资源简介

(共46张PPT)
八年级（上）语法综合解析
各单元语法
Unit 1 Comparative and superlative adjectives
Unit 2 A Comparing the amount of things
B Comparative and superlative adverbs
Unit 3 A Using as…as B Reflexive pronouns
Unit 4 A Giving instructions B Using should and had better
Unit 5 A Using may for possibility
B Using verbs+ to-infinitives
Unit 6 A Using to-infinitives for purpose
B Using verbs + objects + to-infinitives
Unit 7 Verbs and sentence structures
Unit 8 A Past continuous tense B Using when, while, as
重点语法
*Comparative and superlative adjectives/adverbs
*Using to-infinitives
*Giving instructions
*Verbs and sentence structures
重点语法
*Comparative and superlative adjectives/adverbs
*Using to-infinitives
*Giving instructions
*Verbs and sentence structures
比较级：用于两者之间的比较
eg：Which is bigger，this one or that one？
1.A+be+形容词比较级+than+B
Sandy is taller than Millie.
A+动词+副词的比较级+than+B
Lucy runs faster than millie.
2.可修饰adj./adv.比较级的词语
much ,a little, even, still, far, no, a lot, any
eg: He looks much better today.
The dog is still happier.
The coat is a little bigger for me.
3.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越·····”
bigger and bigger faster and faster
The weather is getting hotter and hotter.
多音节词：more and more +多音节词
more and more beautiful
4.“The +adj./adv.比较级（+主语+谓语+其它），the+ adj./adv比较级（ +主语+谓语+其它）”的结构表示“越····越····”
The more morning exercises we do, the healthier we will be.
提醒：在比较时要避免主语的一方与自身进行比较.
eg: Millie is taller than____girl in her class.
A.any B.any other C. other
B
最高级：用于三者或三者以上的人或事物的比较
1.A+be+the +adj最高级+(名词)+in/of/among短语，表示“最······”
eg: Tom is the cleverest boy of the boys.
A+V.+(the )+adv最高级 +in/of/among
Tom runs the fastest of the boys.
2.one of +the+最高级+复数名词.
表示“最····之一”
eg: Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country.
3.“序数词+最高级+名词单数”表示“第几····最”
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
黄河是中国第二长河。
提醒：
①形容词最高级前有物主代词或指示代词，名词所有格等限定修饰时，不再加the.
Millie’s best friend is Amy.
②当两个最高级的形容词修饰同一个名词时，后一个最高级的形容词前的the要省略.
Sandy is the youngest and cleverest boy in my class.
同 级 比 较
1.两者在某一方面相同时
as+形容词或副词原级+as：和·····一样
Lily is as slim as lucy.
Lily does homework as carefully as lucy.
2.表示一方在某方面不及另一方时：不如····
not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as
It is not so/as warm today as yesterday.
She did not dance as/so beautifully as millie.
注意：当表示“不如·····”时，多音节的adj./adv.可用
“ less+形容词/副词 ”
eg: This book is less interesting than that one.
句型转换(比较级与最高级的转换)
1. John is the cleverest boy in his class.
John is ________ than _____ _________ boy in his class.
2.This book is more interesting than that one.
That book is _____ _________than this one.
That book is ___ ____ _________ ____than that one.
3. He has 10 books. I have 5 books.
He has ____ _____ than me.
I have ____ ____ than him.
cleverer
any
other
not
interesting
as
as
more books
less books
less interesting
选择填空
1. The Chang jiang River is one of in the world.
A. the longest river B. longest rivers
C. the longest rivers D. longer rivers
2. of the two women is Mrs Brown.
A. The beautiful B. The more beautiful C. More beautiful D. The most beautiful
3. He jumps of the three. A. far B. further C. farthest D. farther
4. My hair is longer than . A. my sister B. Kate C. my brother’s D. Lucys’
C
B
C
C
5. There is______ paper here .Please bring some.
A. little B. less C. fewer D. a little
6. The pen is ______ than that one.
A. more cheap B. cheap C. much cheaper D. quite cheaper
7.Tom speaks Chinese ______ better than Jimmy.
A. more B. very C. a lot of D. much
8.There are girls in Class Two than in Class Four.
