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第2讲　夹叙夹议文
夹叙夹议文的完形填空一般有以下三种结构特点：
1．事例→观点：先叙述一件事情，然后针对这件事情发表自己的看法或揭示生活的真理。
2．观点→事例：先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例来说明。一般是一个事例，有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明。
3．观点→事例→观点：首先提出一种观点或看法，然后用事例说明，最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。
常用以下方法来解此类型试题：
解题要领 内容解读
分析结构，抓住作者的观点 借助文章结构，即事例→观点，观点→事例，观点→事例→观点，体会记叙和议论的关系，抓住作者的观点，明确文章的组织方式。看文章属于上述哪种结构，从而明白作者的写作思路。
重视首句，把握文章主题 首句往往是文章的关键句、引题句或主题句。通过首句可以初步判断文章的写作中心，为全面理解文章打开一扇“窗户”。
叙议兼顾，理解议论内涵 夹叙夹议文中叙与议是一个有机的整体，叙是议的基础，而议是叙的升华。在读这类文章时，掌握议论部分的内容是关键，因为叙述是为作者的议论而服务的。所以只有把故事和哲理联系起来，再结合对人物心理和行为的描述，全面把握文章才能正确解题。
抓住转换，理清逻辑关系 抓住记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式，理清上下文之间的逻辑关系，在充分把握语境的基础上，辨析词语，进一步把握作者的观点、态度，找到正确答案。
(2020·天津3月改编)
For the past ten years，my dad and I have attended the same school—he as an administrator and I as a student.Our relationship，in and out of school，has been totally unpredictable.
When I was younger，all that my dad said was doctrine(信条) and anything he did I， 1 ，copied.As I grew older，we were not as 2 as we used to be.He wasn’t cool anymore.He listened to 3 country music and laughed too loudly in front of my friends.He became a total embarrassment.
However，the 4 that occurred in school were even worse.This 5 continued into high school，but we somehow began to find a balance.Things started to 6 around the time of my 10th-grade physics project.The 7 was to build a wood bridge with the best strength-to-weight ratio(比率)．All the students and physics teachers 8 .So did my dad，the only administrator! Embarrassed，as usual，I 9 the scene. 10 ，later when I learned from my friends that my dad defeated all competitors and won everyone’s admiration，I found that mixed in with my 11 was a touch of pride.
I had needed someone else to show me what I 12 in my dad.It wasn’t the fact that he’d won；it was more than that.I began to 13 many of the same values and sometimes the same opinions that we have.
I feel 14 to have such an unusual father.The 15 I have developed with my dad over the years has enabled me to look back and see how I’ve grown.
1．A.temporarily B．naturally
C．originally D．passively
答案　B
解析　temporarily暂时地；naturally自然地；originally起初；passively被动地。既然父亲说的都是信条，那作者自然地只有照做的份。
2．A.close B．reliable
C．generous D．confident
答案　A
解析　close亲密的；reliable可靠的，值得信赖的；generous大方的；confident自信的。下一句“He wasn’t cool anymore.”表明作者和父亲没有那么亲密无间了。
3．A.creative B．familiar
C．horrible D．live
答案　C
解析　creative创造性的；familiar熟悉的；horrible极讨厌的；live鲜活的。根据“He became a total embarrassment.”可知，作者认为父亲听的乡村音乐令人生厌。
4．A.failures B．coincidences
C．competitions D．disasters
答案　D
解析　failure失败；coincidence巧合；competition竞赛；disaster灾难。根据“even worse”可知，在学校里发生的是灾难。
5．A.debate B．party
C．progress D．struggle
答案　D
解析　debate争论；party党派；progress进步；struggle斗争，挣扎。多年来的经历告诉我们作者内心是纠结的，挣扎于与父亲的关系上。
6．A.happen B．change
C．grow D．disappear
答案　B
解析　happen发生；change改变；grow生长；disappear消失。根据下文“I found that mixed in with my was a touch of pride”可知，事情开始在作者十年级物理课项目上发生了变化。
7．A.issue B．task
C．lesson D．procedure
答案　B
解析　issue问题；task任务；lesson教训；procedure程序，步骤。建造木桥是此次项目的任务。
8．A.participated B．protested
C．hesitated D．explored
答案　A
解析　participate参加；protest抗议；hesitate犹豫；explore探索。所有的同学和物理老师都参与进来了。
9．A.fled B．investigated
C．pictured D．made
答案　A
解析　flee逃离；investigate调查；picture画画；make制造。根据上文“Embarrassed，as usual”可知，像往常一样作者感到尴尬，所以逃离了现场。
10．A.Instead B．Otherwise
C．Therefore D．However
答案　D
解析　instead相反，取而代之；otherwise要不然的话；therefore因此；however然而。根据下文“a touch of pride”可知，这与之前作者认为父亲的行为让作者尴尬的态度形成一个意义上的转折。
11．A.confusion B．encouragement
C．embarrassment D．fascination
答案　C
解析　confusion困惑；encouragement鼓励；embarrassment尴尬；fascination魅力。根据上文“He became a total embarrassment.”可知，作者发现自己的尴尬中混合了一丝自豪。
12．A.recommended B．tolerated
C．doubted D．appreciated
答案　D
解析　recommend推荐；tolerate忍受，忍耐；doubt怀疑；appreciate欣赏，感激。上句说有一丝的自豪感，自然对父亲有一丝欣赏的感觉。
13．A.be aware of B．call for
C．argue for D．bring about
答案　A
解析　be aware of知道，意识到；call for要求，需要；argue for为……辩论；bring about导致。根据“many of the same values and sometimes the same opinions”可知，作者开始意识到和父亲有很多相同的价值观，而且有时候有很多相同的观点。
14．A.puzzled B．fortunate
C．concerned D．awkward
答案　B
解析　puzzled困惑的；fortunate幸运的；concerned关心的，担忧的；awkward尴尬的，令人难堪的。根据“such an unusual father”可知，有这样不同寻常的父亲当然是幸运的。
15．A.strategy B．habit
C．relationship D．potential
答案　C
解析　strategy方法，策略；habit习惯；relationship关系；potential潜力。根据“has enabled me to look back and see how I’ve grown”可知，这些年来，作者和父亲建立的关系使得作者能回顾过去，看到自己是如何成长的。
中心思想 通过记叙作者与父亲的关系的演变见证了作者的成长。
叙述角度 第一人称
语篇结构 事例→观点
写作要素 my dad；I；younger；grew older；high school；10th-grade physics project；a touch of pride；an unusual father
写作目的 体现了“人与自我——积极的生活态度”的主题
技法四　析逻辑，索答案
语篇是由一些意义相关的句子根据一定的逻辑关系组织起来的语义整体。逻辑关系隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中，体现作者的写作思路和篇章意义，是贯穿整篇文章的主线。完形填空中的任何一道题该选哪个选项，在文中必有依据。因此，解答完形填空最基本的方法就是根据空格前后所提供的信息或上下文之间的逻辑关系，由逻辑关系中已知部分推断出未知部分，做出符合逻辑的判断。本文第10题可根据对立关系解题。
下面是完形填空中主要考查的七大逻辑关系：
(1)对立关系
对立关系包括让步、对比和转折关系，常见的标志词和短语有：but，however，yet(然而，但是)，on the contrary(相反)，by contrast(相比之下)，unfortunately，although，even though，while，nevertheless(然而，不过)，whereas(然而)，in spite of(尽管)，regardless of(不管，不顾)，anyhow，after all(毕竟)，instead of(而不是)，rather than(而不是)，not...but...，otherwise(否则)，or else，to the opposite(对立面)，compared with等。
真题体验1　(2020·天津)
He has recently made a significant 16.discovery—loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes，but it can be 17 in a clever way.The 18.solution？Chat benches.
