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2022届高考英语专项突破---阅读理解史地人文和新闻报道模拟题
一、阅读理解
With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.
The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.
Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol - one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.
“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”
And what does Nick think “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it Yes, I think I would.”
It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001to 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.
Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they get married.
1．Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol
A．Nick. B．Rita. C．Kathryn D．The daughters.
2．What is Nick’s attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in -law
A．Positive. B．Carefree. C．Tolerant. D．Unwilling.
3．What is the author’s statement about multigenerational family based on
A．Family traditions. B．Financial reports. C．Published statistics. D．Public opinions.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．Lifestyles in different countries. B．Conflicts between generations.
C．A housing problem in Britain. D．A rising trend of living in the UK.
FLORENCE, Italy—Svetlana Cojochru feels hurt. The Moldovan has lived here seven years as a caregiver to Italian kids and elderly, but in order to stay she’s had to prove her language skills by taking a test which requires her to write a postcard to an imaginary friend and answer a fictional job ad.
Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant(移民) population by demanding language skills in exchange for work permits, or in some cases, citizenship.
Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs, such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration(融合). Others say it’s only natural that newcomers learn the language of their host nation, seeing it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society.
Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.
Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigration in recent years. In 1990, immigrants numbered some 1.14 million out of Italy’s then 56.7 million people, or about 2 percent. At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million, or 7.5 percent, with immigrants’ children accounting for an ever larger percentage of births in Italy.
Cojochru, the Moldovan caregiver, hoped obtaining permanent residence(居住权) would help her bring her two children to Italy; they live with her sister in Moldova, where salaries are among the lowest in Europe. She was skeptical that the language requirement would encourage integration.
Italians always ＂see me as a foreigner,＂ an outsider, even though she’s stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently, she said.
5．Why does Cojochru have to take a language test
A．To continue to stay in Italy.
B．To teach her children Italian.
C．To find a better job in Italy.
D．To better mix with the Italians.
6．Some people worry that the new language requirement may ____________.
A．reduce Italy’s population quickly
B．cause conflicts among people
C．lead to financial difficulties
D．put pressure on schools
7．What do we know about Cojochru
A．She lives with her sister now in Italy.
B．She enjoys learning the Italian language.
C．She speaks Italian well enough for her job.
D．She wishes to go back to her home country.
The Victorians’ Way of Having Fun
Whether it was visiting a human zoo, taking a bull on a hot-air balloon ride, or singing beautiful songs, Victorian Londoners loved to have fun. As performance managers came up with increasingly well-designed ways to make money from the capital’s huge potential audience, Victorians effectively invented the modern leisure industry – including theme parks, pubs and professional football. As a new book by historian Lee Jackson explains, the hunt for profit involves surrounding morality, class and empire. So where did Victorians go for fun And what still exists today
Dancing Rooms: Argyll Rooms, Piccadilly
It’s now a building site near Leicester Square, but when the Argyll Rooms lost its licence in 1878, there was a riot (暴乱). Drunken students were so angry at the closure of their favourite place that they took to the streets. The Argyll closed as the dance craze came to an end, and Bignell turned the space into the Trocadero music hall. It kept that name through the 20th century when it was transformed into one of London’s most tasteless tourist attractions. The site currently awaits development into a hotel.
Pleasure gardens: Gremorne Gardens, Chelsea
Gremorne was run by three West End pub owners, popular among the young people then. It closed in 1877 after losing its licence. Pleasure gardens more generally lost their meaning of existence with the establishment of public parks. London’s rapid growth meant the valuable land was usually sold to big companies for other purposes, which is why so little of London’s great pleasure gardens remain.
Pleasure gardens were also overshadowed by larger exhibition grounds such as the Crystal Palace, which tried to find a way of balancing entertainment with cultural education. Little physically remains of the Crystal Palace itself, which moved to Sydenham from Hyde Park in 1854, but the grand 200-acre grounds still exist as a public park.
