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备战2022高考复习模考题速练——说明文阅读
Passage A
With their tiny brains and excellent ability to memorize nectar（花蜜）locations，honeybees are a favorite model organism for studying learning and memory. Such research has indicated that to form long-term memories - ones that last a day or more - the insects need to repeat a training experience at least three times. By contrast, short- and mid-term memories that last seconds to minutes and minutes to hours, respectively, need only a single learning experience.
Exceptions to this rule have been observed, however. For example, in some studies, bees formed long-lasting memories after a single learning event. Such results are often regarded as circumstantial anomalies（反常现象），says Martin Giurfa of the University of Toulouse. But the anomalous findings， together with research showing that fruit flies and ants can form long-term memories after single experiences, aroused Giurfa's curiosity. Was it possible that honeybees could reliably do the same
Giurfa reasoned that the ability to form long-term memories might depend on the particular type of bee and the experience. Within a honeybee colony, there are nurses, who clean the hive and feed the young； guards， who patrol and protect the hive； and foragers （觅食蜂），who search for nectar.
While previous studies have tested bees as a whole, Giurfa and his colleagues focused on foragers, tasking them with remembering an experience relevant to their role：an odor（气味）associated with a sugary reward.
The researchers observed that a single exposure to a reward-paired odor was enough for most forager bees to remember that specific odor the following day. Many foragers could even remember the odor three days later.
The results do not mean that all prior research was wrong, says André Fiala of the University of G ttingen. “People have done the experiments in a different way.” Still, the new results do show that “the commonly held belief that one needs multiple training trials to achieve long-term memory is not always true,” he says, and this “really advances the field."
1. What does the author want to tell us through Paragraph 1
A.A model for memory research.
B. The classification of memories.
C. New research on learning and memory.
D. Previous findings on memory formation.
2.Which factor might influence a bee's memory of an experience, according to Giurfa's research
A.Whether the bee's role is related.
B. Whether the bee is introduced or native.
C.How often the bee repeats the experience.
D. How long the bee is exposed to the reward.
3. What is André Fiala's attitude towards the new results
A. Doubtful. B. Favorable. C. Intolerant. D. Unclear.
4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.Learning and Memory: How Honeybees Remember
B.Honeybee Memory:Honeybee Knows What to Do
C.Honeybees Remember after Just One Lesson
D. Honeybees Use Memory for Communication
Passage B
The cold, wet weather of winter often puts out any wildfires that are still burning. But not in the far North areas, such as Alaska, Canada, and other parts of North America. Some forest fires just don't die in these places. Think of the fires as “zombies": Scientists do. When summers are warmer than normal, some fires can hide through the winter. They burn dead plant matter and soils under snow. In May 2021，scientists reported their work to a scientific journal. The scientists saw that zombie fires are rare but they could become more common as the world warms, the study warns.
“Some years, new fires were starting very close to the previous year 's fire," explains Rebecca Scholten. She studies Earth and environmental sciences at Vrije University Amsterdam in the Netherlands. The new fires made scientists wonder how often fires might survive the winter. The scientists started by combing through firefighter reports. Then they compared these with satellite images of Alaska and northern Canada. The scientists looked for fires that began close to fires from the year before. They also focused on blazes starting before the middle of summer. Random lightning or human actions spark most fires in the area, Scholten says. But those fires happen later in the year.
Zombie fires caused less than 1 percent of the total area burned by fires from 2002 to 2018. But it changed from year to year. Take 2008，for example. A zombie fire burned Alaska that year. It caused almost one-third of fire damage that year. One clear pattern emerged: Zombie fires were more likely to happen after very warm summers. High temperatures may allow fires to reach more deeply into the soil. Such deep burns are more likely to survive to spring.
The zombie fire threat could grow. The climate is warming. Forests in the far North already are warming faster. “ We' re seeing more hot summers and more large fires and intense burning, '’Scholten says. Plus, zombie fires could cause more issues. The fires release huge amounts of greenhouse gases. These trap heat in the Earth ’s atmosphere. The atmosphere is a layer of gases that surround the Earth. Scholten' s research could help fire management. Firefighters would know to check for them after warm summers.
