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2022届高考英语二轮复习： 自然科学类语法填空3
Directions: After reading the passage below. Jill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word. fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A The passenger pigeon was a legendary species. _____1_______(fly) in vast numbers across North America, with _____2_______(potential) many millions within a single flock, their _____3_______(migrate) was once one of nature's great spectacles. _____4_______(sad), the passenger pigeon's existence came to an end on 1 September 1914, when the last _____5_______(live) specimen died at Cincinnati Zoo. Geneticist Ben Novak is lead researcher on an ambitious project_____6_______ now aims to bring the bird back to life _____7_______ a process known as 'de-extinction'. The basic premise involves _____8_______(use) cloning technology to turn the DNA of extinct animals into a fertilised embryo, which is carried by the nearest relative still in existence - in this case, the abundant band-tailed pigeon - before _____9_______(bear) as a living, breathing animal. Passenger pigeons are one of the pioneering species in this field, _____10_______they are far from the only ones on which this cutting-edge technology is being trialled.
1. Flying 2.potentially 3.migration 4.Sadly 5.living 6.which/that 7.through 8.using 9.being born 10.but
flock [fl k] (尤指同类人的)一大群; (羊或鸟)群
spectacle [ spekt kl] 壮观的景象; 精彩的表演
specimen [ spes m n] 样品; 标本; 样本
premise [ prem s] n.前提; 假定; v.假定；预述(
fertilise 授精; 施肥于; 使肥沃
embryo [ embri ] ( javascript:; ) 胚; 胚胎
band-tailed ( b nd teild) a wild ( https: / / www.collinsdictionary.com / zh / dictionary / english / wild" \o "wild 的释义 ) pigeon ( https: / / www.collinsdictionary.com / zh / dictionary / english / pigeon" \o "pigeon 的释义 ), Columba ( https: / / www.collinsdictionary.com / zh / dictionary / english / columba" \o "Columba 的释义 ) fasciata, of western ( https: / / www.collinsdictionary.com / zh / dictionary / english / western" \o "western 的释义 ) North America, having a gray ( https: / / www.collinsdictionary.com / zh / dictionary / english / gray" \o "gray 的释义 ) band on its tail
trial tra l] 试验; 试用; 测试(能力、质量、性能等);
Directions: After reading the passage below. Jill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word. fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
In Australia, the thylacine, more _____1_______(common) known as the Tasmanian tiger, is another extinct creature which genetic scientists are striving to bring back to life. 'There is _____2_______ carnivore now in Tasmania that fills the niche which thylacines once _____3_______(occupy),' explains Michael Archer of the University of New South Wales. He points out that in the decades _____4_______ the thylacine went extinct, there has been a spread in a 'dangerously debilitating' facial tumour syndrome _____5_______ threatens the existence of the Tasmanian devils, the island's other notorious resident. Thylacines would have prevented this spread because they would have killed _____6_______(significance) numbers of Tasmanian devils. 'If that contagious cancer had popped up previously, it _____7_______ (burn) out in whatever region it started. The return of thylacines to Tasmania could help to ensure that devils are never again subjected _____8_______ risks of this kind.'
1. commonly 2.no 3.occupied 4.since 5.which/that 6.significant
7. would have burned 8.to
thylacine 袋狼; 袋野狼;
Tasmanian [t z me n n] 塔斯马尼亚;
strive [stra v] 努力; 奋斗; 力争; 力求;
carnivore [ kɑ n v (r)] 食肉动物;
niche ni ] 市场定位; 壁龛; 舒适或称心的工作
debilitate [d b l te t] 衰弱; (使身心)衰竭; 虚弱; 削弱(国家、机构)的力量
tumour [ tju m (r)] 瘤; 肿瘤; 肿块;
syndrome [ s ndr m] 综合征; 综合症状
devil [ devl] 魔王; 魔鬼; 撒旦
pop up 突然出现; 冷不防冒出;
subject to 从属于; 处于…中; 使服从;
Directions: After reading the passage below. Jill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word. fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
If extinct species can be brought back to life, _____1_______ humanity begin to correct the damage it has caused to the natural world over the past few millennia 'The idea of de-extinction is _____2_______ we can reverse this process, _____3_______(bring) species that no longer exist back to life,' says Beth Shapiro of University of California Santa Cruz's Genomics Institute. 'I don't think that we can do this. There is no way to bring back something that is 100 percent identical to a species that went _____4_______(extinction) a long time ago.' A more practical approach for long-extinct species is to take the DNA of _____5_______(exist) species as a template, ready for the insertion of strands of extinct animal DNA _____6_______ (create) something new; a hybrid, _____7_______(base) on the living species, _____8_______ which looks and/or acts like the animal which died out.
