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专题03 垃圾分类
1．（2021·全国·高一期末）假定你是李华，你的澳大利亚笔友Bella发电子邮件同你间间我国城市生活垃圾分类回收的情况，请根据以下要点用英语给她回复。
1.你对生活垃圾分类回收的理解；
2.你们城市生活垃圾分类回收的好做法；
3.你对实施生活垃圾分类回收的看法与建议。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：生活垃圾 domestic garbage；垃圾分类 garbage sorting；可回收利用的recyclable
Dear Bella,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
2．（2022·全国·高三）假定你是李华，你校英语社团（English Club)计划下周末举行一次关于垃圾分类的讲座，请你代表社团写一封公开邀请信，内容包括：
1 .垃圾分类的好处；
2.讲座具体时间和地点；
3.邀请学生参加。
注意:
1. 词数 100 左右,开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:垃圾分类 garbage classification
Dear students,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
English Club
3．（2021·浙江浙江·高二阶段练习）假定你是李华，你校英语杜团（English Club）计划下周末举行一次关于垃圾分类的讲座，请你代表社团写一封公开邀请信，内容包括：
1.垃圾分类的好处；
2.讲座具体时间和地点；
3.邀请学生参加。
参考词汇：垃圾分类garbage classification；
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
4．（2021·陕西陈仓·一模）今年，你所在的城市开展垃圾分类活动，学校广泛宣传，你和同学都积极参与到此项活动中。请你为班级英语角写一篇短文，介绍此项活动，内容包括:
1.基本情况；
2.具体做法；
3.个人感受。
注意:
1.词数100左右；
2.题目以为你写好。
题目:Waste Classification
5．（2022·安徽·高二期末）现在，你们学校积极参与垃圾分类活动，请你为学校的英语报写一篇简讯，介绍此项活动，内容包括：
1. 活动情况；
2. 做法介绍；
3. 一点感想。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 标题已给出，不计入单词总数。
Waste Classification
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6．（2021·广东·高三阶段练习）假定你是某国际学校学生会李华, 你校正在开展垃圾分类活动，请你代表学生会用英语写封倡议信，向全校学生发出“垃圾分类，从我做起”的倡议。内容包括：
1.活动的目的和意义。
2.提出倡议。
注意：
1.写作词数应为 80 左右；
2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear fellow students,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Students Union
7．（2020·湖南·雅礼中学高二阶段练习）假定你是来自校环保协会的James，关注到学校最近环境污染严重。请给全体同学写一封信，呼吁所有同学一起行动起来保护校园环境，内容包括：
1. 关注到的垃圾污染问题；
2. 呼吁同学们采取的行动；
3. 表达决心和希望。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾语已经为你给出，但不计入词数。
Dear students,
I’m James from the school Environmental Association.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
James
8．（2021·广东顺德·高二期末）假设你是李华，你校英文校报计划举行“妥善处理口罩，共创卫生校园”的活动，正在针对该活动征集倡议信。请你写一封倡议信投稿。内容包括：
1.乱扔口罩的现象；
2.乱扔口罩的危害及应对措施；
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9．（2021·全国·高三二模）假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对北京正在实行的垃圾分类 (garbage classification) 很感兴趣。他向你咨询相关信息，请给他回信。内容包括：
1．垃圾分类的益处；
2．你周边的实施情况；
3．你的感受。
参考词：recyclable, kitchen waste, harmful waste, other waste
注意：1．词数不少于50；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
I’m glad to hear that you’re interested in garbage classification in Beijing
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
10．（2021·江苏·高一期中）假定你是李华，受学生会委托，围绕“垃圾分类，保护环境”这一主题，为学校宣传栏“英语天地”写一封倡议书，内容包括:
1. 倡议的原因和目的；2. 倡议的具体内容；3. 发出倡议。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使全文连贯。
参考词汇:垃圾分类garbage sorting；区分differentiate
Dear friends，
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．Dear Bella,
Learning from your e-mail that you want to know something about domestic garbage sorting in our country, I'd like to share it with you.
Garbage sorting is not only beneficial to the environment, but can save lots of natural resources. In our city, measures have been taken. For example, various activities have been organized to stress the importance and there're dustbins with signs of recyclable, harmful and kitchen waste so that citizens can know clearly where to put the garbage.
Since the measures are reasonable and favorable, we should stick to them. I hold the belief that our environment will be improved as long as we keep working together.
