资源简介

(共72张PPT)
教材版本：人教
册别单元：B1U5
A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. — Vygotsky
principle
escape
reward
opinion
attack
release
equal
active
一词多义
英语释义
一词多义
搭配义
辨析义
搭配义
一词多义
一词多义
一词多义
重难点词
一词多义
principle
英国作家史蒂文森说：“为原则而斗争比实践该原则要容易。”你认为他说的有道理吗？
做人要有原则，你认为做人的基本原则有哪些呢？
principle语义网络
事物的基本原则
做人做事的原则
事物运作的科学原则
原理；原则
道德准则；
行为准则
(机器等的) 工作原理；
(自然界的) 定律；法则
基本义
由物到人
由一种事物到另一种事物
principle /5prInsEpl/
英语释义帮助理解
[C] 原理；原则 the basic idea that a plan or system is based on：
the basic principle
基本原理 / 基本原则
Excellent customer service should be our guiding principle.
优质的客户服务应该成为我们的指导原则。
R1 n
[C] & [U] 道德准则；行为准则 a moral rule or belief about what is right and wrong, that influences how you behave：
a man of principle 有原则的人
I refuse to lie about it; it’s against my principles. 我绝不为此事撒谎，那有悖我的原则。
She’d never ask to borrow money, on principle. 原则上，她从不向别人借钱。
注意搭配
[C] (机器等的) 工作原理；(自然界的) 定律；法则 a general or scientific law that explains how sth works or why sth happens：
Archimedes’ principle 阿基米德定律
These machines both work on the same principle. 这两台机器的工作原理是相同的。
in principle
理论上；原则上：
I agree with it in principle but I doubt if it will happen in practice. 理论上我同意，但是不知道实际上能否可行。
大体上；基本上：
We agree with it in principle but we still need to discuss the details. 我们大体上同意但是仍需讨论细节。
principle vs principal
principle与principal发音相同，它们是同音异形词。principle作名词，表示“原理；原则”。
principal用作名词时，用来指组织或者团体中最高等或者最重要的人，比如“大学校长；中小学校长”。
Part I 基础训练
一、写出下列句子中principle的汉语释义。
1. In this lesson, you will learn the basic principles of art.
2. From then on I’ve always tried to follow the principle in my
life and later in running my company.
3. No one can fail to stand in awed (令人敬畏的) admiration
of the great discoveries of history — Newton’s laws of
motion, Kepler’s principles of planetary movement,
Einstein’s general theory of relativity.
定律
原则
原理
Part II 能力提升
二、根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. Anyway, I can’t cheat him — it’s ___________________
(违背我的原则). (2011 浙江改)
2. He won’t give in as it is a _________________ (原则问题).
3. He’s a man who’s entirely _________________ (没有原则).
4. While Mr Buffett’s advice is sound ________________ (原则上),
it is not easy to put into practice.
5. Dr. Sun Yat-sen developed the well-known “ __________________ (三民主义).”
without principle
matter of principle
against my principles
in principle
Three Principles of the People
escape
你玩过密室脱逃 (Room Escape) 吗？试想一下自己被困在一间门被锁上的房间内，在规定的时间内，必须依靠各种细节进行推理，再加上各种道具的配合才能把里面的每一扇门都打开，最终实现“逃”出去。是不是很有意思？这个游戏也恰恰说明了“escape”这个词最核心的意义： (从……) 逃走。
escape词源
(从…) 逃走（基本义）
escape 语义网络
气体 / 液体等从容器中“逃离”
从抽象的困境中“逃走”
人或动物从被围困的地方“逃走”
逃走；逃跑
逃脱；逃避
(气体、液体等)
泄漏
[C] & [U] 逃跑；逃脱；逃避
（由动词 到名词 ）
[C] 泄漏；出口
（由动词 到名词）
escape
■ v
vi 逃走；逃跑：
The hunter tried to escape from the forest, but he lost his way. 猎人试图逃出森林，但是迷路了。
/I5skeIp/
vt & vi 逃脱；逃避：
escape sb’s attention / notice 逃过某人的注意 / 被某人忽视
A boy escaped unhurt when the fire in his room exploded. 房间里发生火灾时男孩逃了出来，没有受伤。
He narrowly escaped death in an earthquake. 他在一次地震中死里逃生。
escape doing sth:
You are lucky to escape being punished. 你逃脱了惩罚，真走运。
vi (气体、液体等) 泄漏：
A small hole allowed smoke to escape from the top. 一个小孔能让烟从顶部冒出来。 2010 福建
escape from
escape sb’s attention / notice
重要词块
escaped unhurt
escape doing sth
■ n
[C] & [U] 逃跑；逃脱；逃避：
make one’s escape 逃走
He had a narrow escape. 他九死一生。
For her, travel was an escape from the boredom of her everyday life. 对她来说，旅行是一种能从乏味的日常生活中解脱出来的方式。
[C] 泄漏；出口
Can you smell an escape of gas 你能闻到泄漏的煤气味吗？
a fire escape 安全门
小贴士
电脑键盘上的“Esc键”你经常用吗？其实，Esc键就是英语escape的缩写，这个按键也叫做escape key, 起到退出或取消的功能。想一想Esc键和“逃走”有什么联系？
Part I 基础训练
一、写出下列句子中escape的汉语释义。
The air keeping the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming down.
