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阅读理解科普和文化-备战2022年中考英语高能训练解析版
专题　阅读理解（科普和文化）
（科普和文化）
题型特点 阅读理解主要考查考生对各种话题和体裁的阅读材料的理解能力以及从各种材料中获取信息的能力。近年安徽中考英语阅读理解的体裁主要为叙事文和说明文。内容多样，科技知识、日常生活、哲理故事、文化习俗、名人介绍等。
命题特点 话题内容更加多样，更贴近考生生活，且有较强的时代性、文化性、思想性和教育性。题型设置以细节理解题为主，推理判断题、词义推测题、主旨大意题、标题归纳题为辅。最后一篇设有3个问题，要求考生根据短文内容回答，既要求考生抓住内容信息，又要考查考生的语言组织能力。
答题技巧 1.通读全文，了解文章大意； 2.读问题，带着问题找答案； 3.再读文章，检查答案正确性； 4.每篇文章的花费时长约3至5分钟，包括问题来回需要走个两至三遍。不要过分相信自己的阅读能力，有些细节埋在内部，需要花一定的精力去辨别、判断。提个心做阅读理解才是正常心态。
接中考
1.（2021 深圳）
Can plants talk Modern research has found something amazing: they do communicate with each other.
It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant gets attacked by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: “I’m being attacked!” When another plant gets the chemicals, it starts to give out its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract the wasps（黄蜂; 蜜蜂）! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow more crops.
More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can’t hear these sounds; but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their and chili plants do this. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water.
Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”. The wood wide web is linked underground by fungi（霉菌）. It links the roots of different plants to each other. It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. However, it may lead to bad effects. Plants may use it to steal food from each other, or spread chemicals to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web.
Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves.
21. What will plants do when they are attacked by insects
A. They will kill the insects by themselves.
B. They will control the wasps to kill the insects.
C. They will send out signals to ask for help.
D. They will produce chemicals as a warning or a call for help.
22. How are the wood wide web linked by fungi
A. By making noises with their roots.
B. By connecting the roots of different plants to each other.
C. By sharing food and information with each other.
D. By spreading chemicals to each other.
23. What is the writer’s intention of the last paragraph
A. To give people hope for further studies.
B. To praise scientists for their great achievements.
C. To call on people to protect the plants on Earth.
D. To inspire people to communicate with plants.
24. What is the structure of the passage
A. B.
C. D.
25. Which is the best title for the passage
A. The Secret Language of Plants
B. The Study about the Plant Warning System
C. The Plants that Give Warnings
D. Why Scientists Do Research about Plants
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. A
【解析】
21. D 根据“This happens when a plant gets atacked by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: “I’m being attacked!””当植物受到昆虫攻击时就会发生这种情况。植物从正在被吃掉的叶子中释放出化学物质。这就像是警告，或者求救:“我被攻击了!”可知，当植物受到昆虫攻击时，它们会产生化学物质作为警告或求助信号，故选D。
22. B根据“The wood wide web is linked underground by fungi（霉菌）. It links the roots of different plants to each other.”可知，真菌是通过相互连接不同植物的根来连接“the wood wide web”的，故选B。
23. A根据最后一段的信息“Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves.”科学家们每天都在更多地了解植物之间的秘密交流方式。也许有一天，我们会对植物的交流有足够的了解，从而能够自己与它们“交谈”。可推知作者是想给人们进一步研究的希望，故选A。
24. B通读全文可知，本文第一段主要介绍了植物会说话和交流，第二、三、四段分述了植物主要通过哪几种方式进行交流，第五段又进行了总述给人们对植物进一步研究的希望；因此本文是采用总—分—总的结构来写的，故选B。
25. A通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了研究发现植物会通过化学物质，声音和真菌彼此交流，结合选项，可知A选项“植物的秘密语言”符合题意，故选A。
2.（2021 南通）
In December 2020, “the Super Apple” appeared at supermarkets across China, sweeter and juicier than usual ones, without pesticide residue(农药残留). Before reaching the market, the products had been tested over 500 times. Blockchain(区块链) technology in recording farmers’ actions is widely used to avoid nonstandard pesticide use. Digital technology at the apple storage helps to group apples, which can keep the stability(稳定性) in the quality. “The future of agriculture lies in the modern technology.” Huang Jikun, Professor of the China Centre for Agricultural Policy at Peking University, told Beijing Review.
At China’s Central Rural Work Conference in 2020, President Xi stressed that efforts must be made to increase the quality of agriculture. Xi also pointed out the importance of speeding up technologies.
