资源简介

【2022寒假作业】高一年级（新高考）
Week Two
本系列寒假作业共由4个模块组成，分为【基础夯实】、【阅读训练】、【写作实战】、【外刊精读】。
Day One
【基础夯实】
一、词汇（根据汉语提示写出正确的单词）
The Internet is really useful to us, from which we can __________ (下载) a lot of documents.
Are you for or against this __________ (提议)
The medicines you take could affect your __________ (平衡).
The system allows you to __________ (捐赠) books for credits and use them to get free books.
The football team was disciplined by a __________ (专业的，职业的) trainer.
The 5G technology is expected to make the __________ (利润) of Huawei on the increase.
It is __________ (非法的) for anyone to be fired because of pregnancy.
Some couples see single women as a __________ (威胁) to their relationships.
Go to a part of the world you’re unfamiliar with and __________ (观察) how people live there.
He may break up under all this __________ (压力).
二、语法（动词的时态和语态）
China is widely known for its ancient civilization, which __________ (continue) all the way through into modern times.
Sometimes a report __________ (divide) into a number of categories.
According to HuffPost, more than 3 million people in the United States are vegans. In the UK, about 542,000 people __________ (choose) veganism over the past decade.
Quanzhou is also known for its thriving private economy. The past four decades __________ (see) the birth of tens of thousands of private businesses and hundreds of famous brands.
They made up their minds that they __________ (buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs.
At present, Tech giants Apple and Google __________ (team) up to create a system that would let smartphone users know when they’ve come into contact with someone who has COVID-19.
In the 1950s, it __________ (be) a poor area and everything there was very cheap.
He said what he had hoped __________ (be) that the smiling would ease him to the finishing line.
Then it __________ (find) some food in bins outside a restaurant and started eating.
Thinking about the positive feedback he got from those who __________ (taste) his fried chicken, the old man decided that he was not going to settle for a quiet retirement.
三、语法填空
The Chinese people are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea. We attach (重视) great importance to tea in Chinese culture.
While records of tea in Chinese literature date back 1. ________ about 5,000 years ago, the beginning of tea’s use as 2. ________ kind of drink is unclear. At first, tea was valued for its medical qualities. It has long been known that tea helps digestion (消化), 3. ________ is why many Chinese would like 4. ________ (drink) it after their meal. The rising of tea drinking to an art form 5. ________ (begin) in the 8th century, with the publication of Lu Yu’s The Classic of Tea. His work contained several useful tips for 6. ________ (produce) tea, many of which are still in use today. In the centuries following the publication of Lu Yu’s work, tea’s popularity spread
7. ________ (rapid) throughout China.
Not only did tea drinking become a fitting subject for books and poems, but the rich presented tea as 8. ________ (gift) to friends and guests. Later, teahouses started to spread all over the country. While the Chinese have never developed an 9. ________ (office) ceremony surrounding tea drinking like the Japanese tea ceremony, they have respect for 10. ________ (it) role in their daily lives.
Day Two
【阅读训练】
一、阅读基础
A
I’m a strong believer that learning different languages makes you look quite good when you’re in a foreign country and can understand and speak the language. Here are 4 apps that will help you learn a foreign language! You can download them for free.
Babbel — Learn Languages
Babbel is an excellent language tool to help you progress step by step while learning a new language. It helps you learn grammar along the way as you work your way through the tasks and assignments (作业). You need to pay every month, but this will still be cheaper than taking physical lessons with a teacher!
Duolingo: Learn Languages Free
The app has many languages to choose from and will work through the basics all the way to advanced words and sentences. It’s all completely free too! It’s well designed, looks great and will help you learn, remember and progress with just a little bit of time every day.
Tandem: Language Exchange
Rather than have you work through tasks and memorize different things, the app lets you match with people who share your interests but speak the language you want to learn. You can then have text, voice and video conversations with people who want to learn your native language, and in return you learn theirs, all by simply communicating with each other. It’s a great way to learn with only $1 a day.
Learn English — busuu
This app is perfect if you want to learn English. There are all sorts of audio and visual learning aids. You’ll find yourself working through interactive (互动的) tests and learning tools for vocabulary and dialogue.
1. Which app suits best if you want to learn through communication
A. Babbel — Learn Languages B. Tandem: Language Exchange
C. Duolingo: Learn Languages Free D. Learn English — busuu
2. How is Duolingo different from the other three apps
A. It’s completely free to use.
B. It’s specially designed for English learning.
C. It’s unsuitable for beginners.
D. It’s the best app for English learning.
3. What do the 4 apps have in common
A. They cover all languages. B. They are expensive.
C. They contain many tests. D. They are free to download.
B
Jack was born without eyes. He was very lucky as he grew up having other kittens (young cats) to socialize (交往) with, and was used to people from the moment he was born. However, when it came time to find the kittens homes, no one knew where Jack would end up.
That’s when I got an e-mail from my friend. All she asked was “Do you still want one of the kittens There’s one here with no eyes and no one would like to take him”. Without thinking I told her that I did want the kitten.
When we first brought him home, Jack stayed mostly in my room. After about a day he had no issues running around and climbing on everything. At times he gets lost in the house, he’ll stop. But we just call his name and talk to him and it isn’t long before he finds his way back to us.
A few weeks after getting Jack, we got a new cat named Bear. Jack and Bear have become best friends. It doesn’t matter that he can’t see. He always knows when Bear is around. He’ll run across the yard straight to Bear and wrap his front legs around his neck in a big hug. They run after each other around and wrestle (摔跤). They’ll lie down in the grass together when tired.
Jack is truly an inspiration. I’ve owned lots of kittens in my life, but Jack is the happiest and most playful. He doesn’t feel sorry for himself. He doesn’t need pity. I think Jean, owner of Gumbo, another eyeless cat, said it best when she told me that cats don’t have disabilities; they have adaptability.
4. Why did Jack come to the author’s home
A. The author cared for an eyeless cat.
B. The author didn’t mind whether he was blind.
C. No other young cats kept him company.
D. The author’s friend begged the author to take him home.
5. What does the underlined word “issue” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Trouble. B. Fun.
C. Luck. D. Business.
6. Which of the following statements is TRUE
A. Jack often wrestles with Bear indoors.
B. Jack likes to play with a new eyeless cat.
C. Jack quickly adapts to the new environment.
D. Jack is good at talking and playing with people.
7. What does the passage mainly tell us
A. A cat has nine lives.
B. All is well that ends well.
C. God helps those who help themselves.
D. A good beginning makes a good ending.
二、七选五
One of my earliest memories was watching my mom talk on our old phone. I was fascinated that she could talk to someone who wasn’t actually in the room with her. 1 I was wondering how she managed to talk with someone she couldn’t see.
2 Later, we had mobile phones that could be carried around the room. Then came computers and smart phones. These days I can send an e-mail around the world in a second. My daughter’s smart phone has a hundred apps and a dozen social media accounts. She stores all of her information in a mysterious place known as “the cloud”, where she can take it out at any time. It seems that we are more connected in this world than ever before.
3 Few take the time to talk face to face. Instead of looking into the eyes of our loved ones, we stare at our screens. It seems as if the most connected generations are also the loneliest.
Don’t let technology take our time and ruin our life. Make the time to meet, to pray and to communicate with each other. Take a walk on the beach with a friend. Have a long conversation with the phones off and the hearts on. 4
Remember that we are here to love each other, help each other and make this world a better place. 5 But when it can’t, turn it off.
A. That was a long time ago.
B. Connect offline well as online.
C. Smart phones have both advantages and disadvantages.
D. We should communicate with each other with phones off.
E. When your technology can help to do these things, then use it.
F. However, what bothers me is that we rarely associate with each other nowadays.
G. When she left the room, I slowly walked over to the phone and stared at it for a while.
Day Three
【阅读训练】
一、阅读提升
C
A young Dutch inventor is widening his effort to clean up floating (浮动的) plastic from the Pacific Ocean. He has developed a floating device (设备) to trap plastic waste moving into rivers before it reaches the oceans.