17．A.experienced B．suffered
C．prevented D．felt
答案　C
解析　根据空格前的but与空格后的“in a clever way”及“Chat benches.”可知，虽然孤独会导致很多问题，但可以通过长椅聊天的方式来预防(prevent)。
真题体验2　(2017·江苏)
...He swore to himself to 39.avoid music，as he hated getting to school extra early.
40 ，one day，in the music class that was 41.part of his school’s standard curriculum，he was playing idly(随意地) on the piano and found it 42.easy to pick out tunes.
40．A.Therefore B．However
C．Thus D．Moreover
答案　B
解析　本空应用过渡词，后文提到他在随意地弹钢琴(playing idly on the piano)，由此可知他开始接触乐器了，与上文构成语意上的转折关系，因此选however“可是”。therefore和thus表示因果关系；moreover表示递进关系。
(2)并列和递进关系
并列和递进关系常用的标志词和短语有：and，even，or，neither...nor...，not only...but (also)...，similarly等。
真题体验3　(2019·北京)
The students who he’s 15.driven have gone on to become physicians，teachers and engineers，but what they’ve also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson.Some students 16 call him “Grandpa”．
16．A.even B．ever
C．once D．already
答案　A
解析　根据语境，此处表示这些大学生视威尔逊为楷模和朋友，甚至(even)亲切地叫他“爷爷”。
真题体验4　(2020·天津)
Just a few days after the signs went up，he found people sitting there and engaging in active and 28 conversations.
28．A.formal B．joyful
C．awkward D．crazy
答案　B
解析　空格前的and连接两个表达相同感彩的词，均用来修饰conversations。由active可知，人们进行着积极愉快的(joyful)谈话。
(3)目的和因果关系
目的和因果关系常用的标志词和短语有：because，for，since，as，thus(因此)，hence(因此)，therefore，so，so...that，such...that，in order that，in case，consequently(因此)，accordingly，due to，thanks to，on account of(由于，因为)，because of，seeing that(由于，因为)，in that(因为)，now that，as a result，for this reason等。
真题体验5　(2021·浙江)
My mother was so 51.touched by her gesture that she decided to go back to the store and give the cashier(收银员) a five-dollar bill to keep on hand 52 the same happened to someone else if they didn’t have enough 53.money for all of their groceries.
52．A.in case B．even if
C．as though D．so that
答案　A
解析　in case以防万一；even if即使；as though好像；so that以便。根据语境可知，受到陌生女士的启发，作者的母亲决定在收银台放5美元，以防别人也遇到类似的情况。
(4)条件关系
条件关系常用的标志词和短语有：if，unless，whether，supposing，on condition that，provided that，depending on等。
经典体验6　(2019·江苏镇江一模)
As you mark off another “Earth Day” in your calendars，content that for at least 24 hours I remained in your thoughts，I wanted to remind you that I am sick.I’m frightened that 1 I can’t soon receive the appropriate medicine and care I need，my illness will become terminal beyond all cures.
1．A.when B．though
C．if D．unless
答案　C
解析　句意为：我担心如果我不能很快地得到我所需要的适当的药物和护理，就会变成不治之症。if引导条件状语从句。
(5)时间关系
时间关系常用的标志词和短语有：before，since，as，until，meanwhile，at the moment，when，whenever，as soon as等。
真题体验7　(2020·江苏)
For him，it was one thing to 49.accept his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue 50 it could be fixed so easily.This moved him to action.
50．A.until B．when
C．unless D．before
答案　B
解析　根据下文“This moved him to action.”可知，对他来说在可以如此容易解决的情况下，让事情继续下去完全是另一回事。when“当……的时候”，符合此处语境。
(6)层次和顺序关系
层次和顺序关系常用的标志词和短语有：besides，finally，first，firstly，further，eventually，in the first place，last，next，second，secondly，third，thirdly，to begin with，to start with，on the one hand，on the other hand等。
真题体验8　(2018·江苏)
49 ，the couple found that their bodies turned for the better，with re-found strong muscles that they thought had 50.lost forever.
49．A.Initially B．Eventually
C．Temporarily D．Consequently
答案　B
解析　最后(eventually)，夫妻俩发现他们的身体都有所好转。initially最初；temporarily临时地；consequently因此，所以。
(7)例证关系
例证关系常用的标志词和短语有：all in all，altogether，in brief，in sum，in conclusion，in short，in summary，on the whole，to sum up，to summarize，as a proof，as an example，for example，for instance，in particular，just as，namely，such as，that is，as to，say等。
经典体验9
“I hope this method would be put into practice in the near future， 1 in the next 10 years，” he says.