2. As a child he would often escape into a dream world of his
own.
3. Escape from this window and return to the main menu.


4. The lids prevents the escape of poisonous gases.
泄露
逃避
退出
泄露
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Time is something __________ which we can’t escape. (2008 江苏阅读理解)
2. Compared with the __________ (escape) driver, I am proud of what I did. (2014 湖北书面表达)
3. He was lucky to escape __________ (be) killed.
from
escaped
being
Part II 能力提升
三、根据所给提示完成下列句子。
1. Although he thought he could _______________________ (逃过注意) by sitting at the back, he was wrong. (2012 广东)
2. It was reported that two journalists _______________________ (死里逃生) in the air attack.
escape attention
narrowly escaped death
reward
词源解读
reward
■ n
[C] & [U] 报答；报酬；奖赏 sth that you are given
because you have done sth good, worked hard, etc.：
My grandmother says that a good deed is its own reward.
我祖母说善举本身就是回报。 2012 浙江改
This job is difficult, but the financial rewards are
great. 这项工作辛苦，但报酬丰厚。
The school has a system of rewards and punishments
to encourage good behaviour. 学校有奖惩制度来
鼓励良好的行为。
[C] 悬赏金；赏金：
The old lady is offering a reward of $50 to anyone
who finds her cat for her! 不管谁找到她的猫，老
太太都会给50美元的赏金！ 北师大⑤ – 14
/rI5wR:d/
reward 一指因工作、贡献等而得到的“回报”、“报酬”。
二指因给警方提供帮助或帮助他人找回失物而得到的“赏金”。
We should not hope to get rewards without hard work.
不努力工作，我们就别想得到回报。
A $100 reward has been offered for the return of the backpack.
找回背包的人可得到100美元的赏金。
award 指因某种突出的成就而由官方颁发的奖赏或
荣誉，可以是“奖 (品)”、“奖状”、“奖金”等。
He won the Housing Design Award for the year 2011.
他获得了2011年度的住房设计大奖。
He won the award of 1,000 dollars.
他获得了1 000美元的奖金。
prize 指因在某方面作出巨大的贡献或在竞赛、比
赛中胜出而获得的“奖赏”、“奖品”。
the Nobel Prize for Physics / Medicine / Peace
诺贝尔物理学奖 / 医学奖 / 和平奖
She won first prize at the speech contest.
她在演讲比赛中获得了一等奖。
辨 reward, award, prize
■ vt [常用于被动语态] 报答；酬劳；奖赏：
The police will reward whoever provides useful information to catch the robber. 任何人提供有用信息帮助抓住劫匪，警方都将予以奖励。 2014 湖北
The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.
学生们一直努力学习功课，他们的努力最终会带来成功。 2016 北京
rewarding
adj 有益的；有意义的；报酬高的：
When asked for his views about his teaching job,
Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
当被问及对教学工作的看法时，菲利普说它既有趣又有意义。 2012 安徽
/rI5wR:dIN/
Part I 基础训练
一、根据句意选出reward的最佳释义。
a. n [C] & [U] 回报；报酬 sth given in return for sth good or hard work, etc.
b. n [C] 悬赏金；赏金 money given to thank sb for helping the police, returning sth that is lost, etc.
_______ 1. The young woman is offering a reward of $100 to anyone who finds
her bag for her!