Boyan Slat was just 18 years old when he invented a system for catching waste in the ocean. He also founded an environmental group called “The Ocean Cleanup”. Its purpose is to develop the system. Last year, Slat showed the next step: a floating device called Interceptor. It removes plastic out of rivers. The device is powered by energy from the sun. “The 1,000 rivers are responsible for about 80% of plastic going into the world’s oceans,” said Slat. Three of the machines have already been used. Each machine costs about $775,600, but the cost might drop as production increases.
Since they were used, the machines have been doing very well, collecting the plastic bottles and all the rubbish in the rivers. According to Slat, it is necessary to close the tap, which means preventing more plastic from reaching the ocean in the first place. He wanted to clean them all in the next five years. “This is not going to be easy, but if we do get this done, we could truly make our oceans clean again,” said Slat.
The device is designed to be safe in rivers. Its nose is shaped to change directions to keep it away from larger floating things. It works by guiding plastic waste into an opening in the front of the device. The waste is then carried inside the machine where it is dropped into containers. The device sends a text message to local operators that can come and empty it when it is full.
1. What can we know about Interceptor
A. It is being under test. B. It can help sort waste.
C. It needs solar power to work. D. It is mainly used in the oceans.
2. What does the tap refer to in paragraph 3
A. The rivers. B. The machines.
C. The oceans. D. The waste.
3. What’s the function of the device’s nose
A. To empty the waste.
B. To serve as containers.
C. To ensure the device’s safety.
D. To send operators text messages.
4. Where is the text most likely from
A. A diary. B. A guidebook.
C. A novel. D. A magazine.
D
If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise and, as a result, we are growing old unnecessarily soon.
Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why quite healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a rather early age, and how the speed of getting old could be slowed down.
With a team of researchers at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes (脑量) of a thousand people of different ages with different puter technology helped the researchers to get most exact measurements of the volume of the front and side parts of the brain, which have something to do with intellect and feelings, and decide the human character. As we all know, the back part of the brain, which controls the tasks like eating and breathing, does not contract (萎缩) with age.
Contraction of front and side parts — as cells die off — was seen in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not found in some sixty and seventy year olds.
Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple way to prevent the contraction — using the head.
The findings show that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. “Those with least possibility,” says Matsuzawa, “are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing the same work day after day in government offices are, however, as possible to have contracting brains as the farm workers, bus drivers and shop assistants.”
5. Their research findings are based on __________.
A. an examination of farmers in northern Japan
B. tests given on a thousand old people
C. examining the brain volumes of different people
D. using computer technology
6. The word “subjects” in paragraph 5 refers to __________.
A. something to be considered
B. branches of knowledge studied
C. persons chosen to be studied in an experiment
D. any member of a state except the supreme ruler
7. The researchers’ tests show that __________.
A. our brains contract as we grow older
B. one part of the brain does not contract
C. sixty year olds have better brains than thirty year olds
D. some people’s brains have contracted earlier than other people’s
8. The most possible conclusion of the passage is that __________.
A. most of us take more exercise
B. it’s better to live in the town
C. the brain contracts if it is not used
D. the more one uses his brain, the sooner he becomes old
二、完形填空
I was driving home after attending my uncle’s funeral. I took a canyon (峡谷) drive with beautiful scenery to process my 1 .
Suddenly I heard a pop. I knew what had happened — a big flat tire! I 2 to the side, but this was a canyon drive with not much shoulder 3 , and it happened to be around a turning that people couldn’t see me. That made it 4 .
Cars were passing me fast. I couldn’t get out. Within minutes, I saw a van stopped behind me. The gentleman walked out, 5 a hand, and I dared to walk out very 6 . He moved my car out of the way while I was talking to the police. Since they couldn’t find my 7 location, they said they could send 8 in 20-30 minutes. The gentleman took out my spare tire and started
9 the tire for me.
After the job was 10 , I thanked him and he left. As we said goodbye, I 11 him to pay it forward. I saw in my mirror that the van just 12 me, making sure I was OK. At the light, I got a chance to see the 13 family in the van. A beautiful young wife with attractive children in the back. They all gave me a big smile and 14 at me!
I thought the gentleman had set a successful example for those young children to learn about service and 15 .
1. A. anger B. time C. feelings D. work
2. A. pulled over B. pulled out C. pulled down D. pulled in
3. A. limit B. space C. speed D. height
4. A. dangerous B. inconvenient C. urgent D. uncommon
5. A. lifting B. clapping C. offering D. hiding
6. A. hopefully B. happily C. willingly D. carefully
7. A. special B. detailed C. accurate D. rough
8. A. assistance B. search C. information D. safety
9. A. moving B. changing C. fixing D. setting
10. A. delayed B. continued C. succeeded D. accomplished
11. A. persuaded B. inspired C. promised D. reminded
12. A. followed B. protected C. inspected D. chased
13. A. talkative B. impressive C. last D. entire
14. A. waved B. shouted C. laughed D. bowed
15. A. admiration B. loyalty C. passion D. sympathy
Day Four
【写作实战】
一、应用文
假定你是高一学生李华。寒假即将来临，为了充分利用假期时间提高英语水平，你已经制定好了一份英语学习计划。请给你的美国笔友Tom写一封信，要点如下：
1. 分享你的英语学习计划；
2. 征求意见；
3. 期待回复并表达感谢。
注意：
1. 80词左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
二、读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
It was the middle of the day with the bright sun, blue sky, green grass, and a soft breeze (微风). It was a great day to play outside and the best day of my life because I got a new ball and a new bike as my sixth birthday presents, and I was visiting my cousin, Kristy, at her house.
“Here I go!” shouted David while kicking my new ball. David lived next door and was older than me. I thought he was a wild child, but he was actually very kind. The ball went flying as if it were going to space. “That was high!” Kristy said in surprise and we went after the ball. We all had a great time.
Later we had supper and the food my aunt made was good. While Kristy was helping do the dishes, David and I ran outside to play. We started taking turns riding my bike. David suggested that we ride it to the forest. And I agreed. David and I got on the bike and David started riding fast.
As we rode through the forest, I felt the wind brushing my face. It felt so great and free. Suddenly the bike hit a fallen branch and we went flying off the bike. Lying on the ground, I felt dizzy (眩晕的). I checked myself for injuries and saw some but they didn’t upset me.
“David!” I shouted out anxiously.
“Hey,” said a voice. I turned my head and it was David, who was standing behind me, holding my broken bike. At the sight of my disabled bike, I was so sad that I couldn’t hold back my tears. It took David some time to calm me down.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
When we realized it was time to walk home, we found ourselves lost. ___________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
It was completely dark when we saw fireworks（烟花）being set off in the distance. ________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Day Five
【外刊精读】
主题语境：人与自然——观察蜜蜂如何教彼此解决问题
Watch How Bees Teach Each Other to Solve Problems
Bees see, bees do. At least that’s the conclusion of research published earlier this month, showing that bumblebees learn to solve problems by watching each other.
In the first study of its kind in insects, scientists conducted experiments that challenged bees to pull strings in order to access rewards of nectar.
The first step was proving that bees could learn to solve a simple problem. But what’s more interesting is that other bees that hadn’t encountered the problem before picked up the ability to solve it more quickly when they had a chance to watch a trainer bee that had already figured out the puzzle.
Further, that knowledge was shown to spread from bee to bee throughout a colony, even if the first bee that figured out the trick died.
The scientists hoped their study would throw light on a bigger picture: how social learning spreads through a population.
