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2021-2022学年闻知中学高一上学期期末英语复习试题（一）
时间：60分钟 总分：100分
第一部分 阅读（共两节，共36分）
第一节（共4小题；每小题4分，满分16分）
Many people feel that dream is unique to humans. However, many dog owners will likely disagree on that. They have noticed that their dogs at various times during the sleep may shake legs, snort (哼) and sometimes growl (低声吼叫) which gives the impression that they are dreaming. These things may wonder us about whether dogs dream.
Scientists confirm that dogs probably do dream. It turns out that dog brains and human brains have many similarities during sleep cycles. Researchers used special machines to measure electrical activity in a dog’s brain and human’s brain. Scientists already knew that when humans dream a certain part of the brain is active during sleep. Researchers discovered that the same part of the brain is active in sleeping dogs. Scientists have other data that back up these findings.
Many people dream that they are trying to move but cannot. Interestingly, part of that experience is not a dream. When people sleep, the brain produces a chemical that causes the dreamer to become temporarily paralyzed (使麻痹). Researchers think this happens so that people cannot physically act out dreams while they are sleeping. Dog brains make the same chemical. In one study during which this chemical was blocked, sleeping test dogs performed physical activities, such as standing up, sniffing around the room for imaginary rabbits, or chasing imaginary balls.
Because of these similarities, researchers believe that the content of a dog’s dream might come from the same source as a human’s dream. “People’s dreams are usually based on things they did that day,” says Dr. Samantha Hudspith. “So there is reason to believe that dogs dream about the things they’ve done that day. Of course, there will never be a way to prove this. Dogs cannot describe their dreams the way that humans can.”
1. What does the underlined phrase “back up” mean in the second paragraph
A. Disagree. B. Support. C. Record. D. Show.
2. What happened to a sleeping dog when this chemical mentioned in paragraph 3 was cut off
A. It woke up. B. It stopped dreaming. C. It acted out its dream. D. It couldn't move its body.
3. How is the text mainly developed
A. By telling stories B. By giving examples. C. By comparing details D. By listing differences.
4. What is the best title for the text
A. Do Dogs Dream B. Why Do Dogs Dream C. Signs of Dog Dreams D. Similarities Between Humans and Dogs
第二节 （共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分）
Which do you like better: breakfast or lunch ____5____ Brunch gets its name from the first two letters of breakfast and the last four letters of lunch .
___6___. They liked to go hunting. During the hunting break, they would enjoy a mid-morning meal that included meat, eggs and many other things.
Today, it is a meal eaten around late morning to early afternoon, usually on weekends. It might seem like a simple meal, but sometimes it raises breakfast to an artistic level. For example, ordinary pancakes might be changed to blueberry pancakes.
In Melbourne, brunch culture is also being welcomed. I decided to try it with my friend. We visited a cafe that is famous for its flower theme. ___7___
This theme is also shown in its food and drinks. The pink rose tea latte (拿铁) had real rose petals (花瓣) on top. ____8____ For the main course (主菜), I chose the soft-shell crab. The crab was placed in a bread bowl with some fried crab claws (爪) on the top.
The brunch greatly satisfied my appetite (食欲). ___9___
A. It tasted as sweet as it looked.
B. Lack of food is the main cause of brunch.
C. Well, with brunch you don’t have to choose!
D. Though I was full, I still wanted to have another one.
E. Rich British people are believed to have invented brunch.
F. Even if I was busy with work, I still spent enough time having breakfast.
G. There was a wall full of various types of fresh and colorful flowers.
第二部分 语言知识运用 （共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
I have a close childhood friend. He spent the last eight years attending night___10___ to get his bachelor’s degree (学士学位) while also doing a full-time job. Last month, after years of late nights and weekends of studying, he___11___ graduated.
He ___12___ in our hometown after high school, ___13___ most of his friends, myself included, left long ago for other states for university and jobs. Over time, work, families, and other ___14___ have made it difficult for us all to be ___15___ in our hometown at the same time.
I put forward a wonderful idea: plan a weekend that we’d all be ___16___ to fly back to our hometown to surprise him and celebrate his ___17___. It was so much fun ___18___ the affair. The bait (诱饵): his mom told him that he was going to have ___27___ with just his grandparents to celebrate. Little did he know that the family dinner would ___19___ a 20-person affair with friends from all around the states. I got to ___20__ a cake so that everyone ___21__ could enjoy it.