1．A.imagine B．say
C．suppose D．consider
答案　B
解析　say在此处用作举例，意为“譬如，比方说”。
技法五　据搭配，知答案
完形填空中，有时会涉及短语，以动词短语为主，偶见介词短语等。解题时，可以通过仔细观察和回忆所学知识，进行有效推断，选择正确答案。
真题体验　(2021·天津3月)With that thought in mind，Pruitt 22 a plan and posted it on the community website.He 23 to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it.He also asked for unwanted bikes，which he would repair—again 24.for free.And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn’t have the 25.budget to buy one.
22．A.came up with B．stuck to
C．gave up D．broke away from
答案　A
解析　come up with提出；stick to坚持；give up放弃；break away from脱离。根据后文“a plan and posted it on the community website”可知，此处指想出了一个计划，come up with符合语境。
23．A.remembered B．refused
C．hesitated D．offered
答案　D
解析　remember to do sth.记得未做的事；refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事；hesitate to do sth.犹豫做某事；offer to do sth.主动提出做某事。结合后文“to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it”指Pruitt提议为他人免费修车。
技法六　重平行，觅逻辑
文章中的意群总是通过一定的逻辑关系连在一起，特别是并列平行的结构。这些结构要么通过标点符号体现，要么通过并列连词连接。一般来说，这些平行结构所表达的语境是一致的，考生解题时要特别注意这一点。
真题体验　(2020·全国Ⅰ)
One day they’ll 47 and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a 48.lie.
47．A.win out B．give up
C．wake up D．stand out
答案　C
解析　根据空格后的discover可知，此处表示总有一天孩子们会醒悟过来(wake up)。win out终于成功；give up放弃；stand out突出，显眼。
(2021·重庆酉阳一中高考预测)
Very few of us become fluent in another language by learning it in high school.
I went to university and then moved across the country to seek a 1 job，married and raised children.I made an effort to keep the little bit of French I learned in school，but eventually I realized that this was really 2 .I was quite aware that new languages are best learned when young，and that our abilities in that regard decline with 3 .
However，just before my 50th birthday，I 4 French classes.After I was tested to see which group I belonged to，I was placed at almost the introductory level.When I looked around at my first class，I was 5 that many of the students were learning French as a third，fourth or even fifth language.
Contrary to my 6 that learning a new language was impossibly difficult，there were people who learned new languages as a matter of course.While I had always thought of myself as a 7 learner，that was no longer the case.I 8 new vocabulary rather slowly.What I learned one week seemed to 9 as soon as I learned the next skill.I had to look up the same words and language structures over and over.Now，after several years of learning，I can listen to the news in French and 10 90% of it on the first try，read a novel if the language isn’t too 11 and hold up my end of a conversation if it doesn’t go too fast.I’ve met people from around the world and all walks of life who have the 12 to make fools of themselves in order to learn something new.I’ve been taught by patient and inspirational teachers from many corners of the world.Listening to the news as it is 13 to the people of France，I have a renewed understanding of how something can look 14 different from another viewpoint.I’ve learned that a language is not just a set of words，but a way of thinking.But most of all，I’ve learned that it is never too 15 to learn something new.
语篇解读　这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了作者在50岁学习法语，历经几年的努力，终于大概掌握这门语言的过程。同时，作者还介绍了自己的一些感想和体会。
1．A.demanding B．temporary
C．meaningful D．popular
答案　A
解析　demanding要求高的；temporary暂时的；meaningful有意义的；popular流行的，受欢迎的。根据前面“moved across the country”可知，作者大学毕业之后，到全国各地去找工作，由此推知，作者应该是想找一份好工作，根据常识可知，好工作往往要求比较高。
2．A.helpful B．pointless
C．worthwhile D．necessary
答案　B
解析　helpful有帮助的；pointless无意义的；worthwhile值得的；necessary必要的。根据but可知，作者想保持在学校学的那一点法语，但最终意识到自己的努力是“没有意义的”。
3．A.health B．concern
C．interest D．age
答案　D
解析　health健康；concern关心；interest兴趣；age年龄。根据前一句“new languages are best learned when young”可以推知，语言学习能力会随着年龄的增长而衰退。
4．A.got ready for B．got on with
C．signed up for D．fell in love with
答案　C
解析　get ready for为……做好准备；get on with和……相处；sign up for报名参加；fall in love with爱上。根据下一句可知，作者经过测试被安置到入门级别。由此推知，作者报名参加了法语班。
5．A.disappointed B．amazed
C．annoyed D．excited
答案　B
解析　disappointed失望的；amazed惊奇的；annoyed恼怒的，生气的；excited兴奋的。许多学生都在把法语作为第三、第四甚至第五种语言来学习，这是出乎作者意料的，因此作者非常“惊讶”。
6．A.agreement B．research
C．assumption D．conclusion
答案　C
解析　agreement协议，一致；research研究；assumption假定，设想；conclusion结论。学习一门新语言是非常困难的，这是作者初学这门语言时的“设想”。
7．A.clumsy B．confident
C．serious D．quick
答案　D
解析　clumsy笨拙的；confident有信心的；serious严肃的；quick快速的。根据下文中的“that was no longer the case”和“rather slowly”可知，作者学习新词汇相当慢。由此推知，他原本认为自己学东西很快，而实际情况并非如此。
8．A.absorbed B．consulted
C．created D．recognized
答案　A
解析　absorb吸收；consult咨询；create创造；recognize认出。作者学习(吸收)新词汇的速度相当慢。
9．A.go down B．slip away
C．pay off D．build up
答案　B
解析　go down下降；slip away逃走，悄悄溜走；pay off还清；build up建造。根据下文“I had to look up the same words...over and over.”可知，作者学会下一个技能，前一周刚学的东西就会被忘记，即前一周学的东西“溜走”了。
10．A.catch B．recite
C．guess D．hear
答案　A
解析　catch理解，抓住；recite背诵；guess猜测；hear听见。该句陈述作者数年的学习结果。因此，该处指作者听法语新闻时，一次可以“理解，听懂”90%的内容。
11．A.changeable B．international
C．difficult D．native
答案　C
解析　changeable常变的；international国际的；difficult困难的；native本地的，本国的。该句表达作者经过数年的学习，已经初步掌握了法语。如果一本法语小说的语言不是太难，作者也能看懂。
12．A.chance B．trick
C．courage D．desire
答案　C
解析　chance机会；trick诡计，恶作剧；courage勇气；desire欲望，要求。人们为了学习新东西，有敢于出丑的“勇气”，不怕在别人面前丢脸。
13．A.announced B．sent
C．returned D．presented
答案　D
解析　announce宣布；send派遣；return返回；present颁发，授予，播出。根据Listening可知，当新闻被播出时，作者听这些新闻。
14．A.completely B．equally
C．roughly D．slightly
答案　A
解析　completely完全地；equally平等地；roughly粗略地；slightly稍微地。根据前面的“renewed understanding”可知，从另一个角度，我们对事物会有“完全”不同的理解。
15．A.slow B．impossible
C．inconvenient D．late
答案　D
解析　slow慢的；impossible不可能的；inconvenient不方便的；late晚的，迟到的。作者在50多岁开始学习法语，经过几年的学习，不仅初通法语，而且还有很多感悟。由此可知，作者认为学习新东西什么时候都不晚。
强化练(二十一)　夹叙夹议文(1)
A
(2021·海南海口调研)
This Father’s Day certainly seems different to me.My 1 as a father during the pandemic(大流行病) has taught me something new and special about fatherhood.