In the study, Lars Chittka from Queen Mary University of London and his team made artificial flowers and filled them with artificial nectar made of sugar water. They put the flowers under a clear type of plastic and attached a string. Then they added bees. While most of the insects failed to reach the nectar, a few eventually figured out how to access it, by pulling the string.
The team discovered that they could greatly increase the success rate of the bees by first placing them inside a transparent box where they could observe an experienced bee pull the string.
Then, when the boxed bees were released, they often knew what to do and successfully pulled the string to obtain nectar.
Next, the researchers added a bee that was experienced in string pulling to each of three new groups that had never seen the experiment before. Within a short time, about half of all those bees were soon pulling the strings. That result suggests the learned behavior could spread from bee to bee, similar to the way cultural ideas spread in other animals, including people.
The experiment suggests that social learning may be more widespread in the animal kingdom than people previously thought.
Words:
1. bumblebee n. a large bee covered with small hairs that makes a loud noise as it flies 熊蜂；大黄蜂
2. string n. material made of several threads twisted together, used for tying things together; a piece of string used to fasten or pull sth or keep sth in place 细绳；线；带子
3. nectar n. a sweet liquid that is produced by flowers and collected by bees for making honey 花蜜
4. colony n. a group of plants or animals that live together or grow in the same place （同地生长的植物或动物）群，群体，集落
5. transparent adj. allowing you to see through it 透明的；清澈的
一、选择合适的介词填空
1. Filled _________ anger, he couldn’t even utter a single word.
2. The basic structure is made _________ iron and steel.
3. He is such a genius who can figure _________ the problems others can’t.
4. Sarah started at 1 pm and finished it at 2:50 pm, which indicated that she completed _________ two hours.
5. The exam paper today is much more challenging _________ we previously thought.
二、语篇填空（每空一词）
Bees learn to figure out problems by 1. ________ one another, according to a research
2. _________ earlier this month. Experiments are 3. _________ with artificial flowers and nectar in several groups, where bees are 4. __________ to pull strings to get the nectar. The results
5. ________ that abilities can be passed among bees. Initially, we underestimated their social learning spreading scope. Now, we may 6. ___________ the question in a larger scale, even including human beings.
参考答案
Day One
【基础夯实】
一、词汇（根据汉语提示写出正确的单词）
1. download 2. proposal 3. balance 4. donate 5. professional
6. profit(s) 7. illegal 8. threat 9. observe 10. pressure
二、语法（动词的时态和语态）
1. has continued 考查动词的时态。句意：中国因其古老的文明而广为人知，这一文明一直延续到现代。分析句子结构可知，后半句为which引导的非限制性定语从句，该从句中“持续”这一动作发生在过去，持续到现在，故此处应用现在完成时；句子主语为civilization，为不可数名词，故谓语动词用单数形式。故填has continued。
2. is divided 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：有时一份报告会分成许多类别。所填单词作句子的谓语，主语report与谓语动词divide构成被动关系，且由标志词sometimes知，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语为单数名词report，谓语动词应用单数。故填is divided。
3. have chosen 考查动词的时态。句意：据《赫芬顿邮报》报道，美国有超过三百万人都是纯素食主义者。在过去的十年间，英国大约有54.2万人选择了素食。根据时间状语over the past decade可知，句子应用现在完成时态。
4. has seen/have seen 考查动词的时态。句意：在过去的四十年里，数以万计的私营企业和数百个著名品牌应运而生。分析句子结构可知，The past four decades是句子的主语，它作主语时，既可以理解为一个整体，单数概念，也可以理解为复数概念，所以谓语动词既可以用单数形式也可以用复数形式，另外，根据句意可知，此处表示过去的四十年见证了……，该动作从过去一直持续到现在，所以用现在完成时态，故填has seen/have seen。
5. would buy 考查动词的时态。句意：他们决定一旦拉里换了工作，他们就买座新房子。that引导的从句为复合句，其中once引导的时间状语从句用的是一般过去时，故主句用过去将来时。
6. are teaming 考查动词的时态。句意：目前，科技巨头苹果公司和谷歌公司正在合作开发一个系统，可以让智能手机用户知道他们是否接触了新冠肺炎患者。根据时间状语at present可知，是叙述现在正在发生的情况，因此用现在进行时be doing，表示现阶段正在进行的动作；主语Tech giants Apple and Google中giants是复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式，故填are teaming。
7. was考查动词的时态。句意：在20世纪50年代，它还是一个贫穷的地区，那里的所有东西都很廉价。根据时间状语In the 1950s可知，设空处应用一般过去时，故填was。
8. was考查动词的时态。句意：他说他所希望的是，微笑会使他轻松地到达终点线。主句是一般过去时态，设空处是宾语从句的谓语，表示过去的情况，时态应该和主句保持一致，需用一般过去时，故填was。
9. found 考查动词的时态。句意：然后，它在一家餐馆外面的垃圾箱里找到一些食物，开始吃起来。根据本句中的另一个谓语动词started（一般过去时）可知，设空处应用一般过去时，故填found。
10. had tasted 考查动词的时态。句意：考虑到来自那些品尝过他的炸鸡的人的正面反馈，这位老人决定他不会安于平静的退休生活。设空处表示的行为先于got（一般过去时），表示“过去的过去”，因此需用过去完成时had tasted。
三、语法填空
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国茶文化的起源、发展历程和特点。
1. to 考查介词。date back to是固定短语，意为“追溯到”。
2. a 考查冠词。根据句意“茶作为一种饮料使用的开始时间并不清楚”可知，此处表示泛指，且kind的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。
3. which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且指代整个主句的内容并在从句中作主语，故填关系代词which。
4. to drink 考查非谓语动词。would like to do sth.是固定用法，意为“想要做某事”。
5. began 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处是谓语动词，根据时间状语“in the 8th century”可知，begin表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填began。
6. producing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，for为介词，后接名词或者动词-ing形式作宾语，故填producing。
7. rapidly 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词spread，应用副词，故填rapidly。
8. gifts 考查名词复数。gift意为“礼物”，是可数名词，其前没有限定词，应用名词复数，故填gifts。
9. official 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词ceremony，应用形容词，故填official。
10. its 考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词role，应用形容词性物主代词，结合语境可知，此处指代茶的作用，故填its。
Day Two
【阅读训练】
一、阅读基础
A
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四款学习语言的应用程序。
1. B 细节理解题。根据Tandem: Language Exchange中的“You can then have text, voice and video conversations with people who want to learn your native language, and in return you learn theirs, all by simply communicating with each other.”可知，如果你想通过交流学习，Tandem最适合。故选B。
2. A 细节理解题。根据Duolingo: Learn Languages For Free中的“The app has many languages to choose from and will work through the basics all the way to advanced words and sentences. It’s all completely free too!”可知，Duolingo与其他三个应用程序不同的是它是完全免费的。故选A。
3. D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“You can download them for free.”可知，这四款应用程序的共同点是都可免费下载。故选D。
B
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者收养的一只没有眼睛的猫的成长故事。
4. B 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，当朋友问作者是否想要一只没有眼睛的猫时，作者不假思索地告诉她，自己确实想要。这说明作者并不介意Jack是一只没有眼睛的猫。故选B。
5. A 词义猜测题。根据第三段内容可知，Jack没有眼睛，当我们刚把他带回家的时候，他只是待在我的房间里。大约一天之后，他到处跑，到处爬就不成问题了。因此可以推断出，issue在这里指的是“困难、问题”，与A项单词trouble意思相似。故选A。
