage of sb. 意为“占某人便宜”, take the advantage of sth. to do sth. 意为“利用某物做某事”。
答案: disadvantage
3. cost v. 花费
【语境领悟】
*It’s good for health and it doesn’t cost anything!
它对健康有好处, 并且不花任何钱!
*I spent a lot of money on that holiday.
那次度假花了我一大笔钱。
*I think it’s a great idea that you now have to pay for plastic bags. 现在你得付钱买塑料袋, 我认为这是个好主意。
*It takes me forty minutes to do my homework.
做作业花费我四十分钟。
【自主归纳】cost用法
(1)cost动词, 意为“花费; 值”, 主语是事物, 不用于被动语态, 过去式和过去分词均为cost。
(2)cost名词, 意为“花费; 价钱”。
辨析take, spend, pay & cost
take，spend，pay和cost都可以表示“花
费”，但它们的用法各有不同。
1) take多表示花费时间，常用于It takes sb. some time to do sth.这一句型中，其中it作形式主语。
e.g. It usually takes me 40 minutes to cook the dinner.
2) spend多表示花费时间和金钱，主语通常是人，常用于sb. spend(s) some time / money on sth.和sb. spend(s) some time / money (in) doing sth.两种句型。
e.g. David spent 2,000 yuan on the new machine.
My father spends an hour (in) watching the news on TV every day.
3) pay多表示花费金钱，主语通常是人，常用于sb. pay(s) some money for sth.句型。
e.g. Tommy paid 20 yuan for his breakfast yesterday.
4) cost多表示花费金钱，主语通常是物，常用于sth. cost(s) (sb.) some money.句型。
e.g. The new dress cost Linda 88 yuan.
【归纳拓展】“花费”种种
花　费 人+spend+时间/金钱+(in) doing sth. 人+spend+时间/金钱+ on + sth.
人+pay+金钱+for+物
事物+cost+人+时间/金钱
It takes+人+时间+to do sth.
根据句意用take, spend, pay或cost的适当
形式填空。
1. That new car ________ them lots of money.
2. Mona __________ 50 yuan on the books just now.
3. It usually _______ me an hour to do my homework.
4. You should __________ some time practising your pronunciation.
5. My brother _______ 6, 000 yuan for the new computer yesterday.
答案：1.cost 2.spent 3.takes 4.spend 5.paid
4. make a/the difference产生作用或影响
【语境领悟】
*So together, our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future!因此, 我们齐心协力就能起作用, 创造美好未来!
*Does his absence make a difference to your work
没有他, 会影响你的工作吗
【自主归纳】 make a/the difference用法
　　make a/the difference (to. . . )表示“(对……)产生作用或影响”, 其同义短语为have an influence on意为“对……有影响”。
English has an influence on international communication.
英语对国际交流有影响。
4. Ask three pairs to role－play their conversations to the class.
IX. Exercises
Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Once there lived a group of old　　　　　(fisherman) near the sea.
2. I must play a part in　　　　　(search) the missing cat.
3. The river in my hometown has become　　　　　(pollute).
4. Bike riding has a lot of　　　　　(advantage) for us.
5. There is a　　　　　(wood) bench in the Quancheng Square.
答案: 1. fishermen　2. searching　3. polluted　4. advantages
5. wooden
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. 你最好能把这篇文章缩到两千字左右。
You’d better　　　　　the article　　　　　to about 2, 000 words.
2. 这张票花了我10美元。
The ticket　　　　　 　　　　　ten dollars.
3. 这是个打扫海滩的计划。
It is a plan to　　　　　 　　　　　the beaches.
答案: 1. cut; down　2. cost me　3. clean up
X.Summary and Homework:
Summary: In this class, we have learned new words, phrases and the uses of “should＋do；used to＋do；have/has＋done；be＋done；be＋doing”.
Homework:
1. Remember the new words and sentences in this class.
2. Make a conversation about the pollution in your city..
板书设计：
Section A 1 1a-2d New words: litter, bottom, fisherman, coal, ugly, advantage, cost, wooden, plastic, noise pollution, air pollution, water pollution, be full of, play a part in, turn…into, cut down air pollution Sentences Structures： ①Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish. ②It used to be so clean. ③Everyone in this town should play a part in cleaning it up. ④The air is badly polluted because there are more cars on the road these days. ⑤The air has become really polluted around here. ⑥We're trying to save the earth.
第二课时 Section A 2 (3a-4c)
一、教学目标：
1. 语言知识目标：
1) 学习掌握下列词汇和短语：cruel, harmful, industry, law, scientific, afford, be harmful to, at the top of, the food chain, take part in, turn off, pay for, take action
能掌握以下句型：
①Many have heard of shark fin soup.