On the site of the Methodist Central Hall was a short-lived attraction that attempted to transport the seaside to central London. It was railways that made Margate and Southend accessible to Londoners, and some of the leisure activities peculiar to the seaside soon made it back to the capital.
Football grounds: Craven Cottage, Stevenage Road, Fulham
Fulham FC, London’s oldest professional football club, still works at their first ground, built by the Victorians in 1896. Versions of the sport had been around for centuries, but it was the Victorians who created the game and then professionalized it. This led to enclosed grounds where spectators paid for admittance, with the income spent on acquiring new players. The modern game was born.
8．Which of the following is not similar in meaning to “took to the streets” in Para. 2
A．gathered together in the streets B．enjoyed window shopping
C．went outside on the streets D．protested on the streets
9．The reason why fewer great pleasure gardens are left in London is that .
A．people built more factories B．they were turned into farming land
C．the land was sold to developers D．they became university campuses
10．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．The money from football is used to buy new players.
B．London has much on its football history.
C．Fulham F.C．is more than 200 years old.
D．The Victorians have cultivated many footballers.
11．Which of the following is the main idea of this passage
A．The building of railways led to the theme parks.
B．The West End’s gardens became big hotels.
C．The Victorians largely invented modern leisure industries.
D．The income from modern football supports new players.
When “Rise of the Planet of the Apes” was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren’t there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!”
The creative team behind “Apes” used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.
Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants,” “The Hangover Part Ⅱ” and “Zookeeper,” have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly.
In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.
12．Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard
A．To see famous film stars.
B．To oppose wearing fur coats.
C．To raise money for animal protection.
D．To express thanks to some filmmakers.
13．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．The cost of making “Apes.”
B．The creation of digitalized apes.
C．The publicity about “Apes.”
D．The performance of real apes.
14．What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Listing completely.
B．Directing professionally.
C．Promoting successfully.
D．Watching carefully.
15．What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors
A．They may be badly treated.
B．They should take further training.
C．They could be traded illegally
D．They would lose popularity.
Ant Forest, a green initiative by the world’s leading payment and lifestyle platform Alipay, received the “U.N. Champions of the Earth” award, the UN’s highest environmental honor. It was given to Ant Forest for motivating half a billion people to adopt an eco-friendly and greener lifestyle, greatly contributing to ecological protection with the help of digital technology.
Alipay achieved this by inspiring its users to do environmentally-friendly things, such as walking, using public transportation, going paperless in the office and more to earn “green energy points”. These points can then be used to water and grow their own virtual young trees. After the virtual young trees have grown up on line, Ant Forest will plant real trees somewhere in China.
The number of Ant Forest users has reached 350 million, reducing 3 million tons of carbon dioxide. “Such programs are quite attractive to me. I feel satisfied to see a real tree planted just by doing some simple things such as riding bicycles and buying tickets online,” said an interviewee.
This initiative of Ant Forest is in line with the Chinese government’s strategy of a “Green Economy”. The country is taking aggressive actions in expanding its green coverage. Now, its efforts are paying off, with improved biodiversity and a healthier economic growth. Rare animal species have been spotted and forest parks are now popular attractions of tourism.
The planet is at a critical point which could result in natural disasters. It seems clear that unless governments, businesses and people form a focused team, it’s difficult to stop global warming. Fortunately, Ant Forest shows that it is possible to make joint efforts while relying on digital technology. And more initiatives are using technology to contribute to a sustainable future of the planet.
16．What was Ant Forest given the award for
A．It brings convenience to people’s lives.
B．It is run by the world’s leading payment platform.
C．It technically assists many people to protect ecology.
D．It has made the greatest contribution to global development.
17．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．How Alipay makes profits.
B．How Ant Forest is carried out.
C．What a low-carbon life is like.
D．Why Alipay takes up the initiative.
18．What can we infer from the text
A．350 million people have planted real trees.