_______ 2. Winning the match was just reward for the effort the team had made.
二、选出适当的单词填空。
(reward, award, prize)
1. If a film is very popular and successful, it may compete for the Academy
___________.
2. If you have the best results in a game show, you will gain a(n) ___________.
3. If someone is very kind to you, you can offer him a(n) ___________.
b
a
Award
prize
reward
Part II 能力提升
三、请将下列短语翻译成汉语。
1. ask no reward __________________
2. as a reward for ____________________
3. reward one’s effort ________________
4. reward one’s kindness __________________
5. Students’ respect is the best reward for teachers. __________________
6. She was highly rewarded for her efforts. _________________
不要求报酬
作为对......的酬谢
回报某人的努力
报答某人的好意
对......最好的回报
回报丰厚
元芳，what’s your opinion
opinion
“You are not getting older, you are getting better,” says Dr. Joyce Brothers. This, however, is the kind of doctor who inspires a second opinion.
这是2007年高考天津卷阅读C篇中的两句话，其中的second opinion看起来很简单，是常见的基础词汇，但是理解起来比较困难，甚至容易造成误解。那么second opinion在此处到底是什么意思呢？
opinion语义网络
意见；看法；主张
(群体的) 观点；舆论
专家意见；专业意见
基本义
[C] 意见；看法；主张 what you think about sb / sth (view)：
have / hold an opinion 持有看法
ask for / seek sb’s opinion 征询某人的意见
express / give / offer / voice an opinion 表达主张
In my opinion, learning English is a step-by-step
process. 在我看来，学习英语是一个循序渐进的
过程。
I was wondering if you could share your opinion
about / on this topic. 我想知道您是否能就该话题
谈谈您的看法。2017 浙江
I’ve changed my opinion of her. 我改变了对她的看法。
opinion n
该释义下opinion的搭配很多，常用于写作中
表达“依照某人的看法”时，不要说 according to sb’s opinion，而要说 in sb’s opinion 或 according to sb。
/[5pInj[n/
[U] (群体的) 观点；舆论 what people in general think about sth：
legal / medical opinion
法律 / 医学界的观点
Public opinion is in favour of change.
公众舆论支持改革。
[C] 专家意见；专业意见：
get a lawyer’s opinion on the question
请教律师对这个问题的意见
I’d like a second opinion (= advice from another person) before I make a decision. 在作决定前我想再听听别人的意见。
have a high / low / good / poor opinion of 对……评价高 / 低 / 好 / 差
英语释义帮助理解搭配a second opinion
Part I 基础训练
一、翻译下列词块。
1) 在某人看来 _______________
2) 征求某人的意见 _______________
3) 某人的个人观点 _______________
Part II 能力提升
二、根据汉语提示，完成下列句子。
1) Everyone has the right to ___________________ (表达观点).
2) The media has a powerful influence on _______________ (舆论).
3) Whether or not this is useful is __________________ (看法问题).
in sb’s opinion
ask (for) sb’s opinion
sb’s personal opinion
express an opinion
public opinion
a matter of opinion
attack
图中是一句意大利谚语“The best defense is attack.”。这句话在美国总统大选尘埃落定前体现得淋漓尽致。两场候选人电视辩论中，希拉里和特朗普面对面开撕，互相进行人身攻击 (personal attack)。
attack词源
attack (v)的词源义为“参加（战斗）”，其基本义可以引申为“攻击”
attack语义网络
攻击
(基本义)
“攻击”具体的人或事物
对人精神上的“攻击”
病、虫、化学物对人或物的“攻击”
侵袭；侵蚀
抨击
攻击；进攻
提示：在不同的语境中，因“攻击”的主体和对象不同，又衍生出了不同的释义。因此，要牢记基本义，把握从基本义到衍生义的规律。
图示attack词义
攻击；进攻
抨击
(病、虫、化学物等) 侵袭；侵蚀
vt & vi 攻击；进攻：
Travelers should not feed the wild animals in a close distance because they may attack people. 旅游者不应该近距离喂野生动物，因为它们有可能会袭击人。 2014 江西改
Snakes will only attack if you disturb them. 蛇只有在受到骚扰时才会主动攻击。
vt 抨击 to criticize sb / sth strongly：
His remarks were attacked in the newspaper. 他的言论在报纸上受到抨击。
vt (疾病、虫、化学物等) 侵袭；侵蚀：
Recently, the H7N9 bird flu has attacked many cities.