1. What may lead to zombie fires according to the passage
A. wet weather B. hotter summers
C. low temperatures D. cold winters
2. What can we learn about zombie fires from Paragraph 2
A. Changing climate plays a role in the zombie fire threat.
B. It is of little use comparing firefighter reports with satellite images.
C. Where flames broke out provided the clue.
D. Zombie fires are less likely to happen after very warm summers.
3. What conclusion will be possibly made based on the last paragraph
A. Firefighters cannot do much to stop the zombie fires.
B. We still have much to learn about the warming climate.
C. It is important to understand zombie fires.
D. Zombie fires are likely to get much better.
4. Which of the following could be the suitable title of the passage
A. “Zombie" wildfires do great damage to land
B. “Zombie" wildfires sparked by human actions
C. “Zombie" wildfires release greenhouse gases
D. “Zombie" wildfires reappear after wintering underground
Passage C
Shining just 12 light-years from Earth, the star Tau Ceti so resembles the sun that it has appeared in numerous science- fiction stories and was the first star astronomers ever searched for signs of intelligent life, half a century ago. In 2012 Tau Ceti grew still more interesting when astronomers reported five possible planets somewhat larger than Earth circling closer to the star than Mars orbits (围绕……运动) the sun—one of which is in the star’s habitable zone. Newly released images taken by the Herschel Space Observatory provide even more insight about Tau Ceti’s solar system: greater detail about its dust belt.
Dust arises when asteroids and comets (小行星和彗星) crash into one another, so its location reveals where these dust- creating objects — which are too small to be seen directly — orbit a star. In Tau Ceti’s case, “it’s quite a wide dust belt,” says Samantha Lawler of the University of Victoria in British Columbia. As her team reported in November, the belt’s inner edge is roughly two to three astronomical units (AUs) from the star, which is the position of our own sun’s asteroid belt. (An AU is the distance from Earth to the sun.) Tau Ceti’s dust belt extends out to 55 AU, which would be just beyond our system’s main Edgeworth-Kuiper belt, the zone of small bodies whose largest member is probably Pluto. Probably full of asteroids and comets, Tau Ceti’s dust belt most likely lacks a planet as large as Jupiter, Lawler says. The gravity of such a massive planet would have driven away most small space rocks.
Within a year a new series of radio telescopes in Chile called ALMA should provide a sharper view of the disk, especially of its inner edge. The ALMA images will help astronomers confirm whether the star’s five proposed planets are indeed real. If the disk overlaps（重叠） the planets’ hypothesized (假设的) orbits, then they probably do not exist; they would have kept away most asteroids near the star, removing the source of dust.
If those planets do exist, however, Lawler’s team suggests that Tau Ceti’s planetary system may resemble what our solar system would have looked like had the four giant planets—Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune- never formed: small planets orbiting close to the star, and nothing but asteroids, comets and dust beyond.
1. According to astronomers, the five possible planets of Tau Ceti________.
A. resembled Earth in size
B. functioned like a solar system
C. were located in Tau Ceti’s habitable zone
D. were nearer to Tau Ceti than Mars to the sun
2. Which of the following is true of Tau Ceti’s dust belt
A. It is narrower than the asteroid belt in our system.
B. The bodies inside it are all smaller than Jupiter.
C. The gravity of Tau Ceti makes it get denser.
D. It is over 55 astronomical units in width.
3. According to the passage, the five planets are most likely to exist if________.
A. they don’t move into the dust belt while orbiting Tau Ceti
B. they have kept away most asteroids and comets
C. they don’t crash into any asteroid or comet
D. they can be seen clearly by ALMA
4. It can be inferred from the passage that Tau Ceti’s dust belt________.
A. is useful because it stops asteroids or comets crashing into the star
B. makes Tau Ceti different from the sun because it extends farther
C. is interesting because it keeps other planets away from Tau Ceti
D. plays a role in helping decide whether the five planets are real
Passage D
The pandemic has required many people to make difficult judgments. Politicians have had to decide which restrictions to impose on citizens' behavior and individuals were forced to assess how much personal risk to take.
