资源简介

新疆师大附中2022届高三年级一模仿真训练四
英语试卷
测试时间：100分钟 全卷满分：150分
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Canadian journeys
Travel brings the joy of new worlds, different ways of living, art, and storytelling over shared meals. Often we seek travel in a foreign country to brighten our life this way. But over the past decades, Canadian hosts have developed exceptional experiences that explore geography and diverse cultures closer to home.
At Maple Leaf Adventures, we’ve been part of that evolution(演变) of travel on the West Coast. We design locally run and environmentally conscious trips that are off the beaten track. The following are some short getaways and longer journeys we’ve developed to take you away from everyday life and into the magic of discovering beauty, ideas and joy in attractive places.
Wild BC Coastal Summer
These 5-to-9-day trips along the wild outer coast explore whales and other marine mammals (海洋哺乳动物), and the remote beaches and rainforest inlets that make British Columbia (BC) an impressive nature getaway. Every July and August, charging $4, 500 per person plus taxes.
Great Bear Rainforest
These 5-to-9-day trips explore the fjords (峡湾) and islands of the world's largest temperate rainforest. Highlights include bears, coastal wolves, whales and new research uncovering their wonders. Every spring, summer and fall, charging $5,300 per person plus taxes.
Salish Sea Culinary (烹饪的) Adventures
Explore the breadth of BC food drinks, people and places through these 5-day culinary adventures in the beautiful southern Vancouver Island / Salish Sea region. Every October, charging $3, 200 per person plus taxes.
Haida Gwaii
These 8-day adventures explore the breadth of Haida Gwaii, from ancient to modern, north to south, rainforest to outer islands, including a week in Gwaii Haanas, a place of some well-known Haida village sites. Typically, each spring and summer, charging $6,950 per person plus taxes.
1. Who might be the author of the text
A. A villager from Gwaii Haanas.
B. A tourist traveling on the West Coast.
C. A travel agent of Maple Leaf Adventures.
D. A Canadian working in a foreign country.
2. What do we know about the tour of Great Bear Rainforest
A. It is available in all seasons except winter.
B. It is especially designed for bear lovers.
C. It provides food and drinks for free.
D. It charges no taxes.
3. Of the following trips, which one would cost a tourist the least
A. Haida Gwaii.
B. Great Bear Rainforest.
C. Wild BC Coastal Summer.
D. Salish Sea Culinary Adventures.
B
For as long as I can remember, I’ve been coming up with ambitious little business ideas. The Eco Denim Movement is the fourth business I’ve founded. Last year, I built this business on three strong passions of mine: business, op-shopping and saving our world. Recently, I did a project on the cotton industry and found out some true facts in the production phases of cotton. I couldn't believe that a single pair of jeans took around 10,000 litres of water to produce.
My project promotes slow fashion and encourages people to purchase my used and repurposed denim (斜纹粗棉布). The denim industry is one of the biggest water consumers in our world — there are 2.7 billion people in our world currently facing water scarcity (缺乏). Every year, the denim industry uses over 12 trillion litres of water. This is enough to supply each of those 2.7 billion people with 4 years' worth of water. Reselling denim, which has already made it through the water-draining production stages, means that with every purchase of secondhand jeans over brand new ones we are saving 10,000 litres of valuable water.
I've sourced denim from my family, friends and op-shops all over Adelaide — the capital city of the state of South Australia. But the most difficult part about starting my business as a girl was that there were a lot of expenses involved in starting up: buying all the pieces of denim, getting all the equipment required for my business, and purchasing my website domain (域名). However, that didn’t stop me. No one is ever too young to start a business. So many people feel like they are not skilled enough or don’t have the brains to start a business, but that’s not true! All you need to start a successful business is ambition and a whole lot of passion.
4. How did the fact mentioned in paragraph 1 make the author feel
A. Ashamed. B. Confused.
C. Shocked. D. Relieved.
5. What do the figures in paragraph 2 suggest
A. The popularity of slow fashion.
B Different methods of saving water.
C. Huge profits from selling used jeans.
D. The significance of reselling denim.
6. What was a major headache for the author while starting her business
A. The tight budget. B. The source of denim.
C. Her lack of practical experience. D. Bitter opposition from her family.
7. What can we say about the author
A. She is a girl of determination.
B. She is too young to do business.
C. She shows no interest in shopping.
D. She is a kind-hearted and generous girl.
C
Human laughter is common, but it’s a somewhat unexplained part of our evolution. It’s clear to evolutionary scholars that we laugh as a part of play, signaling our cooperation or friendliness. But how did laughter evolve And are humans the only ones who do it Not a chance: Animals laugh too, researchers have observed.
In a new article published in the journal Bioacoustics, Sasha Winkler, a graduate student from UCLA and Greg Bryant, a professor of communication at UCLA, take a closer look at the phenomenon of laughter across the animal kingdom. The pair examined the existing scientific literature on animal play behavior, looking for mentions of vocal(声音的）play signals---or what might be thought of as laughter. They found such vocal play behavior documented in at least 65 species. That list includes a variety of primates(灵长类动物), domestic cows and dogs, foxes, and seals, as well as three bird species.
"This work lays out nicely how a phenomenon once thought to be particularly human turns out to be closely tied to behavior shared with species separated from humans by tens of millions of years," Bryant said.
The researchers looked for information on whether the animal vocalizations were recorded as loud or quiet, short or long, a single call or a rhythmic pattern---seeking known features of play sounds. There's much existing documentation of play-based body language among animals, such as what is known as "play face" in primates or "play bows" in dogs, the researchers noted. Since what makes up "play" in much of the animal kingdom seems savage behavior in some ways, which often looks like fighting, play sounds can help emphasize non-aggression during such physical moments, the article suggests.
While Winkler and Bryant say that further observation and research into vocalizations would be fruitful, they also note that such observations can be hard to come by in the wild, especially for animals whose play sounds might be quieter. Paying attention to other species in this way helps to explain the form and function of human laughter, the researchers write, and helps us to better understand the evolution of human social behavior.
8. Which question does the author try to answer in the text
A. Can animals understand human laughter
B. How did laughter evolve
C. Why do humans laugh
D. Do animals laugh
9. What have Winkler and Bryant found
A. Primates have unique ways to hunt.
B. Animals laugh more than humans do.
C. Many animals can make play sounds.
D. Birds tend to be more active than dogs.
10. What does the underlined word" savage" in paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Friendly. B. Violent. C. Illegal. D. Individual.
11. What is the main purpose of this text
A. To report a research result.
B. To encourage readers to laugh a lot.
C. To give a brief introduction of primates.
D. To discuss the human-animal relationship.
D
Cengiz Ozek sits at his desk in the poorly lit back office of his shadow theater near Taksim Square in central Istanbul. The theater is one of the last in operation in the city. He holds a piece of camel leather, a sheet of paper with some drawings on it, and a small cutter. In front of him are a few bottles of paints that he will use to create jointed puppets(皮影人偶). Ozek, one of the most influential contemporary Turkish puppeteers, hopes to appeal to a younger audience and boost the culture of Turkish shadow theater.