A. more B. nicest C. most D. best
9.It’s too for you to do that. A. easy B. more dangerous C. harder D. the easiest
10.Who has apples now, Jim, Lily or Lucy A. much B. biggest C. better D. the most
A
C
D
A
A
D
重点语法
*Comparative and superlative adjectives/adverbs
*Using to-infinitives
*Giving instructions
*Verbs and sentence structures
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句
子中不能作谓语。
结构： to+动词原形(有时可以不带to)
否定：not to+动词原形
The girl decided to do it herself.
My teacher told me not to talk in the class.
什么是动词不定式？
动词不定式的用法
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语，但不可以作谓语。
动词不定式的用法
1.It’s important to learn English well.
2.I want to get something to drink.
3.We stopped to have a rest.
4.The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children.
动词不定式作宾语
后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有很多，如
agree, begin(start), decide, hope, learn, plan, prepare, want, forget , remember ,wish, would like等。
e.g. We hope to get there before dark.
我们希望天黑以前到那儿。
The girl decided to do it herself.
那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。
动词不定式作宾语补足语
1. 后面能接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help + sb. to do sth等。如：
I want both of you to go. 我要你们俩去。
We helped her (to) repair her bike. 我们帮助她修理自行车。
*不带to的不定式。
一感( feel),
二听(listen to, hear ),
三使让(let, have, make)
四看( see, watch, notice, look )
半帮助(help) + do sth
即用不带to的不定式作宾补。
如： I saw him come in.
我看见他进来了。
The dog makes us laugh.
1.They are preparing ________(have) a sports meeting.
2.It’s easy _______(play) softball.
3. What made you_____ (feel) sad
4. We will try our best ________(read) more books.
to have
to play
feel
to read
5. Are you ready_________(drive) me home
to drive
练一练
1. —There is nobody here. Let’s play football.
—No, we can’t. My father often tells me ____ in the street. It’s dangerous.
to play B. don’t play C. not to play
2. “Super Girl” is hot now, but many parents don’t ____ their children to take part in it.
teach B. let C. want
练一练
3. Children also need time ____.
A. play B. to play C. plays
重点语法
*Comparative and superlative adjectives/adverbs
*Using to-infinitives
*Giving instructions
*Verbs and sentence structures
什么是祈使句
定义
　　用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此在也常称为命令句。
Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。
如: Sit down. 坐下。 　　
有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省
如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。
否定形式：在句首加do not (don’t)
如: Don’t shout here.　　
2. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成成分)。
如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!
Be quiet!安静
否定形式：在句首加do not (don’t)
如: Don’t be late for school.
　　
3. Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分) 。
如: Let me help you. 让我来帮你。
Let’s go to the park.
否定形式：
①句首加don’t
如: Don’t let him go.
② Let + 宾语 +not 动词原形 + 其它成分
如: Let him not go.
4. 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。
如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!
No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!
No photos!禁止拍照！
1. ____ up early tomorrow, or you can’t catch the train.
A. Getting B. Get
C. To get D. Got
2. _____ in the street. It’s dangerous.
A. Not play B. Not to play
C. Don’t play D. Don’t to play
3. The film is about to begin. Please ______ seated.
A. be B. are
C. is D. being
14. _____ the boxes. You may use them later.
A. Keep B. Keeping
C. To keep D. Kept
练一练
重点语法
*Comparative and superlative adjectives/adverbs
*Using to-infinitives
*Giving instructions
*Verbs and sentence structures
Three kinds of verbs:
intransitive verbs (vi.不及物动词)
transitive verbs (vt.及物动词)
linking verbs （连系动词）
Bees and butterflies ____.
Quiet streams _____.
Brown leaves ______.
The temperature _____.
People ______ flowers.
Children ___ ice cream.
Farmers _______ crops.
Children _____ snowmen.
Verbs
An intransitive verb (vi.不及物动词) can’t take a direct object(宾语).
A transitive verb
(vt.及物动词) can take a direct object.
play
smile
dance
drops
enjoy
eat
harvest
make
Spring __a warm season.
Ice cream _____ delicious.
Autumn leaves ____ brown.