China’s agriculture has entered a stage of high-quality development, as the country is meeting people’s increasing need for high standard products. So agriculture should turn to technology.
Three years ago, Yuan Longping led a program of planting rice in saline－alkali(盐碱) soil in areas, including Xinjiang and Heilongjiang. Through hybrid technology, Yuan’s team have been able to raise improved rice for saline and alkaline soils. If China could put 6.67 million hectares of saline－alkali soil into rice production, it would be very likely to increase by around 30 million tons, a huge contribution to the country.
In Lushui, Yunnan Province, one can rarely see farmers working on the farm. All common tasks are completed automatically(自动化地). Data(数据) is gathered by the system to improve future production.
“More information and technology centres will be built so that basic data and big data can be improved, and technologies like 5G and the BeiDou Satellite Navigation System can be used in the field.”said Han Fujun, Deputy Chief Engineer of the Information Center of MARA.
Since 2010, the Chinese government has been organizing technology exchanges, training, field trips and other activities for the agricultural technology talents to better understand the situations of each area.
Because of the COVID-19, companies begin to rethink better agricultural models, as more people want to eat healthier foods. Science and technology will play a more important role in the future.
38. Which of the following makes “the Super Apple” sweeter and juicier
A. The apple storage. B. The modern technology.
C. The product test. D. The record of farmers’ actions.
39. From the passage we know that ________.
A. traditional Chinese agriculture is out of date now
B. farmers will pay less attention to technologies
C. China’s agriculture plays a lead role in the world
D. people now need more quality agricultural products
40. Which of the following is true according to the passage
A. Yuan’s program is a huge contribution to China.
B. Farmers are busy collecting the data in Lushui.
C. 5G and BeiDou system are rarely used in the centres.
D. Talents organize activities to understand each area.
41. The passage mainly wants to tell us ________.
A. Yuan Longping is a great Chinese scientist in farming
B. China’s agriculture develops fast to meet people’s need
C. science and technology improves China’s agriculture
D. more agricultural models will appear after COVID-19
【答案】38. B 39. D 40. A 41. C
【解析】
38. B根据“Digital technology at the apple storage helps to group apples, which can keep the stability(稳定性) in the quality”可知，是科技让这种苹果更甜，汁更多，故选B。
39. D根据“as the country is meeting people’s increasing need for high standard products”可知，人们现在需要更多的优质农产品，故选D。
40. A根据“If China could put 6.67 million hectares of saline－alkali soil into rice production, it would be very likely to increase by around 30 million tons, a huge contribution to the country”可知，袁隆平带领团队成功在盐碱地种植水稻是对国家的一个巨大贡献，A选项表述正确，故选A。
41. C通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了在科学和科技的帮助下，农业进入了高质量发展阶段，故选C。
3.（2021 宿迁）
When your town has winter, the earth’s axis(轴) is pointing away from the sun. Your town doesn’t get as much light or heat from the sun. The days are shorter and colder.
Winter and summer happen because the earth is tilted(倾斜) as it revolves around the sun. The northern end of the earth’s axis points towards the sun in summer. You have more hours of light in summer. Your part of the earth is towards the sun for more hours each day. When the part of the earth where you live is towards the sun, you have hotter days. In winter, when your part of the earth points away from the sun, you have colder days.
You have learned about winter and summer. There are two more seasons in the year. One comes after winter and before summer. The other season comes after summer and before winter. Can you name them That’s right. Spring comes between winter and summer and autumn comes after summer but before winter.
The four seasons are spring, summer, autumn and winter. Spring and autumn are apposite seasons. Which season do you like best
You have thought about the four seasons of the year. Each season is different. The seasons are made by the northern end of the axis pointing towards or away from the sun.
Your part of the world gets more heat from the sun when the northern end of the axis points to the sun. When the axis points away from the sun, you get less heat. Now you know why winter is colder than summer. The axis is pointing away from the sun in winter. It is pointing towards the sun in summer.
34. What does the underlined word “revolves” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Moves. B. Turns. C. Jumps. D. Sites.
35. What is the passage mainly about
A. How four seasons happen. B. How the weather changes.
C. When the earth’s axis points towards the sun. D. When the earth’s axis points away from the sun.
36. Where does the passage probably come from
A. A film guide. B. A storybook. C. A science magazine. D. A book review.
【答案】34. A 35. A 36. C
【解析】
34. A根据“the earth is tilted… around the sun”可知表达地球绕着太阳旋转，“revolve”指的是 “移动”，与“move”同义。故选A。
35. A根据倒数第二段“You have thought about the four seasons of the year. Each season is different. The seasons are made by the northern end of the axis pointing towards or away from the sun”可知文章主要讲述的是四季是如何形成的。故选A。
36. C文章介绍地球绕着太阳旋转，四季的形成，可推知来自科技杂志。故选C。
4.（2021 江西）
Many scientists once believed that physical similarities between identical twins are genetic（基因的）, while their personalities, intelligence and other differences between them are an effect of their environment. Now scientists are discovering that the boundaries（界限）between genes and environment are not so clear.
