资源简介

(共118张PPT)
UNIT 3 FOOD AND CULTURE
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.课文翻译
教材原文 CULTURE AND CUISINE The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin once wrote, “Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you what you are.” Put more simply, this means “You are what you eat.” 教材译文
文化与美食
法国作家让·安泰尔姆·布里亚-萨瓦兰曾写道： “告诉我你平时吃什么，我就可以说出你是个什么样的人。”简单地说，这句话就是“人如其食”的意思。
续表
教材原文 Most people today relate this saying to healthy eating. However, Brillat-Savarin was actually referring to our personality, character, and culture. Certainly, in many ways this seems to be true. Chinese cuisine is a case in point. Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, 教材译文
如今，大多数人把这条谚语与健康饮食联系起来。然而，布里亚-萨瓦兰实际上指的是我们的个性、品格及文化。
当然，从很多方面来看，此话不假。中国菜就是个很好的例子。来中国之前, 我只在美国接触过中式烹饪，
教材原文 with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes. For example, America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken, which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce, flavoured with hot red peppers. This is probably not an authentic Chinese recipe, however, so it cannot tell us much about the Chinese. 教材译文
那里的中国食物已被改变，以适应美国人的口味。例如，美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠鸡”，它在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱，再佐以煸炒过的红辣椒制成。然而, 这或许并不是地道的中餐做法，因此并不能让我们对中国人了解多少。
续表
教材原文 On the other hand, it does tell us a lot about Americans. It tells us, for example, that Americans love bold, simple flavours. And, since the dish was also invented recently, it tells us that Americans are not afraid to try new foods. Later, I had a chance to experience authentic Chinese food by coming to China. 教材译文
不过在另一方面，它确实让我们对美国人了解很多。例如，这道菜说明美国人喜爱浓烈、简单的口味。此外，由于这道菜也是最近才发明的，所以它告诉我们美国人不惧怕尝试新的食物。
后来，我来到中国，有机会品尝地道的中国食物。
续表
教材原文 When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing. A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend, and finally, we found it. Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten. 教材译文
我与家人刚刚抵达中国，便在北京找一个吃饭的好地方。一位朋友之前向我们推荐过一家川菜馆，最终我们找到了这家餐馆。我们疲惫不堪，饥肠辘辘，也不认识一个汉字，不知道该怎么点餐，所以厨师径自在我们的桌子上摆满食物；那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
续表
教材原文 With this, we had the pleasure of experiencing an entirely new taste： Sichuan peppercorns. The food was wonderful and different, but what was even more important was the friendship offered us. We soon moved to Shandong Province in the eastern part of North China. My favourite dish there was boiled dumplings served with vinegar. 教材译文
于是，我们高高兴兴地体验了一种全新的口味：四川花椒。食物妙不可言、与众不同，但更为重要的是我们所获得的友谊。
不久，我们到了位于华北东部的山东省。在那里我最喜爱的食物是蘸着醋吃的水饺。
续表
教材原文 I observed that family is important to the people there. It has become a favourite traditional dish of the people in North China, where making dumplings has always been a family affair with everyone-from the youngest to the oldest-joining in to help. Later, I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions. 教材译文
我发现那里的人都很重视家庭。水饺已成为华北人民最喜爱的一种传统食物：包饺子一直是一项全员参与的家庭活动, 无论老少都会加入进来帮忙。后来，我了解到，山东最有名的食物是煎饼卷大葱。
续表
教材原文 Then we moved to northern Xinjiang. Some of our friends were Kazak and Inner Mongolian. These groups traditionally wandered the open range on horses. As a result, their traditional foods are what you can cook over an open fire-usually boiled or roasted meat, such as lamb kebab. Our travels then took us to South China, and then on to central China. 教材译文
随后，我们又到了新疆北部。我们的一些朋友是哈萨克族人和内蒙古人。传统上，他们骑着马在广阔的草原上漫步。因此, 他们的传统食物在篝火上烹制而成，通常是水煮肉或烤肉，例如羊肉串。
接着，我们前往华南，之后又去了华中。
续表
教材原文 In each place we went, we experienced wonderful local dishes, from Guangdong’s elegant dim sum—small servings of food in bamboo steamers-to the exceptional stewed noodles in Henan. Everywhere, the food was as varied as the people. However, one thing is always true： Through food, Chinese people everywhere show friendship and kindness. 教材译文