What's your idea about garbage sorting Please write to me.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给澳大利亚笔友Bella回信，告诉他我国城市生活垃圾分类回收的情况，包括对生活垃圾分类回收的理解，垃圾分类回收的好做法，以及对实施生活垃圾分类回收的看法与建议。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
相信：hold the belief →hold the view/be convinced
强调：stress →emphasize/attach importance to
有益的：be beneficial→be of benefit
共同努力：keep working together → make joint effort
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In our city, measures have been taken.
拓展句：In the city where we lived, measures have been taken.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Learning from your e-mail that you want to know something about domestic garbage sorting in our country, I'd like to share it with you.(运用了分词作状语和that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] I hold the belief that our environment will be improved as long as we keep working together.(运用了that引导的同位语从句和as long as 引导的条件状语从句)
2．Dear students,
I’m writing this letter to call on attention to the lecture concerning garbage classification. Considering that most students fail to classify garbage properly though they really try to, our club will organize this lecture in an attempt to guide this deed.
Garbage classification is of great significance. Firstly, not only can it cope with pollution issue effectively but more space originally occupied by wasteland will be spared. Secondly, we can undoubtedly make a difference by taking advantage of recyclable garbage.
To fulfill your obligation to live an eco-life, come and join in the lecture to be given at 3 p. m. next Sunday on the playground of our school. Only with combined efforts can we make our life better.
Yours，
English club
【解析】
【详解】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文邀请信，假定你是李华，你校英语社团（English Club)计划下周末举行一次关于垃圾分类的讲座，请你代表社团写一封公开邀请信，内容包括：1 .垃圾分类的好处；2.讲座具体时间和地点；3.邀请学生参加。
【详解】
1词汇积累
尝试：make an attempt to→ in an attempt to
很重要：be of great importance →be of great significance
利用：make use of→ take advantage of
处理：deal with→ cope with
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Considering that most students fail to classify garbage properly though they really try to, our club will organize this lecture in an attempt to guide this deed.
拓展句：Our club will organize this lecture in an attempt to guide this deed that most students fail to classify garbage properly though they really try to.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Considering that most students fail to classify garbage properly though they really try to, our club will organize this lecture in an attempt to guide this deed.(运用了现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2] Only with combined efforts can we make our life better.(运用了倒装句)
3．Dear students,
I’m writing this letter to call on attention to the lecture concerning garbage classification. Given that most students fail to classify garbage properly though they really try to, our club will organize this lecture in an attempt to guide this deed. Garbage classification is of great significance.
Firstly, not only can it cope with pollution issue effectively but more space originally occupied by wasteland will be spared. Secondly, we can undeniably make a difference by taking advantage of recyclable garbage.
To fulfill your obligation to live an eco-life, come and join in the lecture to be given at 3 p. m. next Sunday on the playground of our school. Only with combined efforts can we make our life better.
Yours,
English club
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生代表社团写一封公开邀请信，邀请他们参与学校英语杜团（English Club）计划的下周末举行的关于垃圾分类的讲座。
【详解】
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时,少量现在进行时等。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1. 垃圾分类的好处；
2. 讲座具体时间和地点；
3. 邀请学生参加。
第二步：列提纲（重点词组）
the lecture concerning garbage classification; guide this deed; of great significance; cope with pollution issue; more space; make a difference; the lecture to be given at 3 p. m. next Sunday; on the playground of our school; make our life better.
第三步：连词成句
1. I’m writing this letter to call on attention to the lecture concerning garbage classification.
2. Given that most students fail to classify garbage properly though they really try to, our club will organize this lecture in an attempt to guide this deed.
3. Garbage classification is of great significance.
4. Firstly, not only can it cope with pollution issue effectively but more space originally occupied by wasteland will be spared.
5. Secondly, we can undeniably make a difference by taking advantage of recyclable garbage.
6. To fulfill your obligation to live an eco-life, come and join in the lecture to be given at 3 p. m. next Sunday on the playground of our school.
7. Only with combined efforts can we make our life better.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：Firstly, Secondly
2.表并列补充关系：not only…but (also)
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Given that most students fail to classify garbage properly though they really try to, our club will organize this lecture in an attempt to guide this deed.(过去分词短语作状语)
[高分句型2] Firstly, not only can it cope with pollution issue effectively but more space originally occupied by wasteland will be spared.(衔接词not only…but (also)的运用以及否定词开头的半倒装结构)
[高分句型3] Only with combined efforts can we make our life better.( Only+状语引起的半倒装句型)
4．This year, our city is carrying out a program, which called on everyone to throw rubbish into the right dustbin according to the four categories. Teachers and students in our school takes part in the activity actively.