②If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life.
③The numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years.
④So far, no scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health, so why eat them
2) 进一步复习巩固运用Section A(1a-2d) 所学的生词和词组。
3) 运用所学词汇及语法谈论污染和环境保护。
2. 情感态度价值观目标：
动物是我们人类的朋友，呼吁学生们团结起来，积极宣传保护动物和保护环境的重要意义，从我做起，从小事做起，培养保护动物和保护环境的道德观。
二、教学重难点
1. 教学重点：
1）熟练掌握本课时的重点单词、短语和句子。
2) 运用所学词汇及语法谈论污染和环境保护。
2. 教学难点：
运用所学词汇及语法谈论污染和环境保护。
三、教学过程
Ⅰ. Revision
1. Have a dictation the words and sentences Ss learned in the last class.
2. Check the answers in pairs.
II. Lead-in
Ask Ss whether they like ocean, then show a video about the divisity of lives in the beautiful ocean.
Show the picture of sharks, Let Ss know that sharks are one of the kinds of extinct animals.
Have a discussion about whether sharks should be extinct.
Show a video and Let Ss know the importance of sharks’ existance. We should save sharks.
III. Reading
1. Learn the new words
T explains the new words in this class and Ss read them after the teacher.
2. Fast Reading
Work on 3a:
1)Have a quick look of 3a. Let the students to find the sentences that have the information about the fact sheet.
2)Complete the fact sheet and check the answers.
3)Find out the main idea of each paragraph.
3. Careful Reading
1)Answer the questions. Find answers from each paragraph.
Para. 1
What is shark's fin soup
What is shark's fin soup made of
What do you know about this dish
What does it mean to enjoy a bowl of shark's fin soup
Para. 2
Do you think sharks are endangered
Para. 3
Is shark fin's soup really good for your health
2)After reading the passage,What can we do to save sharks
Learn as much as you can about sharks.
Don't use shark products.
Reduce your seafood consumption.
Reduce,Reuse,Recycle.
Donate and volunteer with shark conversation organization.
Call on the people around you to protect the sharks.
[Language points]
1. A shark can no longer swim and slowly dies.
鲨鱼不能再游泳然后慢慢死掉。
no longer意思是“不再”
e.g. I’m no longer a student. 我不再是个学生了。
有两个短语和no longer同义，即not…any longer和not…any more，但他们侧重的方面不同。
no longer和not…any longer侧重时间。
e.g. He no longer lives here.= He doesn’t live here any longer.
他不在这儿居住了。
(一个时间以前他住在这儿，过了这个时间，他就离开了。)
not…any more侧重程度和数量
e.g. You can drink no more. = You can’t drink any more.
你不能再喝了。(喝酒的量到了一定程度，不能再继续下去了。)
2. This is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment.
这不但残忍而且对环境有害。
not only…but also… 用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其意为“不仅……而且……”；其中的also有时可以省略。
e.g. 1) She not only plays well, but also writes music.
她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲。
2) Not only men but also women were chosen.
不仅仅是男的，女的也有被选中的。
若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。
e.g. Not only you but also he has to leave. 不只是你，他也得离开。
not only放在句首，后接句子时要用倒装结构。
e.g. Not only had the poor man been fined, but also he had been sent to prison.
这个可怜的人不仅被罚款，而且还被送进了监狱。
be harmful to 对……有害
e.g. Smoking is harmful to the health. 吸烟有损健康。
Playing computer games much is harmful to students.
电脑游戏玩太多对学生有害。
3. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean’s ecosystem.
鲨鱼位于海洋生物系统食物链的顶部。
at the top of 在......最高地位; 用最高[最大]的(速度, 声音等)
e.g. I looked at the top of his head, his hair shiny and parted smoothly.
我看他的头顶, 头发光亮, 分得平滑。
He shouted at the top of his voice in order that he might be heard.
他尽力大声叫喊, 以便别人能听见。
4. If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life.
如果它们的数目降至过低，会给所有海洋生物带来危险。
此句复数形式的number表达全海洋中鲨鱼的总量。当表示数值的高或低时，number要用high或low修饰。
e.g. In that country, the number of children going to school is higher in cities than in towns and village.
在那个国家，城市儿童入学人数比乡镇及农村要高。
常与number搭配的动词有grow, fall等。
e.g. The number of families that own cars has been growing quickly recently.
近来拥有轿车的家庭数量增长很快。
5. Environmental protection groups around the world, such as WildAid and the WWF, are teaching the public about “finning”.