“There might be around 50 people, more or less, who do shadow theater in Turkey today, but only five or six of them are real professionals who are completely devoted to it," says Ozek while he works on a figure of Karagoz, the most famous figure in Turkish shadow theater---so famous is the character that the art itself is often called Karagoz.
To date, scholars have not been able to determine where this type of theater began to exist. Suggestions range from China to Central Asia, and from India to Byzantine Greece. Some scholars have focused on Bursa, the first capital city of the Ottoman Empire(奥斯曼帝国), and believe that the two main characters, Hacivat and Karagoz, were real people who lived in that city at the time. The two men were construction workers who often told jokes to amuse their co-workers, resulting in delays in the completion of their work. In the end, they were sentenced to death. However, the people of Bursa missed them so much that they began to tell their stories in the form of puppetry.
Ozek wants to open a Karagoz museum in his city in order to keep this art alive. He’s also developing new characters to catch the attention of children. "We first try to attract them with modern characters that they know and while they’re watching, suddenly we bring out Karagoz," Ozek says. "We introduce him to them once again. When they watch it, they are satisfied, and we are happy as well. And like that, Karagoz survives in a way."
12. What is Ozek doing according to paragraph 1
A. He is making some puppets.
B. He is watching a puppet show.
C. He is taking a rest in his office.
D He is performing for his audience.
13. What can be learned about Turkish shadow theater
A. It came to Turkey from India directly.
B. It first appeared at a construction site.
C. It is now on the path to decline.
D. It is usually known as Hacivat.
14. What is stressed in the third paragraph
A. The influence of shadow theater.
B. The origin of puppetry in Turkey.
C. The history of Bursa as a capital city.
D. The punishment in the Ottoman Empire.
15. Why does Ozek want to open a Karagoz museum
A. To breathe some life into his city.
B. To achieve his childhood dream.
C. To display puppeteers' works.
D. To carry shadow theater on.
第二节 七选五
You’ve been using pens your whole life---to take tests, write checks, and create grocery lists. Even though you may know that the act of writing helps to improve memory, you probably never thought much else about ballpoint pens, including the fact that there’s a hole in the cap. ____16____ Is it a mistake
It’s no mistake. In 1991, companies including BIC began designing each ballpoint pen cap with a tiny hole at the top, leaving many to wonder what it means and the purpose it could possibly serve. ____17____ Besides, it can also protect the user from potential safety risks.
You might imagine that adding a hole to the pen cap would cause the ink to evaporate(蒸发). ____18____ The ventilation(通风) created by the hole actually stabilizes air pressure and keeps the ink from drying out. Now, you should know the real reason. Well, what's the best way to make your ballpoint pens last a long time after every use ____19____
The second reason companies drill that tiny pen cap hole is for safety. If you’ve ever gotten nervous or bored and found yourself chewing on your pen, then you can imagine how the cap could get swallowed(吞咽) accidentally. Or in the case of small children, it could possibly get swallowed on purpose. ____20____
So next time you’re writing down your to-dos, signing a form, or writing in your journal, you can be grateful that the pen companies have taken steps to keep the ink flowing----and keep you from choking, all with one tiny hole.
A. However, the opposite is true.
B. What is a good ballpoint pen
C. Just remember to replace the cap.
D. What in the world is it doing there
E. Either way, the hole is there to prevent choking.
F. Some great products are full of unnecessary additions.
G. As a matter of fact, the hole in the cap helps protect the ink in the pen.
完形填空：
Last summer, I visited my aunt who lived in the countryside. One day, she asked me to accompany her to the ___21___. To tell the truth, I was more than willing to do so. The only___22___part was that I had to get up early by my standards, 6: 00 a.m. ,but I ___23___that. I carried my aunt's ___24___as we walked into the market. It was very busy ___25___ it was so early.
My aunt ___26___the stalls(摊位), looking at different things offered ___27___.Everyone seemed to ___28___ her and greeted her. When some of the vendors(摊贩）asked her about me, my aunt ___29___introduced me to them---a lovely and smart schoolgirl. In the market, there were several strange vegetables I was not able to ____30____. There were even some fruits that I could not recognize. The vendors were ____31____ and willing to let me taste some of the ____32____ fruits. I had so much to ____33____ ! There were also stalls selling scarves, which looked ____34____ and inviting. I bought one for my mother as a ____35____. I believed she would like it very much. ____36____ my aunt bought some chicken and vegetables. Then I ____37____ her to choose some delicious fruits, whose names I ____38____ just a few minutes ago.
My aunt and I carried the ____39____ basket as we walked back home. Walking in the open air in the village gave me a sense of peace and belonging. I really ____40____myself and couldn't wait to pay another visit to the village market the next morning.
21. A. market B. hospital C. school D. countryside
22. A. fun B. exciting C. confusing D. unpleasant
23. A. quit B. forgot C. managed D. deserved
24. A. bag B. basket C. case D. table
25. A. as if B. so that C. in case D. even though
26. A. packed up B. walked around C. set out D. jumped over
27. A. for sale B. in hand C. at times D. by chance
28. A. fear B. admire C. recognize D. trust
29. A. quietly B. formally C. hopefully D. proudly
30. A. taste B. identify C. exchange D. purchase
31. A. friendly B. worried C. angry D. grateful
32 A. tiny B. unripe C. frozen D. unfamiliar
33. A. make B. learn C. teach D. write
34. A. silly B. clean C. colorful D. old-fashioned
35. A. gift B. prize C. comfort D. model
36. A. Anyhow B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Meanwhile
37. A. allowed B. helped C. ordered D. promised
38. A. explained B. imagined C. acquired D. provided
39. A. heavy B. empty C. wrong D. strange
40. A. forgave B. proved C. enjoyed D. reminded
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
More Chinese, ____41____ (especial) young people, are choosing light meals with fewer carbohydrates(淀粉质或糖类食物) and more vegetables. This trend reflects the fact that anxiety over ____42____(appear) is increasing in society, but it also shows people's increased interest in healthier lifestyles.
Jokingly ____43____(refer) to by young people as "chewing grass," light meals are a healthy alternative ____44____ the dietary habits in some parts of China, such as spicy hotpot(麻辣火锅) in Southwest China's Sichuan Province. Lighter food has become a well-known concept in China over the past few years, with more people ____45____(prefer) food with less sugar, oil and salt, as well as a larger amount of vegetables. It also focuses on restoring the original taste of the ingredients(食材) through much ____46____ (simple) cooking.