When the guest of honor arrived to “dinner with the ___22___”, he was greatly surprised and told us it made him feel special. The “white lie” dinner plan was a great ___23___ for me.
11. A. club B. party C. cafe D. school
12. A. finally B. quickly C. suddenly D. luckily
13. A. taught B. stayed C. arrived D. married
14. A. but B. so C. or D. for
15. A. adventures B. requests C. experiences D. arrangements
16. A. inside B. apart C. back D. out
17. A. safe B. eager C. free D. anxious
18. A. birthday B. achievement C. examination D. wisdom
19. A. debating B. studying C. planning D. controlling
20. A. lunch B. dinner C. time D. fun
21. A. turn into B. give up C. relate to D. focus on
22. A. sell B. deliver C. cut D. order
23. A. attending B. leaving C. receiving D. tasting
24. A. teachers B. grandparents C. classmates D. friends
25. A. surprise B. worry C. success D. stress
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
English was once ____26___ (speak) only by people in a part of Britain. But during the twentieth century, it became a world language-a language used by speakers of many different languages ____27____ (communicate) with each other. ____35____ it is called a “world language”, more than five billion people- most of people on the earth-do not speak English as either their first ____28____ second language. However, hundreds of millions of people use it, and hundreds of millions are learning it. Because so many people learn and use English, it may be hard to imagine that one day English may not be the world’s ____29____ (lead) language. Remember that there were other important languages in the past which lost their ____30____ (important) or even disappeared. In Europe, Latin was used as a common language for many centuries before people stopped using it. French was once a language ____31____ (know) by all well-educated people, and was ____32___ (popular) than English. But since the nineteenth century, English ____33____ (become) more popular than French. Today, many people ____34____ want to learn a new language are learning Chinese, Spanish or Arabic. It may be that, one day, instead of English, another language will be used across the world.
第三部分写作（满分10分）
35. 假定你是班长李华，在寒假期间全班同学计划到孔子博物馆参观。请你给外教Mr. Henry写封邮件，邀请他参加，内容包括：
1. 发出邀请；
2. 活动安排；
3. 注意事项。
注意: 1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇:孔子博物馆 Confucius Museum2021-2022学年闻知中学高一上学期期末英语复习试题（一）
【答案】
1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。许多人觉得梦是人类独有的。然而许多养狗人注意到狗在睡眠时会摇晃腿、打鼾、有时会低声吼叫，因此他们认为狗在做梦。科学家通过实验发现狗可能会做梦，但也无法证明这一点，因为狗无法像人类那样描述自己的梦。
【1题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Scientists confirm that dogs probably do dream.”可知，科学家证实狗可能会做梦。下文的研究结果是在解释为什么狗有可能像人一样做梦。由本段最后一句“Scientists have other data that back up these findings.”可知，科学家有其他数据支持这些研究结果。因此本段首尾两句相扣，back up与confirm同义，意为“证明，证实”。A. disagree不同意；B. support支持。C. record记录；D. show展示。因此，通过对confirm的理解，选择support合适，即有数据支持这些研究成果。故选B。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In one study during which this chemical was blocked, sleeping test dogs performed physical activities, such as standing up, sniffing around the room for imaginary rabbits, or chasing imaginary balls.”可知，在一项研究中阻断这种化学物质的产生，结果是参与睡眠测试的狗开始进行身体活动，例如站起来，在房间里嗅想象中的兔子，或者追逐想象中的球。即当该种化学物质被抑制后，睡着的狗开始将梦中的活动付诸于实施。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It turns out that dog brains and human brains have many similarities during sleep cycles.”和第三段中的“Dog brains make the same chemical.”可知，狗的大脑和人的大脑在睡眠时发生的活动有许多相似之处，狗的大脑和人的大脑产生同样的化学物质。因此本文主要是通过“比较”的方法来写作的。故选C。