6. C 细节理解题。根据第四段最后四句话可知，两只猫是在户外摔跤，而非indoors，排除A。文章没有提到Bear没有眼睛，所以排除B。根据第三段对Jack的描述“大约一天后，他到处跑，到处爬就不成问题了”可知，Jack适应环境挺快的。故选C。
7. C 主旨大意题。通读全文尤其最后一段内容可知，Jack虽然没有眼睛，但是却是最快乐的，不为自己难过，不需要怜悯。因此文章主要内容用“自助者，天助之”来概括最合适。故选C。
二、七选五
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作者家中通信工具的变化，指出人们现在很少互相见面交流，并建议人们合理利用科技，创造更美好的生活。
1. G 根据空处前一句可知，作者对于妈妈能够和一个与她不在同一个房间的人说话感到很好奇，这吸引了作者。故G项“当她离开房间的时候，我慢慢地走到电话那儿并盯着看了一会儿”符合文意。故选G。
2. A 根据空后的“Later, we had mobile phones...Then came computers and smart phones. These days I can send an e-mail...”可知，作者阐述了随着时间的变化，家中的通信工具也发生了改变。故A项“那是很久之前的事儿了”符合文意。故选A。
3. F 根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为段落主题句。根据下文可知，本段主要讲述现在我们很少面对面交流了。故F项“然而，令我感到担心的是，我们现在很少互相交流了”能很好地概括段落大意。故选F。
4. B 根据上文可知，作者认为不能让科技占据我们太多的时间，摧毁我们的生活，我们应该花时间互相见面交流。故B项“既要在网上联系也要在网络之外联系”符合文意。故选B。
5. E 空处前一句提到我们来到这个世界是为了相互关爱，相互帮助，使世界变得更美好；后两句提到当科技不能（帮助你）做到这些时，就关掉它。E项“当科技能够帮助你做到这些时，就使用它”承上启下，符合文意。故选E。
Day Three
【阅读训练】
一、阅读提升
C
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰年轻发明家发明的一种移除河流中塑料垃圾的机器。
1. C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The device is powered by energy from the sun”可知，这台设备是以太阳能为动力的。故选C。
2. A 推理判断题。根据第三段内容，尤其是“which means preventing more plastic from reaching the ocean in the first place”可知，Slat认为如果减少河里的垃圾，就能阻止垃圾进入海洋，此处close the tap是比喻说法，因此tap指的是河流。故选A。
3. C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The device is designed to be safe in rivers. Its nose is shaped to change directions to keep it away from larger floating things”可知，这个装置在河里是安全的，因为它的头部在碰到较大的漂浮物时会转变方向。故选C。
4. D 文章出处题。本文是一篇科技类说明文，可能出自杂志。故选D。
D
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日本的研究人员对人类大脑衰老的相关研究。他们的研究表明：越是乐于思考、使用大脑的人，大脑越不容易衰老。
5. C 细节理解题。根据第三段“he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages with different jobs”可知，研究人员要去测量一千个不同年龄、从事不同工作的人的大脑体积。由此可知，他们的研究结果是以测量不同人群的大脑体积为依据的。故选C。
6. C 推理判断题。根据第四段内容“...but it was still not found in some sixty and seventy year olds”可以推断出，这里“subjects”特指被选入试验中参与研究的人们。故选C。
7. D 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The findings show that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.”可知，研究人员的测试发现，乡下人比城镇人的大脑萎缩得更早。故选D。
8. C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段以及第五段内容“Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple way to prevent the contraction — using the head.”可推知，大脑不经常使用就会萎缩。故选C。
二、完形填空
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者参加叔叔的葬礼后在回程的路上车胎出现故障，经过的货车向其伸出援手的故事。
1. C 考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，作者参加完叔叔的葬礼后开车回家，他选择了一条风景还不错的路，以此来调整自己的心情。故选C。
2. A 考查动词短语辨析。根据上文“Suddenly I heard a pop. I knew what had happened — a big flat tire!”可知，突然，作者听到了砰的一声。他知道什么已经发生了——车爆胎了。于是他靠边停车。pull over意为“靠边停车”。故选A。
3. B 考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“but this was a canyon drive with not much shoulder”可知，这是一条没有过多路肩的峡谷车道。故选B。
4. A 考查形容词辨析。根据上文中的“but this was a canyon drive with not much shoulder _____, and it happened to be around a turning that people couldn’t see me”可知，这是一条没有过多路肩的峡谷车道，而且还是一个驾驶人看不到作者的转弯处，所以情况很危险。故选A。
5. C 考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“He moved my car out of the way”及语境可知，此处表示这位绅士给予了作者帮助。offer a hand意为“提供帮助”。故选C。
6. D 考查副词辨析。根据上文中的“but this was a canyon drive with not much shoulder”及语境可知，作者停车的位置很危险，在一位绅士提供帮助后，作者才敢小心翼翼地从车里走出来。故选D。
7. C 考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的“they said they could send _____ in 20-30 minutes”及语境可知，因为警察无法找到作者的确切位置，所以他们只能在二三十分钟内派出救援。故选C。
8. A 考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，因为警察说他们无法找到作者的确切位置，所以只能在二三十分钟内派出救援。故选A。
9. B 考查动词辨析。根据上文中的“The gentleman took out my spare tire”及语境可知，这位绅士拿出作者的备胎，然后开始为作者更换备胎。故选B。
10. D 考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“I thanked him and he left”可知，当换胎工作完成后，作者对这位绅士表达了感谢，然后他就离开了。故选D。
11. C 考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“pay it forward”及语境可知，此处表示作者承诺会把这份对陌生人的帮助和善意传递下去。故选C。
12. A 考查动词辨析。根据上文中的“I saw in my mirror that the van”及下文中的“making sure I was OK”及语境可知，作者通过镜子看到那位绅士一直在后面开车跟着作者，以确保作者一切安好。故选A。
13. D 考查形容词辨析。根据下文“A beautiful young wife with attractive children in the back.”可知，这位绅士的车上坐着一位漂亮的年轻的妻子和引人目的孩子们，所以作者有机会看到卡车里的一家人。故选D。
14. A 考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处表示绅士一家都向作者微笑并挥手。故选A。
15. D 考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“I thought the gentleman had set a successful example for those young children to learn about service”及语境可知，孩子们从父亲那里学到了服务意识和对处于困难之中的人表达自己的怜悯之心。故选D。
Day Four
【写作实战】
一、应用文
Dear Tom,
In order to make good use of the coming winter holiday, I have worked out a plan for my English study. Here, I’m writing to share it with you and I hope that you can give me some advice.
As for my English study plan, it includes mainly three aspects. To begin with, finishing every piece of homework is a must, which can help me review what I have learnt effectively. Besides, I’ll set aside some time to watch at least five movies to improve my listening and speaking skills. What’s more, I’d like to keep my diary in English on a daily basis. What do you think of my plan above Would you please offer me some suggestions
Thanks a lot. I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.
Yours,
Li Hua
二、读后续写
Paragraph 1:
When we realized it was time to walk home, we found ourselves lost. It was getting darker and darker. I felt so scared that tears rolled down my face again. David tried to comfort me. He told me that he once made some marks on the trees in the forest, which might help us find the way home. Therefore, we made efforts to look for the marks but failed. Having walked anxiously for about an hour in the forest, we didn’t find our way out.
Paragraph 2:
It was completely dark when we saw fireworks (烟花) being set off in the distance. We ran excitedly in that direction as fast as possible. Soon we found my aunt’s house, in front of which my cousin Kristy was holding some fireworks and lighting them. Seeing us back safe, Kristy cheerfully hugged us. She told us that when noticing we had been away for long, she was concerned about our safety. She set off fireworks to draw our attention and guide us. It was an unforgettable experience. Without David’s comfort and Kristy’s fireworks, I would have lost in the forest forever.