B．Promoting tourism can help save animals.
C．China keeps a balance between economy and ecology.
D．The expansion of green coverage mainly results from Ant Forest.
19．How docs Ant Forest contribute to the sustainable future
A．By criticizing natural disasters.
B．By stopping the global warming.
C．By providing a platform to make joint efforts.
D．By encouraging people to donate money to plant trees.
Initially South Korea had been doing well against the virus, but in August, the number of reported infections nearly doubled, from 56 to 103, in just two days. It reached a peak of 441 cases on August 26 before ticking back down to at least 100 new infections ger day. That month, the health ministry banned large gatherings and shut nightclubs, churches and beaches to turn the tide.
Under such a terrible situation, many restaurants have taken effective measures to cope with it. For example, No Brand Burger, a fast-food chain in South Korea, is using robots to take orders, prepare food and bring meals out to diners. As a result, customers can avoid any interaction with a human server during the pandemic （疫'情）.
Customers order and pay via touchscreen, and then their request is sent to the kitchen where a cooking machine heats up the buns and patties. When it's ready, a robot “waiter” brings out their takeout bag. Human workers add toppings to the burgers and wrap them up in takeout bags before passing them over to serving robots.
Last month, takeout orders at No Brand Burger accounted for 58 percent total sales, up from 42 percent in July, according to the chain's parent company, Shinsegae Food. After a recent second wave of coronavirus infections, restaurants in South Korea were only allowed to provide takeout and delivery after 9 p. m. —a restriction that was only lifted Monday. Other restaurants in Asia have started employing robot servers during the pandemic.
In South Korea, the Italian restaurant chain Mad for Garlic is using serving robots even, for sit-down customers. Using 3D space mapping and other technology, the electronic “waiter”, known as Aglio Kim, navigates between tables with up to five orders. Mad for Garlic manager Lee Young — ho said kids especially like the robots, which can carry up to 66 pounds in their trays.
20．What's the function of Paragraph 1
A．It shows how severe the pandemic was.
B．It provides background information of robot service.
C．It introduces the measures the government has taken.
D．It arouses people's interest in reading the text.
21．Why are serving robots put into use
A．To cut human interaction during the pandemic.
B．To improve the efficiency of restaurants.
C．To promote Robot technology.
D．To attract children customers.
22．What can robots at a fast-food chain in South Korea do
A．Add toppings to the burgers. B．Pack food for diners.
C．Bring meals out to diners D．Chat with customers.
23．What can be learned from the last two paragraphs
A．The robot service is generally welcomed by customers.
B．Other restaurants have long put robots into practice.
C．Restaurants could only provide takeout in the day time.
D．Children like robots because they can play with them.
试卷第页，共页
参考答案：
1．B
2．A
3．C
4．D
【解析】
1．
细节理解题。根据第三段“ but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.”可知，但Rita在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita 在布里斯托尔的维多利亚式住宅中使用一楼。故选B项。
2．
推理判断题。根据第五段“And what does Nick think “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it Yes, I think I would.”可知，尼克是怎么想的 “从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。我推荐它吗 是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。”由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选A项。
