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04-2022年上海市高三英语一模真题专项训练之完形填空
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
2021虹口一模
Researchers have found that urban heat island effect made worse by sunbaked roads can be relieved by a simple measure: Paint the streets gray.
A study by Arizona State University found that _____41_____ a reflective, gray-colored material to black asphalt(柏油) resulted in a 10.5-to-12-degree Fahrenheit drop in average road surface temperatures. Meanwhile, sunrise temperatures _____42_____ an average 2.4-degree drop.
“This is exactly what we were hoping for,” Phoenix Mayor Kate Gallego said. “It’s exciting to see a technology that has the potential to meet the demands of a growing desert city in a world where temperatures are _____43_____ rising.”
Experts say road temperatures in the Phoenix area can rise to 180 degrees on a hot day. That _____44_____ energy remains in paved surfaces for hours, radiating heat back into nighttime air. Higher overnight temperatures result in warmer mornings, creating a _____45_____ of urban heat island effect.
Researchers found as well that the greatest temperature _____46_____ was near the road surface, with less dramatic results 6 feet above the ground. Even so, the neighborhoods with streets reflecting light experienced air temperatures 0.3-to-0.5 degree cooler compared with neighborhoods with _____47_____ roads.
But reflective pavements don’t affect all surfaces the same way. Researchers said that “the most meaningful measurement” was of radiant temperatures, a measure of how the body _____48_____ heat. Those measurements showed that the “human experience of heat _____49_____ at noon and the afternoon hours was higher due to surface reflectivity.” It’s been noted that the increase in _____50_____ temperatures “may be a necessary trade-off(妥协) to reduce surface temperatures using a reflective surface.”
Heather Murphy, a spokesperson for the Transportation Department, said the response has been _____51_____from drivers and residents in neighborhoods where the material is applied. “We have had some people who don’t like the look of it, but generally the response has been very _____52_____ ”.
Still, officials cautioned that reflective pavement is not a remedy for the urban heat island effect.
“If you’re standing over these surfaces on a hot day, _____53_____ , you’re still going to be hot if you’re not in the shade,” said Jennifer Vanos, an assistant professor at Arizona State University. “So if we really want to _____54_____ true solutions, it’s not going to be just painting all the streets gray.”
A second phase of the study will examine questions about how the material performs under different _____55_____ , including changes in reflectivity, degradation and subsurface temperature over longer periods.
41. A. applying B. sticking C. approaching D. contributing
42. A. occurred B. proved C. turned D. saw
43. A. efficiently B. constantly C. technically D. specifically
44. A. generated B. heated C. absorbed D. calculated
45. A. cycle B. decline C. sample D. variety
46. A. balance B. control C. difference D. equality
47. A. gray-painted B. light-colored C. black-topped D. dry-surfaced
48. A. reflects B. transmits C. resists D. experiences
49. A. extent B. exposure C. absorption D. endurance
50. A. felt B. heated C. stored D. needed
51. A. instant B. all-sided C. objective D. mixed
52. A. optimistic B. positive C. pessimistic D. obvious
53. A. in fact B. as a result C. on the other hand D. for one thing
54. A. put down B. hold up C. push toward D. take back
55. A. variations B. conditions C. circulations D. investigations
答案
41-45 ADBCA 46-50 CCDBA 51-55 DBACB
2021宝山一模
While people who are both trustworthy and capable are the most sought after when it comes to team assembly, friendliness and trustworthiness are often more important factors than ability.
“We assume that people are _____41_____ for important task forces and teams because of the knowledge, skills and abilities they bring to the table. However, this research suggests that people may often get picked because team members feel _____42_____ with them,” said Cynthia Maupin, assistant professor of organizational behavior and leadership in Binghamton University’s School of Management. “People may be willing to _____43_____ a bit in terms of performance in order to have a really positive team experience.”
Maupin and her colleagues focused on a group of MBA students to conduct their study. Students were _____44_____ assigned to teams at the beginning of the semester to work on class projects and assignments. Toward the end of the semester, students were asked to form their own teams and _____45_____ why they selected each member of their group.
“We wanted to find out what people did to _____46_____ to others that they might be someone who would be good to team up with in the future,” Maupin said.
The researchers _____47_____ looked at how students signaled their human capital, the ability to do their tasks well, and their social capital, the 48 to which they were friendly and trustworthy, to other students by studying their use of either challenging or supportive voice:
Challenging voice: Communicating in a way that challenges the present circumstances and is _____ 49_____ new ideas and efficiency.
Supportive voice: Communicating in a way that _____50_____ social ties and trust, and builds friendly unity of a team.
The researchers found that people who _____51_____ both abilities, through the use of challenging voice, and trustworthiness, through the use of supportive voice, were the most in-demand people when it came to _____52_____ teams.
“As might be expected, anyone who was very strong in terms of signaling both their human and social capital were extremely sought after. They’re doing all the right things to _____53_____ that they’re both trustworthy and a good worker,” Maupin said.
However, the researchers found that students who only exhibited social capital through _____54_____ voice were more sought after than those who only signaled their ability through the use of challenging voice.
“Our findings suggest that when people feel like they can trust you, even if you’re not _____55_____ the best worker, they’re going to be more likely to want to work with you,” Maupin said. “They know that there are likely to be fewer interpersonal issues in that case.”