I’m a photographer and have to travel frequently. 2 ，living in isolation brought me closer to my son Diego.We 3 every corner of the house together：reading on the sofa，watching movies in the bedroom and grilling on the roof.Now 4 always yelling，“Mommy，Mommy，” my son screams，“Daddy！” That makes me 5 .I’m so thankful for this unexpected gift of a deeper 6 with my son.
On our first day of freedom after two months of isolation，I discovered Diego had lost his familiarity with 7 .While visiting a park in the city，I noticed that he was even 8 of ants.So my wife and I arranged a trip to the 9 .My father joined us and，for a couple of days，three 10 —my father，my son and I—found ourselves walking in the woods.
The pandemic allowed me to take the time to 11 on what it means to be a father，with the honor and duty to 12 my parents’ teachings to my son.Of course，I really 13 the time I spent working in the field.But I’ve 14 a lot of time with my family，especially with my 15 .I used to think that without photography，I was nothing.Now I see that，without love，I am less than nothing.
语篇解读　这是一篇夹叙夹议文。在疫情期间，与世隔绝的生活让“我”离儿子更近了。“我”意识到了和家人在一起的时间的珍贵和重要性。
1．A.knowledge B．promise
C．experience D．performance
答案　C
解析　knowledge知识；promise承诺；experience经历；performance表演。根据“during the pandemic(大流行病)”可知，此处是指在疫情大流行期间“我”作为父亲的经历。
2．A.Gradually B．Hopefully
C．Strangely D．Luckily
答案　D
解析　gradually渐渐地；hopefully有希望地；strangely奇怪地；luckily幸运地。根据前文“I’m a photographer and have to travel frequently.”可知，因为经常出差，所以在与世隔绝时和儿子变得亲近是一件幸运的事。
3．A.enjoyed B．cleared
C．searched D．decorated
答案　A
解析　enjoy享受；clear清理；search搜查；decorate装饰。根据“reading on the sofa，watching movies in the bedroom and grilling on the roof”可知，“我们”一起享受房子的每一个角落。
4．A.due to B．regardless of
C．along with D．instead of
答案　D
解析　due to因为；regardless of不顾，不管；along with连同……一起；instead of而不是。根据“my son screams，‘Daddy！’”可知，此处是指儿子大喊“爸爸”而不是总是大喊“妈妈，妈妈”。
5．A.confused B．delighted
C．embarrassed D．surprised
答案　B
解析　confused困惑的；delighted高兴的；embarrassed尴尬的；surprised惊讶的。根据“I’m so thankful for this unexpected gift”可知，这让“我”很高兴。
6．A.communication B．relationship
C．cooperation D．satisfaction
答案　B
解析　communication交流；relationship关系；cooperation合作；satisfaction满意。根据“living in isolation brought me closer to my son Diego”可知，此处是指“我”和儿子的关系更加亲密。
7．A.people B．society
C．nature D．art
答案　C
解析　people人们；society社会；nature自然；art艺术。根据“found ourselves walking in the woods”可知，此处是指“我”的儿子已经失去了对自然的熟悉。
8．A.afraid B．fond
C．aware D．ashamed
答案　A
解析　afraid害怕的；fond喜欢的；aware意识到的；ashamed羞愧的。由上题解析可知，此处是指他甚至害怕蚂蚁。
9．A.beach B．museum
C．streets D．mountains
答案　D
解析　beach沙滩；museum博物馆；street街道；mountain山。根据“found ourselves walking in the woods”可知，此处是指“我”和妻子安排了一次爬山旅行。
10．A.branches B．generations
C．categories D．divisions
答案　B
解析　branch树枝；generation一代人；category种类；division部门。根据“my father，my son and I”可知，此处是指三代人。
11．A.reflect B．impress
C．count D．comment
答案　A
解析　reflect反思；impress使印象深刻；count数数；comment评论。根据“what it means to be a father”可知，此处是指这次疫情让“我”有时间思考作为一个父亲意味着什么。
12．A.bring up B．show off
C．pass on D．write down
答案　C
解析　bring up养育；show off炫耀；pass on传递；write down写下。根据“my parents’ teachings to my son”可知，此处是指把父母的教诲传给“我”的儿子。
13．A.imagine B．forget
C．regret D．miss
答案　D
解析　imagine想象；forget忘记；regret后悔；miss思念。根据“Of course”可知，此处是指“我”真的很怀念工作的时光。
14．A.gained B．spared
C．wasted D．saved
答案　A
解析　gain获得；spare匀出；waste浪费；save节省。根据“a lot of time with my family”可知，此处是指虽然“我”失去了很多工作的时光，但同时获得了很多和家人在一起的时间。
15．A.wife B．son
C．father D．mother
答案　B
解析　wife妻子；son儿子；father父亲；mother妈妈。根据“especially”和“living in isolation brought me closer to my son Diego”可知，此处是指尤其是和儿子在一起。
B
As a businesswoman，I care deeply about my customers.But like anyone for whom you feel affection， 1 can also drive you mad.They’ll come rushing in， 2 their handbag’s been stolen.They’ll swear that they left it in the changing room，create havoc(混乱) and then 3 it had been in their car all the time.They’ll have out half the 4 in the shop，and want the only style you don’t have left in a 5 colour.I do know how upset the shop staff can get，but I try to persuade them to keep 6 .