Day Five
【外刊精读】
一、选择合适的介词填空
1. with 2. of 3. out 4. within 5. than
二、语篇填空（每空一词）
1. watching/observing 2. published 3. conducted
4. challenged 5. prove 6. reconsider【2022寒假作业】高一年级（全国卷）
Week Two
本系列寒假作业共由4个模块组成，分为【基础夯实】、【阅读训练】、【写作实战】、【外刊精读】。
Day One
【基础夯实】
一、词汇（根据汉语提示写出正确的单词）
The Internet is really useful to us, from which we can __________ (下载) a lot of documents.
Are you for or against this __________ (提议)
The medicines you take could affect your __________ (平衡).
The system allows you to __________ (捐赠) books for credits and use them to get free books.
The football team was disciplined by a __________ (专业的，职业的) trainer.
The 5G technology is expected to make the __________ (利润) of Huawei on the increase.
It is __________ (非法的) for anyone to be fired because of pregnancy.
Some couples see single women as a __________ (威胁) to their relationships.
Go to a part of the world you’re unfamiliar with and __________ (观察) how people live there.
He may break up under all this __________ (压力).
二、语法（动词的时态和语态）
China is widely known for its ancient civilization, which __________ (continue) all the way through into modern times.
Sometimes a report __________ (divide) into a number of categories.
According to HuffPost, more than 3 million people in the United States are vegans. In the UK, about 542,000 people __________ (choose) veganism over the past decade.
Quanzhou is also known for its thriving private economy. The past four decades __________ (see) the birth of tens of thousands of private businesses and hundreds of famous brands.
They made up their minds that they __________ (buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs.
At present, Tech giants Apple and Google __________ (team) up to create a system that would let smartphone users know when they’ve come into contact with someone who has COVID-19.
In the 1950s, it __________ (be) a poor area and everything there was very cheap.
He said what he had hoped __________ (be) that the smiling would ease him to the finishing line.
Then it __________ (find) some food in bins outside a restaurant and started eating.
Thinking about the positive feedback he got from those who __________ (taste) his fried chicken, the old man decided that he was not going to settle for a quiet retirement.
三、语法填空
The Chinese people are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea. We attach (重视) great importance to tea in Chinese culture.
While records of tea in Chinese literature date back 1. ________ about 5,000 years ago, the beginning of tea’s use as 2. ________ kind of drink is unclear. At first, tea was valued for its medical qualities. It has long been known that tea helps digestion (消化), 3. ________ is why many Chinese would like 4. ________ (drink) it after their meal. The rising of tea drinking to an art form 5. ________ (begin) in the 8th century, with the publication of Lu Yu’s The Classic of Tea. His work contained several useful tips for 6. ________ (produce) tea, many of which are still in use today. In the centuries following the publication of Lu Yu’s work, tea’s popularity spread
7. ________ (rapid) throughout China.
Not only did tea drinking become a fitting subject for books and poems, but the rich presented tea as 8. ________ (gift) to friends and guests. Later, teahouses started to spread all over the country. While the Chinese have never developed an 9. ________ (office) ceremony surrounding tea drinking like the Japanese tea ceremony, they have respect for 10. ________ (it) role in their daily lives.
四、改错
Today, I helped with my neighbor, a young man of about 20. As I was getting home, I heard a dog barked at him. Although I walked closer, I could see that the dog’s leash (牵狗绳) was wound around the gatepost. I stopped and helped the young man calming the dog. Then we unwound the leash from the gatepost. She was a young puppy who had adopted two days earlier. She didn’t trust people so she ran off as soon as possible. It feels great to meet a neighbor or help save a little life. Hopeful the two will bond and has many happy years together!
Day Two
【阅读训练】
一、阅读基础
A
I’m a strong believer that learning different languages makes you look quite good when you’re in a foreign country and can understand and speak the language. Here are 4 apps that will help you learn a foreign language! You can download them for free.
Babbel — Learn Languages
Babbel is an excellent language tool to help you progress step by step while learning a new language. It helps you learn grammar along the way as you work your way through the tasks and assignments (作业). You need to pay every month, but this will still be cheaper than taking physical lessons with a teacher!
Duolingo: Learn Languages Free
The app has many languages to choose from and will work through the basics all the way to advanced words and sentences. It’s all completely free too! It’s well designed, looks great and will help you learn, remember and progress with just a little bit of time every day.
Tandem: Language Exchange
Rather than have you work through tasks and memorize different things, the app lets you match with people who share your interests but speak the language you want to learn. You can then have text, voice and video conversations with people who want to learn your native language, and in return you learn theirs, all by simply communicating with each other. It’s a great way to learn with only $1 a day.
Learn English — busuu
This app is perfect if you want to learn English. There are all sorts of audio and visual learning aids. You’ll find yourself working through interactive (互动的) tests and learning tools for vocabulary and dialogue.
1. Which app suits best if you want to learn through communication
A. Babbel — Learn Languages B. Tandem: Language Exchange
C. Duolingo: Learn Languages Free D. Learn English — busuu
2. How is Duolingo different from the other three apps
A. It’s completely free to use.
B. It’s specially designed for English learning.
C. It’s unsuitable for beginners.
D. It’s the best app for English learning.
3. What do the 4 apps have in common
A. They cover all languages. B. They are expensive.
C. They contain many tests. D. They are free to download.
B
Jack was born without eyes. He was very lucky as he grew up having other kittens (young cats) to socialize (交往) with, and was used to people from the moment he was born. However, when it came time to find the kittens homes, no one knew where Jack would end up.
That’s when I got an e-mail from my friend. All she asked was “Do you still want one of the kittens There’s one here with no eyes and no one would like to take him”. Without thinking I told her that I did want the kitten.
When we first brought him home, Jack stayed mostly in my room. After about a day he had no issues running around and climbing on everything. At times he gets lost in the house, he’ll stop. But we just call his name and talk to him and it isn’t long before he finds his way back to us.
A few weeks after getting Jack, we got a new cat named Bear. Jack and Bear have become best friends. It doesn’t matter that he can’t see. He always knows when Bear is around. He’ll run across the yard straight to Bear and wrap his front legs around his neck in a big hug. They run after each other around and wrestle (摔跤). They’ll lie down in the grass together when tired.
Jack is truly an inspiration. I’ve owned lots of kittens in my life, but Jack is the happiest and most playful. He doesn’t feel sorry for himself. He doesn’t need pity. I think Jean, owner of Gumbo, another eyeless cat, said it best when she told me that cats don’t have disabilities; they have adaptability.
4. Why did Jack come to the author’s home
A. The author cared for an eyeless cat.
B. The author didn’t mind whether he was blind.
C. No other young cats kept him company.
D. The author’s friend begged the author to take him home.
5. What does the underlined word “issue” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Trouble. B. Fun.
C. Luck. D. Business.
6. Which of the following statements is TRUE
A. Jack often wrestles with Bear indoors.
B. Jack likes to play with a new eyeless cat.
C. Jack quickly adapts to the new environment.
D. Jack is good at talking and playing with people.
7. What does the passage mainly tell us
A. A cat has nine lives.
B. All is well that ends well.
C. God helps those who help themselves.
D. A good beginning makes a good ending.
二、七选五
One of my earliest memories was watching my mom talk on our old phone. I was fascinated that she could talk to someone who wasn’t actually in the room with her. 1 I was wondering how she managed to talk with someone she couldn’t see.
2 Later, we had mobile phones that could be carried around the room. Then came computers and smart phones. These days I can send an e-mail around the world in a second. My daughter’s smart phone has a hundred apps and a dozen social media accounts. She stores all of her information in a mysterious place known as “the cloud”, where she can take it out at any time. It seems that we are more connected in this world than ever before.
3 Few take the time to talk face to face. Instead of looking into the eyes of our loved ones, we stare at our screens. It seems as if the most connected generations are also the loneliest.
Don’t let technology take our time and ruin our life. Make the time to meet, to pray and to communicate with each other. Take a walk on the beach with a friend. Have a long conversation with the phones off and the hearts on. 4
Remember that we are here to love each other, help each other and make this world a better place. 5 But when it can’t, turn it off.