41. A. qualified B. selected C. examined D. accounted
42. A. dissatisfied B. favourite C. permanent D. comfortable
43. A. sacrifice B. exchange C. prohibit D. contribute
44. A. deliberately B. originally C. randomly D. neglect
46. A. signal B. contribute C. devote D. purposefully
45. A. bargain B. assess C. negotiate D. manage
47. A. indefinitely B. frequently C. considerably D. specifically
48. A. occasion B. mission C. degree D. opinion
49. A. engaged in B. focused on C. gotten across D. taken off
50. A. adjusts B. decreases C. monitors D. strengthens
51. A. exhibited B. developed C. evaluated D. concealed
52. A. separating B. dominating C. assembling D. maintaining
53. A. establish B. resolve C. analyze D. estimate
54. A. challenging B. moderate C. healthful D. supportive
55. A. doubtfully B. necessarily C. questionably D. fortunately
答案
41—45 BDACB 46—50 ADCBD 51—55 ACADB
2021崇明一模
We all know the dangers of a diet that’s high in fat. But a new study from researchers at the Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) in Japan has now found having a fat-heavy diet can also _____41_____ hair loss.
In the average healthy adult, the hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) (毛囊干细胞) _____42_____ why it becomes longer. As with most things in the human body, though, aging doesn’t do the HSFCs any_____43_____. As you get older, the stem cells lose their ability to reproduce as _____44_____ as they once did, leaving the hair to thin and/or fall out.
In the study carried out by TMDU’s department of stem cell biology, mice that had been given a high-fat diet (HFD) were more subject to inflammatory (炎症的) responses in the body which, _____45_____, blocked follicle regeneration, leading to hair loss. What was surprising was that the _____46_____ in the hair follicles could happen in as little as four days spent on a high-fat diet and that the problem seemed to be worse in older mice.
“High-fat diet feeding makes hair _____47_____ faster by reducing HFSCs, especially in old mice,” explains Hironobu Morinaga, the study’s lead author. “We compared the gene expression in HFSCs between HFD-fed mice and standard diet-fed mice and _____48_____ the fate of those HFSCs after their activation.”
It’s not just the _____49_____ content of your food that can damage your hair as what you consume can really affect how your hair grows and even whether men will keep it, as Dr Alia Ahmed, who specializes in the study of skin, explains. _____50_____ shortages are often the root cause of many hair problems, adds Dr Ahmed. “Iron, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, etc. — there are so many nutrients involved in hair _____51_____,” she says. “It’s not just genetics.”
If you’ve got a sweet tooth, for example, you may need to think about _____52_____ the sweet food. Not only is sugar bad for your hair, but it can cause your blood sugar levels to rise dramatically, which, in men, can raise the levels of the hormone androgen (雄性激素), leading to follicle _____53_____ and potential hair loss.
But don’t make the _____54_____ of substituting sugar for artificial sweeteners. Take diet drinks that replace processed sugar with artificial sweeteners like aspartame, for instance. In their analysis of aspartame, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has listed hair thinning and hair loss as one of the main side effects of _____55_____ of aspartame.
41. A. fit in with B. make up for C. cope with D. speed up
42. A. cure B. renew C. identify D. protect
43. A. harm B. favours C. justice D. corrections
44. A. efficiently B. constructively C. generously D. fundamentally
45. A. in turn B. by contrast C. for instance D. as usual
46. A. participating B. persevering C. worsening D. documenting
47. A. dying B. growing C. cleaning D. thinning
48. A. altered B. traced C. suspected D. stimulated
49. A. protein B. vitamin C. sugar D. fat
50. A. Sleep B. Water C. Nutritional D. Widespread
51. A. products B. samples C. disorders D. cells
52. A. putting down B. messing up C. figuring out D. turning over
53. A. recreation B. damage C. replacement D. disappearance
54. A. use B. prospect C. difference D. mistake
55. A. disrespect B. undervaluation C. overconsumption D. misunderstanding
答案
41. D 42. B 43. B 44. A 45. A 46. C 47. D 48. B 49. D 50. C
51. C 52. A 53. B 54. D 55. C
2021黄浦一模
This era of “Industry 4.0” is being driven by the same technological advances that enable the capabilities of the smartphones in our pockets. It is a mix of low-cost and high-power computers, high-speed communication and artificial intelligence. This will produce smarter robots with better sensing and communication abilities that can ____41____ different tasks, and even adjust their work to meet demand without the input of humans.
In the manufacturing industry, where robots have arguably made the most headway of any division, this will mean a(n) ____42____ shift from centralized to decentralized cooperative production. ____43____ robots focused on single, fixed, high-speed operations and required a highly skilled human workforce to operate and maintain them. Industry 4.0 machines are flexible, cooperative and can operate more independently, which ____44____ removes the need for a highly skilled workforce.
For large-scale manufacturers, Industry 4.0 means their robots will be able to sense their environment and communicate in an industrial network that can be run and ____45____ remotely. Each machine will produce large amounts of data that can be ____46____ studied using what is known as “big data” analysis. This will help ____47____ ways to improve operating performance and production quality across the whole plant, for example by better predicting when repairing is needed and automatically ____48____ it.
For ____49____ manufacturing businesses, Industry 4.0 will make it cheaper and easier to use robots. It will create machines that can be rearranged to perform ____50____ jobs and adjusted to work on a more diverse product range and different production volumes. This part is already beginning to benefit from robots designed to cooperate with human workers and analyse their own work to look for ____51____.
While these machines are getting smarter, they are still not as smart as us. Today’s industrial artificial intelligence operates at a ____52____ level, which gives the appearance of human intelligence exhibited by machines, but designed by humans.
What’s coming next is known as “deep learning”. Similar to big data analysis, it involves processing large quantities of data in real time to ____53____ what is the best action to take. The ____54____ is that the machine learns from the data so it can improve its decision making. A perfect example of deep learning was ____55____ by Google’s AlphaGo software, which taught itself to beat the world’s greatest Go players.