I remember the first really 7 customer we had at Covent Garden.She was displeased with absolutely everything，nothing was right and I was rather 8 that she became a “regular”．After a while，she 9 for the way she behaved at the beginning.She had split up with her husband the week before，was living in a flat by herself，and since she’d found it too much to cope with (应对)，she’d taken it out on 10 people.
That taught me a valuable 11 and I pass it on to the people who 12 in the market.Don’t take it 13 .If a customer is rude or difficult，just think “Maybe she’s had a row with her husband.Maybe her child’s not well.” Always water it down and don’t let your ego (自我) get in the way.If you do，you won’t be able to 14 it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that 15 everyone’s day.
语篇解读　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。商店工作人员经常会遇到难对付的顾客，作者通过自己的经历感悟到店员应该正确对待这类顾客，体谅并善待他们。
1．A.shopkeepers B．customers
C．salespersons D．receptionists
答案　B
解析　根据上一句可知作者非常关心顾客，下文举例说明了顾客的一些挑剔行为，结合But可知，此处是指顾客(customer)有时也会让人抓狂。shopkeeper店主；salesperson售货员；receptionist接待员。
2．A.saying B．pretending
C．guessing D．replying
答案　A
解析　根据上文的come rushing in和下文的their handbag’s been stolen可知，此处是指顾客冲进来说(say)自己的手提包被偷了。pretend假装；guess猜测；reply回答。
3．A.forget B．decide
C．discover D．assume
答案　C
解析　承接上文，此处是指顾客最后发现(discover)手提包一直放在自己的车里。forget忘记；decide决定；assume假定。
4．A.foods B．catalogues
C．belongings D．goods
答案　D
解析　此处谈论的是在商店里发生的顾客挑剔商品的行为，他们让店员拿出店里一半的商品(goods)来选择。food食物；catalogue目录；belongings财产，所有物。
5．A.particular B．different
C．matching D．natural
答案　A
解析　根据上文的want the only style可知，店员拿出很多商品，但顾客想要店里没有的特定(particular)颜色。different不同的；matching相配的；natural自然的。
6．A.fighting B．smiling
C．waiting D．changing
答案　B
解析　根据上文中的upset可知顾客的这种做法让店员感到恼火，用but说明作者的意图是让他们保持良好的态度，也就是要保持微笑(smile)。fight打架；wait等待；change改变。
7．A.generous B．polite
C．careless D．difficult
答案　D
解析　根据下文可知，此处举例说出作者曾经遇到过的一个难对付的(difficult)顾客。generous慷慨的；polite有礼貌的；careless粗心的。
8．A.relaxed B．delighted
C．surprised D．embarrassed
答案　C
解析　上文提到这位顾客对一切都不满意，下文提到她成了本店的常客，这令人感到意外(surprised)。relaxed放松的；delighted愉快的；embarrassed尴尬的。
9．A.searched B．argued
C．prayed D．apologized
答案　D
解析　根据下文她解释的原因可知，此处是指她为自己一开始的行为道歉(apologize)。search寻找，搜寻；argue争论，争吵；pray祈祷，祈求。
10．A.rude B．such
C．other D．lonely
答案　C
解析　她面对离婚和其他过多的压力，难免会情绪不好，因而迁怒于其他(other)人。此处take it out on表示“迁怒于……，拿……出气”。
11．A.trick B．lesson
C．skill D．trade
答案　B
解析　结合下文作者的认识可知，这件事给作者上了宝贵的一课(lesson)。teach sb.a lesson表示“给某人一个教训”。
12．A.work B．shop
C．meet D．quarrel
答案　A
解析　作者对待顾客的经验自然是想传达给那些在商场里工作(work)的人员。
13．A.kindly B．secretly
C．personally D．casually
答案　C
解析　根据下文可知，这些难应付的顾客可能遇到了某些麻烦事，店员不能太在意。take sth.personally意为“认为某事针对自己而不悦”。kindly体贴地；secretly秘密地；casually随意地。
14．A.stress B．expect
C．handle D．blame
答案　C
解析　本句用if来假设一种后果，如果你不能放下个人情绪，就无法处理(handle)这样的情况。stress强调；expect预料；blame责怪。
15．A.ruins B．makes
C．starts D．saves
答案　A
解析　根据上文的an unpleasant scene可知，遇到这种难处理的情况，处理不好会导致不愉快的场面，将会毁掉(ruin)大家的一天。
C
(2021·湖南长沙一中月考)
A daughter complained to her father about her life and how things were so hard for her.She did not know how to 1 and wanted to give up.It seemed as one problem was solved，a new one 2 .
Her father took her to the kitchen.He filled three pots with water and placed each on a high fire.Soon the pots came to a(n) 3 .In one he placed carrots，the second eggs，and the last ground coffee beans.He let them 4 and boil，without saying a word.
The daughter sucked her teeth and impatiently waited.In about twenty minutes he turned off the 5 .He fished the carrots out and placed them in a bowl.He pulled the eggs out and placed them in a bowl.Then he 6 the coffee out and placed it in a mug.Turning to her he asked，“Darling，what do you see？”
“Carrots，eggs，and coffee，” she replied.
He brought her closer and asked her to 7 the carrots，she did and noted that they were soft.He then asked her to take an egg and break it.After 8 the egg，she observed the hard-boiled egg.Finally，he asked her to sip the coffee.She 9 ，as she tasted its rich fragrance.
“What does it mean，Father？” she asked.
He explained that each of them had faced the same 10 ，boiling water，but each reacted 11 .The carrot went in strong and hard.But after being subjected to the boiling water，it softened and became weak.The egg had been 12 .Its thin outer shell had protected its liquid interior，but after sitting 13 the boiling water，its inside became hardened.The ground coffee beans were 14 ，however.After they were in the boiling water，they had changed the water.
“Which are you？” he asked his daughter.