世界各地的环境保护组织，如野生救援协会和世界自然基金会，都在教育公众有关“猎翅”的行为。
WildAid和WWF组织
WildAid（美国野生救援协会）是保护野生动物及栖息地环境的一个非盈利性的机构，1999年注册成立，其宗旨是保护及救助世界范围内的野生动物
WWF（世界自然基金会）英文全称为World Wide Fund for Nature，成立于1961年，是享有国际盛誉，全球最大的独立性非政府环境保护组织之一。
4.After Reading
Work on 3b:
1) Ask Ss to read the word in the box and these five sentences in 3b, find out the difficulties, then discuss them in groups and solve them.
2) Ask Ss to read the passage again and fill in the blanks with the words in the box by themselves.
3) Check the answers in the whole class. Show the complete sentences on the blackboard. And read aloud them. Discuss the use of the conjunctions: so, although, if, but, when.
4) Play the recording for the students to read aloud the passage.
IV. Grammar focus
读一读，并说出每一个句子所用到的时态或者语态
Grammar
观察句子思考问题，小组讨论每个时态及语态的用法，之后教师讲解。
1. 现在进行时:
什么时候用现在进行时？
现在进行时的结构是什么？
现在进行时的标志性词语有哪些？
现在分词的构成规则有哪些？
（1）Be quite, please. The baby is sleeping.
（2）Look! Kenny is swimming happily in the pool.
（3）Now people are taking action animals.Let's join them.
（4）Listen to carefully please. I am talking about something very important.
[讲解]
A. 现在进行时表示（说话瞬间）正在发生或 进行的动作，也可以表示当前一段时间的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
B.谓语构成： be（am/is/are）+ v.-ing
C. 标志性词汇： now, right now, look, listen, etc.
D. 现在分词的构成:
a.一般情况下在动词词尾加-ing. 如：go — going
b. 以不发音e结尾的动词，去掉e加-ing. 如： have— having
c. 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写最后一个字母, 再加-ing。
如： stop —stopping。
2. 现在完成时
现在完成时态的用法有哪些？
现在完成时的结构是什么？
现在完成时的标志词有哪些？
过去分词有哪些构成规则？
(1) He has kept this book for over 2 months. Please ask him to return it soon.
(2) We have lived here since my little sister was born. I like the people here.
(3) Have you ever been to Australia It is a beautiful country.
(4) He has already tried this to solve the problem, but it didn't work.
[讲解]
A. 现在完成时的用法：表示动作已经完成, 但对现在造成影响.或者表示从过去某一点时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作。
B.现在完成时的结构：have/has + 过去分词
C. 标志性词汇：already, yet, ever,before , so far ,for + 时间段，since + 时间点 etc.
D. 过去分词的构成：
a.一般情况下，在动词后面加-ed。如：work—worked
b.在-e结尾的动词后只加-d。 如：close — closed
C. 在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将将y改成i再加ed。
如：study — studied
D：以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加 -ed。
如：stop — stopped
D. 过去分词的构成：
e.不规则动词的过去分词:
AAA型 put put put
AAB型 beat beat beat
ABA型 become became become
ABB型 get got gotten
ABC型 begin began begun
3. 被动语态：
主动语态和被动语态有什么区别？
被动语态的构成是什么？
一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时和情态动词的被动语态结构分别是什么？
(1) Photos and experiences are shared on the microblog.
(2)The video was sent our quickly and was seen by many schoolmates.
(3) In the future, robots will be used by more and more people.
[讲解]
A.主动语态和被动语态区别：
主动语态表示主语是动作的发出者。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象
B.被动语态的构成：be+过去分词。
C.一般现在时被动语态：am/is/are+过去分词
一般过去时被动语态：was/were+过去分词
一般将来时被动语态：will/be going to+过去分词
情态动词的被动语态：can/could/may/might/
should/must+be + 过去分词
4.情态动词:
情态动词有无人称的变化？
情态动词后接动词的什么形式？
你知道的情态动词有哪些？各代表什么意思？
(1)Ken can climb up trees like a koala.
(2)Tracy could ride a bicycle when she was five years old.
(3)You mustn't play with fire. It is dangerous.
(4)It's raining outside, so I have to take an umbrella with me.
(5)As a student, we should obey the school rules.
(6) The light is on in the office. Someone may be there.
[讲解]
A: 情态动词通常无（有/无）人称和数的变化。
B：情态动词后接动词原形。
C: 情态动词有：can/could能够；
may/might可能、可以；
need需要：
have to不得不；
would愿意、将要；
shall将(第一人称) ；
should应该；
must必须
5. used to
used to 表示什么意思？后接什么？
used to 句型的否定句和一般疑问句的形式是什么？
used to 和 be used to 的区别？
(1)James used to wake up late, but now he gets up very early.