41. A. compare with B. adapt to C. pick out D. hold on
42. A. extensive B. accidental C. convenient D. dramatic
43. A. Traditional B. Removable C. Fashionable D. Potential
44. A. temporarily B. thoroughly C. eventually D. initially
45. A. arranged B. evaluated C. monitored D. composed
46. A. gradually B. collectively C. similarly D. approximately
47. A. identify B. reserve C. exploit D. indicate
48. A. dominating B. imposing C. eliminating D. scheduling
49. A. high-speed B. mass-produced C. small-to-medium D. multi-cultural
50. A. multiple B. feasible C. profitable D. independent
51. A. promotions B. improvements C. highlights D. resolutions
52. A. separate B. peculiar C. narrow D. mysterious
53. A. come up with B. account for
C. give way to D. make decisions about
54. A. difference B. commission C. phenomenon D. expectation
55. A. introduced B. described C. prepared D. demonstrated
答案
41. B 42. D 43. A 44. C 45. C 46. B 47. A 48. D 49. C 50. A
51. B 52. C 53. D 54. A 55. D
2021嘉定一模
With a hybrid (混合的) approach to work, the importance of being physically present in a centralized office is greatly reduced, allowing for far more flexible work schedules among employees. In most cases, this means some employees working on-site in the office, some employees working off-site—either from (41)________ or remotely from another location—and some employees who have the flexibility to switch between the office and working remotely, (42)________ tasks, deadlines, and personal needs.
When businesses adopt hybrid work models, which rely heavily on a remote-first approach, the entire concept of location is (43)________. By connecting to the workplace using cloud solutions, video conferencing technology, and similar tools, employees do not need to be (44) ________ present in the workplace in order to do their job—although they can be if they prefer to be, or for situations where (45)________ communication is better suited.
This can offer a number of benefits for both employees and employers. (46)________, on days when bad weather might prevent people from getting into the office, they are still able to work from home. Similarly, if major events make it necessary to (47)________ the workplace—as was the case with the COVID-19 pandemic—there will be (48)________ disturbance to operations.
Moreover, the removal of geographical barriers can be extremely advantageous in terms of (49)________, allowing employers to gain access to a wider talent pool, making it easier to find qualified candidates and build a more diverse and inclusive workforce. With (50)________ work arrangements now among the top benefits sought after by job seekers, companies employing the hybrid model are better positioned to (51)________ top candidates.
Another major benefit associated with flexible work schedules and the hybrid work model is the ability to make a business more (52)________. This is important because research suggests that employees are more likely to take a job and stay in a job with companies that have a strong environmental agenda. (53)________, 64 percent of young people say they would not take a job with a company that did not have a promise of social responsibility.
The most significant environmental impact made by the hybrid work model is the largely reduced amount of (54)________ among employees. The effects of this are especially significant when there’s a long distance between home and work, which requires employees to use their own cars. Fewer people coming into the office is also likely to reduce the carbon footprint associated with the office itself. All of this can combine to help improve a company’s green certificate and aid in positioning the organization as a (55)________ company in the eyes of job seekers and customers.
41. A. office B. enterprise C. home D. department
42. A. succeeding in B. depending on C. taking on D. setting aside
43. A. developed B. removed C. defined D. grasped
44. A. physically B. visually C. instantly D. properly
45. A. business B. regular C. effective D. face-to-face
46. A. In brief B. Above all C. For instance D. In particular
47. A. avoid B. clean C. attend D. reserve
48. A. considerable B. continuous C. unnecessary D. minimal
49. A. judgement B. enrollment C. procedure D. management
50. A. formal B. wise C. flexible D. complex
51. A. compete for B. put up C. vote for D. comb out
52. A. fast-growing B. profitable C. competitive D. sustainable
53. A. Psychologically B. Originally C. Eventually D. Additionally
54. A. work B. travel C. research D. cooperation
55. A. multi-national B. world-famous C. forward-thinking D. peace-loving
答案
41-45 CBBAD 46-50 CADBC 51-55 ADDBC
2021静安一模
Most of us have no difficulty recognizing luck when it’s on apparent display, as when someone wins the lottery. But ____41____ often plays out in delicate ways and it’s easy to construct narratives that portray success as out of everything but luck. These misleading stories have surprising implications for human mindset, downplaying the power of chances.
Consider the history of the Mona Lisa. After having stayed in the ____42____ for most of its early existence, the painting was pushed into the spotlight in 1911 when it was stolen from Louvre. The famous theft remained ____43____ for two years until a maintenance worker was arrested after trying to sell the painting. His arrest caused a second wave of ____44____, with the painting on everyone’s lips. As in the art world, it is so too in the world of work. Almost every career path consists of a sequence of steps, each of which depends on former ones. Inevitably, some of those ____45____ steps can be influenced by chance factors, which, as a result, are sure to affect the following process. So it is reasonable to conclude that ____46____ all successful careers involve at least a certain degree of luck.
One’s date of birth ____47____, for example. According to a study, most children born in the summer tend to be among the youngest members of their class, which explains why they are less likely to hold ____48____ positions during high school and thus, less likely to land good jobs later in life.
To acknowledge the power of chance events is not to suggest that success is independent of ____49____. Charlie Munger has said, “The safest way to get what you want is to ____50____ what you want.”
Of course, luck counts too. Being born in a good education system is a kind of luck we can control — that is, at least we can decide how lucky our children will be. But in America, we’ve been doing a bad job as the budget for education has ____51____. The human tendency to ____52____ luck’s role has caused this troubling state by unwillingness to invest in education, the strong system of which can produce ____53____ for the next generation.