1. can 2.that 3.bringing 4.extinct 5.existing 6.to create 7.based 8.but
de-extinction the process of either resurrecting an extinct creature or producing an organism that closely resembles an extinct creature
reverse [r v s] V.颠倒; 彻底转变; 使完全相反 n.
identical [a dent kl] 完全相同的; 相同的; 完全同样的; 同一的
template [ temple t] 样板; 模板; 型板
insertion [ n s n] 插入; 嵌入; 插入物;
strand [str nd] V.搁浅; 使滞留; n.(线、绳、金属线、毛发等的)股; 缕; (观点、计划、故事等的)部分
Directions: After reading the passage below. Jill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word. fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
This _____1_______(complicate) process and questionable outcome begs the question: what is the actual point of this technology 'For us, the goal has always been replacing the extinct _____2_______(specie) with a suitable replacement,' explains Novak. 'When it comes to _____3_______(breed), band-tailed pigeons scatter and make maybe one or two nests per hectare, _____4_______ passenger pigeons were very social and would make 10,000 or more nests in one hectare.' Since the disappearance of this key species, ecosystems in the eastern US _____5_______ (suffer), as the lack of disturbance caused by thousands of passenger pigeons wrecking trees and branches means there has been minimal need for regrowth. This has left forests stagnant and therefore unwelcoming to the plants and animals _____6_______ evolved to help regenerate the forest after a disturbance. According to Novak, a hybridised band-tailed pigeon, with the _____7_______(add) nesting habits of a passenger pigeon, could, in theory, re-establish that forest disturbance, thereby creating a habitat necessary for a great many _____8_______ native species to thrive.
1. complicated 2.species 3.breeding 4.whereas 5.have suffered 6.which/ that 7.added 8.other
breed [bri d] V.繁殖; 孕育 n.品种
hectare [ hekte (r)] 公顷(土地丈量单位，等于1万平方米或约2.5英亩);
disturbance [d st b ns] n.骚乱; 障碍; 紊乱;
wreck [rek] n.沉船; 严重损毁的船 v.破坏; 损坏
stagnant [ st ɡn nt] 停滞不前; 停滞的;
Directions: After reading the passage below. Jill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word. fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Another popular candidate for this technology is the woolly mammoth. George Church, professor at Harvard Medical School and leader of the Woolly Mammoth Revival Project, has been focusing _____1_______ cold resistance, the main way in _____2_______ the extinct woolly mammoth and its nearest living relative, the Asian elephant, differ. By pinpointing which genetic traits made _____3_______ possible for mammoths to survive the icy climate of the tundra, the project's goal is_____4_______ (return) mammoths, or a mammoth-like species, to the area. 'My highest priority would be preserving the endangered Asian elephant,' says Church, 'expanding their range_____5_______ the huge ecosystem of the tundra. Necessary _____6_______(adaptation) would include smaller ears, thicker hair, and extra insulating fat, all for the purpose of reducing heat _____7_______ (lose) in the tundra, and all traits found in the now extinct woolly mammoth.' This repopulation of the tundra and boreal forests of Eurasia and North America with large mammals could also be a useful factor in reducing carbon emissions - elephants punch holes through snow and knock down trees, which _____8_______(encourage) grass growth. This grass growth would reduce temperatures, and mitigate emissions from melting permafrost.
1. on 2.which 3.it 4. to return 5. to 6.adaptations 7.loss 8. encourages
resistance [r z st ns] 反对; 抵制; 抗拒; 抵抗; 反抗
pinpoint [ p np nt] V.准确指出; 明确指出 adj.精确的; 准确的;
tundra t ndr ] ( javascript:; ) 冻土带; 冻原
insulate [ nsjule t] 使隔热; 使隔音; 使绝缘;
repopulation 建群; 再群体化; 重建
boreal 北方的，冷凉的; 北风的;
mitigate [ m t ɡe t] 减轻; 缓和;
permafrost [ p m fr st] ( javascript:; ) (寒带)永冻土层; 永冻层;
Directions: After reading the passage below. Jill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word. fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
While the prospect of bringing extinct animals back to life might capture imaginations, it is, of course, far _____1_______(easy) to try to save an existing species which _____2_______(be) merely threatened with extinction. 'Many of the technologies that people have in mind _____3_______ they think about de-extinction can be used as a form of "genetic rescue",' explains Shapiro. She prefers to focus the debate _____4_______ how this emerging technology could be used to fully understand why various species went extinct in the first place, and therefore how we could use_____5_______ to make genetic modifications which _____6_______ prevent mass extinctions in the future. 'I would also say there's an incredible moral hazard to not do anything at all; she continues. "We know _____7_______ what we are doing today is not enough, and we have to be willing to take _____8_______ calculated and measured risks.'
1.easier 2.is 3.when 4.on 5.it 6.could 7.that 8.some
modification [ m d f ke n] ( javascript:; ) 修改; 改进; 改变;
hazard [ h z d] n.危险; 危害 v.冒失地提出; 冒险猜测;
calculate [ k lkjule t] 计算; 核算; 预测; 推测;

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