(2) Did Cherry use to live in Shanghai when she was a child
A: used to表示过去常常做某事，后接动词原形。
B: used to句型的否定句是didn't use to，
一般疑问句的形式Did + 主语+ use to
C: used to和be used to的区别：
used to do表示过去常常做某事， 而现在往往不做了；
be used to doing表示习惯于做某事;
be used to do 表示被用来做某事。
V.Exercises
1)用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空。
①The girls____________(dance) in the classroom.
②It's 5 o'clock now.Mike____________(have) dinner.
③—______ you ever_____(be) to the US .
— Yes， twice.
④—May I speak to John
—Sorry，he________(go) to NewYork.He will be back in two days.
⑤—Do you know Mr.White well
—Yes.He _________ (work) for the WWF for two years.
⑥ I____________ (live) here since 1999.
⑦—Do you of en clean your classroom
—Yes.Our classroom___________(clean) everyday.
⑧—Did you goto Jack's birthdayparty
—No，I___________ (not invite) .
⑨—What is this
—It'saCD.This CD_________(use) for learning English.
⑩A new highway in my hometown_____________ (build) next month
Keys: ①are dancing ②is having ③Have;been ④has gone ⑤has worked
⑥have lived ⑦is cleaned ⑧was invited ⑨is used ⑩will be built
2)情态动词练习：根据题意选择最适合的情态动词
①—_____you pass me a pen I'd like to write down the
phone number.
—Sure.Here it is.
A.Can B.Need C.Might D.Must
②—May I go to the cinema， Mom
—Certainly， but you_____ be back by 11 o'clock.
A.can B.may C.must D.need
③You_____ worry about me.It's nothing serious.
A.can't B.mustn't C.needn't D.won't
④—Excuse me.Is this the right way to the Summer Palace
—Sorry，I'm not sure.But it_____be.
A.might B.mustn't C.can't D.must
⑤The man in the office_____be Mr.Black, because he went home just now.
A.mustn't B.may not C.can't D.needn't
Keys:ACCAC
3)used to do 练习
①她过去常常周末和朋友闲逛
She____________________with friends on weekends.
②他习惯于每天晚上睡得很晚。
He______________________________at night.
③Ken used to be afraid of dogs.(改为一般疑问句)
___________________________________
Keys:①used to hang out②is used to sleeping late / staying up
③Did Ken use to be afraid of dogs
VI. Practice
Work on 4a
1. Students read the dialogue and get the main ideas of it.
2. Let the students to fill in the blanks with proper verb forms.
3. Ask some students to read aloud the complete conversation. All the class check the answers. Then role－play the conversation in pairs.
Work on 4b:
1. Read aloud the model verbs in 4b. Understand the meaning of them.
2. Students read the passage quickly and get the main idea of it.
3. Students finish the task and discuss in pairs.
4. Check the answers with individual students. Ask them to read aloud the complete sentences. Then the class read aloud the passage.
Work on 4c:
1. Let Ss make a list of things that people can do to help the environment and discuss your list with your partner.
use public transportation (n.交通运输); …
2. Discuss in pairs like this:
A: I think that everyone should use public transportation.
B: I disagree. It’s difficult for parents with young children to use public transportation…
VIII. Summary and homework:
Summary: In this class, we have learned new words, phrases and the uses of “should＋do；used to＋do；have/has＋done；be＋done；be＋doing”.
Homework:
1. Remember the new words, expressions and sentences in this class.
2. Write a report to tell the class how to protect the environment.
板书设计
Section A 2 (3a-4c) 一、New words and expressions: cruel, harmful, industry, law, scientific, afford, be harmful to, at the top of, the food chain, take part in, turn off, pay for, take action 二、Important Sentences: ①Many have heard of shark fin soup. ②If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life. ③The numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years. ④So far, no scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health, so why eat them 三、Grammar Focus 现在进行时、use to do、被动语态、现在完成时态及情态动词的用法。
第三课时 Section B 1 1a-2e
一、教学目标：
1. 语言知识目标：
1) 能掌握以下单词和短语：recycle, gate, bottle, president, work, metal, stop doing sth., recycle sth., turn off, paper napkins, throw away, put sth. to good use, pull…down, bring back
2) 能掌握以下句型：
①Recycling paper is really easy.
②It's hard to stop riding in cars.
③We really shouldn't use paper napkins.