Now many companies in China have joined the market for light meals____47____(get) a share of the pie. KFC ____48____(open) its first health-conscious eatery, KPRO, in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in 2017. The Chinese retailer(零售商) Luckin Coffee also announced it was entering the light meal industry in 2018, rolling out a series of products such as sandwiches and salads. The topic of "light meals" was ____49____ second hottest topic on Sina Weibo on Tuesday, as people shared their light meal photos on social media. A college student surnamed Chen, ____50____ comes from Beijing, says,“Healthier food is now a popular choice when we go out with our friends. "
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51. 短文改错
One summer day, my father and I was walking our dog through our neighborhood. Half an hour later on, our dog became thirsty. We have to cut our walk short to go home and get it a drink. That's when we got the idea to build the water station in our front yard for the neighborhood dogs to using. My father set out a low table with a few bowl of water and some dog food. We made a sign inviting passers-by and their dogs drop by anytime they needed. Folks have come by to thank them. Some have left notes of appreciate. It’s been an ideally way to feel more connected to our neighbors.
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
52. 假定你是李华，你的外籍笔友Fiona在邮件中说她将要参加一个重要的考试，但是现在感到非常焦虑。请你给她回封邮件，就“如何减轻压力，高效地进行复习”提供一些建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Fiona,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua新疆师大附中2022届高三年级一模仿真训练四
英语试卷
测试时间：100分钟 全卷满分：150分
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Canadian journeys
Travel brings the joy of new worlds, different ways of living, art, and storytelling over shared meals. Often we seek travel in a foreign country to brighten our life this way. But over the past decades, Canadian hosts have developed exceptional experiences that explore geography and diverse cultures closer to home.
At Maple Leaf Adventures, we’ve been part of that evolution(演变) of travel on the West Coast. We design locally run and environmentally conscious trips that are off the beaten track. The following are some short getaways and longer journeys we’ve developed to take you away from everyday life and into the magic of discovering beauty, ideas and joy in attractive places.
Wild BC Coastal Summer
These 5-to-9-day trips along the wild outer coast explore whales and other marine mammals (海洋哺乳动物), and the remote beaches and rainforest inlets that make British Columbia (BC) an impressive nature getaway. Every July and August, charging $4, 500 per person plus taxes.
Great Bear Rainforest
These 5-to-9-day trips explore the fjords (峡湾) and islands of the world's largest temperate rainforest. Highlights include bears, coastal wolves, whales and new research uncovering their wonders. Every spring, summer and fall, charging $5,300 per person plus taxes.
Salish Sea Culinary (烹饪的) Adventures
Explore the breadth of BC food, drinks, people and places through these 5-day culinary adventures in the beautiful southern Vancouver Island / Salish Sea region. Every October, charging $3, 200 per person plus taxes.
Haida Gwaii
These 8-day adventures explore the breadth of Haida Gwaii, from ancient to modern, north to south, rainforest to outer islands, including a week in Gwaii Haanas, a place of some well-known Haida village sites. Typically, each spring and summer, charging $6,950 per person plus taxes.
1. Who might be the author of the text
A. A villager from Gwaii Haanas.
B. A tourist traveling on the West Coast.
C. A travel agent of Maple Leaf Adventures.
D. A Canadian working in a foreign country.
2. What do we know about the tour of Great Bear Rainforest
A. It is available in all seasons except winter.
B. It is especially designed for bear lovers.
C. It provides food and drinks for free.
D. It charges no taxes.
3. Of the following trips, which one would cost a tourist the least
A. Haida Gwaii.
B. Great Bear Rainforest.
C. Wild BC Coastal Summer.
D. Salish Sea Culinary Adventures.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四种不同的加拿大旅行的特色，时间和收费。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“At Maple Leaf Adventures, we’ve been part of that evolution (演变) of travel on the West Coast.(在枫叶冒险，我们已经成为西海岸旅游发展的一部分)”可猜测，这篇文章的作者可能是枫叶探险旅行社的。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Great Bear Rainforest下的“Every spring, summer and fall, charging $5,300 per person plus taxes.(每年春、夏、秋，加税每人5300美元)”可知，大熊雨林之旅除冬天外，在任何季节都可以参加。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Wild BC Coastal Summer下的“Every July and August, charging $4, 500 per person plus taxes.(每年7月和8月，加税每人收取4500美元)”；Great Bear Rainforest下的“Every spring, summer and fall, charging $5,300 per person plus taxes.(每年春、夏、秋，加税每人5300美元)”；Salish Sea Culinary (烹饪的) Adventures下的“Every October, charging $3, 200 per person plus taxes.(每年十月，加税每人收费3200美元)”以及Haida Gwaii下的“Typically, each spring and summer, charging $6,950 per person plus taxes.(一般来说，每年春季和夏季，加税每人收费6950美元)”可知，萨利希海烹饪冒险花费最少。故选D。
B
For as long as I can remember, I’ve been coming up with ambitious little business ideas. The Eco Denim Movement is the fourth business I’ve founded. Last year, I built this business on three strong passions of mine: business, op-shopping and saving our world. Recently, I did a project on the cotton industry and found out some true facts in the production phases of cotton. I couldn't believe that a single pair of jeans took around 10,000 litres of water to produce.
My project promotes slow fashion and encourages people to purchase my used and repurposed denim (斜纹粗棉布). The denim industry is one of the biggest water consumers in our world — there are 2.7 billion people in our world currently facing water scarcity (缺乏). Every year, the denim industry uses over 12 trillion litres of water. This is enough to supply each of those 2.7 billion people with 4 years' worth of water. Reselling denim, which has already made it through the water-draining production stages, means that with every purchase of secondhand jeans over brand new ones we are saving 10,000 litres of valuable water.
I've sourced denim from my family, friends and op-shops all over Adelaide — the capital city of the state of South Australia. But the most difficult part about starting my business as a girl was that there were a lot of expenses involved in starting up: buying all the pieces of denim, getting all the equipment required for my business, and purchasing my website domain (域名). However, that didn’t stop me. No one is ever too young to start a business. So many people feel like they are not skilled enough or don’t have the brains to start a business, but that’s not true! All you need to start a successful business is ambition and a whole lot of passion.