The world _____ white and beautiful.
linking verb（连系动词）
+ adj. / n. / a noun phrase
More linking verbs:
be /look sound taste smell feel
seem / keep stay / become get turn grow
is
tastes
turn
looks
Verbs
In spring, people often plant trees.
leaves turn green.
In summer, people feel very hot.
children often swim in rivers.
In autumn, Chinese often celebrate a festival.
people eat moon cakes on that day.
In winter, people wear warm clothes.
animals hide in their homes to sleep.
vt.
linking v.
vi.
vt.
vt.
vt.
vi.
linking v.
Verbs
vt. vi. linking verb
Subject
Verb
Object
Direct Object
Indirect Object
Predicative
Object Complement
S
V
O
DO
IO
P
OC
Parts of a sentence
主语
谓语（动词）
宾语
直接宾语
间接宾语
表语
宾语补足语
Five kinds of sentence structures
The temperature drops.
Subject
(S)
Verb
(V)
1. S + V 　　　　　
The snow is falling.
Five kinds of sentence structures
Farmers harvest crops.
Subject
(S)
Verb
(V)
2. S + V + O
Object
(O)
People wear more clothes.
Five kinds of sentence structures
Autumn leaves turn brown.
Subject
(S)
Verb
(V)
3. S + V + P
Predicative
（表语）
(P)
People feel cool.
linking v.
Five kinds of sentence structures
1. We have four seasons.
2. They are quite different.
3. Spring is warm and sunny.
4. We fly kites.
5. We like summer.
6. Ice cream tastes nice.
7. Autumn arrives.
8. Snow falls.
S+V+P
S+V+O
S+V+O
S+V+P
S+V
S+V
S+V+O
S+V+P
S
V
O
Five kinds of sentence structures
I gave my son a book.
Subject
(S)
Verb
(V)
4. S + V + IO + DO
Indirect Object
(IO) sb.
Direct Object
(DO) sth.
I gave a book to my son.
Tip: Verbs can be used with to
give hand offer read send take
tell lend pass post sell show write
Double Objects
Five kinds of sentence structures
My son made me a paper fan.
Subject
(S)
Verb
(V)
4. S + V + IO + DO
Indirect Object
(IO) sb.
Direct Object
(DO) sth.
My son made a paper fan for me.
Tip: Verbs can be used with for
build buy cook find get
leave make order pick save
Five kinds of sentence structures
He found the book interesting.
Subject
(S)
Verb
(V)
5. S + V + DO + OC
Direct Object
(DO)
Object Complement
（宾语补足语）
(OC)
An object complement describes the object.
Five kinds of sentence structures
My son made me a paper fan
with colour paper at home this summer.
Subject
(s)
Verb
(v)
how
where
Tip: We use an adverbial to show
when, where, or how sb. does sth.
when
Indirect Object
(IO) sb.
Direct Object
(DO) sth.
Adverbial (A)
Five kinds of sentence structures
1. I gave my son a book.
2. My son made me a paper fan.
3. He found the book very interesting.
4. I thought the paper fan very useful.
Double Objects
Object Complement
verb sb. sth
= verb sth. to/for sb.
Sb. – IO
Sth. – DO
Five kinds of sentence structures
I gave him a book.
He found it interesting.
4. He watched me build the tent.
2. I bought him cold drinks.
1. I call my son Little Tree.
3. I built him a tent.
5. He found me very tired.
6. He passed me some water.
DO
OC
+
IO
DO
+
IO
DO
+
DO
OC
+
DO
OC
+
IO
DO
+
DO
OC
+
IO
DO
+
Five kinds of sentence structures
1. S + V
2. S + V + O
3. S + V + P
4. S + V + IO + DO
5. S + V + DO + OC
Five sentence structures
linking v.
Double Objects
sb.
sth.
one object
2. He found the book very boring.
1. My mother bought me a pink dress yesterday.
3. The fish tastes delicious.
4. John calls his dog Eddie.
5. Alice gave her teacher some flowers this morning.
S+ V+ IO + DO+ A
S+ V+ DO + OC
S+ V+ P
S+ V+ DO + OC
S+ V+ IO + DO+ A
Thank you for watching.

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