Twins Jim Springer and Jim Lewis were adopted（领养）as babies and raised by different couples. When the Jims finally met at age 39, they discovered they had plenty in common. Both were six feet tall, 180 pounds. They had the same smile and the same voice. When scientist Thomas Bouchard Jr. invited the Jim twins to his lab, people there found it very hard to tell them apart.
But the similarities didn’t stop at the physical. They’d both had dogs named Toy. They had both married women named Linda and then their marriage broke up. They’d both been policemen, enjoyed music, and left love notes around the house for their wives. They had so much in common, it seemed unlikely these were just coincidences （巧合）.
The Jim twins were just one of 137 sets of separated twins. Bouchard tested. When they compared the twins’ IQ scores, Bouchard and his team reached a surprising conclusion（结论）. They concluded that intelligence was mostly connected to genes rather than to training or education. It seemed the differences in family and environment had little effect.
However, genes can’t control everything, argues geneticist Danielle Reed, who also studies twins. Reed’s research shows that though nothing can truly change our DNA, environmental differences that a child experiences before birth and in their first year can sometimes affect the way the DNA behaves, making even identical twins into very different people. “What I like to say is that Mother Nature writes some things in pencil and some things in pen,” She explains. “Things written in pen you can’t change. That’s DNA. But things written in pencil you can.”
74. How many physical similarities between the Jim twins are mentioned
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
75. What did Bouchard’s study find about the twins
A. Each seemed to be as tall as their twin. B. Each had the same hobby as their twin.
C. Each had almost the same ability as their twin. D. Each had about the same IQ level as their twin.
76. What is Reed’s opinion about genes and environment
A. Only DNA has an effect on our development.
B. Environment could possibly change some things about us.
C. There are no boundaries between genes and environment.
D. Environmental differences can sometimes change our DNA.
77. What is the passage mainly about
A. The way the DNA behaves.
B. The similarities between the Jim twins.
C. The connection between intelligence and families.
D. The effects of genes on personality and intelligence.
【答案】74. C 75. D 76. B 77. D
【解析】
74. C根据“Both were six feet tall, 180 pounds. They had the same smile and the same voice.”可知，两人身高都是六英尺，体重一百八十磅，有着同样的笑容和同样的声音。提及二人四处身体上的相似之处，故选C。
75. D根据“When they compared the twins’ IQ scores, Bouchard and his team reached a surprising conclusion（结论）. They concluded that intelligence was mostly connected to genes rather than to training or education.”可知，当他们比较双胞胎的智商分数时，Bouchard和他的团队得出了一个令人惊讶的结论：智力在很大程度上与基因有关，而不是与训练或教育有关。所以他们的智商水平和他们的双胞胎差不多，故选D。
76. B 根据“Reed’s research shows that though nothing can truly change our DNA, environmental differences that a child experiences before birth and in their first year can sometimes affect the way the DNA behaves, making even identical twins into very different people.”可知，里德的研究表明，虽然没有什么能真正改变我们的DNA，但孩子在出生前和一岁时所经历的环境差异有时会影响DNA的行为方式，甚至使同卵双胞胎成为非常不同的人。所以环境可能会改变我们的一些事情，故选B。
77. D本文是一篇说明文，通过研究结果说明基因对人格和智力的影响。故选D。
最新模拟题精练
1.（2021年香洲区中考模拟考试英语试卷）
Whales are the largest living organisms(生物) living on the surface of the earth. An adult blue whale weighs up to 173 tonnes with 30 meters in length. When a whale dies in the ocean, its body usually falls to the sea floor and a special deep-sea ecosystem will be formed in a long time.
Scientists give a name to this: the whale fall.
Recently, some scientists on a Chinese research ship called Tansuo-1 found a whale fall at the
depth of 1,600 meters in the South China Sea. Whale falls are seldom found by humans. This is the first time China has found this type of ecosystem. So far, less than 50 modern natural whale falls have been found by humans around the world.