A. That was a long time ago.
B. Connect offline well as online.
C. Smart phones have both advantages and disadvantages.
D. We should communicate with each other with phones off.
E. When your technology can help to do these things, then use it.
F. However, what bothers me is that we rarely associate with each other nowadays.
G. When she left the room, I slowly walked over to the phone and stared at it for a while.
Day Three
【阅读训练】
一、阅读提升
C
A young Dutch inventor is widening his effort to clean up floating (浮动的) plastic from the Pacific Ocean. He has developed a floating device (设备) to trap plastic waste moving into rivers before it reaches the oceans.
Boyan Slat was just 18 years old when he invented a system for catching waste in the ocean. He also founded an environmental group called “The Ocean Cleanup”. Its purpose is to develop the system. Last year, Slat showed the next step: a floating device called Interceptor. It removes plastic out of rivers. The device is powered by energy from the sun. “The 1,000 rivers are responsible for about 80% of plastic going into the world’s oceans,” said Slat. Three of the machines have already been used. Each machine costs about $775,600, but the cost might drop as production increases.
Since they were used, the machines have been doing very well, collecting the plastic bottles and all the rubbish in the rivers. According to Slat, it is necessary to close the tap, which means preventing more plastic from reaching the ocean in the first place. He wanted to clean them all in the next five years. “This is not going to be easy, but if we do get this done, we could truly make our oceans clean again,” said Slat.
The device is designed to be safe in rivers. Its nose is shaped to change directions to keep it away from larger floating things. It works by guiding plastic waste into an opening in the front of the device. The waste is then carried inside the machine where it is dropped into containers. The device sends a text message to local operators that can come and empty it when it is full.
1. What can we know about Interceptor
A. It is being under test. B. It can help sort waste.
C. It needs solar power to work. D. It is mainly used in the oceans.
2. What does the tap refer to in paragraph 3
A. The rivers. B. The machines.
C. The oceans. D. The waste.
3. What’s the function of the device’s nose
A. To empty the waste.
B. To serve as containers.
C. To ensure the device’s safety.
D. To send operators text messages.
4. Where is the text most likely from
A. A diary. B. A guidebook.
C. A novel. D. A magazine.
D
If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise and, as a result, we are growing old unnecessarily soon.
Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why quite healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a rather early age, and how the speed of getting old could be slowed down.
With a team of researchers at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes (脑量) of a thousand people of different ages with different puter technology helped the researchers to get most exact measurements of the volume of the front and side parts of the brain, which have something to do with intellect and feelings, and decide the human character. As we all know, the back part of the brain, which controls the tasks like eating and breathing, does not contract (萎缩) with age.
Contraction of front and side parts — as cells die off — was seen in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not found in some sixty and seventy year olds.
Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple way to prevent the contraction — using the head.
The findings show that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. “Those with least possibility,” says Matsuzawa, “are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing the same work day after day in government offices are, however, as possible to have contracting brains as the farm workers, bus drivers and shop assistants.”
5. Their research findings are based on __________.
A. an examination of farmers in northern Japan
B. tests given on a thousand old people
C. examining the brain volumes of different people
D. using computer technology
6. The word “subjects” in paragraph 5 refers to __________.
A. something to be considered
B. branches of knowledge studied
C. persons chosen to be studied in an experiment
D. any member of a state except the supreme ruler
7. The researchers’ tests show that __________.
A. our brains contract as we grow older
B. one part of the brain does not contract
C. sixty year olds have better brains than thirty year olds
D. some people’s brains have contracted earlier than other people’s
8. The most possible conclusion of the passage is that __________.
A. most of us take more exercise
B. it’s better to live in the town
C. the brain contracts if it is not used
D. the more one uses his brain, the sooner he becomes old
二、完形填空
This morning I was walking with my husband when I noticed an elderly man was unstable (不稳固的) on his feet. He was trying to 1 himself by holding a tree, but then slowly 2 to the sidewalk. My husband and I ran to his side. 3 , he didn’t hit his head on the sidewalk. A few more of us gathered around, discussing the 4 . I gave my cellphone to my husband to call 911.
It seemed to have happened 5 , but there were at least 4 people by the man’s side. Someone took his pulse; another 6 his own coat under his head to make him more 7 . Several minutes later, his wife 8 — she had been walking their dog in the pet area. But she was too
9 to do anything. Waiting for the 10 to get there, I held his hand and looked him in the eyes. I patted his face 11 and touched his forehead. I wanted him to know that help was on its 12 .
Once the ambulance (救护车) got there, I talked to his wife. His medical 13 was very rough. He had had a triple bypass heart operation (三重心脏搭桥手术) and 14 from cancer. Their son had 15 in the army for many years. This was their last trip here to visit him, who always had no holidays to see them.
I gave her a paper dove and a huge hug and then before we all 16 , I thanked everyone for their help and 17 more doves. One young man, who had been so helpful, felt 18 and asked if I was his family. “No.” I said, shrugging, “but then again, aren’t we all 19 ” He nodded and smiled in 20 .
1. A. calm B. balance C. help D. challenge
2. A. escaped B. turned C. fell D. pointed
3. A. Surprisingly B. Luckily C. Finally D. Actually
4. A. accident B. story C. situation D. news
5. A. all at once B. on time C. in the end D. as usual
6. A. placed B. threw C. wore D. pressed
7. A. healthy B. popular C. comfortable D. important
8. A. rushed over B. came round C. went ahead D. set off
9. A. bored B. embarrassed C. dissatisfied D. worried
10. A. rescue B. conclusion C. chance D. solution
11. A. secretly B. quickly C. frequently D. softly
12. A. side B. way C. return D. mind
13. A. bill B. study C. licence D. history
14. A. learned B. heard C. resulted D. suffered
15. A. joined B. served C. grown D. competed
16. A. parted B. waved C. explored D. communicated
17. A. dealt with B. watched over C. picked up D. gave out
18. A. relaxed B. upset C. interested D. hopeless
19. A. partners B. families C. friends D. strangers
20. A. excitement B. disappointment C. agreement D. argument
Day Four
【写作实战】
（一）
假定你是高一学生李华。寒假即将来临，为了充分利用假期时间提高英语水平，你已经制定好了一份英语学习计划。请给你的美国笔友Tom写一封信，要点如下：
1. 分享你的英语学习计划；
2. 征求意见；
3. 期待回复并表达感谢。
注意：
1. 100词左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
（二）
假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Lily给你写了一封邮件，邮件中说她和好朋友Lucy闹矛盾了，因为Lucy弄丢了她最喜欢的那本书。她不知道应该怎么办，因此向你寻求帮助。请你给Lily回一封邮件，提出建议，帮她解决这个问题。
注意：
1. 100词左右。
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Lily,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
Day Five
【外刊精读】
主题语境：人与自然——观察蜜蜂如何教彼此解决问题
Watch How Bees Teach Each Other to Solve Problems
Bees see, bees do. At least that’s the conclusion of research published earlier this month, showing that bumblebees learn to solve problems by watching each other.
In the first study of its kind in insects, scientists conducted experiments that challenged bees to pull strings in order to access rewards of nectar.
The first step was proving that bees could learn to solve a simple problem. But what’s more interesting is that other bees that hadn’t encountered the problem before picked up the ability to solve it more quickly when they had a chance to watch a trainer bee that had already figured out the puzzle.
Further, that knowledge was shown to spread from bee to bee throughout a colony, even if the first bee that figured out the trick died.
The scientists hoped their study would throw light on a bigger picture: how social learning spreads through a population.
In the study, Lars Chittka from Queen Mary University of London and his team made artificial flowers and filled them with artificial nectar made of sugar water. They put the flowers under a clear type of plastic and attached a string. Then they added bees. While most of the insects failed to reach the nectar, a few eventually figured out how to access it, by pulling the string.