④Have you ever thought about how these things can actually be put to good use
⑤Nothing is a waste if you have a creative mind.
⑥He is known for using iron and other materials from old cars to make beautiful art pieces.
2) 通过听力练习，提高学生的听力水平。
3）通过阅读短文，培养学生的阅读能力和理解关键词和短语的能力。
2. 情感态度价值观目标：
我们要合理利用自然资源，加强再生资源的回收利用，既可减少资源的浪费，又能很好地保护环境，要培养学生勤俭节约的良好品质。
二、教学重难点
1. 教学重点：
1) 掌握本课时出现的生词、短语及句型的用法。
2) 进行听力训练，提高综合听说能力。
3）运用所学知识描述保护环境的措施。
2. 教学难点
运用所学知识描述保护环境的措施。
三、教学过程
Ⅰ. Lead in
1.Show a video about saving the earth.
2.Think about what we can do to help our environment？Show some examples and pictures.
Ⅱ. Presentation
Present the new words on the big screen and learn the new words together.
III. Discuss
Work on 1a
1. Pre-listening
Look at the survey about environmental actions. Tick ( ) actions you have done and cross ( ) the ones you haven’t done. Discuss it with your partner.
No riding in cars.
Bring bags to go shopping.
Throw rubbish in the bins.
Don’t use wooden chopsticks when you buy takeaway food.
Don’t sing or speak loudly at night.
Turn off the lights when you leave a room.
Don’t use paper napkins.
Turn off the taps.
2.Using the information in the chart to make convesation with your partner
A:What have you done to protect the environment If you want to do better on environmental protection, what will you do
B:Well, I always turn off the lights when I leave a room. I never use wooden chopsticks when I buy takeaway food…
I will…
3. Read the items in 1a and rank them from 1 to 5.
Ⅳ. Discuss
Work on 1b:
1. T：Do you often do these to help the earth Talk with each other.
2. Ask different students to say out their sentences in class.
3. Compare your answers with your partner.
Work on 1c:
1. Let Ss read these phrases in 1c.
2. Read the introduction of 1c and read the phrases in the first column. Learn the meaning of them.
3. Play the recording for the first time. Students check the things that Julia and Jack talk about. Check the answers with the class.
Work on 1d
1. Read the introduction of 1d.Play the recording for the second time.
2. Get the students to finish the task in 1d.
3. Play the recording once more. Students repeat and check the questions.
4. Share your answers with your partner. Ask the students to say out the complete sentences.
V. Group work
Work on 1e
1. Make a conversation using the information from the chart in 1c. Say what is true for you.
2. Ask three pairs to say out their conversations to the class.
3. Write their conversations in the exercise books.
VI. Preparation
Work on 2a
1.Show some picture of cans and bottles that have been thrown away. Let Ss think about what they can do with these bottles and cans.
2.Work in groups. Look at the title and the pictures in 2b.What is the passage about？Can you guess Discuss in groups .
3.The teacher gives suggestions. And lead to the reading.
VII. Reading
Work on 2b
1.Look at the title and the pictures in 2b. Can you guess what the passage is about
2.Show some pictures in 2b. The teacher asks: What can you see in the pictures What is it/are they made of Talk about your feelings about these actions
Fast Reading:
1. Read the passage and answer the questions below
How many people are mentioned in the passage
Who are they
Keys: Three. They are Amy Hayes, Jessica Wong and Wang Tao.
2.Read the passage again. Finish the chart in 2b.
3. Check the answers with the class.
4. Explain the language points in 2b and new words in this class.
[Language points]
(1)Do you often throw away things you don’t need anymore
你经常将你不需要的东西扔掉吗？
throw away意为“扔掉；抛弃”。例如：
I never throw clothes away.我从不丢弃衣服。
◆即学即练
扔掉食物是种浪费。
It is a waste to _____ ______ food.
答案：throw away
(2)Have you ever thought about how these things can actually be put to good use
你有没有考虑过怎么样好好利用这些东西？
put sth. to good use意为“好好利用”，make good use of也意为“好好利用”，如put the money to good use
好好利用这笔钱
◆即学即练
You should make good use of every minute.
You should ____ every minute ____ _____ ______.
答案：put; to good use
(3) ..., but she is a most unusual woman. ……，但她是一个很不寻常的女人。
【解析】 a most unusual woman意为“一个很不寻常的女人”。“a + most + adj. + n.”是一个固定结构，意为“一个很 / 非常……的……”，此处most不表示最高级含义。如：
This is a most useful tool. 这是一件非常有用的工具。
注意： “the + most + （多音节或部分双音节）形容词原级”是形容词的最高级形式。如：
She is the most careful girl in her class. 她是班里最细心的女孩。
(4)The windows and doors come from old buildings around her
town that were pulled down.