我们每到一处，都会品尝当地美食, 有广东的精致点心——那是放在竹蒸笼里蒸出来的小份食品，还有河南独特的烩面。所到之处的美食与当地人一样精彩纷呈。然而，有一件事始终不变：每个地方的中国人都通过食物展现友情与善意。
续表
教材原文 At a minimum, the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region, what kinds of lives they lead, and what they like and do not like. Could we also say, for example, that those who like bold flavours are bold themselves Or, that those who like spicy food tend to have a hot temper Maybe. Maybe not. What we can say, 教材译文
当地人吃的食物种类至少能让我们知道该地区种植什么作物、人们过着怎样的生活以及他们的喜好。例如，我们是否也能这样推断，喜欢重口味的人性格粗犷 抑或喜欢辛辣食物的人往往脾气火暴？也许是的，也许又不是。
续表
教材原文 however, is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand, and if you do not experience one, you can never really know the other. 教材译文
但是，我们可以确定的是, 文化和美食这两者息息相关，如果你没有体验过其中的一个，你就永远无法真正了解另一个。
续表
Ⅱ.词汇拓展
① ____________ [k n s st]vi. 组成；构成→_______________[k n s st nt] adj. 一致的；连续的
consist
consistent
② ____________ [ el ɡ nt]adj. 精美的；讲究的；文雅的→______________ ['el ɡ ntli] adv. 优美地；高雅地
elegant
elegantly
③ __________[st f] vt. 填满；把……塞进 n. 东西；物品→____________[st ft] adj. 塞满了的；吃饱了的
stuff
stuffed
④ exceptional [ k’sep nl] adj. 特别的；罕见的→___________ [ k’sept] vt. 把……除外；不包括 prep. 除……之外→______________[ k’sep n] n. 例外
except
exception
⑤ ____________ ['m n m m] adj. 最低（限度）的；最小的 n. 最小值；最少量→____________?['m ks m m] adj. 最高的；最大极限的 n. 最大量；最大限度
minimum
maximum
⑥ ____________ [k n’sju m] vt. 吃；喝；饮；消耗→_____________ [k n’sju m ] n. 消费者；用户
consume
consumer
⑦ ___________ ['ste bl] adj. 稳定的；稳重的→______________ [st 'b l ti] n. 稳定（性）→ ______________ ['ste b la z] v. （使）稳定, 稳固→__________________ [ ste b la 'ze n] n. 稳定；稳定化
stable
stability
stabilize
stabilization
Ⅲ.情境词块
1. refer to___________
指的是
2. a case in point_______________
很好的例子
3. prior to_________________
在……之前的
4. consist of_________________________
由……组成（或构成）
5. on the other hand_____________
另一方面
6. 因此________________
as a result
7. 至少_________________
at a minimum
8. 手拉手，密切关联, 相连带_________________
hand in hand
9. 与……有联系__________________
be related to
10. 切下_______________
slice...off
Ⅳ.情境佳句
1.
句型公式 do/does/did强调谓语动词
教材原句 On the other hand, it does tell us a lot about Americans. 不过在另一方面，它确实让我们对美国人了解很多。
中文例句 我的确希望你能把烟戒掉，因为我希望你能像我一样活得健康、长寿。
句式仿写 ______________________________________, because I hope you can live a life as long and healthily as I do.
I do hope you can give up smoking
2.
句型公式 祈使句+and+陈述句
教材原句 Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you what you are. 告诉我你平时吃什么，我就可以说出你是个什么样的人。
中文例句 养成良好的学习习惯，你将会提高学习效率。
句式仿写 ____________________________________________________your learning efficiency.
Form good learning habits and you will improve
3.
句型公式 with复合结构
教材原句 It has become a favourite traditional dish of the people in North China, where making dumplings has always been a family affair with everyone-from the youngest to the oldest-joining in to help. 它（水饺）已经成为华北人民最喜爱的一种传统食物：包饺子一直是一项全员参与的家庭活动，无论老少都会加入进来帮忙。
中文例句 那位年轻的妇女抱着一个熟睡的婴儿，漫步在大街上。
句式仿写 The young woman,___________________________________________________, was wandering in the street.
with a baby sleeping deeply in her arms
Ⅰ.文本理解
1. Reading for the main idea.
Choose the best answer according to the text.
What’s the main idea of the text ( )
A. The link between food and culture.
B. The importance of cuisine.
C. The comparison of Chinese and American food.
D. The diversity of Chinese food.
A
Reading for the structure.
Fill in the blanks with proper words.
America ◆Chinese food had been changed to 1.________American tastes.
◆America’s most popular 2._______________is General Tso’s chicken.
◆It does tell us a lot about Americans instead of 3.______________.
Beijing ◆We experienced an entirely new 4.________：Sichuan peppercorns.