3．
细节理解题。根据第六段“ Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013.”官方报告显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从2002年的32.5万户增加到2013年的41.9万户。根据第七段“It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.”可知，据说，25-34岁的年轻人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例为16%。据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。由此可知，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述基于发布的统计数据。故选C项。
4．
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。
5．A
6．B
7．C
【解析】
5．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“but in order to stay she’s had to prove her language skills by taking a test…”可知，Cojochru为了能够继续留在意大利才要参加语言考试的。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration”,可知一些人担心对语言水平的要求可能会造成人与人之间的不包容。由此判断出有些人担心新的语言要求可能会引起人与人之间的冲突。故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“even though she ‘s stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently”可知Cojochru的意大利语已经说的很流利了，足够应付工作。故选C。
8．B
9．C
10．B
11．C
【解析】
8．
词义猜测题。根据划线短语所在句的前文背景介绍“…when the Argyll Rooms lost its licence in 1878, there was a riot”可知，（1878年，Argyll Rooms失去了营业执照，引发了一场骚乱，）这次骚乱应是知划线短语所在句内容“Drunken students were so angry at the closure of their favourite place that they took to the streets.”，由此可推知，“they took to the streets”应是与“骚乱”表达含义一致，骚乱一般是指“聚集游行示威”类活动，即选项A“gathered together in the streets(聚集在街上)”，选项C“went outside on the streets(走到外面的街道上)”和选项D“protested on the streets(上街抗议)”符合分析，可作划线短语的同义表达。选项B“enjoyed window shopping”意为“喜欢逛街”，不能视作为“骚乱”。故选B项。
9．
细节理解题。根据文章Pleasure gardens: Gremorne Gardens, Chelsea部分第1段内容“London’s rapid growth meant the valuable land was usually sold to big companies for other purposes, which is why so little of London’s great pleasure gardens remain.”(伦敦的快速发展意味着宝贵的土地通常被卖给大公司做其他用途，这就是为什么伦敦的大花园很少被保留下来的原因。)可知，伦敦的大花园很少被保留下来的原因是宝贵的土地通常被卖给大公司做其他用途。故选C项。
10．
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容“Fulham FC, London’s oldest professional football club, still works at their first ground, built by the Victorians in 1896. Versions of the sport had been around for centuries, but it was the Victorians who created the game and then professionalized it. This led to enclosed grounds where spectators paid for admittance, with the income spent on acquiring new players. The modern game was born.(富勒姆足球俱乐部，伦敦最古老的职业足球俱乐部，仍然在他们的第一个场地工作，这是维多利亚时代的人在1896年建造的。这项运动的版本已经存在了几个世纪，但是是维多利亚时代的人创造了这项运动，然后将其职业化。这导致了封闭的场地，观众支付入场费，收入用于购买新球员。现代游戏诞生了。)”可知，富勒姆足球俱乐部存在已久，这个俱乐部见证了伦敦的足球运动始于维多利亚时代，并一直发展成为现代足球。由此可推知，伦敦的足球历史很悠久。故选B项。
11．
主旨大意题。通过阅读文章可知，文章结构为总分结构，文章第一段内容“As performance managers came up with increasingly well-designed ways to make money from the capital’s huge potential audience, Victorians effectively invented the modern leisure industry – including theme parks, pubs and professional football.(随着绩效管理人员想出越来越精心设计的方法，从首都巨大的潜在观众身上赚钱，维多利亚时代的人实际上发明了现代休闲产业——包括主题公园、酒吧和职业足球。)”应是本文的主题句，即，文章主要围绕维多利亚时代的包括主题公园、酒吧和职业足球一些现代休闲产业进行了详细的举例介绍，从而说明了其对于现代休闲产业的深远影响。选项C “The Victorians largely invented modern leisure industries.(维多利亚时代在很大程度上发明了现代休闲产业。)”合理概括了文章的主旨要义。故选C项。
12．D
13．B
14．D
15．A
【解析】
12．
细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead, one activist ,dressed in a full -body monkey suit ,had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:“Thanks for not using real apes”可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活动人士来到现场，手里拿着一块牌子，称赞电影制作人:“感谢你们不用真正的猿猴。所以动物保护者聚集在好莱坞大道是为了向电影制作者表示感谢。故选D项。
13．
主旨大意题。根据第二段“The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). ”可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图形处理，以产生最终的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是关于数字化人猿的创造。故选B项。