The whale fall is really important to deep-sea animals, as it provides food for them. Usually, the whale fall goes through three stages. The first stage comes just after the whale dies. The body attracts lots of big sea animals such as shark and they come to eat the body, This stage lasts from months to years. At the second stage, smaller animals come for the whale's bones and leftovers. This stage can last one or two years. Bacteria(细菌) play a role at the third stage. They break down what has been left. This stage can last as long as 100 years.
The whale fall found in the South China Sea is 3 meters long, It is still at the first stage. The
scientists said it would take them a long time to study the whale fall because they knew it would help them understand the deep-sea ecosystem better.
56. When whales die in the ocean, most of their bodies usually______
A. are saved by scientists B. are found on the beach
C. float on the ocean surface D. sink to the bottom of the ocean
57. The Chinese meaning of the underlined word "ecosystem”is.
A.经济学 B.生态系统 C.电子信息 D.环保体系
58. The whale fall goes through the following stages, and the correct order is,
①Bacteria break down the rest of the whale. ②Smaller animals eat the whale's bones.
③The whale dies in the ocean. ④ Big sea animals eat the whale's body.
A.③④①② B.④③①②
C.③④②① D.④③②①
59. According to the passage, we know that______
A. an adult blue whale weighs up to 173 tons
B. some scientists found a whale fall in the South China Sea
C. at the first stage, smaller animals come for the whale's bones
D. the whale fall found in the South China Sea is in the third stage
60. The best title for this passage may be“_______”
A. The Whale Fall B. A Chinese Research
C. Whales in the Ocean D. The Deep-sea Ecosystem
【答案】56.D 57.B 58.C 59.B 60.A
【解析】
56.D 第一自然段“its body usually falls to the sea floor”可知答案。
57.B 第三自然段对有个明确解释，海洋“生态系统”。
58.C 按叙述顺序，首先鲸死在海洋，大动物吃了它的尸体，更小的动物吃了它的骨头，最后细菌来分解它所剩之物。
59.B根据文章第二自然段的“Tansuo-1 found a whale fall at the depth of 1,600 meters in the South China Sea”可知。
60.A第一自然段的最后一句“the whale fall”点明主题。
2.（2021 湖北英山县实验中学中考模拟）
It's hard to find a person who doesn't like traveling. The human's hopes to explore (探索) new areas drive us to visit new countries and discover new places. It's a pity that it is impossible to explore every corner of the world even if you travel the whole life. So people search travel articles to learn more.
If you want to become a travel writer who helps people to choose a trip, you should know how to create an article about traveling experience. Maybe the following can help you.
Read different resources (资源) . Do you want to improve your skills and do great writings Start by exploring how experts do. Start following famous travel writers and discover how they engage readers. Also, it will help you to know about the latest news in the traveling.
For sure, anyone can create a blog (博客) about traveling. But the top travel writers don't create articles according to stories of other people. They make every trip by themselves and share their experience in their articles. If you want to become a successful writer, you should have a large background in traveling. So you can create original (原创) articles and share your traveling secrets with your readers.
Don't forget about your opinions when you discover how to write a travel article. If you want to copy someone's story, you can rewrite it and collect a few points. But if you’re going to become a famous travel writer, you need to create original articles. Feel free to share your opinions and feelings.
Being a travel writer is exciting. You have to travel, explore new areas and share your experience with readers.
60. The Chinese meaning of the word "engage" is__________.
A. 聘请 B. 吸引 C. 告诚 D. 利用
61. If you want to improve your writing skills, you should___________.
A. explore how experts do B. visit new areas
C. discover more readers D. report the latest news
62. According to Paragraph 4, a top travel writer should__________.
A. create a blog about reading B. write articles about others' stories
C. become an experienced traveler D. share other people's traveling secrets
63. According to Paragraph 5, we know a famous travel writer_________.
A. should often copy someone's story B. usually rewrites some body's travel articles
C. only shares others' experience and feelings D. should always have their own opinions
64. This passage mainly tells us .
A. why people search travel articles to learn more
B. why people want to become a travel writer
C. how to write a good article about your traveling
D. how to travel, explore new areas and share your experience
【答案】60.B 61.A 62.C 63.D 64.C
【解析】
60.B 第三自然段“ famous travel writers and discover how they engage readers”著名作家找发现如何“吸引”读者。
61.A 第三自然段“by exploring how experts do”可知答案。
62.C 从第四自然段“If you want to become a successful writer, you should have a large background in traveling”中知道 好的旅行作家应该变成一名经验丰富的旅行者。
63.D 第五自然段的第一句“Don't forget about your opinions when you discover how to write a travel article”点明答案。
64.C最后自然段第一句“Being a travel writer is exciting”点明答案。
3.（2021　湖南长沙长郡教育集团初三中考二模考试）
The world is being covered by plastic. In China, the amount of plastic waste rose into 14 million kilograms last year, but only about 9% was recycled. Over 1. 32 million kilograms of plastic found its way into the world's oceans, which caused serious pollution. Luckily, researchers have found a special kind of bacteria which can help break down plastic recently.