她城镇周围旧建筑的窗和门被拆下来了。
pull down…意为“拆下；摧毁”，宾语为代词时应放在pull与
down之间；pull为动词，意为“拉；拔；拖”。例如：
She pulled the drawer open.她拉开了抽屉。
◆即学即练
The building is too old. We have to _____ and build a new one.
A. pull down it B. pull it down C. pull it off D. pull off it
答案：B
(5)The top of the house is an old boat turned upside down.屋顶是一只倒放的旧船。
upside down意为“上下颠倒；倒转”，常与turn搭配构成turn sth. upside down，意为“把某物翻过来；把某处翻得乱七八糟”。例如: Turn the box upside down.把盒子翻过来。
◆即学即练
他把杯子翻过来了。He turned the glass ____ _____.
答案：upside down
6. Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows
that even cold, hard iron can be brought back to life with a little
creativity.艺术不仅能带给他人快乐，而且可以运用一点创意就
赋予冰冷、坚硬的铁生命。
bring back“恢复；使想起；归还”，bring back to life意为“使复
活；给……以活力”。例如：
Once someone has died, he cannot be brought back to life.
人一旦死了, 就不能复生。
◆即学即练
此次旅行唤起了许多美好的回忆。
This trip ___ _____ a lot of happy memories.
答案：brought back
Careful Reading
Work on 2c:
1. Read the phrases in the box in 2c.Then find them in the passage. Learn their meanings.
2. Read the sentences in 2c and understand them. Finish the task of filling. Let the students to read out the complete sentences.
3. Discuss their answers and check the answers in class.
Work on 2d
1. Ask Ss read the words in the box in 2d.
2. Let the students to find words based on these given words in the passage. Write down the words and tell their meanings.
rethink, reuse, unusual
actually, building, creative, recently, environmental, importance, protection, inspiration
especially
3. The teacher explains prefixes and suffixes.
Derivation(派生法)：
在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词，这种构词法叫作派生法。
Prefix(前缀):
加在单词前的词缀叫前缀
Suffix(后缀):
加在单词后的词缀叫后缀
前缀变意 后缀变性
happy (a.) luck (n.)
unhappy (a.) lucky (a.)
happiness (n.) unlucky (a.)
前缀 prefix
1. un- 不，非
uncertain
unreal
uncomfortable
unfriendly
2. in- 不，无，非
inhuman 不人道的
incorrect 不正确的；不对的
indirect 间接的；迂回的
3. im- 不，无，非，常用在p, b, m开头的单词前
impossible
impolite
4. dis-
<1> 不，非
disappear
discover
Disagreement
<2>分开，分离
discuss 讨论
dismiss 解散；开除
5. mis- 错误
mistake =mis-错误+ take拿，→错误
mislead =mis-错误+lead引导→误导,
misunderstand =mis-错误+understand理解，→误解
6. re-
<1>再，重复
recall 回想
remind 提醒
reuse 重复使用
recycle 再循环
review 复习
repair 修理
<2>回，返
return
7. bi- 两个、双边的
biweekly 双周刊 (bi+ week星期+ly→两星期)
bicycle 自行车
8. inter- 相互、交互、在一起
interview 面试
international 国际的
9. tele- 远
telephone
television
telescope 望远镜
10. sub- 在…...下，次，亚，副
subway 地铁
subtitle 副标题
11. com-/con- 一起
company 公司 concentrate 专注于
compare 比较 contest 比赛
over- 过度, 过分
oversleep 睡过头
overwork 过度劳累
overcrowded 挤满的
13. pre- 预先
preview 预习
prepay 预付
preschool 学前的
super- 超级
supermarket 超市
superpower 超级大国
15. under- 在......下
underground 底下的
underworld 黑社会；阴曹地府
16. uni- 整体的，统一的
uniform 制服：uni- +form 形式
the United States of America →USA
后缀 suffix
一. 名词后缀
1. -or/er/ess/ist 从事某种职业的人；人
director actress pianist
singer waitress tourist
driver tigress terrorist
2. -eer 从事......的人
pioneer 开拓者
volunteer 志愿者
3. -ese 民族、语言
Chinese
Japanese
4. ion/sion/ation/action/ition 动作、状态
attraction protection pollution creation decision revision repetition competition satisfaction examination consideration invitation inspiration
5. -ance, -ence 表状态，行为，性质
entrance confidence
appearance difference
Importance
6.-ing 行为，状态；与行为有关的物品
building
recycling
feeling
dancing
7. -ness 状态，性质
illness
sickness
kindness
Darkness
-ity 性质、情况、状态
activity
ability
creativity
electricity
9. -ship 情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业
hardship 艰难
membership 会员
10. -ment 行为，状态，性质
movement 运动
management 管理
二. 形容词后缀
1. -ful 充满，具有…...性质的
wonderful
beautiful
Colorful
2. -y 表性质
healthy
cloudy
