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(共40张PPT)
Describe people or things in greater detail
Restrictive relative clauses Ⅲ
1. There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, …
2. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959.
3. …, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.
4. Not only had the countries found a path to the
future that did not run over the relics of the past, …
attributive clauses introduced by __________________
relative pronouns
attributive clauses introduced by __________________
relative adverbs
Have a
P6 1
We have learned attributive clauses introduced by relative pronouns and relative adverbs in the last book.
Now, let's make a review.
定语从句(3)——限制性定语从句
Restrictive relative clauses
指代内容 所做成分 是否可省略
that
which
who
whom
whose
关系代词的用法
人；物
物
人
人
(人/物)的
主语,宾语
主语,宾语
主语,宾语
宾语
定语
作宾语可省
作宾语可省
作宾语可省
可省
不可省
关系代词 用法
1. 先行词为all， everything，nothing，
something，anything，little，much等不定代词
2. 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰
3. 先行词既有人又有物
4. 先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，
much，the only，the very，the last，just，right
等修饰
5. 先行词是who或which引导的主句中
先行词是one，ones，anybody，anyone，all，
none，those等
一般用that
而不用which
一般用who
不用that
time
修饰时间/抽象时间
place
修饰地点/抽象地点
reason
修饰原因
why
where
when
Function
Referring to
The relative adverb (关系副词)
关系副词的用法
1. Animal bones and shells on which symbols
were carved by ancient Chinese people.
2. Written Chinese has also become an
important means by which China’s present
is connected with its past.
3. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black
lawyer to whom I went for advice.
4. We thought you were such a person
from whom we could expect good decisions.
Pay attention to the circled words.
attributive clauses introduced by ____________________________________
a preposition + which/whom
Now let’s learn more about attributive clauses introduced by
a preposition + which/whom.
限制性定语从句
在限制性定语从句中，除了用常见的关系代词或关系副词来引导定语从句外，当关系代词which，whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，从句可由“介词+which/whom”引出。
1. The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.
2. He is a learned man with whom we are familiar.
当先行词是表人的名词或代词时，可由“介词+whom”引导从句。
1. The city in which she lives is far away.
2. The English play in which my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.
当先行词是表事物的名词或代词时，可由“介词+which”引导从句。
在“介词+关系代词”结构中，如何准确地选择介词呢？
This is the book _____ which
I got the story.
由于句意含有“从……”的意思，所以用介词 from。
from
确定介词原则一：
根据主从句之间的意思确定所需介词。
This road will take me to the place ____ which I belong.
根据大意，从句意为“我属于的地方”。根据短语“belong to”可知空格处应填 to。
to
确定介词原则二：
根据从句动词、形容词等构成的短语确定所需介词。
Jack is the very person ________ I will turn when in trouble.
据题干大意，从句意为“我遇到困难可以求助的人”。“求助”即“turn to”，又因先行词指人，故答案为 “to whom”。
to whom
The song often takes me back to the day when the accident happened.
The song often takes me back to the day _____ which the accident happened.
据第一句可知，第二句中which用来指先行词“the day”，在从句中意为“在这天”，故填介词“on”。
确定介词原则三：
根据先行词确定所需介词。
on
Attention
“介词+关系代词”结构往往可以和关系副词互换。
1. I’ll never forget the day when I joined the league.
2. This is the house where I lived two years ago.
3. There are many reasons why people like traveling.
when =表时间的介词(in, on, at, during等)+which
=
on which (=on the day)
where =表地点的介词(in, at, on, under等) +which
=
in which (=in the house)
why=表原因的介词 for+ which
=
for which (=for the reasons)
1. I met the child (whom) I looked after ten years ago.
我遇到了十年前我照料过的那个孩子。
2. This is the pen (that/which) you are looking for.
这是你正在找的钢笔。
定语从句的谓语如果是以介词结尾的动词固定短语，则不可把介词移至从句之首，如 hear from，look after， look for等。
注意：
另外，当关系代词作动词的间接宾语时，用to或for。
1. Who is the girl (that) he gave the flower to
2. The lady (whom/that) I wrote the poem for was my sister.
1. I still remember the day ___ I came here.
A. on which B. that
C. when D. at which
2. This is the house ____ I lived last year.
A. that B. where
B. in which D. at which
多选。
Exercise
The morning in which my dog got lost
was in my mind forever.