◆The food was 5.________________________.
suit
Chinese dish
the Chinese
taste
wonderful and different
Shandong ◆My favourite dish there was 6._________________served with vinegar.
◆The most famous food is pancake rolls 7.______________sliced Chinese green onions.
Northern Xinjiang ◆The traditional foods are usually boiled or roasted 8.________, such as lamb kebab.
South China ◆We experienced Guangdong’s elegant dim sum-small servings of food in 9.________________.
Central China ◆We experienced the exceptional 10.________________in Henan.
boiled dumplings
stuffed with
meat
bamboo steamers
stewed noodles
Reading for the details.
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1. What does the idiom “a case in point” most probably mean ( )
A. A good idea. B. A proper example.
C. A right decision. D. A reasonable suggestion.
B
2. What did the author think was more important ( )
A. The friend’s recommendation.
B. The taste of Sichuan food.
C. The service of the restaurant.
D. The friendship offered to them.
D
3. Which of the following contains rich vitamins and fibre ( )
A. Dairy products. B. Beans.
C. Vegetables. D. Meat.
C
Ⅱ.难句突破
1. And,①______________________________________________, it tells us ②____________________________________________________
【分析】本句为主从复合句。①since the dish was also invented recently为since引导的_________状语从句，②中that Americans are not afraid to try new foods为that引导的_________从句。
【译文】_____________________________________________________________________________
since the dish was also invented recently
that Americans are not afraid to try new foods.
原因
宾语
此外，由于这道菜也是最近才发明的，所以它告诉我们美国人不怕尝试新的食物。
2. It has become a favourite traditional dish of the people in North China, where ①_____________________ has always been a family affair with everyone-from the youngest to the oldest—②_______________________.
【分析】本句为主从复合句。句中__________引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词________________，其中动名词短语①_____________________在从句中作主语；现在分词短语②joining in作介词_________的宾语补足语。
【译文】___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
making dumplings
joining in to help
where
North China
making dumplings
with
它（水饺）已经成为华北人民最喜爱的一种传统食物：包饺子一直是一项全员参与的家庭活动, 无论老少都会加入进来帮忙。
Ⅲ.概要写作
Step 1 Question Answering
根据课文内容回答下列问题。
1. How does the writer understand the saying“You are what you eat.”？
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The food we eat refers to our personality, character and culture, and Chinese cuisine is a good example.
2. What did the writer do when in China
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
He travelled to many places in China with his family and tasted many different kinds of local food.
3. What did the writer find during the visit
______________________________________________________________
He found the food everywhere was as varied as the people.
4. What’s the writer certain about after eating the delicious food of different places
____________________________________________________________________________________________
He is certain about one thing-Chinese people show friendship and kindness through food.
5. What’s the writer’s opinion about culture and cuisine
_________________________________________
Culture and cuisine go hand in hand.
Step 2 Sentence Rewriting
1. 用主语从句和represent改写第1句。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What we eat represents our personality, character and culture, and Chinese cuisine is a good example.
2. 用experience改写第2句。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
He travelled to many places in China with his family and experienced many different kinds of local food.
3. 将第3、4句合并为含让步状语从句的主从复合句。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Though he found the food everywhere was as varied as the people, he is certain about one thing-Chinese people show friendship and kindness through food.
Step 3 Summary Writing
1. 将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的文章概要。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What we eat represents our personality, character and culture, and Chinese cuisine is a good example. He travelled to many places in China with his family and experienced many different kinds of local food. Though he found the food everywhere was as varied as
the people, he is certain about one thing-Chinese people show friendship and kindness through food. There is no doubt that culture and cuisine go hand in hand.
1. prior adj. 先前的；优先的
Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.
来中国之前，我只在美国接触过中式烹饪，那里的中国食物已被改变，以适应美国人的口味。（教材P26）
典例翻译
① She will be unable to attend because of a prior engagement.
_____________________________________
因事先有别的安排，她将不能出席。
② If a person places money prior to anything else, it’s very likely that he could not enjoy the happiness in life.
___________________________________________________________________________
如果一个人将金钱置于其他事物之前的话，那他很可能无法享受生活中的快乐。
③ She visited me on the day prior to her death.
_____________________________
她去世的前一天还来看我。
归纳拓展
（1） ______________________ 在……之前的
（2）priority n. 优先事项；优先权
prior to
误区警示
prior to意为“在……之前的”，其中to是介词，后接动词时要用v.-ing形式。
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① The will was made two days prior_______ his death.
② Financial security was high on his list of_______________（prior）.
to
priorities
（2） 完成句子
③ 保护我的妹妹是我最重要的责任。
The duty to protect my sister___________________________ .
is prior to all others
2. consist vi. 组成；构成
For example, America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken, which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce, flavoured with hot red peppers.