The bacteria are so small that we need a microscope(显微镜) to see them. They can“eat"' plastic by changing its chemicals into something that will help them grow.The secret to this is enzymes(酶). Bacteria use enzymes to cause chemical changes. In 2012, in the decaying(腐烂的) leaves, scientists discovered an enzyme called LCC that slowly broke down PET plastic. Most people know PET plastic. It is used in water and soda bottles. Most PET is thrown away, but even when it is recycled, it can't be made into new pared with other 100, 000 enzymes, it was the best at breaking down PFT.
To improve LCC, scientists studied the enzyme and the way it broke down the PET. By testing thousands of small changes to the enzyme, they found a new kind of LCC. It can be alive at higher temperatures, eat PET very quickly and make most PET plastic reusable. Scientists were satisfied with the result. When the environment was just right, the new LCC was able to break down 90% of the PET in just ten hours. The old enzyme took about 20 hours and only broke down half of the PET.
31.How many plastic products are recycled in China last year
A. About 1. 32 million kilograms.
B. About 14 million kilograms.
C. About 1. 26 million kilograms.
32 . Which statement is TRUE about the bacteria
A.. Bacteria can be seen with our eyes directly.
B. Bacteria can't be used to break down plastic.
C. Enzymes help bacteria change chemicals in plastic.
33. From Paragraph 3, we can know
A. most PET plastic could be made into new bottles again
B. an enzyme called LCC was found in PET.plastic in 2012
C.LCC was found the best at breaking down PET plastic
pared with the old LCC, which is NOT the advantage of the new kind of LCC
A. It can be alive at higher temperatures.
B. It can make all the PET plastic reusable.
C. It can break down PET plastic in a faster way.
35. Where can we probably read this passage
A. In a storybook.
B.In a science report.
C. In an advertisement.
【答案】31.C 32.C 33.C 34.B 35.B
【解析】
31.C 第一自然段，14乘9%，即为答案。
32.C 第二自然段“They can“eat"' plastic by changing its chemicals into something that will help them grow”解释“enzymes”的作用。
33.C 第三自然段的第一句“To improve LCC, scientists studied the enzyme and the way it broke down the PET”中的“ broke down the PET”是关键点。
34.B 新的优势“1、 It can be alive at higher temperatures”“2、eat PET very quickly and make most PET plastic reusable”，排除得到答案。
35.B通篇谈“塑料问题”，应该从科学杂志上读到。阅读理解科普和文化-备战2022年中考英语高能训练原卷版
专题　阅读理解（科普和文化）
（科普和文化）
题型特点 阅读理解主要考查考生对各种话题和体裁的阅读材料的理解能力以及从各种材料中获取信息的能力。近年安徽中考英语阅读理解的体裁主要为叙事文和说明文。内容多样，科技知识、日常生活、哲理故事、文化习俗、名人介绍等。
命题特点 话题内容更加多样，更贴近考生生活，且有较强的时代性、文化性、思想性和教育性。题型设置以细节理解题为主，推理判断题、词义推测题、主旨大意题、标题归纳题为辅。最后一篇设有3个问题，要求考生根据短文内容回答，既要求考生抓住内容信息，又要考查考生的语言组织能力。
答题技巧 1.通读全文，了解文章大意； 2.读问题，带着问题找答案； 3.再读文章，检查答案正确性； 4.每篇文章的花费时长约3至5分钟，包括问题来回需要走个两至三遍。不要过分相信自己的阅读能力，有些细节埋在内部，需要花一定的精力去辨别、判断。提个心做阅读理解才是正常心态。
链接中考
1.（2021 深圳）
Can plants talk Modern research has found something amazing: they do communicate with each other.
It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant gets attacked by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: “I’m being attacked!” When another plant gets the chemicals, it starts to give out its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract the wasps（黄蜂; 蜜蜂）! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow more crops.
More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can’t hear these sounds; but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their and chili plants do this. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water.
Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web” . The wood wide web is linked underground by fungi（霉菌）. It links the roots of different plants to each other. It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. However, it may lead to bad effects. Plants may use it to steal food from each other, or spread chemicals to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web.
Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves.