【4题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段 “Many people feel that dream is unique to humans. However, many dog owners will likely disagree on that. They have noticed that their dogs at various times during the sleep may shake legs, snort and sometimes growl which gives the impression that they are dreaming. These things may wonder us about whether dogs dream.”可知，许多人觉得梦是人类独有的。然而，许多养狗人可能会在这一点上意见不一。他们注意到，他们的狗在睡眠中的不同时间可能会摇晃腿、打鼾，有时会低声吼叫，这给人一种他们在做梦的印象。这些事情可能会让我们怀疑狗是否会做梦。由下文“Scientists confirm that dogs probably do dream.”可知，文章就狗是否会做梦展开论述。根据文章最后“So there is reason to believe that dogs dream about the things they’ve done that day. Of course, there will never be a way to prove this. Dogs cannot describe their dreams the way that humans can.”可知，有理由相信狗梦见了他们当天所做的事情。当然，永远不会有办法证明这一点。狗无法像人类那样描述自己的梦。因此用问句“狗是否能做梦？”来总结文章主要内容是合适的，即它是文章的最佳标题。故选A。
5. C 6. E 7. G 8. A 9. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。早午餐在英国和澳大利亚都很受欢迎，它的营养是很丰富的，作者和朋友来到墨尔本的一家咖啡馆饱餐一顿。
【5题详解】
考查段中句。根据空前“Which do you like better: breakfast or lunch (你更喜欢哪一种：早餐还是午餐？）”和空后“Brunch gets its name from the first two letters of breakfast (br-) and the last four letters of lunch (-unch).（早午餐的名字来源于早餐的前两个字母br和午餐的后四个字母unch）”可知，C项(有了早午餐你就不必选择早餐还是午餐了！)能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺，选项中的choose对应上一句话中的or。故选C项。
【6题详解】
考查段首句。根据空后“They liked to go hunting. During the hunting break, they would enjoy a mid-morning meal that included meat, eggs and many other things. (他们喜欢去打猎。在打猎休息期间，他们可以在上午中间的时候享受包括肉、蛋和许多其他东西的一顿饭食。）”可知， E项(人们认为是英国富人发明了早午餐。）能够与下文连接通顺，a mid-morning meal就是选项中的brunch，they指代的是选项中的rich British people。故选E项。
【7题详解】
考查段尾句。由空前句“We visited a cafe that is famous for its flower theme. (我们参观了一家以花卉为主题的咖啡馆。）”可知，G项(墙上挂满了各种各样的鲜花。)能够承接上文，选项中的flowers与前一句的flower是同词复现。故选G项。
【8题详解】
考查段中句。根据空前“This theme is also shown in its food and drinks. The pink rose tea latte had real rose petals on top. (这一主题也体现在它的食物和饮料上。拿铁咖啡上面漂浮着真正的粉红玫瑰花瓣。）”和空后“For the main course , I chose the soft-shell crab.（我选了软壳蟹做主菜。）”可知，A项(它尝起来和看上去一样甜。）能够承接上文，选项中的it指代的是前一句的tea latte，这是在说饮料的情况，下文开始介绍食物的情况。故选A项。
【9题详解】
考查段尾句。根据上文“The brunch greatly satisfied my appetite. (早午餐极大地满足了我的胃口。）”可知，D项虽然我已经吃饱了，但我还是想再吃一次。)与上文连接通顺。故选D项。
【点睛】选五的解题技巧之一是根据上下文词汇来锁定线索。即：要关注空白前后的名词和动词，然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等，看是否有同词复现。其次是一些专有名词，数词、代词、时间、年代、地点/名称等。在本文中，第1小题：选项中的choose对应上一句话中的or；第2小题：a mid-morning meal就是选项中的brunch，they指代的是选项中的rich British people；第3小题：选项中的flowers与前一句的flower是同词复现；第4小题：选项中的it指代的是前一句中的tea latte。因此，关注同词复现和代词的指代在这篇文章中是很有效的做法。