例如，美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠鸡”，它在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱，再佐以煸炒过的红辣椒制成。（教材P26）
典例翻译
① The team consists of ten members.
_________________________。
这个队由十名队员组成
② Success consists in hard work.
_____________________。
成功在于勤奋工作
③ His action does not consist with his words.
_________________
他言行不一。
归纳拓展
（1） _______________ 由……组成
_________________________________ 在于，存在于
__________________________ 与……一致，相吻合
（2） consistent adj. 一致的；连续的
consist of
consist in = lie in
consist with
头脑风暴
表示“由……组成”的短语还有：be composed of；be made up of。
误区警示
consist of没有被动语态, 且不用于进行时态。
学以致用
（1） 语段填空
Life mainly consists ① _______ happiness and sorrow while happiness consists ② _______ struggles. Remember that your ideal life does not always consist ③ _________ the reality.
of
in
with
（2） 一句多译
④联合国由许多国家组成。
→The United Nations________________ many nations.
→The United Nations __________________ many nations.
→The United Nations ___________________ many nations.
→Many nations ____________ the United Nations.
consists of
is made up of
is composed of
make up
3. stuff vt. 填满；把……塞进 n. 东西；物品
Later, I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions.
后来，我了解到，山东最有名的食物是煎饼卷大葱。（教材P26）
典例翻译
① Be very careful with this stuff, and it can be dangerousif it isn’t handled properly.
_____________________________________________________
对这东西要非常小心，如果处理不当可能会发生危险。
② I stuffed everything into a suitcase.
_____________________________________
我把东西全塞到一个手提箱里去了。
③ She stuffed her suitcase with presents for the kids.
_______________________________________
她在手提箱里塞满了给孩子们的礼物。
归纳拓展
_______________________把……塞进……
___________________________用……填满……
be stuffed with被……填满
stuff...into...
stuff...with...
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① He hastily（匆忙地） stuffed a few clothes _________a bag.
② Her briefcase was stuffed _________paper.
into
with
（2） 一句多译
③ 他们提着很大的塑料袋，袋子里装着衣服和食物。
→They carried large plastic bags ___________________________________________________. （定语从句）
→They carried large plastic bags ___________________________________. （非谓语动词）
which/that were stuffed with clothing and food
stuffed with clothing and food
4. slice n. （切下的食物）薄片 vt. 把……切成薄片
Later, I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions.
后来，我了解到，山东最有名的食物是煎饼卷大葱。（教材P26）
典例翻译
① Try to eat at least four slices of bread a day.
____________________________
尝试一天吃至少4片面包。
② For breakfast I had a thick slice of bread and butter.
___________________________________
早餐我吃了一片厚厚的黄油面包。
③ Father pared the apple, and cut it into five slices for his five children.
_____________________________________________________
父亲削好苹果后，把苹果切成五份分给他的五个孩子。
④ Take out the seeds before you slice up the fruit.
_____________________________________。
你把水果切成薄片之前，先把籽去掉
归纳拓展
（1）_________________________一片；一份；一部分
slice off切下
______________________切成片
（2）_______________________________把……切成片
（3）sliced adj. 切成片的
a slice of
slice up
cut...into slices
学以致用
单句填空
① Would you slice the cucumber_______
up
② They spend ______fair slice of the budget on research and development.
a
③ He cut the meat _________thick slices.
into
④ I’ll slice ________a thick piece from the loaf by myself.
off
5. minimum adj. 最低（限度）的；最小的 n. 最小值；最少量
At a minimum, the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region, what kinds of lives they lead, and what they like and do not like.
当地人消费的食物种类至少能让我们知道该地区种植什么作物、人们过着怎样的生活以及他们的喜好。（教材P27）
典例翻译
① Repairing your car will cost a minimum of 100 dollars.
__________________________________
修理你的汽车最少要花100美元。
② At a/the minimum, they must be guaranteed against any form of further attacks.
___________________________________________
至少要保证他们不再受到任何形式的攻击。
③ He couldn’t join the army, because he was below the minimum height allowed by the rules.
___________________________________________________
他不能参军，因为他的身高达不到规定的最低标准。
④ I’ve kept/reduced your expenses to an absolute minimum.