21. What will plants do when they are attacked by insects
A. They will kill the insects by themselves.
B. They will control the wasps to kill the insects.
C. They will send out signals to ask for help.
D. They will produce chemicals as a warning or a call for help.
22. How are the wood wide web linked by fungi
A. By making noises with their roots.
B. By connecting the roots of different plants to each other.
C. By sharing food and information with each other.
D. By spreading chemicals to each other.
23. What is the writer’s intention of the last paragraph
A. To give people hope for further studies.
B. To praise scientists for their great achievements.
C. To call on people to protect the plants on Earth.
D. To inspire people to communicate with plants.
24. What is the structure of the passage
A. B.
C. D.
25. Which is the best title for the passage
A. The Secret Language of Plants
B. The Study about the Plant Warning System
C. The Plants that Give Warnings
D. Why Scientists Do Research about Plants
2.（2021 南通）
In December 2020, “the Super Apple” appeared at supermarkets across China, sweeter and juicier than usual ones, without pesticide residue(农药残留). Before reaching the market, the products had been tested over 500 times. Blockchain(区块链) technology in recording farmers’ actions is widely used to avoid nonstandard pesticide use. Digital technology at the apple storage helps to group apples, which can keep the stability(稳定性) in the quality. “The future of agriculture lies in the modern technology.” Huang Jikun, Professor of the China Centre for Agricultural Policy at Peking University, told Beijing Review.
At China’s Central Rural Work Conference in 2020, President Xi stressed that efforts must be made to increase the quality of agriculture. Xi also pointed out the importance of speeding up technologies.
China’s agriculture has entered a stage of high-quality development, as the country is meeting people’s increasing need for high standard products. So agriculture should turn to technology.
Three years ago, Yuan Longping led a program of planting rice in saline－alkali(盐碱) soil in areas, including Xinjiang and Heilongjiang. Through hybrid technology, Yuan’s team have been able to raise improved rice for saline and alkaline soils. If China could put 6.67 million hectares of saline－alkali soil into rice production, it would be very likely to increase by around 30 million tons, a huge contribution to the country.
In Lushui, Yunnan Province, one can rarely see farmers working on the farm. All common tasks are completed automatically(自动化地). Data(数据) is gathered by the system to improve future production.
“More information and technology centres will be built so that basic data and big data can be improved, and technologies like 5G and the BeiDou Satellite Navigation System can be used in the field.”said Han Fujun, Deputy Chief Engineer of the Information Center of MARA.
Since 2010, the Chinese government has been organizing technology exchanges, training, field trips and other activities for the agricultural technology talents to better understand the situations of each area.
Because of the COVID-19, companies begin to rethink better agricultural models, as more people want to eat healthier foods. Science and technology will play a more important role in the future.
38. Which of the following makes ”the Super Apple” sweeter and juicier
A. The apple storage. B. The modern technology.
C. The product test. D. The record of farmers’ actions.
39. From the passage we know that ________.
A. traditional Chinese agriculture is out of date now
B. farmers will pay less attention to technologies
C. China’s agriculture plays a lead role in the world
D. people now need more quality agricultural products
40. Which of the following is true according to the passage
A. Yuan’s program is a huge contribution to China.
B. Farmers are busy collecting the data in Lushui.
C. 5G and BeiDou system are rarely used in the centres.
D. Talents organize activities to understand each area.
41. The passage mainly wants to tell us ________.
A. Yuan Longping is a great Chinese scientist in farming
B. China’s agriculture develops fast to meet people’s need
C. science and technology improves China’s agriculture
D. more agricultural models will appear after COVID-19
3.（2021 宿迁）
When your town has winter, the earth’s axis(轴) is pointing away from the sun. Your town doesn’t get as much light or heat from the sun. The days are shorter and colder.
Winter and summer happen because the earth is tilted(倾斜) as it revolves around the sun. The northern end of the earth’s axis points towards the sun in summer. You have more hours of light in summer. Your part of the earth is towards the sun for more hours each day. When the part of the earth where you live is towards the sun, you have hotter days. In winter, when your part of the earth points away from the sun, you have colder days.
You have learned about winter and summer. There are two more seasons in the year. One comes after winter and before summer. The other season comes after summer and before winter. Can you name them That’s right. Spring comes between winter and summer and autumn comes after summer but before winter.
The four seasons are spring, summer, autumn and winter. Spring and autumn are apposite seasons. Which season do you like best
You have thought about the four seasons of the year. Each season is different. The seasons are made by the northern end of the axis pointing towards or away from the sun.