4. How did the fact mentioned in paragraph 1 make the author feel
A. Ashamed. B. Confused.
C. Shocked. D. Relieved.
5. What do the figures in paragraph 2 suggest
A. The popularity of slow fashion.
B. Different methods of saving water.
C. Huge profits from selling used jeans.
D. The significance of reselling denim.
6. What was a major headache for the author while starting her business
A. The tight budget. B. The source of denim.
C. Her lack of practical experience. D. Bitter opposition from her family.
7. What can we say about the author
A. She is a girl of determination.
B. She is too young to do business.
C. She shows no interest in shopping.
D. She is a kind-hearted and generous girl.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. A 7. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者创办了Eco Denim Movement公司，转售二手斜纹粗棉布，这对节省水资源具有很大意义，虽然作者创业时遇到困难，但是这并没有阻止作者，作者依然下定决心要创业成功。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I couldn't believe that a single pair of jeans took around 10,000 litres of water to produce. (我简直不敢相信一条牛仔裤，需要一万升水才能生产出来)”可推知，作者对牛仔裤需要一万升水才能生产出来这样一个事实感到很震惊，C选项“Shocked”(震惊的)符合，A. Ashamed感到羞愧的；B. Confused困惑的；D. Relieved放心的，均不符。故选C。
5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Every year, the denim industry uses over 12 trillion litres of water. This is enough to supply each of those 2.7 billion people with 4 years' worth of water. Reselling denim, which has already made it through the water-draining production stages, means that with every purchase of secondhand jeans over brand new ones we are saving 10,000 litres of valuable water. (每年，牛仔行业都要消耗超过12万亿升的水。这足够为这27亿人提供4年的用水。转售斜纹粗棉布已经跳过了消耗水的生产阶段，这意味着每购买一条二手牛仔裤而不是全新牛仔裤，我们就节省了1万升宝贵的水)”可知，第二段中的这些数字表明了转售斜纹粗棉布具有重要意义，因为可以节约很多宝贵的水。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But the most difficult part about starting my business as a girl was that there were a lot of expenses involved in starting up: buying all the pieces of denim, getting all the equipment required for my business, and purchasing my website domain (域名). (但是当我还是个小女孩的时候，创业最困难的部分就是要花很多钱：购买所有的牛仔布，购买所有的生意所需的设备，以及购买我的网站域名)”可推知，创业时作者最头疼的事就是资金紧缺。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But the most difficult part about starting my business as a girl was that there were a lot of expenses involved in starting up: buying all the pieces of denim, getting all the equipment required for my business, and purchasing my website domain(域名). However, that didn’t stop me. No one is ever too young to start a business. So many people feel like they are not skilled enough or don’t have the brains to start a business, but that’s not true! All you need to start a successful business is ambition and a whole lot of passion. (但是当我还是个小女孩的时候，创业最困难的部分就是要花很多钱：购买所有的牛仔布，购买所有的生意所需的设备，以及购买我的网站域名。然而，这并没有阻止我。没有人会太年轻而不能创业。很多人觉得自己没有足够的技能，或者没有创业的头脑，但事实并非如此！想要成功创业，只需要雄心壮志和满腔热情)”可知，作者虽然创业时遇到困难，但是作者没有放弃，下定决心要创业。由此推知，作者是一个有决心的女孩。故选A。
C
Human laughter is common, but it’s a somewhat unexplained part of our evolution. It’s clear to evolutionary scholars that we laugh as a part of play, signaling our cooperation or friendliness. But how did laughter evolve And are humans the only ones who do it Not a chance: Animals laugh too, researchers have observed.
In a new article published in the journal Bioacoustics, Sasha Winkler, a graduate student from UCLA and Greg Bryant, a professor of communication at UCLA, take a closer look at the phenomenon of laughter across the animal kingdom. The pair examined the existing scientific literature on animal play behavior, looking for mentions of vocal(声音的）play signals---or what might be thought of as laughter. They found such vocal play behavior documented in at least 65 species. That list includes a variety of primates(灵长类动物), domestic cows and dogs, foxes, and seals, as well as three bird species.
"This work lays out nicely how a phenomenon once thought to be particularly human turns out to be closely tied to behavior shared with species separated from humans by tens of millions of years," Bryant said.
The researchers looked for information on whether the animal vocalizations were recorded as loud or quiet, short or long, a single call or a rhythmic pattern---seeking known features of play sounds. There's much existing documentation of play-based body language among animals, such as what is known as "play face" in primates or "play bows" in dogs, the researchers noted. Since what makes up "play" in much of the animal kingdom seems savage behavior in some ways, which often looks like fighting, play sounds can help emphasize non-aggression during such physical moments, the article suggests.
While Winkler and Bryant say that further observation and research into vocalizations would be fruitful, they also note that such observations can be hard to come by in the wild, especially for animals whose play sounds might be quieter. Paying attention to other species in this way helps to explain the form and function of human laughter, the researchers write, and helps us to better understand the evolution of human social behavior.
8. Which question does the author try to answer in the text
A. Can animals understand human laughter
B. How did laughter evolve
C. Why do humans laugh
D. Do animals laugh
9. What have Winkler and Bryant found
A. Primates have unique ways to hunt.
B. Animals laugh more than humans do.
C. Many animals can make play sounds.
D. Birds tend to be more active than dogs.
10. What does the underlined word" savage" in paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Friendly. B. Violent. C. Illegal. D. Individual.
11. What is the main purpose of this text
A. To report a research result.
B. To encourage readers to laugh a lot.
C. To give a brief introduction of primates.
D. To discuss the human-animal relationship.
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。为了研究动物是否会发声，研究人员对动物的笑声现象进行了深入研究，发现至少有65个物种有发声行为，此外，研究者还寻找了动物发声的已知特征。虽然进一步的发声观察和研究会有所收获，但这样的观察在野外是很难进行。
【详解】1.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“But how did laughter evolve And are humans the only ones who do it Not a chance: Animals laugh too, researchers have observed.”(但是笑是如何进化的呢？只有人类会这么做吗？不可能，研究人员观察到，动物也会笑。)可知，文章主要讲述了研究人员通过对动物的笑声现象进行深入研究，发现至少有65个物种有发声行为，此外，研究者还寻找了动物发声的已知特征。由此可知，作者在本文中试图回答了“动物也会发声吗？”这样一个问题，故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The pair examined the existing scientific literature on animal play behavior, looking for mentions of vocal(声音的) play signals---or what might be thought of as laughter. They found such vocal play behavior documented in at least 65 species.”(他们研究了现有的关于动物玩耍行为的科学文献，寻找关于声音玩耍的信号——或者可以被认为是笑的东西。他们发现至少有65个物种，记录了这种发声行为。)可知，Winkler和Bryant发现许多动物可以发出玩耍的声音，故选C。
3.词义猜测题。根据划线单词下文“which often looks like fighting,”(这种行为看起来像打斗)可知，此句是定语从句，先行词是behavior(行为)，所以which代指behavior，所以可以推断出，这种看起来像打斗的行为应该是凶猛的行为，所以划线单词savage应该是“凶猛的”意思，与B选项“Violent.”(有暴力行为的)意思最接近，A. Friendly友好的；C. Illegal非法的；D. Individual个别的，均不符，故选B。
4.推理判断题。通读全文可知，为了研究动物是否会发声，研究人员对动物的笑声现象进行了深入研究，发现至少有65个物种有发声行为，此外，研究者还寻找了动物发声的已知特征。由此可以推断出，文章的主要目的是报告一项研究结果，故选A。
D
Cengiz Ozek sits at his desk in the poorly lit back office of his shadow theater near Taksim Square in central Istanbul. The theater is one of the last in operation in the city. He holds a piece of camel leather, a sheet of paper with some drawings on it, and a small cutter. In front of him are a few bottles of paints that he will use to create jointed puppets(皮影人偶). Ozek, one of the most influential contemporary Turkish puppeteers, hopes to appeal to a younger audience and boost the culture of Turkish shadow theater.