___________________________________。
我已经把你的费用减少到最低限度
归纳拓展
______________________最少……
______________________________至少
_______________________________低于最低限度
___________________________________________降到最低点
above the minimum超过最低限度
a minimum of
at a/the minimum
below the minimum
keep/reduce sth. to a minimum
学以致用
单句填空
① The candidates must have a first degree _______a minimum.
at
② We tried to keep costs down_______a minimum.
to
③ Cook for a minimum _______2 hours, or until the meat is tender.
of
1. 祈使句+and+陈述句
The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin once wrote, “ Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you what you are.”
法国作家让·安泰尔姆·布里亚-萨瓦兰曾写道： “告诉我你平时吃什么，我就可以说出你是个什么样的人。”（教材P26）
典例翻译
① Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. _________________________________________________________________________________
跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。
② Quit smoking, or you may ruin your health.
_____________________________________
要戒烟，否则你会毁了自己的健康。
③ One more effort, and you’ll succeed.
_____________________________
再努力一下，你就会成功。
归纳拓展
（1）祈使句+and+陈述句 = If…+主句
（2）祈使句+or/or else/otherwise+陈述句 = If…not…+主句
（3）名词词组+and+陈述句
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
①Call me tomorrow________I will let you know the lab result.
②___________（follow） your doctor’s advice, and you will get better soon.
③Give up smoking,_________________you may die of lung cancer.
④A bit more effort, I think,________you will settle the problem.
and
Follow
or/otherwise
and
（2） 一句多译
⑤充分利用各种条件, 我们就能取得成功。
→_____________________________________________, and we will achieve success.
→___________________________________________________, we will achieve success. （if引导条件状语从句）
→_______________________________________________, we will achieve success. （分词短语作状语）
Make the most of all kinds of conditions
If we make the most of all kinds of conditions
Making the most of all kinds of conditions
2. do/does/did 强调谓语动词
On the other hand, it does tell us a lot about Americans. 不过在另一方面，它确实让我们对美国人了解很多。（教材P26）
典例翻译
① However, we do know that in 1092 AD he invented the first real clock.
___________________________________________________________
然而，我们的确知道在公元1092年他发明了第一个真正的钟。
② He does work hard and can finish the job in time.
_____________________________________
他的确工作努力，能及时完成任务。
③ She did tell me about her address but I forgot all about it.
_____________________________________________
她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我完全忘记了。
归纳拓展
“do（does/did）+动词原形”结构，用来强调谓语动词，表示“的确，真的，务必”，有时态和数的变化。
（1）这种强调一般只适用于一般现在时和一般过去时。
（2）只对肯定的谓语动词进行强调，没有疑问和否定形式。
学以致用
完成句子
① 我衷心祝福你圣诞快乐。
I_______wish you a merry Christmas.
do
② 她确实来自欧洲的一个国家。
She_________come from a European country.
does
③ 他刚才的确读过那封信。
He________read the letter just now.
did
3. with复合结构
It has become a favourite traditional dish of the people in North China, where making dumplings has always been a family affair with everyone-from the youngest to the oldest-joining in to help.
它（饺子）已成为华北人民最喜爱的一种传统食物：包饺子一直是一项全员参与的家庭活动，无论老少都会加入进来帮忙。（教材P26）
典例翻译
① We finally got to the old village with the little girl leading the way.
_______________________________________________________
由小女孩带着路，我们最后终于到达了那个古老的村子。
② The man sat in the chair, with his hands tied behind his back.
_________________________________________
这个男人坐在椅子上，双手被绑在背后。
③ With the house empty, Jack felt lonely.
_____________________________________
因为房子空空的，杰克感到很孤独。
④ With a lot of work to do, I couldn’t go to see the film.
_________________________________________。
由于有许多工作要做，我不能去看电影了
⑤ Don’t stand with your hands in your pockets.
_____________________________________
站着的时候不要把双手插在口袋里。
⑥ With the production upped by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
________________________________________________
由于产量增加了60%，这个公司又过了一个好年。
归纳拓展
“with复合结构”在句中多作状语, 也可以作定语。常见的结构有：
with ＋ 宾语+
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
①With winter___________（come）, it’s time to buy warm clothes.② With all the things she needed___________（buy）, she went home happily.
③ With nothing__________（do）, Tom sleeps at home.
coming
bought
to do
（2） 用with复合结构改写下列句子
④The college entrance examination is drawing near, so the students feel great pressure.
_______________________________________________________, the students feel great pressure.
⑤After she took a great weight off her mind, she passed all the tests successfully.