In order to protect our environment, the waste classification activity was launched last month in our city. People are required to sort garbage into different categories such as harmful waste, recyclables and kitchen waste, each of which is supposed to be thrown into a different bin. At first, people are confused about which category the rubbish belonged to, but with the help of the posters, we're doing a much better job now.
Waste Classification is environmentally friendly. In the long run，the result is well worth our efforts. Let's work together to make our city more beautiful!
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生为班级英语角写一篇短文，介绍垃圾分类活动，内容包括：基本情况；具体做法；个人感受。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
参加：take part in→ participate in
从长远角度看：in the long run→ in the long term
在……帮助下：with the help of→ with the aid/assistance of
共同努力：work together→ make joint effort
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：In the long run, the result is well worth our efforts. Let's work together to make our city more beautiful!
拓展句：In the long run, the result is well worth our efforts, so Let's work together to make our city more beautiful!
【点睛】
[高分句型1] This year, our city is carrying out a program ,which called on everyone to throw rubbish into the right dustbin according to the four categories. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] At first, people are confused about which category the rubbish belonged to, but with the help of the posters, we're doing a much better job now.(运用了which引导的宾语从句)
5． Waste Classification
Recently, our school is carrying out a program, which calls on everyone to throw rubbish into the right dustbin according to the four categories. Teachers and students take part in the program actively.
We are required to sort garbage into different categories such as harmful waste, recyclables and kitchen waste, each of which is supposed to be thrown into a different bin. At first, we find it difficult to sort waste in a correct way. But with the help of our teachers, we are doing a much better job now.
I think waste classification is environmentally friendly. In the long run, the result is well worth our efforts.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为学校的英语报写一篇简讯，介绍学校的垃圾分类活动。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
参加：take part in→participate in
应该做某事：be supposed to do→be expected to do
起初，一开始：at first→at the beginning
在某人的帮助下：with the help of sb.→with sb’s help
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：At first, we find it difficult to sort waste in a correct way.
拓展句：At first, we find that sorting waste in a correct way is difficult.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】Recently, our school is carrying out a program, which calls on everyone to throw rubbish into the right dustbin according to the four categories.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】I think waste classification is environmentally friendly.（运用了that引导的宾语从句，省略了that）
6．One Possible Version:
Dear fellow students,
Currently, a campaign of garbage classification is being launched in our school, which aims to improve our study environment and educate the students on the urgency and necessity of waste sorting.
Given that most of the waste in our school and community usually ends up in the landfill, the campaign makes a lot sense. It helps to keep the trash where it belongs, thus reducing the amount of money spent on garbage services and even litter collection. Additionally, the students’ habits of properly disposing of the garbage will be developed and such habits will be carried into their adult years.
Therefore, as students, we should take responsibility and start from “me” to get the waste sorted. I’ m strongly convinced that only with everyone’s contribution and participation can the campaign work wonders.
Students Union
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生代表学生会用英语写封倡议信，向全校学生发出“垃圾分类，从我做起”的倡议。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
旨在：aim to do →be intended to do
减少：reduce →decrease
因此：Therefore→so/thus/hence
参与：participate in→take part in
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：It helps to keep the trash where it belongs, thus reducing the amount of money spent on garbage services and even litter collection.
扩充句：It helps to keep the trash where it belongs so that we can reduce the amount of money spent on garbage services and even litter collection.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】Given that most of the waste in our school and community usually ends up in the landfill, the campaign makes a lot sense. （运用了that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】I’ m strongly convinced that only with everyone’s contribution and participation can the campaign work wonders.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
7．Dear students,
I’m James from the school Environmental Association.
Recently, I have noticed that there is a lot of rubbish pollution in our school. For example, some students throw away disposable lunch boxes, plastic bags and water bottles at will. We need to realize that this is very bad behavior, which will not only damage the environment, but also affect our health.
We call on students to take actions to put an end to garbage pollution and build a beautiful campus. First, sort the rubbish and put it in the dustbin. Secondly, try to use less disposable lunch boxes and plastic bags. Then, when eating, choose the right amount of meals to avoid waste, resulting in kitchen waste. Finally, if you find garbage, please clean it up in time.
I believe that with our joint efforts, our campus will soon take on a new look. Let's all do our part.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求假定你是来自校环保协会的James，关注到学校最近环境污染严重。请给全体同学写一封信，呼吁所有同学一起行动起来保护校园环境。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
注意：notice→pay attention to
例如：for example→such as
随意：at will→at random
意识到：realize→understand
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：We call on students to take actions to put an end to garbage pollution and build a beautiful campus.