Luckily, there is a solution. Guiding people to ____54____ their good fortune tends to make them more willing to contribute to the ____55____, according to a study. So try to engage your successful friends in reviews about their experiences with luck. In the process, the next generation’s odds of success may well increase and meanwhile, all the social members are more likely to enjoy the improved public service.
41. A randomness B. potential C. masterpiece D. success
42. A. emergency B. maintenance C. review D. shade
43. A. accidental B. unsolved C. official D. objective
44. A, protest B. suspicion C. publicity D. investigation
45. A. previous B. negative C. realistic D. entire
46. A. virtually B. sustainably C. adequately D. negatively
47. A. occurs B. contracts C. matters D. approaches
48. A. accessible B. original C. superior D. secure
49. A. effort B. logic C. relationship D. investment
50. A. deserve B. evaluate C. modify D. exploit
51.A. shone B. shrunk C. ballooned D. flown
52. A. preserve B. popularize C. underestimate D. revolutionize
53. A. challenge B. luck C. motivation D. experience
54. A. reflect on B. save on C. adjust to D. live on
55.A. mutual understanding B. mental fitness
C. family value D. common good
答案
41-45 ADBCA 46-50 ACCAA 51-55 BCBAD
2021闵行一模
Trying to make a big decision while you’re also preparing for a scary presentation You might want to ____41____ doing that. Most people prefer to have sufficient time to analyze a situation and consider the ____42____ . Feeling stressed changes how people ____43____ risk and reward. A new article published in Current Directions in Psychological Science reviews how, under stress, people pay more attention to the ____44____ of a possible outcome. Pressure can result in ____45____ attention and the use of unconscious reasoning. It can force a decision-maker to sort the relevant factors from the irrelevant, and can ____46____ clear thinking with specific priorities.
It’s a bit ____47____ that stress makes people focus on the way things could go right, says Mara Mather of the University of Southern California. “This is sort of not what people would think,” Mather says, “Stress is usually associated with disagreeable experiences, so you’d think that maybe I’m going to be more focused on the ____48____ outcomes.” But researchers have found that when people are under stress — by being told to hold their hand in ice water for a few minutes, for example, or give a speech — they start paying more attention to positive information and ____49____ negative information. “Stress seems to worsen their learning from negative feedback,” Mather says. This means when people under stress are making a difficult decision, they may pay more attention to the upsides of the alternatives they’re considering and less to the downsides. So someone who’s deciding whether to take a new job and is feeling stressed by the ____50____ might weigh the increase in salary more heavily than the worse commute (通勤)。
The increased focus on the positive also helps explain why stress plays a role in ____51____, and people under stress have a harder time controlling their urges. “The compulsion to get the reward comes stronger and they’re less able to ____52____ it,” Mather says. So a person who’s under stress might think only about the good feelings they’ll get from negative things like a drug, while the ____53____ shrink to the distance.
Stress also ____54____ the differences in how men and women think about risk. When men are under stress, they become even more ____55____ to take risks; when women are stressed, they get more conservative. Mather links this to another research that finds, at difficult times, men tend to face the situation, while women are likely to be more conservative.
41.A. try B. delay C. deny D. forbid
42.A. requirements B. reasons C. chances D. alternatives
43.A. weigh B. overlook C. confuse D. classify
44.A. imperfection B. risk C. advantage D. uncertainty
45.A. conflicted B. focused C. unexpected D. separated
46.A. break off B. hold up C. account for D. bring out
47.A. surprising B. fortunate C. reasonable D. pleasant
48.A. conscious B. immediate C. negative D. favorable
49.A. neglecting B. enhancing C. analyzing D. evaluating
50.A. position B. decision C. qualification D. schedule
51.A. judgement B. progress C. relationship D. addiction
52.A. value B. adopt C. resist D. maintain
53.A. downsides B. desires C. defeats D. benefits
54.A. declines B. increases C. eliminates D. worsens
55.A. reliable B. reluctant C. qualified D. willing
答案
41. B 42. D 43. A 44. C 45. B 46. D 47. A 48. C 49. A 50. B
51. D 52. C 53. A 54. B 55. D
2021浦东一模
The word “adolescence” literally means “growing up” (from the Latin adolescere). (41)________, it describes a distinct stage between childhood and adulthood, but in practice often simply defines the “teenage” years. In most Western societies, the idea of adolescence was not (42)________ until the 20th century; childhood ended and adulthood began at a certain age—typically at 18.
G. Stanley Hall, a psychologist and educator, in his 1904 book Adolescence, was the first to explore the (43)________. Hall was influenced by Darwin’s theory of evolution, perceiving that all childhoods, especially with regard to behavior and early physical development, reflect the course of (44)________change, and that we each develop in accordance with our “ancestral record”.
One key influence on Hall was the 18th-century “Sturm und Drang” (Storm and Stress) movement of German writers and musicians, which promoted total freedom of expression. Hall (45)________adolescence as “Sturm und Drang”; he considered it a stage of emotional disturbance and rebellion, with behavior ranging from quiet moodiness to wild (46)________. He stated that adolescents “are eager for strong feelings and new sensations, while routine and detail are (47)________”. Awareness of self and the environment greatly increases; everything is more (48)________felt, and sensation is pursued for its own sake.
Many of Hall’s findings are (49)_________in research today. Hall believed that adolescents are highly affected by depression and described a “curve of despondency(消沉)” that starts at the age of 11, (50)________at 15, then falls steadily until the age of 23. Modern research acknowledges a similar pattern. The causes of depression that Hall (51)________are surprisingly familiar: suspicion of being disliked and having seemingly insuperable character faults, and “the (52)________of hopeless love”. He believed the self-consciousness of adolescence leads to criticizing self and others. This view mirrors later studies, which argue that teenagers’ advanced (53)________skills allow them to “read between the lines”, while also intensifying their sensitivity to situations. Even Hall’s claim that criminal activity is more common in the teenage years, reaching the top around 18, still (54)________.