“There might be around 50 people, more or less, who do shadow theater in Turkey today, but only five or six of them are real professionals who are completely devoted to it," says Ozek while he works on a figure of Karagoz, the most famous figure in Turkish shadow theater---so famous is the character that the art itself is often called Karagoz.
To date, scholars have not been able to determine where this type of theater began to exist. Suggestions range from China to Central Asia, and from India to Byzantine Greece. Some scholars have focused on Bursa, the first capital city of the Ottoman Empire(奥斯曼帝国), and believe that the two main characters, Hacivat and Karagoz, were real people who lived in that city at the time. The two men were construction workers who often told jokes to amuse their co-workers, resulting in delays in the completion of their work. In the end, they were sentenced to death. However, the people of Bursa missed them so much that they began to tell their stories in the form of puppetry.
Ozek wants to open a Karagoz museum in his city in order to keep this art alive. He’s also developing new characters to catch the attention of children. "We first try to attract them with modern characters that they know, and while they’re watching, suddenly we bring out Karagoz," Ozek says. "We introduce him to them once again. When they watch it, they are satisfied, and we are happy as well. And like that, Karagoz survives in a way."
12. What is Ozek doing according to paragraph 1
A. He is making some puppets.
B. He is watching a puppet show.
C. He is taking a rest in his office.
D. He is performing for his audience.
13. What can be learned about Turkish shadow theater
A. It came to Turkey from India directly.
B. It first appeared at a construction site.
C. It is now on the path to decline.
D. It is usually known as Hacivat.
14. What is stressed in the third paragraph
A. The influence of shadow theater.
B. The origin of puppetry in Turkey.
C. The history of Bursa as a capital city.
D. The punishment in the Ottoman Empire.
15. Why does Ozek want to open a Karagoz museum
A. To breathe some life into his city.
B. To achieve his childhood dream.
C. To display puppeteers' works.
D. To carry shadow theater on.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了土耳其皮影戏的起源，衰落以及一些人为了保留皮影所做的努力。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He holds a piece of camel leather, a sheet of paper with some drawings on it, and a small cutter. In front of him are a few bottles of paints that he will use to create jointed puppets(皮影人偶).”(他手里拿着一块骆驼皮，一张纸，上面有一些画，还有一把小刀。在他面前的是几瓶颜料，他将用来制作皮影人偶。)可知，Ozek手里拿着一块骆驼皮，一张纸，上面有一些画，还有一把小刀，他前面还有颜料，他将用这些颜料来制作皮影人偶，由此可知，Ozek正在做皮影人偶，故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The theater is one of the last in operation in the city.”(这个剧院是这个城市最后一个运营的剧院。)和第二段中的“There might be around 50 people, more or less, who do shadow theater in Turkey today, but only five or six of them are real professionals who are completely devoted to it,”( 在土耳其的皮影剧院大约有50人左右从事皮影戏，但其中只有五六个人是真正的专业人士，全身心地投入到皮影戏中,)可知，土耳其皮影剧院只有一个在运营，且如今土耳其大约有50人左右从事皮影戏，但其中只有五六个人是真正的专业人士，由此可以推断出土耳其皮影剧院正在衰落，走下坡路，故选C。
3.主旨大意题。根据第三段“To date, scholars have not been able to determine where this type of theater began to exist. Suggestions range from China to Central Asia, and from India to Byzantine Greece. Some scholars have focused on Bursa, the first capital city of the Ottoman Empire(奥斯曼帝国), and believe that the two main characters, Hacivat and Karagoz, were real people who lived in that city at the time. The two men were construction workers who often told jokes to amuse their co-workers, resulting in delays in the completion of their work. In the end, they were sentenced to death. However, the people of Bursa missed them so much that they began to tell their stories in the form of puppetry.”(到目前为止，学者们还不能确定这种剧院的起源。有些人建议起源的范围从中国到中亚，从印度到拜占庭希腊。一些学者把注意力集中在布尔萨，奥斯曼帝国的第一个首都，并且相信当时两个主要人物——哈斯瓦特和卡拉戈兹，是当时居住在那个城市的真实人物。这两个人都是建筑工人，他们经常讲笑话逗同事开心，结果工作拖延完成。最后，他们被判处死刑。然而，布尔萨的人们非常想念他们，以至于他们开始以木偶的形式讲述他们的故事。)可知，第三段主要强调了土耳其木偶戏的起源。故选B。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Ozek wants to open a Karagoz museum in his city in order to keep this art alive.”(Ozek想在他的城市开一个Karagoz博物馆，以保持这种艺术的活力。)可知，Ozek想开一个Karagoz博物馆，是为了保持皮影艺术的活力，希望皮影剧院能保留下来，故选D。
第二节 七选五
You’ve been using pens your whole life---to take tests, write checks, and create grocery lists. Even though you may know that the act of writing helps to improve memory, you probably never thought much else about ballpoint pens, including the fact that there’s a hole in the cap. ____16____ Is it a mistake
It’s no mistake. In 1991, companies including BIC began designing each ballpoint pen cap with a tiny hole at the top, leaving many to wonder what it means and the purpose it could possibly serve. ____17____ Besides, it can also protect the user from potential safety risks.
You might imagine that adding a hole to the pen cap would cause the ink to evaporate(蒸发). ____18____ The ventilation(通风) created by the hole actually stabilizes air pressure and keeps the ink from drying out. Now, you should know the real reason. Well, what's the best way to make your ballpoint pens last a long time after every use ____19____
The second reason companies drill that tiny pen cap hole is for safety. If you’ve ever gotten nervous or bored and found yourself chewing on your pen, then you can imagine how the cap could get swallowed(吞咽) accidentally. Or in the case of small children, it could possibly get swallowed on purpose. ____20____
So next time you’re writing down your to-dos, signing a form, or writing in your journal, you can be grateful that the pen companies have taken steps to keep the ink flowing----and keep you from choking, all with one tiny hole.