拓展句：We call on students to take actions to put an end to garbage pollution , which will build a beautiful campus.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] We need to realize that this is very bad behavior, which will not only damage the environment, but also affect our health. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] I believe that with our joint efforts, our campus will soon take on a new look. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
8．Dear schoolmates,
Recently I have noticed that some students throw away abandoned masks causally and the campus has been littered with discarded masks everywhere. Littering masks may cause unimaginable consequences, such as the spread of infectious diseases and great harm to the environment.
So how to deal with the abandoned masks is our top priority. First of all, a unified collection should be carried out and a fixed recycling can for masks should be placed. Furthermore, it is necessary to disinfect the garbage cans to prevent the spread of harmful germs effectively.
It’s time for our school to launch a campaign to teach students how to dispose of the masks properly and keep our campus clean and tidy. Let's get started!
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生为校英文校报计划举行的“妥善处理口罩，共创卫生校园”活动写一封倡议信投稿，分析乱扔口罩的现象及危害，给出应对措施。
【详解】
1. 词汇积累
废弃的：deserted→abandoned
结果：result→consequence
固定的：settled→fixed
开展一项活动：carry out an activity→launch a campaign
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Furthermore, it is necessary to disinfect the garbage cans to prevent the spread of harmful germs effectively.
拓展句：In addition, trash cans should be disinfected so that the spread of harmful bacteria can be prevented effectively.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Recently I have noticed that some students throw away abandoned masks causally and the campus has been littered with discarded masks everywhere. (运用了宾语从句)
[高分句型2] First of all, a unified collection should be carried out and a fixed recycling can for masks should be placed. (运用了并列句)
9．One possible version:
Dear Jim,
I’m glad to hear that you’re interested in garbage classification in Beijing. I am writing to introduce it to you.
Garbage classification has lots of benefits. Not only is it beneficial to people’s living environment but also it helps us make good use of the limited natural resources.
For that, Beijing has made a policy on garbage classification, which is warmly welcomed. Most families in our community buy garbage cans based on the four main categories: recyclables, kitchen waste, harmful waste and other waste, and sort them carefully before taking them outside. Besides, volunteers stand by the garbage area to help residents put the different kinds of garbage into the right cans. What’s more, to encourage more people to take part in this activity, the community give some rewards such as green plants/greenery to those who do well in garbage classification at the end of each month.
I find it important and worthwhile to classify waste. As members of the global village, we should love and protect our environment. I will continue learning to make my hometown a better place. If you have any questions, please contact me.
Best wishes,
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友写封回信，介绍关于北京正在实行的垃圾分类的举措。
【详解】
1. 词汇积累
有益的：helpful→beneficial
类别：sort/class→category
充分利用：make the most/best of→make good use of
根据，基于：according to→based on
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I find it important and worthwhile to classify waste.
拓展句：I think it's important and worthwhile to separate the waste.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Not only is it beneficial to people’s living environment but also it helps us make good use of the limited natural resources. (运用了not only… but also引导的并列句且使用了倒装语序)
[高分句型2] What’s more, to encourage more people to take part in this activity, the community give some rewards such as green plants/greenery to those who do well in garbage classification at the end of each month. (运用了who引导的定语从句)
10．Dear friends,
Our school produces a lot of rubbish every day, such as leftover food, waste paper and plastic bottles, which brings a wide range of environmental problems as well as the waste of resources. Therefore, it's time that we took immediate action to change the situation.
　　First of all, it is necessary for us to raise awareness of environmental protection and develop the good habit of garbage sorting. What's more, we should voluntarily differentiate recyclable rubbish from non-recyclables in our daily life.
In a word, if everyone does his/her bit responsibly in garbage sorting, our school will become better and better.
The Students Union
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生围绕“垃圾分类，保护环境”这一主题，为学校宣传栏“英语天地”写一封倡议书。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
垃圾：litter→ rubbish / garbage/waste
剩饭：waste food →leftover food
大量的：a lot of →a wide range of
分类：separate… from… →differentiate … from …
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Therefore, it's time that we took immediate action to change the situation.
拓展句：Since not-well organized rubbish can have so many bad effects on our daily life, it's time that we took immediate action to change the situation.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Our school produces a lot of rubbish every day, such as leftover food, waste paper and plastic bottles, which brings a wide range of environmental problems as well as the waste of resources. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] First of all, it is necessary for us to raise awareness of environmental protection and develop the good habit of garbage sorting. (运用了it作形式主语)

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