However, Hall was not totally negative about adolescence. “Adolescence is a new (55)________,” as he wrote in Youth: Its Education, Regiment, and Hygiene, “for the higher and more completely human qualities are now born.”
41. A. In theory B. In essence C. In contrast D. In general
42. A. exchanged B. recognized C. imposed D. transformed
43. A. difference B. world C. possibility D. subject
44. A. evolutionary B. consequential C. minimal D. structural
45. A. employed B. interpreted C. treated D. classified
46. A. decision-making B. problem-solving C. risk-taking D. example-following
47. A. inexhaustible B. intolerable C. inadequate D. instinctive
48. A. keenly B. hesitantly C. slightly D. oddly
49. A. published B. revised C. summarized D. echoed
50. A. bounces B. jumps C. swings D. peaks
51. A. promoted B. eliminated C. identified D. determined
52. A. lack B. fancy C. claim D. power
53. A. reasoning B. coping C. social D. verbal
54.A. sounds one-sided B. holds true C. remains unknown D. stands out
55. A. trend B. outlet C. birth D. model
答案
41~45ABDAB. 46~50 CBADD 51~55CBAB
2021普陀一模
Imagine sitting inside a windowless train that’s shooting through a tube at twice the speed of an airplane. Your train has no wheels, produces no _____41_____ , makes its own electricity, and isn’t affected by bad weather. This is the hyperloop, a new vision for the world's_____42_____, safest, and greenest form of transportation. Many have _____43_____ this new technology, but others say the hyper loop vision is just a bunch of hot air.
Hyperloop developers plan to use the properties of magnets to float, stabilize, and drive the capsules or pods for hundreds of mites through _____44_____ tubes. Without air or ground to slow down the vehicles, what was once a five-hour journey would become a half-hour excursion, engineers promise.
Supporters of the technology promote additional _____45_____ of transporting passengers and cargo by hyperloop. For example, they firmly state that unlike other city-to-city transport that's _____46_____, such as planes or trains, hyperloop vehicles would leave as needed, like Ubers and taxis. While the _____47_____ would hold only 28 to 50 passengers each, developers plan for them to depart stations in groups every minute or so which they say could amount to shuttling 50,000 people an hour. That’s more than twice the passenger _____48_____ of the world's fastest trains.
Developers also say that hyperloop tubes would be _____49_____ so they wouldn't interfere with other traffic or threaten wildlife. And tubes would be covered with solar panels to power the hyperloop's systems. _____50_____, advocates regard the hyperloop as the transportation choice for the future.
But not everyone is on board. Engineers have calculated that the high-speed vehicles will need to make much wider turns than currently envisioned, and otherwise they won’t be _____51_____ for passengers. This would add several miles to the proposed tube tracks, Engineers also say planners haven't included enough time for vehicles to safely brake and take off at stations. Some engineers believe it will take much longer than claimed to pump the _____52_____ out of the tubes before each vehicle’s departure. Critics thus say hyperloops can't go as fast or serve as many passengers per hour as advertised, making them _____53_____ existing high-speed transportation options.
Hyperloop companies say they're _____54_____ these concerns. They claim that they can safely maintain high speeds by having the vehicles bank around the turns as a plane does. And their hyperloops will rely on the split-second reaction times of a computer to _____55_____ vehicles quickly, frequently, and safely.
41.A. pollution B. sound C. energy D. wind
42.A. cleanest B. lightest C. latest D. fastest
43. adapted B. explored C. embraced D. developed
44. totally hollow B. nearly airless C. steadily narrow D. highly flexible
45. advantages B. costs C. qualities D. situations
46.A. in constant demands B. on strict timetables
C. in changeable D. on essential services
47.A. cabins B. lorries C. tubes D. vehicles
48.A. fare B. capacity C. speed D. comfort
49.A. underground B. parallel C. elevated D. shared
50.A. However B. Therefore C. Beside D. Otherwise
51. A. available B. economic C. easy D. safe
52. A. force B. air C. heat D. water
53. most popular of B. superior to C. no better than D. least profitable
54. addressing B. causing C. voicing D. releasing
55. ride B. pilot C. park D. alert
答案
41-55 ADCBA BDBCB DBCAB
2021青浦一模
Last year Miranda Lim found that taking care of three young children homebound by the pandemic meant she often had to work late into the evening to stay on top of her job. Concerned that the ____41____ hours were having a bad effect on her sleep, Lim started tracking her sleep time with an app on her mobile phone. She wasn’t quite ____42____ the results. “I saw my bedtime was ____43____ anywhere between 9 p.m. and 3 a.m.,” she says. “I was just horrified.” As a result, she immediately set up a daily alarm — not for waking up, but for ____44____ to bed at a reasonable hour.
It’s ____45____ why Lim would be a bit of an alarmist when threatened with a lack of a constant night’s sleep. As a sleep disorders physician at the VA Portland Health Care System, Lim is at the forefront of a global team of medical researchers who have in recent years been ____46____ the ways in which even moderate sleep shortage in middle age strongly link to Alzheimer’s disease later in life. She says, “Our big discovery was that the lack of sleep involves brain processes that may ____47____ into the disease.”
The finding that getting more and better sleep could offer the best, and ____48____ only, way to significantly reduce the risks of neuro-degeneration (神经退化) in older age is likely to further ____49____ an already hot sleep industry. Market research firm Infinium Global Research puts the current worldwide market for sleep ____50____ — including drugs, special bedding, and health care services — at an estimated $80 billion–plus, and predicts it will ____51____ to $114 billion over the next five years. Research firm BCC has been projecting a similar growth rate. Now Tim O’Brien, who heads life sciences content at BCC, says he’s watching for “a sudden leap”.