H7N9型禽流感最近侵袭了许多城市。
■ v
基本义
由具体到抽象
由物到物
attack / /
■ n
[C] & [U] 攻击；进攻：
an air attack 空袭
make fierce attacks against / on 对…发动猛烈攻击
When a plant is under attack, it sends out certain chemicals. 当植物遭受侵害时，会释放出某些化学物质。 2017 全国改
[C] & [U] 抨击：
a personal attack 人身攻击
[C] (疾病等) 侵袭；发作：
He suffered a heart attack. 他心脏病发作了。
借助动词释义理解名词释义
动词释义
动词释义
动词释义
◆ 掌握常见搭配air attack，attack on / against，under attack，a heart attack。
一、写出下列句子中attack的汉语释义。
1. So sudden was the attack that the enemy had no time to escape. (2009 山东)
2. Plants grow more slowly in acidic (酸性的) soil, and also become easily attacked by diseases. (2009 江苏)
3. The police have been strongly attacked for not taking immediate action.
4. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. (2016 北京)
5. Her heart began to beat wildly, as if she were having a panic (恐慌) attack.
练一练
攻击；袭击
侵袭
抨击
袭击
侵袭
Part I 基础训练
Part II 能力提升
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. The company has _________ attack for its decision to cut down its staff.
2. He told me that I’d probably have _________ heart attack unless I started eating less.
3. The traveler may fire at a wild beast to protect himself in case he _____________ (attack). (2014 江西)
4. Milles’s most famous play, Death of a Salesman, is a powerful attack _______________ the American system. (2011 山东)
under
a
is attacked
on / against
*release
词源解读
*release R3
/rI5li:s/
■ n
[U] [可用单数] 放走；释放；排放；宣泄：
a release from prison 从狱中释放
the release of homing pigeons 放飞信鸽
[U] [可用单数] 发行；发布：
The software is planned for release in April.
该软件计划于四月份发布。
[C] 发行的影片等；发布的新闻等：
the latest release 最新发行的产品
press releases 新闻稿
Part I 基础训练
一、请将下列短语翻译成汉语。
1. press releases __________
2. sign a release __________
3. release information __________
4. release a new film __________
5. release prisoners of war _____________________
6. release the creative powers of the people ____________________
新闻稿
签发释放令
透露消息
发行新影片
释放战俘
激发人民的创造性
Part II 能力提升
二、根据汉语提示补充完整下列句子。
He ____________________ (放开了她的胳膊).
2. Don’t ______________________________ (放开绳索).
3. The prisoner was questioned _______________(在他获得释放之前).
4. The new film will _____________________ (将于下个月发行).
5. After my examination I had __________________(如释重负).
6. The trainer ________________________________ (把鲸鱼放归大海).
released her arm
release (your hold on) the rope
before his release
be released next month
a feeling of release
released the whale into the sea
equal
如图所示，法律面前人人“平等”，那究竟什么是“平等”呢？
equal词源
equal (adj )的词源义为“相等的；同样的”
equal语义网络
相等的；同样的；相同的
(词源义)
平等的
由物到人
物与物之间
人与人之间
■ adj
相同的；同样的；相等的：
equal in size / length / height = of equal size / length / height
同等大小/ 长度 / 高度
They believe that all work is of equal value.
他们认为所有工作都具有同等价值。
平等的：
All human beings are equal. 人人平等。 外研③ – 5
该词块曾在高考听力理解中出现
equal / /
be equal to语义衍生网络
与…相等 / 平等：
(基本义)
质量上“与…相等 / 平等”
能力上“与…相等 / 平等”
能胜任：
与…同样出色；比得上：
由具体到抽象
与…相等 / 平等：
The rent was equal to half his monthly income. 这租金相当于他半个月的收入。
与…同样出色；比得上：
The architecture here is equal to any in the world.
这里的建筑堪与世界上任何同类建筑相媲美。
能胜任 (be up to)：
He is equal to anything. 他无所不能。
该词块在高考阅读理解中多次出现
be equal to
vi & vt 等于；比得上：
Three times nine equals twenty-seven. 3乘9等于27。
No one equals him in strength.
论力气，谁也比不上他。
n [C] 同等的人 / 物：
Let x be the equal of y. 设x等于y。
When it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal.
在战术方面谁也比不上蚂蚁。 2015 安徽
该词块在高考中多次出现
词汇拓展
equality
n [U] 相等；平等：
equality between the sexes 男女平等
racial equality 种族平等
equally
R3 adv 相等地；同样地；平等地：
People are born equal and should be treated equally. 人生来平等，应该同等对待。
练一练
1) Sixty minutes _______________ (等于) an hour.
2) All the beach houses are ______________________ (大小一样).