Good judgment is a quality everyone would like to have. But it is remarkably difficult to define precisely, and many people are not sure whether they personally possess it. Sir Andrew Likierman of the London Business School has spent a long time talking to leaders in a wide range of fields in an effort to create a framework for understanding judgment.
First he had to define the word. He suggests that judgment is ''the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and make decisions''. The degree of judgment required tends to increase as people take on more responsibility. For a chief executive, the proportion of decisions involving judgment is high. Deciding not to take action is also a judgment with potentially serious consequences.
Some people think that good judgment is inborn. Sir Andrew accepts that some individuals are born with the ability to listen, be self-aware and better understand other people: all qualities that make good judgment easier. Others may have the wrong sort of characteristics; a tendency to ignore others, stick to rules irrespective of context, rush into action without reflection and struggle to make up their minds.
As artificial intelligence gets used for more and more routine tasks in the service sector, exercising judgment may be one of the only areas where humans retain an edge over machines. This is far from certain, however. With enough practice, machines may be able to display the equivalent of good judgment. But then, perhaps humans can be taught, too. In the long run, one of the trickiest aspects of human judgment may be knowing precisely when to let machines make decisions and when to leave it to people.
1. Which of the following situation DOESN'T need a person's judgment
A. Politicians decide restrictions imposed on citizens' behavior.
B. A person assesses what action to take in face of difficulties.
C. A student decides not to work out a math problem.
D. A farmer feels hurt when bitten by a snake.
2. Which statement is true about Sir Andrew Likierman
A. He talked to leaders with good judgment for his study.
B. He thinks people are born with good judgment.
C. He thinks being self-aware helps with good judgment.
D. He thinks people with the ability to listen have good judgment.
3. What may artificial intelligence be able to do according to the passage
A. to make decisions freely B. to finish any tasks
C. to display good judgment D. to leave decisions to humans
4. Which of the following could replace the underlined phrase
A. have an advantage over B. take the place of
C. perform worse than D. stand up to
Passage E
Chinese scientists have created the world's first light-based quantum(量子) computer, called Jiuzhang, opening a new era of quantum computation. It's a breakthrough in the field after Google completed its quantum computer last year.
Compared with today's best supercomputers, Jiuzhang can calculate 100,000 billion times faster. For example, it takes Jiuzhang 200 seconds to perform Gaussian boson sampling(高斯玻色取样问题), an extremely challenging calculation, while the fastest classical supercomputer, Fugaku, would need about 600 million years to complete the same task.
Quantum computers can take computational shortcuts (捷径) when simulating (模拟) extremely complex scenarios(场景), whereas conventional computers have to find a solution step by step, taking significantly more time in the process.
Quantum machines' amazing computing power arises from their basic building blocks, called quantum bits, or qubits, according to the University of Science and Technology of China. Usually, classical computers handle data in binary (二进制的) bits, presenting data as either 0s or ls. However, quantum computers process data using qubits, which can be identified as 0s, 1s or everything in between. As a result, as the number of qubits increases, the computing ability of quantum computers increases too.
With advantages over traditional computers, quantum computers have a wide range of applications. The calculations carried out by Jiuzhang can potentially be applied to machine learning, quantum chemistry and graph theory, according to Pan Jianwei, a key researcher behind Jiuzhang.
According to Pan, quantum computing has already become a fierce competition ground among the United States, Europe, and other developed regions. “The feat(壮举) cements(巩固) China's position in the first echelon( 梯队)of nations in quantum computing,” the university said in a news release.
Jiuzhang is currently only programmed to do boson sampling. “In the near future, scientists may increase Jiuzhang's possible output states- a key indicator of computing power,” Lu Chaoyang, another key researcher behind Jjuzhang, told China Daily.