The team discovered that they could greatly increase the success rate of the bees by first placing them inside a transparent box where they could observe an experienced bee pull the string.
Then, when the boxed bees were released, they often knew what to do and successfully pulled the string to obtain nectar.
Next, the researchers added a bee that was experienced in string pulling to each of three new groups that had never seen the experiment before. Within a short time, about half of all those bees were soon pulling the strings. That result suggests the learned behavior could spread from bee to bee, similar to the way cultural ideas spread in other animals, including people.
The experiment suggests that social learning may be more widespread in the animal kingdom than people previously thought.
Words:
1. bumblebee n. a large bee covered with small hairs that makes a loud noise as it flies 熊蜂；大黄蜂
2. string n. material made of several threads twisted together, used for tying things together; a piece of string used to fasten or pull sth or keep sth in place 细绳；线；带子
3. nectar n. a sweet liquid that is produced by flowers and collected by bees for making honey 花蜜
4. colony n. a group of plants or animals that live together or grow in the same place （同地生长的植物或动物）群，群体，集落
5. transparent adj. allowing you to see through it 透明的；清澈的
一、选择合适的介词填空
1. Filled _________ anger, he couldn’t even utter a single word.
2. The basic structure is made _________ iron and steel.
3. He is such a genius who can figure _________ the problems others can’t.
4. Sarah started at 1 pm and finished it at 2:50 pm, which indicated that she completed _________ two hours.
5. The exam paper today is much more challenging _________ we previously thought.
二、语篇填空（每空一词）
Bees learn to figure out problems by 1. ________ one another, according to a research
2. _________ earlier this month. Experiments are 3. _________ with artificial flowers and nectar in several groups, where bees are 4. __________ to pull strings to get the nectar. The results
5. ________ that abilities can be passed among bees. Initially, we underestimated their social learning spreading scope. Now, we may 6. ___________ the question in a larger scale, even including human beings.
参考答案
Day One
【基础夯实】
一、词汇（根据汉语提示写出正确的单词）
1. download 2. proposal 3. balance 4. donate 5. professional
6. profit(s) 7. illegal 8. threat 9. observe 10. pressure
二、语法（动词的时态和语态）
1. has continued 考查动词的时态。句意：中国因其古老的文明而广为人知，这一文明一直延续到现代。分析句子结构可知，后半句为which引导的非限制性定语从句，该从句中“持续”这一动作发生在过去，持续到现在，故此处应用现在完成时；句子主语为civilization，为不可数名词，故谓语动词用单数形式。故填has continued。
2. is divided 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：有时一份报告会分成许多类别。所填单词作句子的谓语，主语report与谓语动词divide构成被动关系，且由标志词sometimes知，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语为单数名词report，谓语动词应用单数。故填is divided。
3. have chosen 考查动词的时态。句意：据《赫芬顿邮报》报道，美国有超过三百万人都是纯素食主义者。在过去的十年间，英国大约有54.2万人选择了素食。根据时间状语over the past decade可知，句子应用现在完成时态。
4. has seen/have seen 考查动词的时态。句意：在过去的四十年里，数以万计的私营企业和数百个著名品牌应运而生。分析句子结构可知，The past four decades是句子的主语，它作主语时，既可以理解为一个整体，单数概念，也可以理解为复数概念，所以谓语动词既可以用单数形式也可以用复数形式，另外，根据句意可知，此处表示过去的四十年见证了……，该动作从过去一直持续到现在，所以用现在完成时态，故填has seen/have seen。
5. would buy 考查动词的时态。句意：他们决定一旦拉里换了工作，他们就买座新房子。that引导的从句为复合句，其中once引导的时间状语从句用的是一般过去时，故主句用过去将来时。
6. are teaming 考查动词的时态。句意：目前，科技巨头苹果公司和谷歌公司正在合作开发一个系统，可以让智能手机用户知道他们是否接触了新冠肺炎患者。根据时间状语at present可知，是叙述现在正在发生的情况，因此用现在进行时be doing，表示现阶段正在进行的动作；主语Tech giants Apple and Google中giants是复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式，故填are teaming。
7. was考查动词的时态。句意：在20世纪50年代，它还是一个贫穷的地区，那里的所有东西都很廉价。根据时间状语In the 1950s可知，设空处应用一般过去时，故填was。
8. was考查动词的时态。句意：他说他所希望的是，微笑会使他轻松地到达终点线。主句是一般过去时态，设空处是宾语从句的谓语，表示过去的情况，时态应该和主句保持一致，需用一般过去时，故填was。
9. found 考查动词的时态。句意：然后，它在一家餐馆外面的垃圾箱里找到一些食物，开始吃起来。根据本句中的另一个谓语动词started（一般过去时）可知，设空处应用一般过去时，故填found。
10. had tasted 考查动词的时态。句意：考虑到来自那些品尝过他的炸鸡的人的正面反馈，这位老人决定他不会安于平静的退休生活。设空处表示的行为先于got（一般过去时），表示“过去的过去”，因此需用过去完成时had tasted。
三、语法填空
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国茶文化的起源、发展历程和特点。
1. to 考查介词。date back to是固定短语，意为“追溯到”。
2. a 考查冠词。根据句意“茶作为一种饮料使用的开始时间并不清楚”可知，此处表示泛指，且kind的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。
3. which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且指代整个主句的内容并在从句中作主语，故填关系代词which。
4. to drink 考查非谓语动词。would like to do sth.是固定用法，意为“想要做某事”。
5. began 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处是谓语动词，根据时间状语“in the 8th century”可知，begin表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填began。
6. producing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，for为介词，后接名词或者动词-ing形式作宾语，故填producing。
7. rapidly 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词spread，应用副词，故填rapidly。
8. gifts 考查名词复数。gift意为“礼物”，是可数名词，其前没有限定词，应用名词复数，故填gifts。
9. official 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词ceremony，应用形容词，故填official。
10. its 考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词role，应用形容词性物主代词，结合语境可知，此处指代茶的作用，故填its。
四、改错
1. 删掉helped后的with
2. barked→barking/bark
3. Although→As/When
4. around后的the→a
5. calming→calm
6. had后∧been
7. feels→felt
8. or→and
9. Hopeful→Hopefully
10. has→have
Day Two
【阅读训练】
一、阅读基础
A
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四款学习语言的应用程序。
1. B 细节理解题。根据Tandem: Language Exchange中的“You can then have text, voice and video conversations with people who want to learn your native language, and in return you learn theirs, all by simply communicating with each other.”可知，如果你想通过交流学习，Tandem最适合。故选B。
2. A 细节理解题。根据Duolingo: Learn Languages For Free中的“The app has many languages to choose from and will work through the basics all the way to advanced words and sentences. It’s all completely free too!”可知，Duolingo与其他三个应用程序不同的是它是完全免费的。故选A。
3. D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“You can download them for free.”可知，这四款应用程序的共同点是都可免费下载。故选D。
B
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者收养的一只没有眼睛的猫的成长故事。