【答案】10. D 11. A 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C 16. C 17. B 18. C 19. B 20. A 21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者儿时朋友在家乡花了八年时间读夜校，终于拿到了学士学位。他的大多数朋友，包括作者自己都离开家乡外出求学和工作，很少回家乡与他相聚。这次为了庆祝他通过千辛万苦获得学士学位，作者和其他朋友为他专门举办了一个惊喜毕业party。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他上夜校八年最后获得了学士学位，与此同时他还有一份全职工作。A. club俱乐部；B. party聚会；C. café 咖啡馆；D. school学校。根据下一句中的“graduated”可知，朋友毕业获得学士学位，这是需要通过上学获得的。attend night school表示“上夜校”，合乎语境。故选D。
【11题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：上个月，经过多年的夜晚和周末的学习，他终于毕业了。A. finally最后；B. quickly迅速地；C. suddenly突然地；D. luckily幸运地。结合前面谈到的信息，朋友在全职工作的情况下读了八年的夜校，经历了千辛万苦，他“终于（finally）”毕业了。故选A。
【12题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：高中毕业后，他留在了我们的家乡。A. teach教育；B. stay留下；C. arrive到达；D. marry 结婚。根据本句后面的“most of his friends, myself included, left long ago for other states for university and jobs.（他的大多数朋友离开了家乡去读书和工作）”及后文“fly back to our hometown to surprise him.（朋友们乘飞机回到家乡给他送去惊喜）”可知，他在高中毕业后留在了家乡。故选B。
【13题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：但他的大多数朋友，包括我在内，早就离开家乡去其他州读书和工作。A. but但是；B. so所以；C. or或者；D. for因为。空前提到高中毕业后他留在了家乡，空后讲他的大多数朋友离开了家乡去读书和工作。因此空前后的两个句子在语意上是转折关系。故选A。
【14题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，工作、家庭和其他安排使我们很难同时回到家乡。A. adventure冒险；B. request要求；C. experience经历；D. arrangement 安排。本句讲的是作者及其他朋友为什么很难同时回到家乡，原因包括工作、家庭。此处填入“冒险、要求、经历”与work和families并列是不合适的，而other arrangements表示“除了工作、家庭之外的安排”，即包含了很多因素，合乎语境。故选D。
【15题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，工作、家庭和其他安排使我们很难同时回到家乡。A. inside 在内部；B. apart分开；C. back 向后；D. out在外面。由下文“fly back to our hometown”中的“back”一词可知，朋友们要乘飞机“回到（be back）”家乡。故选C。
【16题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我提出了一个绝妙的主意：计划选择一个周末，我们都能有空闲飞回家乡，给他一个惊喜，庆祝他的毕业成就。A. safe安全的；B. eager渴望的；C. free 空闲的，自由的；D. anxious 焦虑的。上文提到工作、家庭和其他安排让他们很少同时回到家乡，因此安排出一个周末以便大家“有空闲”都回去。故选C。
【17题详解】
考查词词义辨析。句意：我提出了一个绝妙的主意：计划选择一个周末，我们都能有空闲飞回家乡，给他一个惊喜，庆祝他的毕业成就。A. birthday生日；B. achievement 成就；C. examination考试；D. wisdom 智慧。朋友在全职工作的情况下读了八年的夜校终于毕业了。毕业是他经历千辛万苦取得的“成就”。因此朋友们包括作者本人从外地飞回家乡庆祝他的毕业。故选B。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：策划这件事真是太有趣了。A. debate辩论；B. study 学习；C. plan 计划；D. control 控制。根据后文“The “white lie” dinner plan was a great ___15___ for me.”可知，这次聚餐计划是个善意的谎言，作者及朋友们决定由他的母亲出面，告诉他是去与自己的祖父母吃饭，到时他却发现变成了有20人参加的同学聚会，他一定会很惊讶，因此这是在他不知情的情况下“策划”的一件事情，plan是提示词。故选C。
【19题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他妈妈告诉他，他要和祖父母一起吃晚饭庆祝他的毕业。A. lunch午餐；B. dinner晚餐；C. time时间；D. fun 乐趣。由下文“When the guest of honour arrived to dinner with the ___14___”可知，妈妈告诉他回来与祖父母一起吃 “晚饭”。故选B。
【20题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他不知道这顿家庭晚餐会变成一场20人的聚餐，他的美国各地的朋友们也参加到这场聚会。A. turn into变成；B. give up放弃；C. relate to 与……有关；D. focus on 关注。朋友们回来是为庆祝他毕业的，但他并不知道。妈妈告诉他和祖父母吃饭。最后他发现这顿饭“转变”为一个有20人参加的聚会。故选A。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我去订购了一个蛋糕，让所有参加的人都能享用。A. sell卖出；B. deliver 寄 送，交付；C. cut削减；D. order 订购。根据本句后面部分可知，为了每个人能吃到蛋糕因此作者去“订购（order）”一个大蛋糕。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我去订购了一个蛋糕，让所有参加的人都能享用。A. attend出席，参加；B. leave离开；C. receive接收；D. taste 品尝。此处用attending作后置定语修饰everyone表示到场参加聚餐的每一个人，合乎语境。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他回来与祖父母共进晚餐时，他非常惊讶并告诉我们这让他感到很特别。A. teacher教师；B. grandparents祖父母；C. classmate 同学；D. friend朋友。由上文“his mom told him that he was going to have ___10___ with just his grandparents to celebrate”可知，上文谈到朋友的母亲告诉他要和“祖父母”一起吃晚饭。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在“善意的谎言”下，这个晚餐计划对我来说是一个巨大的成功。A. surprise惊喜；B. worry担心；C. success 成功；D. stress 压力。由前文“he was greatly surprised and told us it made him feel special”可知，朋友很感动，因此这个聚会是成功的。故选C。