1. What can we learn about Jiuzhang
A. It is the first to take advantage of quantum computation.
B. It calculates 100,000 times faster than Fugaku.
C. It is the fastest to perform Gaussian boson sampling.
D. It took Chinese scientists a year to create the computer.
2. What makes Jiuzhan's computing power superior to classical computers
A. The way it deals with data. B. The number of bits it uses.
C. The common materials it uses. D. The conventional solution.
3. What do paragraphs 5 and 6 mainly talk about
A. The current situation of quantum computing.
B. The significance of the creation of Jiuzhang.
C. Future research on quantum computing.
D. What needs to be improved with Jiuzhang.
4. What is the main purpose of the article
A. To inform readers of a new invention.
B. To explain how quantum computers work.
C. To compare different supercomputers.
D To introduce the development of computers.
Passage F
At the age of 50，Nina Schoen expects to have a long life ahead of her, but has thought a lot about death- and why people are so reluctant to talk about it: “It's going to happen to all of us," she says, “but it should be a more positive experience than the fear we put into it.'
When she first heard about a new end-of-life process that turns the body into compost (堆肥)，“I was really moved by the idea,” says Schoen, who became one of the first to reserve a spot with a Seattle-based company called Recompose, the country's first funeral home to offer human composting.
Last year Recompose began transforming bodies to soil, more formally known as natural organic reduction. Before that, end-of-life options in the U. S. were limited to burial or cremation ( 火化)，both of which come with environmental costs- U. S. cremations alone dump 1. 7 billion pounds of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere every year.
Katrina Spade pioneering the composting movement has spent a decade developing the process in hopes of offering people a greener option for death care.“I wondered，‘ What if we had a choice that helps the planet rather than harms it '”Spade tells PEOPLE.“ To know that the last gesture you'll make will be gentle and beneficial and it just feels like the right thing to do.”
After she had her own two sons，she began to wonder what she might do with her body after death. A friend who knew her interest in the topic reminded her that farmers sometimes compost the body of cows, and that sparked an idea for her theory: “If you can compost a cow, you can probably compost a human," she thought, and she set about designing a facility to do just that.
"This is about giving people another choice," Spade says.“ At first, people react with shock一‘You really can do that ’But so many people today are looking at their impact on the Earth. This is a popular thing because when you die，you can give back to the planet."
1. How do people react when it comes to death according to paragraph 1
A. They are unwilling to comment. B. They can face it without fear.
C. They feel it a positive experience. D. They would like to compost their bodies.
2. What can we know about the company Recompose
A. Its CEO is Katrina Spade. B. It is located in Seattle.
C. It was founded to resist cremation. D. It has spent 10 years composting bodies.
3. What does the underlined word “sparked” probably mean
A. Changed. B. Compromised. C. Quitted. D. Inspired.
4. What message does the author seem to convey in the text
A. A little things in our life can bring in big outcomes.
B. We human beings should do all we can to help the earth.
C. Composting is so popular that we should reserve a spot soon.
D. We should reject burial because of its harm to environment.
Passage G
In classrooms around the world, most kids know each other’s standing in terms of popularity. Past psychology research has looked into the ways that children and teens attain this status. A new study takes a different approach by looking at how popular children, aged 11, behave when they participate in a one-on-one cooperative task with a randomly chosen classmate.
The researchers got 218 eleven-year-old girls and boys to complete a cooperative task in same-sex pairs. The task required each pair of children to sit at a computer together and fill out a form about planning a classroom party, including making decisions about the time and date, and what snacks would be on offer. A camera recorded the discussions which took about ten minutes. Before this, all the children had answered questions about who was the most and least popular child in their class. The researchers used these ratings to find out each child’s overall popularity.
Perhaps the most striking finding was the sex difference that emerged: the more popular girls were with their class as a whole, the more skilful leadership they showed in the cooperative task with a single classmate. By contrast, boys’ class popularity was associated with their showing less skilful leadership in the task.
The researchers also looked at how a child’s behaviour in the task was related to the popularity of their partner. Both girls and boys adopted a low profile when they were cooperating with a popular partner: they tended to avoid being pushy, suggesting they did not want to upset their popular classmate. “Interaction partners of high-status peers（同龄人）may keep a low profile because they are aware of the abilities of the high-status influential peer,” the researchers said.