That leap would be driven not only by consumer’s ____52____ pursuit of better sleep-related health, but also by a stream of new ____53____ and technologies that are emerging to help achieve it, from sleep drugs to implantable medical devices to smart pillows. Fitbit’s companion app offers a range of insights and exercises aimed at ____54____ sleep, including sleep “scores” that break down different aspects of sleep, recommendations for when to get to bed and when to wake up, deep breathing and mindfulness exercises, and more. In addition, a big push into the market is being made by ____55____ a number of sleep-tracking and sleep-promoting features into the latest version of its “Nest Hub” smart speaker-and-screen device.
Nevertheless, some experts think the tech can help with slight pushes, but people still have to develop the healthy habits.
41. A. uncertain B. flexible C. extended D. fixed
42. A. interested in B. amazed at C. replaced with D. prepared for
43. A. flying B. bouncing C. flashing D. ringing
44. A. heading off B. paying off C. putting off D. giving off
45. A. sensible B. natural C. understandable D. surprising
46. A. cutting down B. comparing with C. thinking about D. figuring out
47.A. transform B. develop C. explore D. innovate
48.A. ultimately B. seemingly C. possibly D. slightly
49. A. fuel B. urge C. peak D. sue
50. A. layers B. trends C. aids D. tribes
51.A. appeal B. climb C. resort D. flow
52.A. demanding B. intensifying C. foreseeing D. existing
53. A. therapies B. options C. experiments D. schedules
54. A. monitoring B. affecting C. hanging D. boosting
55. A. packing B. removing C. contrasting D. mixing
答案
41-55 CDBAC DBCAC BBADA
2021松江一模
Health Care Workers Getting Panic Buttons
Hundreds of health care workers at Cox Medical Center in Missouri will soon be equipped with personal panic buttons, following over a year of increased violence against staff members. The pandemic (流行病), the medical center said, has greatly 41________ the rise of the number of attacks and the very device comes at the right time to the rescue.
A medical worker, once experiencing an attack, can press the button attached to his working ID card to activate a personal 42________ system and warn the security department—an instant pop-up 43________ will appear on hospital computers, showing the worker’s exact location.
The panic buttons are being 44________ among scores of staff members working in “high-risk areas” of Cox Medical Center. The hospital promises, if there are positive results, to 45________ the program to hundreds of employees. And the system is expected to be 46________ at the end of the year.
Those buttons are 47________ backed by the Skaggs Foundation, a charity in Missouri, which has offered the hospital a big grant. “This project helps maintain our No. 1 resource—our health care workers, the number of whom has 48________so much,” Nita Jane Ayres, Chairman of the foundation, said.
Alan Butler, Cox Health’s system director, agreed the buttons were a(n) 49________ tool in the battle to keep the staff safe. The entire number of attacks on staff by patients has risen from 40 in 2019 to 123 in 2020, and total injuries rocketed from 17 to 78.
50________, even those numbers scarcely paint the full picture. Angie Smith, the medical center’s patient safety facilitator, said that many workplace violence events went 51________ because “staff don’t feel like they will be supported or don’t feel like they will be able to do anything about it.” “The 52________ parts of being in health care now are not only being able to give excellent care to your patients”, she said, “but also feeling 53________ yourself as their caregiver.”
54________, workplace violence in medical centers deserved our attention even before the pandemic. A survey of thousands of emergency physicians found that nearly half of the participants had undergone attacks while working, and roughly ninety-seven percent of those were 55________ by patients.
41. A. covered up B. contributed to C. developed with D. got through
42. A. medical B. emotional C. tracing D. facilitating
43. A. blocker B. menu C. command D. alert
44. A. designed B. tested C. questioned D. stored
45. A. assign B. explain C. hand D. expand
46. A. implemented B. analyzed C. eliminated D. restricted
47. A. conditionally B. financially C. psychologically D. theoretically
48. A. bounced B. advanced C. shrunk D. multiplied
49. A. predictable B. irreplaceable C. tricky D. timely
50. A. However B. Instead C. Hence D. Furthermore
51. A. overestimated B. underreported C. updated D. downloaded
52. A. confusing B. promising C. primary D. risky
53. A. selfless B. grateful C. qualified D. protected
54. A. Actually B. Consequently C. Naturally D. Eventually
55. A. prohibited B. cautioned C. committed D. overlooked
答案
41-55 B C D B D A B C D A B C D A C
2021徐汇一模
The Thai government intends to further deepen its digital cooperation with Chinese technology company Huawei, senior Thai officials said at a cloud event held in Bangkok this week.
During the Powering Digital Thailand 2022 on Nov 17-19, Thai deputy Prime Minister Prawit Wongsuwon said digital infrastructure (基础设施), such as5G, is crucial to Thailand’s (41) ________ and social development, especially for the country’s post-pandemic economic (42) ________.
Badly hit by the COVID-19 pandemic, the tourism-reliant nation registered an economic reduction of 6.1 percent last year, the worst in more than 20 years. However, the pandemic has significantly speeded the (43) ________ of digital technologies in Thailand, where Chinese tech companies have (44) ________ advantages.
During the pandemic, Huawei used its technology to help local hospitals implement systems for automated medical supply, AI-backed (45) ________ and remote treatment, which greatly improved the (46) ________ of hospitals and made healthcare more (47) ________.