sleepy
wealthy
sandy
3. -ing 使人......的
boring
exciting
outstanding
4. -ed 感到......的，已......的，被......的；有......的
surprised talented
bored balanced
5. -al ......的
traditional
international
natural
personal
6. -able, -ible 能够
comfortable
unforgetable
readable 可读的
sensible 意识到的
7. -less 没有、无
careless
useless
meaningless
harmless 无害的
8. -ly 有......特征的；属于......的
lonely
lovely
friendly
lively
daily
9. -ous, -ious 充满的
dangerous serious
famous curious
humorous various
nervous
10. -ive 有......性质的, 有......作用的, 属于......的active
creative
expensive
talkative
11. -ic, -fic, -ical ......的
electric scientific musical
magic physical
historical
chemical
medical
-ern ......方向的
eastern
southern
western
northern
13. -en 由......制成的
wooden
golden
woolen
三. 副词后缀
1. -ly 状态、程度、方式、......地
suddenly
really
usually
finally
slowly
widely
2. -ward/wards 向......地
backward 向后
forward 向前
afterwards 以后；后来
Work on 2e
1. Read the instructions. What need to be done to save the environment？Make a list.
2. Students work in groups. Discuss the following：
Which things can be done by individual people Which things have to be done by
government and organizations
For example:
*Things which can be done by people every day:
take your own bags when you go shopping
spend less time in the shower
turn off the lights when you leave a room
take public transport rather than drive
avoid using air conditioners
*Things which have to be done by governments and organizations:
educate the public
ensure that factories get rid of waste in a responsible way
preserve the forests
preserve endangered species
not allow activities that seriously endanger the environment
3. One student from each group reports the opinions to the class.
VIII.Exercises
Ⅰ. 选词并用其适当形式填空
finish, stop, shop, wash, recycle
1. In order to help save the planet, we can　　　　　books and paper.
2. It’s difficult for me　　　　　the work without others’ help.
3. We should try　　　　　riding in cars to protect the environment.
4. We’d better take our own bags when　　　　　in a supermarket.
5. You’d better turn off the shower while　　　　　your hair.
答案: 1. recycle　2. to finish　3. to stop　4. shopping 5. washing
IX. Summary and Homework
Summary
In this class, we have learned the new words, phrases and sentences. Learn how to
help save the earth. What can we do and what do the government and organizations
have to do to protect the environment
Homework:
1. Remember the words, phrases and sentences in this class.
2. Survey the students in our class.
Then take a class vote.
Do you… Names
recycle paper
turn off lights in the house
…
板书设计：
Section B 1 1a-2e New words and expressions: recycle, gate, bottle, president, work, metal, stop doing sth., recycle sth., turn off, paper napkins, throw away, put sth. to good use, pull…down, bring back Important Sentences: ①Recycling paper is really easy. ②It's hard to stop riding in cars. ③We really shouldn't use paper napkins. ④Have you ever thought about how these things can actually be put to good use ⑤Nothing is a waste if you have a creative mind. ⑥He is known for using iron and other materials from old cars to make beautiful art pieces.
第四课时 Section B 2 (3a-Self Check)
一、教学目标：
1. 语言知识目标：
1）掌握并正确本单元所学单词及短语及目标语言。
2) 掌握单词的后缀与前缀构成单词的词性变化。
3）复习语法：情态动词、被动语态、现在完成时、现在进行时以及used to 的用法。
2. 情感态度价值观目标：
教育学生敢于用英语表达自己，热爱生活，保护环境，提出自己的观点和想法，积极与他人合作，体验自己的学习效果。
二、教学重难点
1. 教学重点：
1) 复习本单元的重点单词、短语及句型。
2) 掌握单词的后缀与前缀构成单词的词性变化。
3）复习语法：情态动词、被动语态、现在完成时、现在进行时以及used to 的用法。
4）运用所学词汇及语法表达我们普通人、政府及有关组织部门每天能做哪些事情来拯救我们的环境。
2. 教学难点：
运用所学词汇及语法表达我们普通人、政府及有关组织部门每天能做哪些事情来拯救我们的环境。
三、教学过程
Ⅰ. Revision
Have a revision of the words, phrases, and sentences.