There could be practical insights here. “If a teacher wants to promote self-confidence and leadership in a girl, having her work with a highly popular peer might not be the best option because the popular peer’s reputation or behaviour could lead to submissive（顺从的）behaviour in the girl,” the researchers said. “Instead, the teacher could pair her with an average-status peer, or maybe explicitly assign a more submissive role to the peer with whom she would be interacting, in order to promote the girl’s self-confidence.”
1. What did the sex difference in the study show
A. Girls were more popular than boys.
B. Girls were less submissive than boys.
C. Girls showed more skilful leadership than boys.
D. Boys were less skilful in discussions than girls.
2. How did the children who kept a low profile behave in the cooperative task
A. They tried to influence their partners.
B. They doubted the popularity of their partners.
C. They didn’t try to persuade their partners forcefully.
D. They made suggestions that made their partners happy.
3. What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. Gaining class popularity. B. Developing leadership in a girl.
C. Getting along well with a partner. D. Gaining confidence of popular girl.
4. What did the new study focus on
A. The children’s popularity ratings.
B. The sex difference in making decisions.
C. The ways that children gained popularity.
D. The relationship between popularity and leadership.
答题卡
Passage A 题号
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Passage B 题号
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Passage C 题号
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Passage D 题号
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Passage E 题号
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Passage F 题号
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Passage G 题号
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参考答案及解析
Passage A
本篇是科技说明文。文章重在介绍新的研究推翻过去实验的结论，认为蜜蜂的记忆，尤其是长期记忆不一定需要多次训练。
1．D 主旨大意题。第一段主要告知之前的研究发现的蜜蜂对于长、中、短期记忆及学练频率的关系。故选D。
2．A 细节理解题。从第三段“Giurfa reasoned that the ability to form long-term memories might depend on the particular type of bee and the experience.”以及第四段“tasking them with remembering an experience relevant to their role”可知，当蜜蜂的角色和他们所要记忆的东西有相关性时，他们会一次形成长期记忆。故选A。
3．B 推理判断题。根据末段“the commonly held belief...is not always true，”和“really advances the field”可知，他觉得这个研究在该领域前进了一大步。故选B。
4．C 最佳标题题。文章从第一段介绍之前的研究表明蜜蜂的不同时段记忆需要不同的训练实现，到新的实验推翻旧有理论，认为有些长期记忆也可以由一次训练达到。可知本文正是想说明这一最新发现。故选C。
Passage B
本文是一篇说明文。研究发现,一般的野火会在冬天为严寒所扑灭，而“僵户火”即使在冬天也会燃烧。随着气候变暖,“僵尸火”可能会越来越普遍。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段内容When summers are warmer than normal, some fires can hide through the winter. 以及第三段Zombie fires were more likely to happen after very warm summers. High temperatures may allow fires to reach more deeply into the soil. Such deep burns are more likely to survive to spring.可知气候变暖导致了“僵尸火”的出现，故选B。
2.C推理判断题。根据第二段内容“Some years, new fires were starting very close to the previous year's fire," explains Rebecca Scholten. ... The new fires made scientists wonder 可知, 新火发生的地点很接近前一年的大火, 这一点让科学家很好奇, 于是展开了研究。故答案C正确。A选项出现在最后一段。B、D 选项与原文不符。
3.C 推理判断题。根据最后- -段内容,“僵尸火”给环境带来了影响,所以了解这方面信息对扑灭大火，保护环境很重要。故选C。
4.D 标题选择题。通读全文可知,一般的野火会在冬天为严寒所扑灭,而“僵尸火”即使在冬天也会燃烧。故选D。.