3) You can only exchange it for something else _______________ (同等价值的). (2010 上海)
4) Armstrong _______________ (没谁比得上) when it came to playing the American popular song.(2007 陕西)
5) Men and women must _______________ (平等地对待) in education and employment. (2014 陕西)
Part I 基础训练
一、根据所给汉语完成下列句子。
of equal value
equal in size
had no equal
is equal to
be treated equally
1) All men were equal at birth. (2010 江西)
2) Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories. (2007 四川)
3) Armstrong learned from the older musicians and soon became respected as their equal. (2007 陕西)
4) Fitness is important in sport, but of at least equal importance are skills. (2006 天津)
Part II 能力提升
二、翻译下面各句中下划线的部分。
生而平等
比得上
和他们一样受尊敬的人
至少同等重要
active
《理智与情感》是英国女作家简·奥斯汀创作的长篇小说。该作品讲述了埃莉诺和玛丽安两姐妹生在一个英国乡绅家庭，姐姐善于用理智来控制情感，妹妹的情感却毫无节制。因此，面对爱情，她们作出了不同的反应。我们先来读一读小说中的一段英文： In the promotion of this subject, she was zealously (狂热地) active, as far as her ability reached, and missed no opportunity of projecting weddings among all the young people of her acquaintance （相识的人）.
学者孙志礼的译文：
她撮合起这种事情来，只要力所能及，总不辞辛劳，十分热心。只要是她认识的青年人，她从不错过一次说媒拉纤的机会。
评：通过这样短短的一段译文，一个活跃的媒婆形象跃然于纸上。
活跃的
（基本义）
active 语义网络
事物活跃的
参与活动活跃的、积极的
人的思想或体力活跃的、积极的
(行动、思想) 活跃的
积极 (参与) 的
起作用的；(火山等) 活的

在语法上表示主动的这一概念
[语法] 主动的
由具体到抽象
由人到物
(行动、思想) 活跃的 ：
a child with a very active imagination
想象力很丰富的孩子
Being an active young person, I like sports and outdoor activities. 作为一个活跃的年轻人，我喜欢体育运动和户外活动。 2011 辽宁书面表达
active adj
反 inactive
/5AktIv/
积极 (参与) 的：
Encourage students to take an active part in discussions. 鼓励学生积极参与讨论。
You should take active steps to make your dreams come true. 你应该积极采取行动，实现自己的梦想。
be active in (doing) sth:
She has been active in local education for many years. 多年来，她一直积极参与当地的教育事业。
起作用的；(火山等) 活的：
medicine that is active against cold 抗感冒药
an active volcano 活火山
[语法] 主动的 ：
“Tom told me.” is an active sentence, and “I was told by Tom.”
is passive. “汤姆告诉我。”是主动句，
“我被汤姆告知。”是被动句。
反 passive
词汇拓展
actively
adv 活跃地；积极地：
She was actively looking for a job.
她正努力找工作。
activity n
[C] [常用复数] (出于爱好的) 活动 a thing that you do for interest or pleasure：
outdoor activities 户外活动
Sailing is an activity I much enjoy. 帆船运动是我非常喜爱的活动。
After-class activities are treated as an essential part of school life. 课外活动被视为学校生活不可或缺
的一部分。
/5AktIvli/
词汇拓展
[C] & [U] (有组织的、有目的的) 活动 a thing that you do in order to achieve a particular aim：
fund-raising activities 筹款活动
[U] (正在进行的或正在做的) 活动 a situation in which sth is happening or a lot of things are happening or being done：
The streets were noisy and full of activity. 街道上一片喧嚣与忙碌。
Regular physical activity helps to control your weight.
经常进行体育活动有助于控制体重。
Part I 基础训练
一、写出下列句子中active的汉语释义。
1. While a person is asleep, a part of his brain is still
active. __________
2. They took active steps to prevent the spread of the
disease. _________
3. The virus (病毒) is still active in the blood. _______
4. In the sentence “The dog bit me”, the verb is active. _______
活跃的
积极的
起作用的
主动的
练一练
Part II 能力提升
二、翻译下列句子。
Students should ____________________ (积极参与) college
life.
2. We’re ____________________ (积极采取措施) to deal with the problem.
3. Grandpa Ma is in his eighties, but he ____________________ (任然积极参加) sports.
4. At the present rate of growth, Facebook will have more than 200 million ____________________ (活跃用户) by this time next year.
5. You’ve got to try to ____________________ (保持活跃) as you grow older. 6. I’ve been ____________________ (积极地) looking for a job for six months.
is still active in
take an active part in
taking active steps
active users
keep active
actively

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