A. However, the opposite is true.
B. What is a good ballpoint pen
C. Just remember to replace the cap.
D. What in the world is it doing there
E. Either way, the hole is there to prevent choking.
F. Some great products are full of unnecessary additions.
G. As a matter of fact, the hole in the cap helps protect the ink in the pen.
【答案】16. D 17. G 18. A 19. C 20. E
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了笔帽上有个洞的原因。
【详解】1.根据上文“Even though you may know that the act of writing helps to improve memory, you probably never thought much else about ballpoint pens, including the fact that there’s a hole in the cap.”(尽管你可能知道写作有助于提高记忆力，但你可能从未想过圆珠笔的其他用途，包括笔帽上有个洞。)和下文“Is it a mistake ”( 这是个错误吗？)可知，空前提出话题，即圆珠笔笔帽上有个洞，空后对笔帽上为什么有洞提出猜测，所以可以推断出，空处应该是提出为什么笔帽上会有洞，D选项“What in the world is it doing there ”(它到底在那里有什么用？)符合，承上启下，故选D。
2.由下文“Besides, it can also protect the user from potential safety risks.”(此外，它还可以保护用户免受潜在的安全风险。)可知，此处提出笔帽上有洞的原因，besides，表示“此外”，说明空前也是笔帽上有洞的原因，G选项“As a matter of fact, the hole in the cap helps protect the ink in the pen.”(事实上，笔帽上的洞有助于保护笔里的墨水。)符合，故选G。
3.由上文“You might imagine that adding a hole to the pen cap would cause the ink to evaporate(蒸发). ”(你可能想象在笔帽上加个洞，会让墨水蒸发掉。)和下文“The ventilation(通风) created by the hole actually stabilizes air pressure and keeps the ink from drying out.”(这个洞产生的通风实际上稳定了空气压力，防止墨水干涸。)可知，空前提到你认为在笔帽上加个洞，会让墨水蒸发掉，空后描述，事实上，这个洞产生的通风实际上稳定了空气压力，防止墨水干涸，这正好与你认为的想反，所以可以推断出，空处应该是过渡句，表示转折，A选项“However, the opposite is true.”(然而，事实正好相反。)符合，承上启下，故选A。
4.由上文“Well, what's the best way to make your ballpoint pens last a long time after every use ”(怎样才能让你的圆珠笔，每次使用后都能坚持很久？)可知，此处提出问题，即如何让你的圆珠笔，每次使用后都能坚持很久，所以空处应该是对此问题进行解答，C选项“Just remember to replace the cap.”(记得把笔帽放回原处。)符合，故选C。
5.由上文“If you’ve ever gotten nervous or bored and found yourself chewing on your pen, then you can imagine how the cap could get swallowed(吞咽) accidentally. Or in the case of small children, it could possibly get swallowed on purpose.”(如果你有过紧张或无聊的时候，发现自己在嚼钢笔，那么你可以想象，帽子是如何被不小心吞下去。或者对于小孩子来说，有可能是故意吞下去的。)可知，此处指出笔帽有可能会被吞下去，所以可以推断出，空处应该是指出笔帽有洞的原因，即可以保护人们，防止窒息，E选项“Either way, the hole is there to prevent choking.”(不管怎样，这个洞是用来防止窒息的。)符合，故选E。
完形填空：
Last summer, I visited my aunt who lived in the countryside. One day, she asked me to accompany her to the ___21___. To tell the truth, I was more than willing to do so. The only___22___part was that I had to get up early by my standards, 6: 00 a.m. ,but I ___23___that. I carried my aunt's ___24___as we walked into the market. It was very busy ___25___ it was so early.
My aunt ___26___the stalls(摊位), looking at different things offered ___27___.Everyone seemed to ___28___ her and greeted her. When some of the vendors(摊贩）asked her about me, my aunt ___29___introduced me to them---a lovely and smart schoolgirl. In the market, there were several strange vegetables I was not able to ____30____. There were even some fruits that I could not recognize. The vendors were ____31____ and willing to let me taste some of the ____32____ fruits. I had so much to ____33____ ! There were also stalls selling scarves, which looked ____34____ and inviting. I bought one for my mother as a ____35____. I believed she would like it very much. ____36____ my aunt bought some chicken and vegetables. Then I ____37____ her to choose some delicious fruits, whose names I ____38____ just a few minutes ago.
My aunt and I carried the ____39____ basket as we walked back home. Walking in the open air in the village gave me a sense of peace and belonging. I really ____40____myself and couldn't wait to pay another visit to the village market the next morning.
21. A. market B. hospital C. school D. countryside
22. A. fun B. exciting C. confusing D. unpleasant
23. A. quit B. forgot C. managed D. deserved
24. A. bag B. basket C. case D. table
25. A. as if B. so that C. in case D. even though
26. A. packed up B. walked around C. set out D. jumped over
27. A. for sale B. in hand C. at times D. by chance
28. A. fear B. admire C. recognize D. trust
29 A. quietly B. formally C. hopefully D. proudly
30. A. taste B. identify C. exchange D. purchase
31. A. friendly B. worried C. angry D. grateful
32. A. tiny B. unripe C. frozen D. unfamiliar
33. A. make B. learn C. teach D. write
34. A. silly B. clean C. colorful D. old-fashioned
35. A. gift B. prize C. comfort D. model
36. A. Anyhow B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Meanwhile
37. A. allowed B. helped C. ordered D. promised
38. A. explained B. imagined C. acquired D. provided
39. A. heavy B. empty C. wrong D. strange
40. A. forgave B. proved C. enjoyed D. reminded