Passage C
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了恒星天仓五的尘埃带的一些情况，以及在决定天仓五的五颗可能的行星是否真实存在方面的作用。
1. D 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In 2012 Tau Ceti grew still more interesting when astronomers reported five possible planets somewhat larger than Earth circling closer to the star than Mars orbits (围绕……运动) the sun—one of which is in the star’s habitable zone. (2012年，天文学家们报道了五颗可能比地球大一些的行星，它们围绕着恒星天仓五运行，比火星绕太阳运行的距离更近，其中一颗位于恒星的可居住区，这使得天仓五变得更加有趣)”可知，天仓五的五颗可能的行星离天仓五的距离比火星离太阳的距离更近，故选D。
2. D 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Tau Ceti’s dust belt extends out to 55 AU, which would be just beyond our system’s main Edgeworth-Kuiper belt, the zone of small bodies whose largest member is probably Pluto. (天仓五的尘埃带延伸到55个天文单位，刚好在我们系统的主要埃奇沃斯-柯伊伯带之外，这个小天体带的最大成员可能是冥王星。) ”可知，天仓五的尘埃带延伸到55个天文单位，也就是说天仓五的尘埃带的宽度超过55个天文单位。故选D。
3. A 推理判断题。根据第三段中“If the disk overlaps the planets’ hypothesized (假设的) orbits, then they probably do not exist; they would have kept away most asteroids near the star, removing the source of dust. (如果尘埃盘与假设的行星轨道重叠，那么它们很可能不存在；它们会将大多数靠近恒星的小行星拒之门外，从而消除尘埃的来源) ”可知，如果尘埃盘与假设的行星轨道重叠，那么这五颗行星很可能不存在，也就意味着如果它们在绕天仓五运行时轨道没有和尘埃盘重叠，也就是没有进入尘埃带，那么它们可能是存在的，故选A。
4. D 推理判断题。根据第三段“Within a year a new series of radio telescopes in Chile called ALMA should provide a sharper view of the disk, especially of its inner edge. The ALMA images will help astronomers confirm whether the star’s five proposed planets are indeed real. If the disk overlaps the planets’ hypothesized (假设的) orbits, then they probably do not exist; they would have kept away most asteroids near the star, removing the source of dust. (一年内，位于智利的一系列名为ALMA的新射电望远镜将提供更清晰的圆盘图像，特别是其内缘。ALMA的图像将帮助天文学家确认这颗恒星的五颗行星是否真的存在。如果圆盘与假设的行星轨道重叠，那么它们很可能不存在；它们会将大多数靠近恒星的小行星拒之门外，从而消除尘埃的来源) ”可知，根据天仓五尘埃带是否和假设的行星轨道重叠，能帮助天文学家确认这颗恒星的五颗行星是否真的存在，所以天仓五的尘埃带在决定五颗行星是否真实存在方面起着重要作用，故选D。
Passage D
这是一篇说明文。这场大流行要求许多人做出艰难的判断。 政客们不得不决定对公民的行为施加哪些限制，个人被迫评估要承担多大的个人风险。良好的判断力是每个人都想拥有的品质。 但要精确地定义它是非常困难的，许多人都不确定自己是否拥有它。文章主要论述了判断力的概念以及人们对此的看法。
1.推理判断题。根据第三段中“He suggests that judgment is ''the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and make decisions''. The degree of judgment required tends to increase as people take on more responsibility. For a chief executive, the proportion of decisions involving judgment is high. Deciding not to take action is also a judgment with potentially serious consequences.(他认为判断是“个人素质与相关知识和经验的结合，形成意见并做出决定”。当人们承担更多的责任时，需要的判断程度往往会增加。 对于一位首席执行官来说，涉及判断的决策比例很高。决定不采取行动也是一种可能带来严重后果的判断)”可推知，农夫被蛇咬时感到受伤不需要判断。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Sir Andrew accepts that some individuals are born with the ability to listen, be self-aware and better understand other people: all qualities that make good judgment easier. Others may have the wrong sort of characteristics; a tendency to ignore others, stick to rules irrespective of context, rush into action without reflection and struggle to make up their minds.( Andrew爵士承认，有些人生来就具有倾听、自我意识和更好地理解他人的能力：所有这些品质都使良好的判断更容易。其他人可能有错误的特征；他们倾向于忽视他人，不顾背景而坚持规则，不加思考就匆忙行动，并努力做出决定)”可知，C选项“他认为自我意识有助于良好的判断”正确。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“With enough practice, machines may be able to display the equivalent of good judgment.(经过足够的练习，机器可能能够显示出良好的判断力)”可知，人工智能可以显示良好的判断力。故选C。