When adversity(逆境) knocks on your door，how do you 15 ？Are you a carrot，an egg or a coffee bean
语篇解读　这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲了一个女儿向她的父亲抱怨她的生活，说她的生活很艰难。她的父亲在沸水中分别煮了三种东西：胡萝卜、鸡蛋和咖啡豆。通过和女儿一起观察这三种事物面对沸水的反应，这位父亲告诉女儿一个生活哲理：当面对困境时，自己想充当什么样的角色决定了事情的结果。
1．A.make it B．catch it
C．make up D．catch up
答案　A
解析　make it成功；catch it受责备；make up组成；catch up赶上。根据“and wanted to give up”可知她不知道怎么成功。
2．A.mattered B．arose
C．boosted D．ceased
答案　B
解析　matter要紧；arise出现；boost提高；cease停止。根据“She did not know how to and wanted to give up.”可知似乎有一个问题解决了，一个新的问题又出现了，总是不能成功，所以她想放弃。
3．A.boil B．pause
C．end D．stop
答案　A
解析　boil沸腾；pause暂停；end结束；stop停止。根据“He let them and boil，without saying a word.”可知水沸腾了。
4．A.stand B．fall
C．sit D．jump
答案　C
解析　stand站立；fall落下；sit位于；jump跳跃。根据下文“but after sitting the boiling water”可知这里是原词复现，意思是他由着水把它们煮沸。
5．A.water B．light
C．tap D．burners
答案　D
解析　water水；light光；tap水龙头；burner炉子。根据“He filled three pots with water and placed each on a high fire.”可知他关掉了火炉。
6．A.brought B．cleared
C．spooned D．carried
答案　C
解析　bring带来；clear清除；spoon舀出；carry携带。根据“and placed it in a mug”可知是用勺子舀出咖啡。
7．A.roast B．feel
C．squeeze D．smell
答案　B
解析　roast烘烤；feel触摸；squeeze挤；smell闻。根据“she did and noted that they were soft”可知她的父亲让她触摸胡萝卜。
8．A.shelling B．covering
C．frying D．laying
答案　A
解析　shell剥壳；cover遮盖；fry油炸；lay放置。根据“take an egg and break it”可知她把鸡蛋剥了壳。
9．A.cried B．sniffed
C．smiled D．complained
答案　C
解析　cry哭；sniff闻；smile微笑；complain抱怨。根据“as she tasted its rich fragrance”可知她喝到了美味的咖啡，自然是会心一笑。
10．A.adversity B．dilemma
C．thing D．occasion
答案　A
解析　adversity逆境；dilemma进退两难；thing事物；occasion时机。根据“When adversity(逆境) knocks on your door，how do you ？”可知这里意思是每种东西面临着同样的逆境——煮沸的水。
11．A.fiercely B．calmly
C．commonly D．differently
答案　D
解析　fiercely猛烈地；calmly平静地；commonly通常；differently不同地。根据下文的叙述可知，胡萝卜、鸡蛋和咖啡豆在面对煮沸的水时，反应完全不同。
12．A.soft B．fragile
C．weak D．strong
答案　B
解析　soft柔软的；fragile易碎的；weak虚弱的；strong强壮的。根据“Its thin outer shell had protected its liquid interior”以及结合生活常识，可知鸡蛋易碎。
13．A.through B．over
C．in D．front
答案　A
解析　through经由；over在……上面；in在……里面；front前面。根据“the boiling water”可知这里意思是经历了煮沸的水之后，它的内部变得坚硬了。
14．A.similar B．usual
C．original D．unique
答案　D
解析　similar相似的；usual通常的；original原来的；unique独特的。根据“After they were in the boiling water，they had changed the water.”可知咖啡豆改变了水，所以它是独特的。
15．A.avoid B．answer
C．reflect D．respond
答案　D
解析　avoid避免；answer回答；reflect反射；respond作出反应。根据“He explained...faced the same...but each reacted”可知这里意思是当逆境敲门时，你该如何应对。respond与react是同义词复现。
强化练(二十二)　夹叙夹议文(2)
A
(2021·江苏盐城三模)
Today marks World Autism(自闭症) Awareness Day.It’s an occasion to help people 1 the difficulties faced by those with autism，and those who love and care for them.A video shows some of the 2 a mom with a young autistic child faced on a 3 trip to the park.
Kristin Bruynell was at the deserted park with her 5-year-old son，Carter，as part of his birthday 4 .When she noticed a group of middle-schoolers 5 the park，she was ready to go home，knowing how 6 her son gets around groups of older kids. 7 ，the mom and son had to face it.
Gavin Mabes,13，went up to the birthday boy and started chatting to him， 8 him to play together.Soon，Gavin’s friends were joining in and 9 their support，as well as a performance of “Happy Birthday”．
For little Carter this would have been a 10 that came true：all these big kids being kind，gentle，and supportive.Yet they wouldn’t have known the great 11 this brought to Carter’s mom，Kristin，who was 12 moved by the teenagers’ generosity.This was her son’s best birthday 13 ，and it was undoubtedly a wonderful moment for her，too.
Hopefully as more people become 14 of how a little act of kindness can have such a significant impact on autistic people and their 15 ，they’ll take the time to offer a hand of friendship to those who need it the most.