Fueled by Thailand’s digital roadmap, Huawei has focused on helping the country build 20,000 5G stations in the past two years. (48) ________, Thailand has more than 4.2 million 5G subscribers leading in 5G adoption among ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) countries.
Another strength of Huawei has been its cloud capabilities. Deng Feng, general manager of Huawei Thailand, said Huawei Cloud is the only cloud service (49) ________ with local data centers in Thailand, considering that data localization is a key trend of global enterprises due to government regulations as well as security concerns.
He emphasized the Huawei will support Thailand’s low-carbon and digital development in the future in four areas, including expanding 5G coverage and usage, providing cloud services, creating low-carbon development with digital energy, and (50) ________ industry talents.
Thai Minister of Digital Economy and Society Chaiwut Thanakamanusorn expressed his hopes for (51) ________ cooperation between the Thai government and Huawei to (52) ________ the country’s digital economy, which is targeted to (53) ________ 30 percent of the GDP by 2030.
According to a joint report released by Google, Temasek and Bain & Company earlier this month Thailand’s digital economy is expected to (54) ________ $30 billion this year, up 51 percent, making it the second-largest market in Southeast Asia after Indonesia.
Huawei’s Rotating Chairman Guo Ping said the company will continue (55) ________ and building a tech ecosystem to facilitate faster digitalization in Asia-Pacific, and invest $100 million over the next three years to build a startup ecosystem in the region.
41. A. economic B. educational C. national D. industrial
42. A. crisis B. concerns C. tendency D. recovery
43. A. appreciation B. adoption C. industrialization D. significance
44. A. negative B. instructive C. competitive D. conclusive
45. A. discovery B. interview C. regulation D. diagnosis
46. A. efficiency B. localization C. construction D symbolization
47. A. sensible B. accessible C. feasible D. remarkable
48. A. Irrelevant B. Currently C. Respectively D. Fundamentally
49. A. instructor B. indicator C. provider D. adopter
50. A. discovering B. investing C. cultivating D. distinguishing
51. A. routine B. revolutionary C. reasonable D. comprehensive
52. A. facilitate B. propose C. integrate D. emphasize
53. A. appeal to B. account for C. add up D. strive to
54. A. sacrifice B. invest C. receive D. exceed
55. A. innovating B. qualifying C. purchasing D. postponing
答案
41-45 ADBCD 46-50 ABBCC 51-55 DABDA
2021杨浦一模
It is a tradition of corporate architecture. A company’s top executives get offices on the top floor with the biggest windows and best views. However, nowadays some bosses choose to “hot-desk”(轮用办公桌) with everyone else.
One argument for such a(n) (41)________ can be made. Staff morale(士气)would (42)________ if the employees are stuffed in open-plan offices while the executives occupy the spacious offices. When the executives sit alongside their teams, they will be more in touch with how projects are going and how staff are feeling. In theory, if the executives are (43)________, employees are more likely to approach them with problems.
But the bosses present all the time may (44)________ hurt morale. One of the joys of office life is the freedom to enjoy a bit of joking with colleagues. This may include the odd joke about the (45)________. In the presence of their boss, staff will be (46)________ in what they talk about and the tone of their comments. They may feel the need to sound serious at all times, for fear that the quality of their commitment to their work come into doubt. (47)________, the manager may be right behind them.
You also have to wonder whether executives will really spend every morning searching for a place to sit. Some hot desks will be a lot hotter than others. Once the chief financial officer has picked a desk on day one, the junior staff will (48)________ that particular spot on subsequent days. In contrast, anyone who works closely with a particular executive will be (49)________ to pick a desk close by.
The lingering(逗留不走的)boss presents other (50)________. Anyone who has worked in an open-plan office will acknowledge that other colleagues’ talking can make it hard to (51)________ at times. Managers may find themselves constantly being approached by team members with questions or problems for them to solve.
Many people resort to headphones to shut out the background noise and to (52)________ their unavailability. But if managers do that, they run the risk of seeming shut off from their colleagues.
One study found that at firms that (53)________ to open-plan design, face-to-face interactions fell by 70%. Like an animal caught on open ground without cover, many people do not like being constantly observed. In the (54)________ of a physical barrier, they create a fourth wall, (55)________ their desire for privacy by facial expressions or brief replies to questions.
41. A. image B. shift C. community D. assembly
42. A. spill B. surface C. suffer D. survive
43. A. reliable B. capable C. manageable D. visible
44. A. initially B. definitely C. officially D. equally
45. A. management B. development C. experiment D. department
46. A. unclear B. unwelcome C. uneasy D. unfortunate
47. A. At least B. After all C. In fact D. In short
48. A. steer clear of B. keep track of C. fall short of D. get rid of
49. A. reminded B. tempted C. assured D. warned
50. A. purposes B. promises C. protests D. problems
51. A. comment B. concentrate C. calculate D.communicate
52. A. signal B. conceal C. reverse D. avoid
53. A. subjected B. applied C. switched D. admitted
54. A. presence B. relevance C. absence D. preference
55. A. crediting B. interpreting C. substituting D. indicating
答案
41-55 B C D D A 46-50 C B A B D 51-55 B A C C D
2021长宁一模
Hugely ambitious in scope, The Lord of the Rings occupies an uncomfortable position in 20th century literature. This book of J.R.R.Tolkien’s poses a challenge to modern literature and its defenders. (Tolkien on his _____41_____: “Some who have read the book, or at any rate have reviewed it, have found it boring, ridiculous, or annoying; and I have no cause to complain, since I have similar opinions of their works, or of the kinds of writing that they evidently _____42_____.”) Yet The Lord of the Rings has enjoyed massive and enduring popularity. It would seem that Tolkien’s work supplied something that was _____43_____ among the formal innovations of 20th century fiction, something for which readers were hungry. But what was it, and why was it important
It seems that the key point lies in Tolkien’s wholehearted rejection of modernity and modernism. This is what so powerfully _____44_____ some readers, and just as powerfully drives away others. In his book J.R.R.Tolkien: Author of the Century, T.A. Shippey expands on this idea by arguing that Tolkien saw his story of Middle-earth not as fiction or invention, but as the _____45_____ of something genuine that had become buried beneath the fairy tale and nursery rhythm.