改错。
解析：在具体某天的早上、下午等时刻前的介词应用on，即on the morning.
on
Discovering Useful Structures
Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put together again in a place where they were safe from the water.
一个免被水淹的地方
关系副词引导的定语从句
The temples
The Nile
课文原句再现
Discovering Useful Structures
After listening to the scientists who ①had studied the problem and citizens who ②lived near the dam, the government turened to the United Nations for help.
①研究了这个问题的科学家
②住在大坝附近的民众
关系代词引导的定语从句
scientists
citizens
Discovering Useful Structures
The spitit of the Aswan Dam is still alive today. Perhaps the best example is shown by the UNESCO, which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing.
联合国教科文组织，该组织实施了一项计划
非限定性定语从句
Discovering Useful Structures
Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt's cultural heritage.
大坝流出的水可能会损坏一些寺庙，并摧毁很多作为埃及文化遗产重要组成部分的文物。没用逗号隔开的定语从句为限定性定语从句。
P6 2
Rewrite the sentences using relative clauses.
For Example
I have downloaded that free app, but it doesn't
work well.
The free app (that/which) I have downloaded
doesn't work well.
1. He showed me a photo in his room. It was a
photo of a famous cultural relic in Egypt.
The photo ________________________________
_____________________________________.
(that/which) he showed me in his room
was of a famous cultural relic in Egypt
2. The project team helped protect the national
parks in the United Republic of Tanzania. It was
formed by members from fifteen countries.
The project team __________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________.
fifteen countries helped protect the national
parks in the United Republic of Tanzania
whose members were from
3. This temple was first built during the Qin
Dynasty.
The time _________________________________
_________________________________________.
when this temple was first built was
during the Qin Dynasty
4. We met a professional archaeologist at the
entrance to the Great Pyramid. He explained
to us the process of building such a difficult
structure.
The professional archaeologist _______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________.
(who/whom) we met at the entrance to the
Great Pyramid explained to us the process of
building such a difficult structure
6. Scientists worked together day and night to
rescue the temple because they wanted to
preserve it for the next generation.
5. The documents about the cultural relics from
overseas are under the desk. I found them
yesterday.
The place ________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________.
the cultural relics from overseas yesterday is
under the desk
where I found those documents about
The reason _______________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________.
why scientists worked together day
and night to rescue the temple is that they
wanted to preserve it for the next generation
P6 3
One asks the questions below and the other answers them with relative clauses.
EXAMPLE
A: What is an exit
B: An exit is the door where/through which you
can leave a building.
1. What's a library (from/in which; where)
2. What's a good friend (to whom; who)
3. What's a vacation (during which; when)
4. What's a football coach (from whom; who)
Possible answers:
1. A: What's a library (from/in which; where)
B1: A library is a place from/in which you can
borrow books.
B2: A library is a place where you can borrow
books.
2. A: What's a good friend (to whom; who)
B1: A good friend is someone to whom you can
tell your problems.
B2: A good friend is someone who you can tell
your problems.
3. A: What's a vacation (during which; when)
B1: A vacation is a time during which you don't
work.
B2: A vacation is a time when you don't work.
4. A: What's a football coach (from whom; who)
B1: A football coach is someone from whom
football players receive training.
B2: A football coach is someone who trains
football players.
1. A: What's a giraffe
B: A giraffe is an animal that has a long
neck.
2. A: What's a dentist
B: A dentist is someone who looks after
your teeth.
For example:
Now work out two more questions of your own.