___________________________________________, she passed all the tests successfully.
With the college entrance examination drawing near
With a great weight taken off her mind
Ⅰ.语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1. The more petrol and electricity we____________（消耗）, the more carbon we are letting off.
consume
2. At the age of five, little Mary showed________________（特别的） talent as a musician.
exceptional
3. He believes that students should be encouraged to experiment with_________（大胆的） ideas.
bold
4. People are now largely________________（素食者）；they only eat bread, vegetables, fruit and so on and they don’t eat meat or fish.
vegetarians
5. The school sets up special dorms and_____________（食堂） for foreign students.
canteens
6. Enjoying the local____________（菜肴） is one of the delights of the holiday abroad.
cuisine
7. Can you write down the___________（菜谱） for this dish so that I can cook it at home
recipe
8. Truly____________（精美的） chopsticks might be made of gold or silver with Chinese characters.
elegant
9. Neil and Chris try to spend the____________（最少的） amount of time in the garden.
minimum
10. He has a bad___________（脾气） and will not listen to anybody, so you’d better not stand in his path.
temper
Ⅱ.语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
consist of；prior to；on the other hand；at a minimum；stuff up；slice...off；as a result；be linked to；hand in hand；refer to
1. Just phone in your order three or more days_____________departure.
prior to
2. Many people helped him.________________, he succeeded in the end.
As a result
3. The children went on an outing_________________by twos.
hand in hand
4. That sweet________________eggs, honey and cream.
consists of
5. He___________the top________his finger while he was cutting vegetables.
sliced
off
6. The video cameras__________________a powerful computer.
are linked to
7. ______________________, the idea appealed to him.
On the other hand
8. If you don’t know the exact meaning of the word, you may_____________the dictionary.
refer to
9. This work would take three months_________________.
at a minimum
10. He has a bad cold and his nose__________________.
is stuffed up
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
My only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, which had been changed 1. ________（suit） American tastes, prior 2. _______coming to China. Later, when I arrived 3. _____Beijing, we had the pleasure of experiencing an entirely new taste：Sichuan peppercorns. We soon 4. ________（move） to Shandong Province. My favourite dish there was boiled dumplings served with vinegar. Later, I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls 5. ________（stuff） with sliced Chinese green onions. Then we moved to northern Xinjiang. The
to suit
to
in
moved
stuffed
traditional foods there are 6. ________（usual） boiled or roasted meat, such as lamb kebab. Our travels then took us to South China,7. ________then on to central China. We experienced wonderful local 8. ________（dish）, from Guangdong’s elegant dim sum-small servings of food in bamboo steamers-to the 9. _____________（exception） stewed noodles in Henan. What we can say is 10. _______culture and cuisine go hand in hand, and if you do not experience one, you can never really know the other.
usually
and
dishes
exceptional
that
Ⅰ.单句填空
1. The course consists_______ten core modules and five optional modules.
of
2. All the arrangements should have been completed prior_______our departure.
to
3. The boxes belonging to him were stuffed_________books.
with
4. Don’t slice_________your hand with that knife, kids.
into
5. He has met the standard of being an________________（exception） president.
exceptional
6. Passengers may only take aboard the aircraft a minimum _______hand luggage.
of
7. _____________（sausage） in Canton style are of high quality and with special taste.
Sausages
Ⅱ.同义替换
prior to, exceptional, consist of, junk, a minimum of, stuff, chef
1. It is important to enrich the soil before planting._____________
prior to
2. She has had a number of different jobs, ranging from a professional cook to a swimming instructor._________
chef
3. I don’t know how you can eat that thing!__________
stuff
4. He is an outstanding writer.________________
exceptional
5. All these businesses are growing at least 5% a year, with gross margins above 30%._________________
a minimum of
6. I’ve cleared out all that old useless things in the room._________
junk
7. Life is made up of not only sunshine but also hard times.________________
consists of
Ⅲ.完成句子
1. 下次你在过马路时一定要小心。（do/does/did强调谓语动词）
__________________when you are crossing the street next time.
Do be careful
2. 现在去睡觉, 否则明天你真的会很累。（祈使句+or+陈述句）
________________________________really tired tomorrow.
Go to bed now or you’ll be
3. 随着夏天的到来，天气变得越来越热。（with复合结构）
___________________________, the weather is becoming hotter and hotter.
With the summer coming
4. 工作完成了，她大大地松了一口气。（with复合结构）
___________________________, she felt greatly relieved.
With the work finished
5. 再过一周，他们就会完成那项任务。（名词词组+and+陈述句）
______________________they will finish the task.
One more week and
Ⅰ.阅读理解
（2021甘肃庆阳二中高二期中试题）Scientists have found that eating dark chocolate appears to lower the risk of depression fourfold. While 7.6 percent of the 13,000 people surveyed reported depressive symptoms, just 1.5 percent of the chocolate eaters did. The study also found that the people who consumed the most of any chocolate were also 57 percent less likely to report depressive symptoms.