Your part of the world gets more heat from the sun when the northern end of the axis points to the sun. When the axis points away from the sun, you get less heat. Now you know why winter is colder than summer. The axis is pointing away from the sun in winter. It is pointing towards the sun in summer.
34. What does the underlined word “revolves” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Moves. B. Turns. C. Jumps. D. Sites.
35. What is the passage mainly about
A. How four seasons happen. B. How the weather changes.
C. When the earth’s axis points towards the sun. D. When the earth’s axis points away from the sun.
36. Where does the passage probably come from
A. A film guide. B. A storybook. C. A science magazine. D. A book review.
4.（2021 江西）
Many scientists once believed that physical similarities between identical twins are genetic（基因的）, while their personalities, intelligence and other differences between them are an effect of their environment. Now scientists are discovering that the boundaries（界限）between genes and environment are not so clear.
Twins Jim Springer and Jim Lewis were adopted（领养）as babies and raised by different couples. When the Jims finally met at age 39, they discovered they had plenty in common. Both were six feet tall, 180 pounds. They had the same smile and the same voice. When scientist Thomas Bouchard Jr. invited the Jim twins to his lab, people there found it very hard to tell them apart.
But the similarities didn’t stop at the physical. They’d both had dogs named Toy. They had both married women named Linda and then their marriage broke up. They’d both been policemen, enjoyed music, and left love notes around the house for their wives. They had so much in common, it seemed unlikely these were just coincidences （巧合）.
The Jim twins were just one of 137 sets of separated twins. Bouchard tested. When they compared the twins’ IQ scores, Bouchard and his team reached a surprising conclusion（结论）. They concluded that intelligence was mostly connected to genes rather than to training or education. It seemed the differences in family and environment had little effect.
However, genes can’t control everything, argues geneticist Danielle Reed, who also studies twins. Reed’s research shows that though nothing can truly change our DNA, environmental differences that a child experiences before birth and in their first year can sometimes affect the way the DNA behaves, making even identical twins into very different people. “What I like to say is that Mother Nature writes some things in pencil and some things in pen,” She explains. “Things written in pen you can’t change. That’s DNA. But things written in pencil you can.”
74. How many physical similarities between the Jim twins are mentioned
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
75. What did Bouchard’s study find about the twins
A. Each seemed to be as tall as their twin. B. Each had the same hobby as their twin.
C. Each had almost the same ability as their twin. D. Each had about the same IQ level as their twin.
76. What is Reed’s opinion about genes and environment
A. Only DNA has an effect on our development.
B. Environment could possibly change some things about us.
C. There are no boundaries between genes and environment.
D. Environmental differences can sometimes change our DNA.
77. What is the passage mainly about
A. The way the DNA behaves.
B. The similarities between the Jim twins.
C. The connection between intelligence and families.
D. The effects of genes on personality and intelligence.
最新模拟题精练
1.（2021年香洲区中考模拟考试英语试卷）
Whales are the largest living organisms(生物) living on the surface of the earth. An adult blue whale weighs up to 173 tonnes with 30 meters in length. When a whale dies in the ocean, its body usually falls to the sea floor and a special deep-sea ecosystem will be formed in a long time.
Scientists give a name to this: the whale fall.
Recently, some scientists on a Chinese research ship called Tansuo-1 found a whale fall at the
depth of 1,600 meters in the South China Sea. Whale falls are seldom found by humans. This is the first time China has found this type of ecosystem. So far, less than 50 modern natural whale falls have been found by humans around the world.
The whale fall is really important to deep-sea animals, as it provides food for them. Usually, the whale fall goes through three stages. The first stage comes just after the whale dies. The body attracts lots of big sea animals such as shark and they come to eat the body, This stage lasts from months to years. At the second stage, smaller animals come for the whale's bones and leftovers. This stage can last one or two years. Bacteria(细菌) play a role at the third stage. They break down what has been left. This stage can last as long as 100 years.
The whale fall found in the South China Sea is 3 meters long, It is still at the first stage. The
scientists said it would take them a long time to study the whale fall because they knew it would help them understand the deep-sea ecosystem better.
56. When whales die in the ocean, most of their bodies usually______
A. are saved by scientists B. are found on the beach
C. float on the ocean surface D. sink to the bottom of the ocean
57. The Chinese meaning of the underlined word "ecosystem”is.
A.经济学 B.生态系统 C.电子信息 D.环保体系
58. The whale fall goes through the following stages, and the correct order is,
①Bacteria break down the rest of the whale. ②Smaller animals eat the whale's bones.
③The whale dies in the ocean. ④ Big sea animals eat the whale's body.