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
介词的确定：
1. 由主从句的句意决定；
2. 由从句动词、形容词等构成的固
定短语确定；
3.根据先行词确定所需介词。
结构：
介词+which(指物)/介词+whom(指人)
Ⅰ. 实战高考
He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper ____ _______ he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction. (2019课标全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解 C篇)
with whom
他喜欢能坐着安静地看手机，或者如果他想和别人有点交流的话，就和他能直呼其名的服务生聊上几句。
1. 根据句意填空。
2. (2019浙江卷) On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _________ gives off light in the dark.
3. We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.（2019江苏卷）
A. which B. what C. when D. that
that/which
Ⅱ. 用适当的关系词填空。
1. The mountain __________ we climbed yesterday is the highest mountain in Britain.
2. An architect is a person ________ designs buildings.
3. The bar in Barcelona _____________ I met my best friend is still there.
4. The summer ____________ I graduated from university was long and hot.
5. Jane told me the reason ____________ she was not in favour of revising the plan.
why/for which
that/which
who/that
where/in which
when/in which
6. My sister worked for a man ________ used to be an athlete.
7. As for me, I have joined an organization in our city _________ purpose is to call on people to protect wild animals.
8. A corkscrew is a thing ___________ you use to open bottles.
9. The day _____________ the concert takes place is Sunday.
10. The city _______________ the basketball player lives is San Francisco.
where/in which
who/that
whose
which/that
when/on which
Ⅲ. 根据汉语完成句子。
1. This is the engineer _____________________
__________ (给我们作关于计算机报告的) the other day.
2. My necklace is not _____________________
__________(唯一不见的东西).
3. The man ____________________(在这间房子里工作
的)is an English teacher.
4. The old building ___________________(我们住的)
has been here for 30 years.
5. The history book ____________________ (封皮
是黄的) was lost.
who gave us a talk about
computers
the only thing that’s
who works in the room
(that/which) we live in
whose cover is yellow
missing
6. Here is the pen _____________________(你昨天
丢失的).
7. This is the best book ___________________
(我读过的).
8. I have lost the pen ______________________
__________ (我父亲给我买的).
9. Wheat is a plant ________________________
___________________（中国北方种植的).
10. I don't like the people ___________________
____________(说得多,做得少的).
(that) you lost yesterday
(that) I have ever read
(which/that) my father
which/that is grown
who talk too much
bought me
in the north of China
but do little
Discovering Useful Structures
常见错误一：把作主语的关系代词省略
According to the islanders, the finished statues were moved by those had magic powers.
who
常见错误二：混淆定语从句和名词性从句
This is that he told me the other day. 这就是他几天前告诉我的事。
〖解析〗that he told me 不是定语从句，定语从句用来修饰名词或名词短语，在此句中，that前面并没有先行词，这时可以添加先行词the thing，构成定语从句the thing that he told me, 我们可以把the thing that 合并成一个词what,所以此处要把that变成what,这是一个表语从句。
what
常见错误三：非限定性定语从句使用了关系代词that
People doubt that they were dragged over the land, that is so rough.
which
〖解析〗前面用逗号隔开的定语从句为非限定性从句，先行词为the land，关系代词为which, 不能是that
Discovering Useful Structures
常见错误四：把定语从句视作并列句
No one knows for certin how the islanders transported the statues, they were extremely large and heavy.
〖解析〗以逗号隔开，并且没有并列连词的两个句子，只能视作主从复合句，逗号前面为主句，逗号后面的句子为从句，从句需要有从属连词来引导，they不是从属连词，此处根据句义判断应该为定语从句，先行词为the statues，非限定性定语从句，关系词为which
which
常见错误五：定语从句中作宾语的关系代词，在定语从句中还有一个多余的宾语
The exhibition which my friend took me to see it was not very interesting.
去掉
〖解析〗关系代词which在定语从句中作宾语，放在动词see后，it为多余，需要去掉。
Self-evaluation
各个击破
1. Have you mastered the rules of restrictive relative clauses introduced by “preposition + which/whom”
2. Can you describe people or things with restrictive relative clauses
Homework
1. Finish the exercises in Exercise-book part 3.
2. Make 10 sentences containing restrictive relative clauses.

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