语篇解读　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过描述一段关爱自闭症患儿的视频内容呼吁我们向最需要帮助的人伸出友谊之手。
1．A.explain B．analyze
C．recognize D．overcome
答案　C
解析　explain解释；analyze分析；recognize意识到；overcome克服。通过上文中的“World Autism(自闭症) Awareness Day”可推知，节日的目的是让人们意识到自闭症患者面对的艰辛。
2．A.dangers B．anxieties
C．criticisms D．emergencies
答案　B
解析　danger危险；anxiety焦虑；criticism批评；emergency突发事件。通过下文“When she noticed a group...the mom and son had to face it”可推知，此处指一位自闭症儿童的母亲面临的焦虑感。
3．A.simple B．tiring
C．hard D．lonely
答案　A
解析　simple简单的；tiring令人疲劳的；hard困难的；lonely孤独的。通过下文trip to the park可推知，这是一次简单的出行。
4．A.celebrations B．parties
C．dinners D．cards
答案　A
解析　celebration庆祝活动；party聚会；dinner晚餐；card卡片。通过上文“as part of his birthday”可知，去公园是生日庆祝的一部分。
5．A.guard B．leave
C．damage D．approach
答案　D
解析　guard监视；leave离开；damage破坏；approach接近。通过上文“a young autistic child”可知，Carter是一名自闭症儿童，根据下文“she was ready to go home”可知，当她注意到一群中学生走近公园时，Kristin Bruynell准备带着儿子回家。
6．A.relaxed B．stressed
C．delighted D．disappointed
答案　B
解析　relaxed放松的；stressed焦虑不安的；delighted高兴的；disappointed失望的。根据上文“she was ready to go home”可推知，Kristin Bruynell准备带着儿子回家是因为Carter面对身边一群大孩子会感到十分紧张。
7．A.Besides B．However
C．Instantly D．Therefore
答案　B
解析　besides除了……之外(还)；however然而；instantly立刻；therefore因此。通过下文“had to”可知，前后呈转折关系。
8．A.forcing B．allowing
C．reminding D．encouraging
答案　D
解析　force强迫；allow允许；remind提醒；encourage鼓励。通过下文“their support”可知，Gavin Mabes鼓励Carter与大家一起玩。
9．A.accepted B．obtained
C．offered D．demanded
答案　C
解析　accept接受；obtain获得；offer提供；demand要求。通过上文“Gavin’s friends were joining in”以及下文“their support”可知，Gavin的朋友也加入，一起向Carter提供支持和鼓励。
10．A.lie B．plan
C．suggestion D．dream
答案　D
解析　lie谎言；plan计划；suggestion建议；dream梦想。通过下文“all these big kids being kind，gentle，and supportive”可知，对Carter来说，这些大孩子真诚友善，就像他梦想成真的场景一样。
11．A.joy B．worry
C．pride D．respect
答案　A
解析　joy欢乐；worry担心；pride自豪；respect尊敬。通过下文“moved by the teenagers’ generosity”可知，少年们的行为给Carter的母亲Kristin带来了欢乐。
12．A.accidentally B．hardly
C．freely D．visibly
答案　D
解析　accidentally意外地；hardly几乎不；freely自由地；visibly明显地。通过下文“it was undoubtedly a wonderful moment for her”可推知，Kristin明显被少年们的慷慨感动。
13．A.once B．ever
C．yet D．already
答案　B
解析　once曾经；ever曾经；yet还；already已经。通过上文“This was her son’s best birthday”可知，Kristin认为这是她儿子有史以来度过的最美好的一次生日，ever与最高级连用，表示“有史以来”。
14．A.aware B．proud
C．ignorant D．doubtful
答案　A
解析　aware意识到的；proud自豪的；ignorant不了解的；doubtful不确定的。此处呼应开头“Today marks World Autism(自闭症) Awareness Day.”并总结全文，即作者希望越来越多的人意识到自己小小的善举可以给自闭症患者带来重大的影响，become aware of意识到。
15．A.nurses B．doctors
C．carers D．assistants
答案　C
解析　nurse护士；doctor医生；carer护理者；assistant助手。通过上文可知，自闭症儿童Carter的母亲也被善良的孩子们的慷慨所感动，故此处是说小小的善举对自闭症患者和他们的护理者都有重大的影响。
B
(2021·江苏模拟)
I was born legally blind.Of all the stories of my early childhood，the one about a 1 is my mother’s favorite.
I was only two when the 2 occurred.We had just arrived home from a trip.Mom lifted me out of the car and 3 to speak to the driver.I took advantage of my brief 4 to dash across the lawn(草坪)—and hit a large maple tree! I was running so fast that I bounced off the trunk and landed on my backside.Mom 5 me to start crying，but I just sat there for a minute.Then I 6 myself up and kept right on going.
Mom loves to use this story as an 7 .It reminds her that children don’t enter life 8 to take risks or unwilling to 9 again when they fall down.She never wanted me to lose that toughness as I grew older.When I 10 my major life decisions，I was still that little girl tearing full-speed across the lawn.I studied abroad and later moved away from my parents’ home to look for a 11 .Through years of 12 ，I have become a respected teacher in a school serving high-need students.
We are almost certain to get 13 at some point during the process of achieving our goal.When that happens，don’t sit in the grass and 14 .Just get up and keep on going.It will all be worth it 15 .
语篇解读　本文是夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己小时候由于跑得快撞到树上，没有哭泣而是继续前进的故事，告诉我们遇到困难不要害怕，要继续前进，通过不懈的努力最终会实现目标。
1．A.trip B．race
C．tree D．driver
答案　C
解析　trip旅行；race比赛；tree树；driver司机。此处指的是下文提到的“hit a large maple tree”的故事。
2．A.incident B．change
C．illness D．problem
答案　A
解析　incident事件；change变化；illness疾病；problem问题。此处指下面讲述的作者撞树的事件。
3．A.feared B．refused
C．forgot D．turned
答案　D
解析　fear害怕，恐惧；refuse拒绝；forget忘记；turn转身。妈妈转身和司机说话。
4．A.delay B．absence
C．freedom D．rest
答案　C
解析　delay延期；absence缺席；freedom自由；rest休息。此处指作者被妈妈从车上抱下来，可以短暂自由活动了。
5．A.promised B．encouraged
C．allowed D．expected
答案　D
解析　promise允诺，许诺；encourage鼓励；allow允许；expect预料，期待。作者由于跑得快撞了树，妈妈预料作者会哭。
6．A.woke B．picked
C．warmed D．gave
答案　B
解析　wake up唤醒；pick up拾起；warm up使温暖；give up放弃。根据下文“kept right on going”可推断，此处指作者跌倒后自己爬起来，pick oneself up跌倒后起来。
7．A.answer B．example
C．excuse D．order
答案　B
解析　answer回答；example例子，榜样；excuse借口，理由；order命令。根据下文“It reminds her that...”可知，妈妈喜欢拿这个故事作例子。
8．A.afraid B．ashamed
C．able D．anxious
答案　A
解析　afraid害怕的；ashamed羞愧的；able有能力的；anxious焦虑的。根据下文“or unwilling to again”可知，此处指孩子刚开始时不怕冒险。
9．A.ask B．share
C．learn D．try
答案　D
解析　ask问；share分享；learn学习；try尝试，努力。根据上文内容可推断，此处指孩子跌倒后不愿再次尝试。
10．A.regretted B．reviewed
C．made D．explained
答案　C
解析　regret后悔，遗憾；review回顾，复习；make做出；explain解释。make decisions做决定。
11．A.job B．friend
C．fortune D．house
答案　A
解析　job工作；friend朋友；fortune财富，运气；house住宅，房子。根据下句“I have become a respected teacher in a school serving high-need students”可知是找工作。
12．A.memories B．efforts
C．research D．experience
答案　B
解析　memory记忆，回忆；effort努力；research研究，调查；experience经验。此处指作者通过多年的努力成了一名受人尊敬的老师。
13．A.mixed up B．fed up
C．knocked down D．settled down
答案　C
解析　mix up混淆；(get) fed up厌烦；knock down击倒，撞倒；settle down安顿下来。根据下文“When that happens，don’t sit in the grass”以及上文的描述可知，此处指在实现目标的过程中肯定会被击倒。
14．A.play B．relax
C．dream D．cry
答案　D
解析　play玩；relax放松；dream做梦；cry哭泣。此处与上文“Mom me to start crying”呼应，指摔倒后哭泣。
15．A.all at once B．in the end
C．in either case D．as a result
答案　B
解析　all at once突然；in the end最后，终于；in either case不论发生何种情况；as a result结果。此处指摔倒后不怕困难，继续前进，通过不懈的努力最终会实现目标。
C
(2021·湘赣皖长郡十五校联考)
Most of my life I had lived in a Black community.Neither of my 1 had made it past middle school and I was the first in my family of three to ever set foot on a college campus. 2 ，most of my peers came from generations of college-educated family and had grown up in 3 suburbs.Instead of 4 with others how I was feeling，I isolated myself and thought I could get through it if I just focused on 5 .During the weeks leading up to my sophomore year winter break，I finally decided I would 6 .Fortunately，that wasn’t the 7 of the story.I found strength and guidance to continue through to graduation.