A.③④①② B.④③①②
C.③④②① D.④③②①
59. According to the passage, we know that______
A. an adult blue whale weighs up to 173 tons
B. some scientists found a whale fall in the South China Sea
C. at the first stage, smaller animals come for the whale's bones
D. the whale fall found in the South China Sea is in the third stage
60. The best title for this passage may be“_______”
A. The Whale Fall B. A Chinese Research
C. Whales in the Ocean D. The Deep-sea Ecosystem
2.（2021 湖北英山县实验中学中考模拟）
It's hard to find a person who doesn't like traveling. The human's hopes to explore (探索) new areas drive us to visit new countries and discover new places. It's a pity that it is impossible to explore every corner of the world even if you travel the whole life. So people search travel articles to learn more.
If you want to become a travel writer who helps people to choose a trip, you should know how to create an article about traveling experience. Maybe the following can help you.
Read different resources (资源) . Do you want to improve your skills and do great writings Start by exploring how experts do. Start following famous travel writers and discover how they engage readers. Also, it will help you to know about the latest news in the traveling.
For sure, anyone can create a blog (博客) about traveling. But the top travel writers don't create articles according to stories of other people. They make every trip by themselves and share their experience in their articles. If you want to become a successful writer, you should have a large background in traveling. So you can create original (原创) articles and share your traveling secrets with your readers.
Don't forget about your opinions when you discover how to write a travel article. If you want to copy someone's story, you can rewrite it and collect a few points. But if you’re going to become a famous travel writer, you need to create original articles. Feel free to share your opinions and feelings.
Being a travel writer is exciting. You have to travel, explore new areas and share your experience with readers.
60. The Chinese meaning of the word "engage" is__________.
A. 聘请 B. 吸引 C. 告诚 D. 利用
61. If you want to improve your writing skills, you should___________.
A. explore how experts do B. visit new areas
C. discover more readers D. report the latest news
62. According to Paragraph 4, a top travel writer should__________.
A. create a blog about reading B. write articles about others' stories
C. become an experienced traveler D. share other people's traveling secrets
63. According to Paragraph 5, we know a famous travel writer_________.
A. should often copy someone's story B. usually rewrites some body's travel articles
C. only shares others' experience and feelings D. should always have their own opinions
64. This passage mainly tells us .
A. why people search travel articles to learn more
B. why people want to become a travel writer
C. how to write a good article about your traveling
D. how to travel, explore new areas and share your experience
3.（2021　湖南长沙长郡教育集团初三中考二模考试）
The world is being covered by plastic. In China, the amount of plastic waste rose into 14 million kilograms last year, but only about 9% was recycled. Over 1. 32 million kilograms of plastic found its way into the world's oceans, which caused serious pollution. Luckily, researchers have found a special kind of bacteria which can help break down plastic recently.
The bacteria are so small that we need a microscope(显微镜) to see them. They can“eat"' plastic by changing its chemicals into something that will help them grow.The secret to this is enzymes(酶). Bacteria use enzymes to cause chemical changes. In 2012, in the decaying(腐烂的) leaves, scientists discovered an enzyme called LCC that slowly broke down PET plastic. Most people know PET plastic. It is used in water and soda bottles. Most PET is thrown away, but even when it is recycled, it can't be made into new pared with other 100, 000 enzymes, it was the best at breaking down PFT.
To improve LCC, scientists studied the enzyme and the way it broke down the PET. By testing thousands of small changes to the enzyme, they found a new kind of LCC. It can be alive at higher temperatures, eat PET very quickly and make most PET plastic reusable. Scientists were satisfied with the result. When the environment was just right, the new LCC was able to break down 90% of the PET in just ten hours. The old enzyme took about 20 hours and only broke down half of the PET.
31.How many plastic products are recycled in China last year
A. About 1. 32 million kilograms.
B. About 14 million kilograms.
C. About 1. 26 million kilograms.
32 . Which statement is TRUE about the bacteria
A.. Bacteria can be seen with our eyes directly.
B. Bacteria can't be used to break down plastic.
C. Enzymes help bacteria change chemicals in plastic.
33. From Paragraph 3, we can know
A. most PET plastic could be made into new bottles again
B. an enzyme called LCC was found in PET.plastic in 2012
C.LCC was found the best at breaking down PET plastic
pared with the old LCC, which is NOT the advantage of the new kind of LCC
A. It can be alive at higher temperatures.
B. It can make all the PET plastic reusable.
C. It can break down PET plastic in a faster way.
35. Where can we probably read this passage
A. In a storybook.
B.In a science report.
C. In an advertisement.

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