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A 36. D 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲了作者和姑姑一起逛集市的经历。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，她让我陪她去集市。A. market集市；B. hospital医生；C. school学校；D. countryside乡村。由下文“as we walked into the market.”可知，作者陪姑姑去了集市，故选A。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：唯一不愉快的是，按照我平时的起床标准来说，如今我不得不在6点就早早起床，但我做到了。A. fun有趣的；B. exciting令人兴奋的；C. confusing令人困惑的；D. unpleasant使人不愉快的。由下文“I had to get up early by my standards, 6: 00 a.m.”可知，作者早上得早起，所以这是让作者不愉快的事，故选D。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：唯一不愉快的是，按照我平时的起床标准来说，如今我不得不在6点就早早起床，但我做到了。A. quit停止；B. forgot忘记；C. managed管理；设法做到；D. deserved值得。由下文“I carried my aunt's ____4_____as we walked into the market.”和“but”可知，此处表示转折，虽然作者不得不早上6点起床，但作者做到了，故选C。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我提着我姑姑的篮子，我们一起走进集市。A. bag包；B. basket篮子；C. case案件；D. table桌子。由最后一段中的“My aunt and I carried the ___19____basket as we walked back home.”可知，此处指作者提着姑姑的篮子，故选B。
【25题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：即使天还很早，集市已经很热闹了。A. as if好像；B. so that以至于；C. in case以防万一；D. even though即使。由上下文“It was very busy ___5___it was so early.”可知，此处表示让步，应用even though引导让步状语从句，即使天还很早，集市已经很热闹了，故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我姑姑在货摊旁走来走去，看着各种各样在出售的东西。A. packed up打包；B. walked around四出走动；C. set out出发；D. jumped over跳过。由下文“looking at different things”可知，此处指姑姑四处逛要买东西，故选B。
【27题详解】
考查短语词义辨析。句意：我姑姑在货摊旁走来走去，看着各种各样在出售的东西。A. for sale出售；B. in hand在手头；C. at times有时候；D. by chance偶然。由上文“looking at different things offered”和下文“my aunt bought some chicken and vegetables.”可知，市场上各种各样的东西在出售，故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个人似乎都认出了她，向她打招呼。A. fear担心；B. admire钦佩；C. recognize认出；D. trust信任。由下文“greeted her”可知，大家都认出姑姑，所以向她打招呼，故选C。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当一些小贩问起我的时候，我姑姑骄傲地向他们介绍我，说我是一个可爱又聪明的学生。A. quietly安静地；B. formally正式地；C. hopefully有希望地；D. proudly骄傲地。有下文“a lovely and smart schoolgirl”可知，姑姑骄傲地像小贩介绍作者，称作者是一个可爱又聪明的学生，故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在集市上，有几种奇怪的蔬菜，我不能认出来。A. taste品尝；B. identify认出；识别；C. exchange交换；D. purchase购买。由下文“There were even some fruits that I could not recognize.”可知，此处指作者没能认出几种蔬菜，故选B。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：小贩们很友好，愿意让我品尝一些不熟悉的水果。A. friendly友好的；B. worried担心的；C. angry生气的；D. grateful感谢的。由下文“willing to let me taste some of the_____12_____fruits.”可知，小贩们让作者品尝一些水果，这说明小贩们很友好，故选A。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：小贩们很友好，愿意让我品尝一些不熟悉的水果。A. tiny极小的；B. unripe未成熟的；C. frozen结冰的；D. unfamiliar不熟悉的。由上文“taste some of the”可知，小贩们让作者品尝的是作者不熟悉的水果，故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我还有很多东西要学。A. make制作；B. learn学习；C. teach教；D. write写下。由上文“There were even some fruits that I could not recognize.”可知，作者不能认出一些水果和蔬菜，所以可知，作者认为自己仍然有很多东西要学，故选B。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：还有卖围巾的摊位，围巾看起来绚丽多彩，很诱人。A. silly愚蠢的；B. clean干净的；C. colorful绚丽多彩的；D. old-fashioned过时的。由下文“inviting”可知，围巾绚丽多彩，看起来很诱人，故选C。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我给我妈妈买了一个作为礼物。A. gift礼物；B. prize奖品；C. comfort舒服；D. model模型。由上文“I bought one for my mother as a ”和下文“I believed she would like it very much.”可知，作者给妈妈买了一个围巾作为礼物，故选A。
【36题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：同时我姑姑买了些鸡肉和蔬菜。A. Anyhow不管怎样；B. Otherwise否则；C. Therefore因此；D. Meanwhile同时。由下文“my aunt bought some chicken and vegetables.”和“I bought one for my mother as a____15___”可知，作者买了一个围巾，与此同时，姑姑买了一些鸡肉和菜，故选D。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我帮她挑选一些美味的水果，就在几分钟前我才知道这些水果的名字。A. allowed允许；B. helped帮助；C. ordered命令；D. promised承诺。由下文“her to choose some delicious fruits,”可知，作者帮助姑姑挑选了一些水果，故选B。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我帮她挑选一些美味的水果，就在几分钟前我才知道这些水果的名字。A. explained解释；B. imagined想象；C. acquired获得；学到；D. provided提供。由上下文“whose names I______18_______just a few minutes ago.”以及上文提到的作者不认识一些水果可知，此处指作者在几分钟前才知道这些水果的名字，故选C。
【39题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我和姑姑提着重重的篮子走回家。A. heavy重的；B. empty空的；C. wrong错误的；D. strange奇怪的。由上文“my aunt bought some chicken and vegetables. Then I_____18_____her to choose some delicious fruits,”可知，姑姑买了鸡肉，菜和水果，所以说作者和姑姑提着重重的篮子回家，故选A
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我真玩得很开心，迫不及待等着第二天早上再去一趟村里的集市。A. forgave原谅；B. proved证明；C. enjoyed喜欢；D. reminded提醒。由下文“couldn't wait to pay another visit to the village market the next morning.”可知，作者很喜欢逛村里的集市，故选C。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
More Chinese, ____41____ (especial) young people, are choosing light meals with fewer carbohydrates(淀粉质或糖类食物) and more vegetables. This trend reflects the fact that anxiety over ____42____(appear) is increasing in society, but it also shows people's increased interest in healthier lifestyles.
Jokingly ____43____(refer) to by young people as "chewing grass," light meals are a healthy alternative ____44____ the dietary habits in some parts of China, such as spicy hotpot(麻辣火锅) in Southwest China's Sichuan Province. Lighter food has become a well-known concept in China over the past few years, with more people ____45____(prefer) food with less sugar, oil and salt, as well as a larger amount of vegetables. It also focuses on restoring the original taste of the ingredients(食材) through much ____46____ (simple) cooking.