4. B 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，当朋友问作者是否想要一只没有眼睛的猫时，作者不假思索地告诉她，自己确实想要。这说明作者并不介意Jack是一只没有眼睛的猫。故选B。
5. A 词义猜测题。根据第三段内容可知，Jack没有眼睛，当我们刚把他带回家的时候，他只是待在我的房间里。大约一天之后，他到处跑，到处爬就不成问题了。因此可以推断出，issue在这里指的是“困难、问题”，与A项单词trouble意思相似。故选A。
6. C 细节理解题。根据第四段最后四句话可知，两只猫是在户外摔跤，而非indoors，排除A。文章没有提到Bear没有眼睛，所以排除B。根据第三段对Jack的描述“大约一天后，他到处跑，到处爬就不成问题了”可知，Jack适应环境挺快的。故选C。
7. C 主旨大意题。通读全文尤其最后一段内容可知，Jack虽然没有眼睛，但是却是最快乐的，不为自己难过，不需要怜悯。因此文章主要内容用“自助者，天助之”来概括最合适。故选C。
二、七选五
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作者家中通信工具的变化，指出人们现在很少互相见面交流，并建议人们合理利用科技，创造更美好的生活。
1. G 根据空处前一句可知，作者对于妈妈能够和一个与她不在同一个房间的人说话感到很好奇，这吸引了作者。故G项“当她离开房间的时候，我慢慢地走到电话那儿并盯着看了一会儿”符合文意。故选G。
2. A 根据空后的“Later, we had mobile phones...Then came computers and smart phones. These days I can send an e-mail...”可知，作者阐述了随着时间的变化，家中的通信工具也发生了改变。故A项“那是很久之前的事儿了”符合文意。故选A。
3. F 根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为段落主题句。根据下文可知，本段主要讲述现在我们很少面对面交流了。故F项“然而，令我感到担心的是，我们现在很少互相交流了”能很好地概括段落大意。故选F。
4. B 根据上文可知，作者认为不能让科技占据我们太多的时间，摧毁我们的生活，我们应该花时间互相见面交流。故B项“既要在网上联系也要在网络之外联系”符合文意。故选B。
5. E 空处前一句提到我们来到这个世界是为了相互关爱，相互帮助，使世界变得更美好；后两句提到当科技不能（帮助你）做到这些时，就关掉它。E项“当科技能够帮助你做到这些时，就使用它”承上启下，符合文意。故选E。
Day Three
【阅读训练】
一、阅读提升
C
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰年轻发明家发明的一种移除河流中塑料垃圾的机器。
1. C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The device is powered by energy from the sun”可知，这台设备是以太阳能为动力的。故选C。
2. A 推理判断题。根据第三段内容，尤其是“which means preventing more plastic from reaching the ocean in the first place”可知，Slat认为如果减少河里的垃圾，就能阻止垃圾进入海洋，此处close the tap是比喻说法，因此tap指的是河流。故选A。
3. C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The device is designed to be safe in rivers. Its nose is shaped to change directions to keep it away from larger floating things”可知，这个装置在河里是安全的，因为它的头部在碰到较大的漂浮物时会转变方向。故选C。
4. D 文章出处题。本文是一篇科技类说明文，可能出自杂志。故选D。
D
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日本的研究人员对人类大脑衰老的相关研究。他们的研究表明：越是乐于思考、使用大脑的人，大脑越不容易衰老。
5. C 细节理解题。根据第三段“he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages with different jobs”可知，研究人员要去测量一千个不同年龄、从事不同工作的人的大脑体积。由此可知，他们的研究结果是以测量不同人群的大脑体积为依据的。故选C。
6. C 推理判断题。根据第四段内容“...but it was still not found in some sixty and seventy year olds”可以推断出，这里“subjects”特指被选入试验中参与研究的人们。故选C。
7. D 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The findings show that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.”可知，研究人员的测试发现，乡下人比城镇人的大脑萎缩得更早。故选D。
8. C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段以及第五段内容“Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple way to prevent the contraction — using the head.”可推知，大脑不经常使用就会萎缩。故选C。
二、完形填空
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与丈夫在散步时遇到一位老人病倒并为他提供帮助的故事。
1. B 根据上文中的“an elderly man was unstable (不稳固的) on his feet”可知，这里是说老人想让自己保持平衡。calm“使平静”；balance“使保持平衡”；help“帮助”；challenge“向（某人）挑战”。
2. C 根据下文中的“he didn’t hit his head on the sidewalk”可知，老人缓慢地倒在了（fell）人行道上。escape“逃离”；turn“转动，转身”；point“指”。
3. B 根据下文中的“he didn’t hit his head on the sidewalk”可知，他倒在了人行道上，幸运的是（Luckily），他没有撞到头。surprisingly“使人吃惊地，出人意料地”；finally“最终”；actually“实际上”。
4. C 根据常识可知，我们中的一些人聚集在周围，讨论着老人的情况（situation）。accident“事故”；story“故事”；news“消息”。
5. A 根据下文中的“but there were at least 4 people by the man’s side”可知，此处是说尽管事发突然（all at once），但是在老人旁边至少已有四个人。on time“准时”；in the end“最后”；as usual“照例”。
6. A 根据语境可知，为了让他更舒服些，一个人把自己的外套放（placed）在他的头下面。throw“扔”；wear“穿”；press“按”。
7. C 参见上题解析。healthy“健康的”；popular“受欢迎的”；comfortable“舒服的”；important“重要的”。
8. A 几分钟之后，他的妻子急促赶到。rush over“急促赶到”；come round“苏醒”；go ahead“走在前面”；set off“动身”。
9. D 根据语境可知，他的妻子太担心（worried）了，以至于什么都做不成。bored“厌倦的”；embarrassed“尴尬的”；dissatisfied“不满意的”。
10. A 根据下文中的“Once the ambulance（救护车）got there”可知，人们等着援救（rescue）的到来。
11. D 作者轻轻地（softly）拍拍他的脸。secretly“秘密地”；quickly“快速地”；frequently“频繁地”。
12. B 根据语境可知，作者想让老人知道援救马上就到。on one’s way“即将到达”。
13. D 根据下文中的“He had ... cancer”可知，此处指老人的病史。
14. D 根据语境可知，老人身患（suffered from）癌症。learn from“从……学习”；hear from“收到……的来信”；result from“由……造成”。
15. B 根据下文中的“in the army”“had no holidays”可知，他们的儿子在服（served）军役。
16. A 根据语境可知，在我们分开（parted）之前，作者感谢了每个人的帮助，并分发了一些纸折的鸽子。wave“挥手”；explore“探险”；communicate“沟通”。
17. D 参见上题解析。deal with“处理”；watch over“监视”；pick up“举起”；give out“分发”。
18. C 作者感谢别人，分发了一些纸折的鸽子，这让那个年轻人很感兴趣（interested）。
19. B 根据上下文可知，作者不是老人的家人。再根据“but then again”可知，作者此处是说难道我们不都是家人（families）吗？
20. C 根据上文中的“He nodded”可知，年轻人笑了笑，表示赞同（agreement）。excitement“兴奋”；disappointment“失望”；argument“争论”。
Day Four
【写作实战】
（一）
Dear Tom,
In order to make good use of the coming winter holiday, I have worked out a plan for my English study. Here, I’m writing to share it with you and I hope that you can give me some advice.
As for my English study plan, it includes mainly three aspects. To begin with, finishing every piece of homework is a must, which can help me review what I have learnt effectively. Besides, I’ll set aside some time to watch at least five movies to improve my listening and speaking skills. What’s more, I’d like to keep my diary in English on a daily basis. What do you think of my plan above Would you please offer me some suggestions
Thanks a lot. I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.
Yours,
Li Hua
（二）
Dear Lily,
I am sorry to hear that there are some problems between you and your friend Lucy. I would like to share my thoughts with you.
Lucy didn’t lose your book on purpose, did she If she didn’t, she might be as sad as you are now. You are friends. Do you want to lose such a good friend just because of a lost book As for the book, I advise you to have a look at the bookstore. Maybe they have the same one as yours. So you can buy a new one.
We can buy a new book but can we buy a friend Friends are important in our life. I sincerely hope you and Lucy can make up soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
Day Five
【外刊精读】
一、选择合适的介词填空
1. with 2. of 3. out 4. within 5. than
二、语篇填空（每空一词）
1. watching/observing 2. published 3. conducted
4. challenged 5. prove 6. reconsider

展开更多......

收起↑