25. spoken
26. to communicate
27. Although/Though/While
28. or 29. leading
30. importance
31. known 32. more popular
33. has become
34. who/that
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了尽管英语被称为“世界语言”，但超过50亿人——地球上的大多数人不会把英语作为第一语言或第二语言。文章分析了过去一些重要的语言，并分析也许有一天，世界各地会用另一种语言来代替英语。
【25题详解】
考查动词时态语态。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且根据上文English was once可知为一般过去时的被动。故填spoken。
【26题详解】
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知communicate在句中作非谓语动词，且为动词不定式作目的状语。故填to communicate。
【27题详解】
考查连接词。句意：尽管英语被称为“世界语言”，但超过50亿人——地球上的大多数人不会把英语作为第一语言或第二语言。本句为让步状语从句，表示“尽管”应用although/though/while引导，句首字母要大写。故填Although/Though/While。
【28题详解】
考查固定短语。根据短语either…or…表示“要么……要么……”。故填or。
【29题详解】
考查形容词。修饰后文名词language应用形容词leading，表示“主流的”。故填leading。
【30题详解】
考查名词。根据上文their为形容词性物主代词修饰名词importance，表示“重要性”。故填importance。
【31题详解】
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知know在句中作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语language构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填known。
【32题详解】
考查比较级。句意：法语曾经是所有受过良好教育的人都知道的语言，而且比英语更受欢迎。结合句意可知表示“更受欢迎”应用比较级形式。故填more popular。
【33题详解】
考查动词时态。根据上文since the nineteenth century可知应用现在完成时，且主语为English，助动词用has。故填has become。
【34题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：今天，许多想学一门新语言的人正在学习汉语、西班牙语或阿拉伯语。本句为定语从句修饰先行词people，且先行词在从句中做主语，指人应用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。
【点睛】定语从句中的关系词选择，可考虑以下几点：
1、看清楚先行词的意义，就是理清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点、原因。指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等等。
2、看清楚关系词的句法功能，就是理清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等等。作定语通常用whose，有时也用which。作状语要用when, where, why。
3、看清楚定语从句的种类，就是理清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。that、why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。
4、看清楚文体，就是理清是正式文体，还是非正式文体。是书面语体还是口语体。
如第十小题，句意：今天，许多想学一门新语言的人正在学习汉语、西班牙语或阿拉伯语。本句为定语从句修饰先行词people，且先行词在从句中做主语，指人应用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。
35.Dear Mr. Henry,
Good news for you! An activity about paying a visit to Confucius Museum will be organized by our class over the coming winter holiday. I’m writing to invite you to join us.
As scheduled, the activity will be held on January 19. We are going to meet at our school gate at 7:30 am．We can experience Chinese culture and have a better knowledge of Confucius in the museum, where we can also see many ancient collections related to Confucius. Do take a thick coat with you, for it might be very cold that day. Besides, don’t forget to take your passport.
I’d appreciate it if you could accept my invitation. Looking forward to your early reply．

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