4.词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“As artificial intelligence gets used for more and more routine tasks in the service sector, exercising judgment may be one of the only areas where humans”以及后文“With enough practice, machines may be able to display the equivalent of good judgment.(经过足够的练习，机器可能能够显示出良好的判断力)”可知，随着人工智能被越来越多地用于服务领域的日常任务，判断可能是人类胜过机器的唯一领域之一。故画线部分意思是“胜过”。A. have an advantage over胜过，优于；B. take the place of代替；C. perform worse than表现糟于；D. stand up to经得起。故选A。
Passage E
短文报道了中国科学家创造了世界上第一台名为“九章”的光量子计算机，开启了量子计算的新纪元。
1.细节理解题。根据第二段“For example, it takes Jiuzhang 200 seconds to perform Gaussian boson sampling(高斯玻色取样问题), an extremely challenging calculation, while the fastest classical supercomputer, Fugaku, would need about 600 million years to complete the same task.”（。例如，九章需要200秒来完成高斯玻色取样问题，这是一个极具挑战性的计算，而最快的经典超级计算机Fugaku需要大约6亿年才能完成同样的任务。）由此可知，九章高在完成斯玻色取样问题时最快的。故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段“However, quantum computers process data using qubits, which can be identified as 0s, 1s or everything in between. As a result, as the number of qubits increases, the computing ability of quantum computers increases too.”（然而，量子计算机使用量子比特处理数据，量子比特可以被识别为0、1或介于0、1和1之间的任何东西。因此，随着量子比特数的增加，量子计算机的计算能力也随之提高。）由此可知，是九章处理数据的方式计算能力使其优于其它计算机。故选A项。
3.主旨大意题。根据第五段“With advantages over traditional computers, quantum computers have a wide range of applications. The calculations carried out by Jiuzhang can potentially be applied to machine learning, quantum chemistry and graph theory, according to Pan Jianwei, a key researcher behind Jiuzhang.”（与传统计算机相比，量子计算机有着广泛的应用。九章的主要研究人员潘建伟表示，九章进行的计算有可能应用于机器学习、量子化学和图论。）根据第六段“The feat cementChina's position in the first echelon of nations in quantum computing”（这一壮举巩固了中国在量子计算领域第一梯队的地位）由此可知，第五段和第六段主要在说创造九章的重要意义。故选B项。
4.推理判断题。根据第一段“Chinese scientists have created the world's first light-based quantum(量子) computer, called Jiuzhang, opening a new era of quantum computation. It's a breakthrough in the field after Google completed its quantum computer last year.”（中国科学家创造了世界上第一台基于光的量子计算机，称为九章，开启了量子计算的新时代。这是谷歌去年完成量子计算机后，这个领域的又一个突破）由此可知，短文的主要目的是告知读者一项新发明。故选A项。
Passage F
1．A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“why people are so reluctant to talk about it”以及“but it should be a more positive experience than the fear we put into it”可知人们不愿意谈及死亡。“reluctant”意为“勉强的，不情愿的”。故选A。
2．B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“…who became one of the first to reserve a spot with a Seattle-based company called Recompose，the country’s first funeral home to offer human composting．”可知Recompose是一家位于西雅图的公司，故选B。
3．D 词义猜测题。朋友知道她在思考怎么处理尸体时，提醒她农民有时候会把牛的尸体制作成肥料，而这让她产生了灵感，故选D。
4．B 观点意图题。文章向我们介绍了一种处理尸体的新选择—把尸体制作成肥料。相比土葬和火化，composting bodies更加的环保，能让我们更好地回馈我们居住的星球，而不是制造污染伤害它。因此作者介绍这种新选择是希望人们在生命终结的时候做一点对环境友好的事。故选B
Passage A
1. C。根据第三段内容可确定答案。
2. C.根据“.. they tended to avoid being pushy"可确定答案。a low profile:低调。
3. B.本段主要说明要培养-个女孩的领导能力,就要避免让这个女孩与高人气的女孩搭档,而是让地位一般的或更顺从的女孩作为其搭档。
4. D。概括全文,可知该研究是观察孩子们的人气度( popularity)与领导能力( leadership)之间的关系。

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