“However fanciful Tolkien’s creation of Middle earth was,” Shippey writes, “he did not think that he was entirely _____46_____. He was ‘reconstructing’, he was harmonizing conflicts in his source-texts, sometimes he was supplying entirely new concepts, but he was also reaching back to an imaginative world which he believed had once really _____47_____, at least in a collective imagination.”
The book is also deeply grounded in Tolkien’s linguistic expertise (语言专长) —he _____48_____ whole languages for his characters. Sometimes he became so absorbed in the creation of languages, in fact, that he _____49_____ the story itself for months or years at a time, believing he could not continue until some inconsistency(不一致)in his invented world had been resolved. But Tolkien’s great intellect and knowledge is not the source of his _____50_____; without his storytelling gift, The Lord of the Rings would be little more than a curiosity. And this gift seems to originate straight from his _____51_____ to break from classical and traditional forms.
Tolkien himself often spoke of his work as something ‘found’ or ‘discovered’, something whose existence was _____52_____ of him. It’s wise to be careful with this sort of interpretation, but it seems _____53_____ that he believed his work to be something given, something revealed, which contained a kind of truth beyond measure. _____54_____, his details have the weight of reality, and because of this his great sweep of story feels real as well; you might say that his _____55_____ castles are built with a certain amount of genuine stone.
41. A. books B. critics C. readers D. ambitions
42. A. dislike B. challenge C. review D. prefer
43. A. common B. possible C. missing D. funny
44.A. annoys B. influences C. attracts D. concerns
45. A. recovery B. designing C. analysis D. questioning
46. A. taking it down B. making it up C. turning it down D. looking it up
47. A. remained B. struck C. moved D. existed
48. A. spoke B. invented C. neglected D. recalled
49. A. put aside B. set up C. look into D. get along
50.A. style B. tension C. success D. tradition
51. A. decision B. request C. struggle D. refusal
52. A. representative B. independent C. conscious D. thoughtful
53. A. clear B. weird C. unfair D. pitiful
54. A. As a result B. On the contrary C. Even so D. What’s worse
55.A. ancient B. broken C. imaginary D. foreign
答案
41.B42.D43.C44.C45.A 46.B47.D48.B49.A 50.C 51.D52.B53.A54.A55.C
2021金山/奉贤一模
In recent weeks, a group of 15 wild elephants on a long, strange trip out of the jungles of far southwestern China have attracted millions of people across the country. Since the elephants left a wildlife reserve near China’s border with Laos and Myanmar last year, they have (41)__________ steadily northward and have been wandering the suburbs of Kunming, a city of 8.5 million residents.
Millions have (42)__________ to watch the elephants’ 300-mile journey on television and on internet live streams, or tracked their movements on social media. While (43)__________with the creatures, some increasingly see the elephants and their journey as a lesson on the risks of nature and a rapidly urbanizing China crashing into one another, especially as development (44)__________.
Videos of the (45)__________ elephants, wandering down empty streets, breaking into a car dealership and in the case of one mother elephant using her trunk to lift her baby out of danger, have gone (46)__________. Along the way, the elephants have broken into villagers’ homes, eaten their food, drank their water and destroyed their crops. All told, the group has now caused more than 400 separate incidents of damage, worth some $1.1 million.
(47)__________, authorities have formed a government task force. They mobilized hundreds of people, and distributed drones with infrared (红外线的) capabilities to (48) them as they wander through China’s Yunnan province. To keep the elephants away from more densely populated villages, authorities have blocked roads with trucks. Local authorities have been experimenting with snacks to (49)__________ the elephants, laying out corn, bananas and pineapples. The (50)__________ so far: The elephants like corn, while the pineapples have been largely ignored. The elephants have shown a continued interest in wooden buckets of alcohol.
Some specialists at the Chinese Academy of Sciences have assumed that a recent solar storm may have (51)__________ the creatures’ inner compass (指南针) and triggered (引发) a(n) (52)__________ to head north. Some scientists have theorized that the elephants are on the move because their (53)__________ has shrunk while their population has grown.
In recent days, the (54)__________ obsession among the elephants’ new fans has given way to (55)__________ over the unintended consequences of China’s prosperity and economic development. “We’ve made a lot of money, but all these human activities have also caused a lot of trouble for the elephants,” says Mr. Liao, the truck driver, who says he has been inspired to pay more attention to wild animals and their habitats.
41. A. hunted B. located C. marched D. invaded
42. A. taken over B. tuned in C. got together D. showed up
43. A. fascinated B. concerned C. bored D. frightened
44. A. declines B. booms C. reverses D. settles
45. A. trembling B. imposing C. striking D. parading
46. A. global B. wrong C. viral D. crazy
47. A. In response B. In addition C. In turn D. In theory
48. A. capture B. tend C. surround D. track
49. A. trap B. raise C. steer D. tame
50. A. content B. contrast C. context D. consequence
51. A. abused B. detected C. awakened D. liberated
52. A. urge B. possibility C. memory D. permission
53. A. material B. value C. habitat D. size
54. A. consistent B. initial C. restricted D. separated
55. A. concern B. control C. quarrel D. reflection
答案
41-55 CBABD CADCD CACBD

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