The study is the first to examine the association with depression according to the type of chocolate consumed. The team assessed data from 13,626 adults from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
A range of other factors including height, weight, marital status, education, household income, physical activity, smoking and chronic（慢性的） health problems were also taken into account to ensure the study only measured the chocolate’s effect on depressive symptoms.
After adjusting these factors, it was found that individuals who
reported eating any dark chocolate in two 24-hour periods had 70 percent lower odds of reporting clinically relevant depressive symptoms in the previous two weeks than those who reported not eating chocolate at all.
Chocolate contains a number of psychoactive ingredients（精神活性成分） which produce a feeling of euphoria（兴奋感） similar to that of cannabinoid（大麻）, found in cannabis（大麻制品）. It also contains phenylethylamine（苯乙胺）, which is believed to be important for regulating people’s moods.
However, British scientists urged caution about the findings,
suggesting that the decision to eat dark chocolate could be linked to other health factors. For example, people who choose dark chocolate may be more health-conscious in general, which is known to protect against depression.
Depressed people are also more likely to have a strong desire for more sugary fatty foods and so could be less likely to pick a dark alternative when choosing chocolate.
1. What is the aim of the study ( )
A. To find a cure for depression.
B. To find out the cause of depression.
C. To research on the ingredients of chocolate.
D. To study the association between depression and chocolate.
D
[解析] [语篇解读]本文为说明文。最新的研究表明，食用黑巧克力可以降低患抑郁症的风险。
【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第二段的第一句“The study is the first to examine the association with depression according to the type of chocolate consumed.”可知，其目的是研究抑郁和食用巧克力之间的关系。
2. What is phenylethylamine ( )
A. Something that can make people excited.
B. Something that can adjust people’s moods.
C. Something that can make people depressed.
D. Something that can make people overweight.
B
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第五段的最后一句中的“which is believed to be important for regulating people’s moods”可知，苯乙胺是调节人们情绪的东西。
3. What is British scientists’ attitude toward the findings ( )
A. Supportive. B. Negative. C. Doubtful. D. Cautious.
D
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第六段的第一句“However, British scientists urged caution about the findings, suggesting that the decision to eat dark chocolate could be linked to other health factors.”可知，英国科学家对研究的发现持谨慎的态度。
4. What are depressed people more likely to do ( )
A. Eat sugary fatty foods. B. Have dark chocolate.
C. Exercise outdoors. D. Concern about health.
A
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据最后一段内容可知，抑郁的人也更有可能想吃更多的高糖高脂食物，故选A项。
深度解析
词汇积累
1. depression n. 沮丧；忧愁
2. symptom n. 症状；征兆
3. status n. 地位
4. factor n. 因素；要素
5. alternative n. 可供选择的事物
难句分析
原句：After adjusting these factors, it was found that individuals who reported eating any dark chocolate in two 24-hour periods had 70 percent lower odds of reporting clinically relevant depressive symptoms in the previous two weeks than those who reported not eating chocolate at all.
句意：在调整了这些因素后，研究人员发现，在48小时内吃任何黑巧克力的人在前两周报告出现临床相关抑郁症状的概率比完全不吃巧克力的人低70%。
分析：本句为主从复合句。After adjusting these factors是介词短语作状语；that引导主语从句，it是形式主语，其中两个who均引导定语从句，分别修饰先行词individuals和 those。
Ⅱ.完形填空
（2020北京四中高二期中） Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims.
Students in the study became 1__________even when shown the logo of burger chain McDonald’s so quickly on screen that they could not 2__________it.
Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal （潜意识的） effect on 3__________making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time. They
conclude： “Our experiments suggest that the 4__________goal of saving time embedded in fast food may have the unexpected consequence of causing hurriedness and impatience.”
Thinking about fast food increases 5__________for time-saving products. “More 6__________ , we found that the mere exposure to fast food symbols reduced people’s willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate 7__________to greater future return, finally harming their economic interest.”
Student volunteers were quickly shown six logos from fast-food
chains-McDonald’s, Burger King, KFC, Subway, Wendy’s and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what they were but the subliminal effect was 8__________. Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it was significantly faster afterwards. Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincare treatments rather than 9__________versions after seeing the logos. When asked whether they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week’s time, they again chose 10__________reward after being exposed to the brands.
Researcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organizational behaviour at Canada’s Toronto University, said：“Fast food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate 11__________.” The problem is that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food 12__________whether time is a relevant factor in the context. “13__________, walking faster is time-efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it’s a sign of impatience when one is taking a walk in the park.”