14．
词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子“One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment”（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇）以及下文Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly.（许多电影,包括“大象的眼泪”,“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理员”,引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是“密切关注”。故选D项。
15．
推理判断题。根据最后一段In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the Sates.”（在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是电影棚里对动物的待遇;让人担忧的是训练和生活条件。还有一些关于在美国以外拍摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到严密的监控。）可知，在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是工作室里动物的待遇;令人担忧的是训练和生活条件。由此判断出动物演员可能受到虐待。故选A项。
16．C
17．B
18．C
19．C
【解析】
16．
细节理解题。根据第一段中“It was given to Ant Forest for motivating half a billion people to adopt an eco-friendly and greener lifestyle, greatly contributing to ecological protection with the help of digital technology. (“蚂蚁森林”项目旨在激励5亿人过上环保、绿色的生活方式，为数字技术促进生态保护做出了巨大贡献。)”可知，蚂蚁森林因为从技术上帮助许多人保护生态被授予奖项。故选C项。
17．
主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Alipay achieved this by inspiring its users to do environmentally-friendly things, such as walking, using public transportation, going paperless in the office and more to earn “green energy points”. (支付宝通过鼓励用户做一些环保的事情来实现这一目标，比如步行、使用公共交通工具、在办公室实现无纸化办公，以及更多来获得“绿色能源积分”。)”以及下文描述可知，本段主要讲了蚂蚁森林是如何实施目标的。故选B项。
18．
推理判断题。根据第四段中“The country is taking aggressive actions in expanding its green coverage. Now, its efforts are paying off, with improved biodiversity and a healthier economic growth. (中国正在积极采取行动扩大绿色覆盖范围。现在，随着生物多样性的改善和更健康的经济增长，它的努力得到了回报。)”可推知，中国保持经济与生态的平衡。故选C项。
19．
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Fortunately, Ant Forest shows that it is possible to make joint efforts while relying on digital technology. And more initiatives are using technology to contribute to a sustainable future of the planet. (幸运的是，蚂蚁森林向我们展示了依靠数字技术，共同努力是完全有可能的。更多的计划正在利用技术为地球的可持续未来做出贡献。)”可知，蚂蚁森林通过提供一个共同努力的平台对可持续发展的未来做出了贡献。故选C项。
20．B
21．A
22．C
23．A
【解析】
20．
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Initially South Korea had been doing well against the virus, …churches and beaches to turn the tide.” 最初韩国的抗疫局面一直不错，但八月份报告的新增病例数几乎翻了一番，两天内就从56例增至103例。8月26日韩国新增确诊病例达到了441例的高峰，之后又回落到每日新增至少100例的水平。为了扭转局势，八月份韩国卫生部禁止了大型聚会，关闭了夜总会、教堂和海滩。再根据下文提到的为了应对疫情，饭店启用机器人服务，减少和人类服务员之间的互动， 由此可以推断出第一段是提供机器人服务的背景，故选B。
21．
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“For example, No Brand Burger, a fast-food chain in South Korea, is using robots to take orders, prepare food and bring meals out to diners. As a result, customers can avoid any interaction with a human server during the pandemic （疫'情）.” 韩国快餐连锁店No Brand Burger正在使用机器人下单、准备食物并将食物送到餐者手中。因此，客户可以避免在疫情期间与人类服务员进行任何交互。所以服务型机器人的使用切掉了人与人之间的接触。故选A。
22．
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“For example, No Brand Burger, a fast-food chain in South Korea, is using robots to take orders, prepare food and bring meals out to diners. ” 韩国快餐连锁店No Brand Burger正在使用机器人下单、准备食物并将食物送到用餐者手中。故选C。
23．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Last month, takeout orders at No Brand Burger accounted for 58 percent total sales, up from 42 percent in July, according to the chain's parent company, Shinsegae Food.Other restaurants in Asia have started employing robot servers during the pandemic.” 根据No Brand汉堡店所属的新世界集团食品部的数据，上个月No Brand的外卖订单占了总销量的58%，相比七月份的42%上升了。亚洲的其他餐馆在流行病期间也开始使用机器人服务器。由此可以推断出机器人服务受到越来越多的人欢迎。故选A。试卷第页，共页
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