Now many companies in China have joined the market for light meals____47____(get) a share of the pie. KFC ____48____(open) its first health-conscious eatery, KPRO, in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in 2017. The Chinese retailer(零售商) Luckin Coffee also announced it was entering the light meal industry in 2018, rolling out a series of products such as sandwiches and salads. The topic of "light meals" was ____49____ second hottest topic on Sina Weibo on Tuesday, as people shared their light meal photos on social media. A college student surnamed Chen, ____50____ comes from Beijing, says,“Healthier food is now a popular choice when we go out with our friends. "
【答案】41. especially
42. appearance##appearances
43. referred
44. to 45. preferring
46. simpler
47. to get 48. opened
49. the 50. who
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了清淡饮食越来越流行。
【详解】1.考查副词。句意：越来越多的中国人，尤其是年轻人，选择碳水化合物少，蔬菜多的清淡食品。此处应用强调副词especially，表示“尤其”，强调后面的名词短语young people(年轻人)，especial是形容词，表示“特殊的”，故填especially。
2.考查名词。句意：这一趋势反映了社会上对外表的焦虑正在增加，但也表明人们对更健康的生活方式的兴趣正在增加。由介词over可知，此处应用名词appearance，表示“外貌；外表”，且appearance做“外貌；外表”讲时，即可以做可数名词也可以做不可数名词，如果此处当做不可数名词是，应用appearance，如果当做可数名词是，此处表示泛指，应用复数形式appearances，故填appearance或appearances。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意：轻食被年轻人戏称为“嚼草”，在中国的一些地方，轻食是健康的，能替代一些饮食习惯，比如中国西南部四川省的麻辣火锅。分析句子结构可知，空处是非谓语动词做状语，动词refer的逻辑主语是主句主语light meals(轻食)，且二者之间是被动关系，应用refer的过去分词形式referred，故填referred。
4.考查固定搭配。句意：轻食被年轻人戏称为“嚼草”，在中国的一些地方，轻食是健康的，能替代一些饮食习惯，比如中国西南部四川省的麻辣火锅。Alternative to sth.是固定搭配，表示“......的替代”，故填to。
5.考查with复合结构。句意：在过去的几年里，清淡食品在中国已经成为一个众所周知的概念，越来越多的人喜欢少糖、少油、少盐的食物，以及更多的蔬菜。分析句子结构可知，“with more people___________(prefer) food with less sugar, oil and salt, as well as a larger amount of vegetables.”是with复合结构，即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，其中more people做宾语，动词prefer(更喜欢)做宾语补足语，且和宾语的关系是主动关系，所以此处应用prefer的现在分词形式preferring，故填preferring。
6.考查形容词比较级。句意：它还致力于通过更简单的烹饪恢复食材的原味。由空后的名词cooking(烹饪)可知，此处应用形容词，作定语，且由句意可知，此处是指轻食的烹饪更简单，所以应用形容词simple(简单的)比较级simpler，表示“更简单的”，作定语，修饰名词cooking，故填simpler。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意：现在中国的许多公司都加入了这个市场，为了能分得一杯羹。分析句子结构可知，“Now many companies in China have joined the market for light meals”是主句，空处表示目的，应用非谓语动词to get，作状语，故填to get。
8.考查时态。句意：2017年，肯德基在浙江杭州开设了第一家健康餐厅叫做KPRO。分析句子结构可知，空处做谓语，且根据时间标志词in 2017可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，且主语 KFC 和动词open(开业)二者之间是主动关系，所以此处应用open的过去式opened，故填opened。
9.考查冠词。句意：随着人们在社交媒体上分享他们的简餐照片，“简餐”在周二成为新浪微博上第二热门的话题。由空后的second hottest(第二热门的)可知，此处是“the+序数词+形容词最高级”的固定用法，表示“第几最……”，故填the。
10.考查定语从句。句意：一个来自北京的陈姓大学生说，“现在我们和朋友出去时，都吃健康食品，这是很流行的选择”。分析句子结构可知，“__________comes from Beijing”是非限定性定语从句，先行词是A college student(大学生)，指人，在定语从句中做主语，应用who，此处是非限定性定语从句不能用that，故填who。
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51. 短文改错
One summer day, my father and I was walking our dog through our neighborhood. Half an hour later on, our dog became thirsty. We have to cut our walk short to go home and get it a drink. That's when we got the idea to build the water station in our front yard for the neighborhood dogs to using. My father set out a low table with a few bowl of water and some dog food. We made a sign inviting passers-by and their dogs drop by anytime they needed. Folks have come by to thank them. Some have left notes of appreciate. It’s been an ideally way to feel more connected to our neighbors.
【答案】1. was→were 2. 删掉on 3. have→had 4. the→a
5. using→use 6. bowl→bowls 7. 在dogs后加to
8 them→us 9. appreciate→appreciation 10. ideally→ideal
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记述了一个夏天的一天，我和父亲在小区里遛狗，之后我父亲摆了一张矮桌子，上面放了几碗水和一些狗粮，并且做了一个牌子，邀请路人和他们的狗在他们需要的时候来，有些邻居过来感谢这个举动，这样做加强了邻里关系。
【详解】1.考查主谓一致。句意：一个夏天的一天，我和父亲在小区里遛狗。my father and I作主语，谓语动词用复数。故将was改为were。
2.考查介词。句意：半小时后，我们的狗渴了。我们得赶紧回家去拿杯喝的。later on是副词，意思是“较晚地”“后来”，常用于书面语中。later常与一个表示具体时间的名词连用，指从过去或将来某一时间算起的“......后”“......之后”“过了......”。故删掉on。
3.考查时态。句意：我们得赶紧回家去拿杯喝的。由上文前两句可知，这是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故将have改为had。
4.考查冠词。句意：就在那时，我们萌生了在自家前院建水站的想法，供邻居的狗使用。名词短语“water station”是第一次出现在文中，station是可数名词，“water station”在此处表示泛指，且water是辅音音素开头的单词，用a来修饰。故将the 改为a。
5.考查不定式。句意：就在那时，我们萌生了在自家前院建水站想法，供邻居的狗使用。to do在此处作目的状语，故将using改为use。
6.考查名词。句意：我父亲摆了一张矮桌子，上面放了几碗水和一些狗粮。a few 译为：几个；一些，修饰可数名词，表示肯定意义，后接可数名词的复数，并且bowl是可数名词，其复数形式是bowls。故将bowl改为bowls。
7.考查固定用法。句意：我们做了一个牌子，邀请路人和他们的狗在任何需要的时候过来。drop by译为：顺道拜访，invite sb to do sth 译为：邀请某人做某事。故在dogs后加to。
8.考查人称代词。句意：有人来感谢我们。是父亲和我做了这件事情，所以感谢的是我们。故将them改为us。
9.考查名词短语。句意：有些人还留下了感谢信。appreciate为动词，感谢信notes of appreciation是名词短语，appreciate的名词是appreciation。故将appreciate改为appreciation。
10.考查形容词。句意：这是一种理想的方式，让我们感觉与邻居之间更有联系。way是名词，应该用形容词来修饰名词，ideally的形容词是ideal。故将ideally改为ideal。
【点睛】
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
52. 假定你是李华，你的外籍笔友Fiona在邮件中说她将要参加一个重要的考试，但是现在感到非常焦虑。请你给她回封邮件，就“如何减轻压力，高效地进行复习”提供一些建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Fiona,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Fiona,
I'm sorry to learn that you are stressed right now. Don't worry about the exam. I'm sure you will be fine. Here are some tips that may be helpful to you.
In my opinion, you need to make a timetable before studying. Besides, make sure that you include regular breaks in the timetable. Because after getting proper rest, you will work more efficiently. Have you ever thought about getting some exercise to reduce stress, such as going swimming Finally, you should not stay up too late every day, which will do serious harm to your health.
Anyway, I hope things will get better soon.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外籍笔友Fiona回封邮件，就“如何减轻压力，高效地进行复习”提供一些建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：tip→suggestion
有用的：helpful→useful
此外：besides→in addition
对……有害：do harm to→be harmful to
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In my opinion, you need to make a timetable before studying.
拓展句：In my opinion, you need to make a timetable before studying, which can help you properly arrange your time.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Here are some tips that may be helpful to you.(运用了that引导的限定性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Finally, you should not stay up too late every day, which will do serious harm to your health.(运用了which引导的非限定性定语从句)

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