Social and psychological counseling gave me space to process my 8 .Volunteering work provided me a consistent reminder for 9 I was in college.My interactions with students who 10 me so much of my own friends back home inspired me to be 11 to working for access to higher education for low-income youth.I 12 got involved with a summer internship program，where I cooperated with some student leaders to start a conference to 13 about issues of race.
Knowledge is empowering.I read books and 14 chose courses to learn more about topics related to race.Most importantly，I was empowered with the knowledge I needed to work for justice and 15 .
1．A.brothers B．grandparents
C．parents D．sisters
答案　C
解析　brother兄弟；grandparent祖父(母)；parent父亲(或母亲)；sister姐妹。根据下文“my family of three”可知，作者家有三口人，故此处指作者的父母。
2．A.By contrast B．In reality
C．As a result D．In brief
答案　A
解析　by contrast相比之下；in reality实际上；as a result结果；in brief简而言之。上文提到作者的父母都没上过中学，下文说大多数同龄人来自受到大学教育的家庭，由此可知，作者的成长环境与同龄人的成长环境形成对照。
3．A.white B．black
C．poor D．new
答案　A
解析　white白人的；black黑人的；poor贫穷的；new新的。根据上文“I had lived in a Black community”可知，同龄人的生活环境与作者的截然不同，因此同龄人在白人郊区长大。
4．A.quarreling B．sharing
C．comparing D．negotiating
答案　B
解析　quarrel争吵；share分享；compare比较；negotiate谈判。根据“I isolated myself...”可知，作者不愿意和别人分享她内心的感受。
5．A.researching B．exercising
C．studying D．uniting
答案　C
解析　research研究；exercise锻炼；study学习；unite团结。根据下文“my sophomore year”可知，作者当时在校学习，想通过学习来熬过这段困难的时期。
6．A.let out B．leave out
C．give out D．drop out
答案　D
解析　let out发出(声音)，泄露；leave out遗漏，省去，不考虑；give out用完，耗尽；drop out退学，辍学。根据语境可知，作者决定退学。
7．A.end B．start
C．plot D．climax
答案　A
解析　end结束；start开始；plot情节；climax高潮。根据“I found strength and guidance to continue through to graduation.”可知，作者后来找到了坚持下去的力量，于是坚持到了毕业。因此这并不是故事的结局。
8．A.temper B．courage
C．emotion D．awareness
答案　C
解析　temper脾气；courage勇气；emotion情绪；awareness意识。根据“Social and psychological counseling”可知，心理咨询应该是关于如何应对情绪方面的问题。
9．A.when B．why
C．how D．what
答案　B
解析　when什么时候；why为什么；how怎么；what什么。根据下文“working for access to higher education for low-income youth”可知，作者想帮助那些穷人的孩子有机会接受更高层次的教育，这是她上大学的原因。
10．A.informed B．reminded
C．convinced D．expected
答案　B
解析　inform (sb.of)告知某人；remind (sb.of) 提醒某人，使某人想起；convince (sb.of)使某人信服；expect (sth.of sb.)期待从某人那里得到某物。根据“my own friends back home”可知，学生们使作者想起在家乡的朋友。
11．A.reduced B．limited
C．accustomed D．committed
答案　D
解析　(be) reduced (to)沦落为；(be) limited (to)被限制在；(be) accustomed (to)习惯于；(be) committed (to)致力于，决心做。根据语境可知，和学生们的互动激励作者致力于帮助那些穷人的孩子有机会接受更高层次的教育。
12．A.also B．still
C．ever D．again
答案　A
解析　also也；still仍然；ever曾经；again又，再。作者除了接受心理咨询、做志愿者、与同学交流之外，还参与了暑期实习活动。
13．A.dialogue B．chat
C．joke D．protest
答案　A
解析　dialogue对话；chat聊天；joke开玩笑；protest抗议。此处dialogue是动词，意为“对话，讨论交换意见”。作者组织会议，关于种族问题展开对话。
14．A.desperately B．carefully
C．intentionally D．sensitively
答案　C
解析　desperately绝望地；carefully小心地；intentionally有意地；sensitively敏感地。根据“learn more about topics related to race”可知，作者有目的地选择学习与种族话题有关的课程。
15．A.prejudice B．equality
C．freedom D．discrimination
答案　B
解析　prejudice偏见；equality平等；freedom自由；discrimination歧视。根据上文尤其是空前的“justice”可知，作者获得了为正义和平等而奋斗所需要的知识。

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