Ⅱ. Lead in
Discuss what we should do and what the government and organizations need to do about the environment.
III. Practice
Work on 3a
1. Read the main contents in 3a. Discuss the questions in group. Each expresses his/her opinion.Then work in groups.
2. Ask some students to report their discussion.
3. Check the mistakes in the chart in the whole class.
IV. Writing
Work on 3b
1. Write a letter to the city major about the problem and your suggestions.
In your letter, describe the environmental problems in your town/city.
① What are the problems
② Where are they
③ What or who is causing these problems
Then, give suggestions or possible ways to solve the problems.
I think that…
We should / could…
I suggest…
写作指导：
本次写作内容是一封书信, 信中首先要介绍你所在城市存在有哪些环境问题，是谁造成的这些问题，然后提出解决这些环境问题的方法和措施，可以结合3a中列举的问题和前面学过的解决办法来完成这封信。
One possible version
Dear Sir/ Madam,
Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world. With the development of the society, there are too many cars on the streets in our city. Cars have made the air unhealthy for people to breathe. Black smoke and poisonous gas are given off by factories. Factories also put waste into the river. And wherever we go, we can find rubbish.
Now more and more people have realized these problems. I think that governments should close down the factories and develop laws to stop people from driving cars every day. I suggest everyone in this town should help to clean up the river and the streets. We should call on everyone in the town to throw rubbish in the dustbins.
I hope the problem will be solved in the near future and our home will become better and better.
2. Check their work with the whole class. Get three of the students to read aloud their compositions.
V. Self Check
Work on Self Check 1
1. Let Ss write down prefixes and suffixes they have learned in groups.
2. Fill in the blanks on their own. The teacher walks around.
3. Check the work with each other. Learn the words and the prefixes and suffixes. Think of more words.
Work on Self check 2
1. Teach the students the meaning of the grammar names in Chinese.
2. Match each sentence with the grammar structure by themselves.
3.Explain the grammar points in the sentences.
特殊类型的语态转换
一、含双宾语的主动句变被动句
1.把间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语仍放在动词后。例如：
He told us a story. → We were told a story by him.
2.把直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语前要加to(在send, pass, write , give, show, bring 等动词后）或for(在buy, cook, make, choose, order等动词后)。例如：
My teacher often gives me learning advice. →
Learning advice is often given to me by my teacher.
二、含复合宾语的主动句变被动句
在主动句中省略to 的不定式，变被动句时，要添加to。例如：
He made me wait for a long time. →
I was made to wait for a long time by him.
这样的动词有hear, see, notice, watch, feel, make, have, let等。
三、含动词短语的主动句变被动句
不及物动词加介词或副词构成的短语，相当于及物动词，在语态转换时，不能漏掉介词或副词。例如：
They take good care of the babies. →
The babies are taken good care of by them.
4. Ask them to write another sentence for each grammar structure. Tell three students to write their sentences on the blackboard and share their answers together.
Work on Self check 3
1. Ask Ss to write the four kinds of pollution. Discuss ways to cut down them in groups.
2. Students write down the ways to cut down them as much as possible.
3. Share their ways with others.
VI.Exercises
Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Nowadays people are fighting against　　　　　(pollute).
2. There are many teaching　　　　　(build) in my school.
3. His cousin is sitting on a　　　　　(wood) chair.
4. He doesn’t realize the　　　　　(important) of learning English.
5. Jane runs so　　　　　(slow)that she can’t catch up with others.
Keys: 1. pollution　2. buildings　3. wooden　4. importance
5. slowly
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. 中心街过去平坦宽广。
The Center Street　　　　　 　　　　　smooth and wide.
2. 这个村庄在过去的几年里发生了许多变化。
Many changes　　　　　 　　　　　in the village in the past few years.
3. 我们应该关心老人。
We　　　 　 　　　　　　care of the old.
Keys: 1. used to　2. have happened　3. should take
VII.Summary and Homework
Summary
In this class, we have reviewed the words, phrases and the grammar in this
unit. We have also reviewed the word formation and learn these words.
Homework:
1. Review the words, phrases and grammar in this unit.
2. Write ways of cutting down the four kinds of pollution.
板书设计：
Section B 2 3a-Self Check 一、Phrases: need to be improved，cause the problem，is getting worse and worse 二、Sentence structures: 1.The river used to be so clean. 　2.We have seen many changes in the environment. 　3.People should take public transportation more. 　4.The river is polluted by factories. 　5.The air pollution is getting worse and worse. 三、构词法 Prefixes and suffixes.

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