“We’re finding that the mere exposure to fast food
is 14__________a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling （狼吞虎咽） my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no 15__________at all.”
1. ( )A. hungry B. stressful C. anxious D. timid
C
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了快餐会让人失去耐心，变得不耐烦。
考查形容词。【解题思路】句意：参加研究中的学生甚至在屏幕上看到麦当劳汉堡连锁店的标识时很快就变得焦急起来，以至于他们都没认出它。A. hungry饥饿的；B. stressful有压力的；C. anxious焦虑的，焦急的；D. timid胆小的。上文说一项新研究称，吃快餐会让人失去耐心，即使他们不缺时间，所以此处是说他们变得很焦急，故选C项。
2. ( )A. recognize B. investigate
C. diagnose D. recall
A
[解析] 考查动词。【解题思路】句意同上。A. recognize认出，承认；B. investigate调查；C. diagnose诊断；D. recall回忆。这些学生在看到麦当劳汉堡连锁店的标识时很快就变得焦急起来，以至于他们都没认出它，A项符合语境。
3. ( )A. motivation B. appearance
C. emotion D. behaviour
D
[解析] 考查名词。【解题思路】句意：研究人员说，每天接触快餐品牌会对人们的行为产生一种潜意识的影响，使人们无论是否被时间所迫，都会匆忙行事。A. motivation动机；B. appearance出现；C. emotion情感；D. behaviour行为。空后说人们无论是否被时间所迫，都会匆忙行事，这是对人们的行为产生的影响，故选D项。
4. ( )A. common B. unconscious C. primary D. temporary
B
[解析] 考查形容词。【解题思路】句意：他们得出结论：我们的实验表明，快餐当中含有的无意识节省时间的目标可能会导致匆忙和不耐烦的意外结果。A. common普通的；B. unconscious无意识的；C. primary初级的；D. temporary临时的。根据下文说的只要接触到快餐，节省时间的目标就会被激活可知，快餐当中含有的节省时间的目标是无意识的，故选B项。
5. ( )A. preference B. implication
C. ingredient D. intention
A
[解析] 考查名词。【解题思路】句意：考虑快餐会增加人们对省时产品的偏好。A. preference偏好；B. implication暗示；C. ingredient材料；D. intention意图。快餐属于省时食品，因此考虑快餐会增加人们对省时产品的偏爱，故选A项。
6. ( )A. naturally B. strikingly
C. fortunately D. personally
B
[解析] 考查副词。【解题思路】句意：更为突出的是，我们发现，仅仅接触快餐符号就降低了人们的储蓄意愿，导致他们宁愿眼前获利，也不愿未来获得更大回报，最终损害了他们的经济利益。A. naturally自然地；B. strikingly显著地；C. fortunately幸运地；D. personally亲自地。与上文说的考虑快餐会增加人们对省时产品的偏好相比，空后的这个发现是更为突出的，故选B项。
7. ( )A. gain B. proof C. respond D. attention
A
[解析] 考查名词。【解题思路】句意同上。A. gain利润；B. proof证据；C. respond回应；D. attention注意。根据空后的“to greater future return”可知，仅仅接触快餐符号就会导致人们宁愿眼前获利，也不愿未来获得更大回报，故选A项。
8. ( )A. concealed B. imposed
C. edited D. marked
D
[解析] 考查形容词。【解题思路】句意：他们无法有意识地看到它们是什么，但潜意识的影响是显著的。他们的阅读速度在看到商标之前和之后被测量，之后明显更快。他们的阅读速度在看到商标之前和之后被测量，之后明显更快，这说明对潜意识的影响是显著的，故选D项。
9. ( )A. separate B. special
C. expensive D. original
A
[解析] 考查形容词。【解题思路】句意：在看过这些商标后参与者也更喜欢省时的产品，比如三合一的护肤品，而不是单独版本。A. separate各自的，单独的；B. special特别的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. original原始的。根据空前的“three-in-one skincare treatments rather than”可知此处是与三合一的护肤品的比较，指的是单独版本的护肤品，故选A项。
10. ( )A. potential B. constant
C. intense D. instant
D
[解析] 考查形容词。【解题思路】句意：接触这些快餐品牌后，当被问及他们会立即接受一小笔钱还是在一周后接受更多的钱时，他们再次选择了立即获得奖励。A. potential潜在的；B. constant不变的；C. intense紧张的；D. instant立即的，紧迫的。上文说仅仅接触快餐符号就降低了人们的储蓄意愿，导致他们宁愿眼前获利，也不愿未来获得更大回报，所以此处是眼前获利的表现，指的是他们选择立即获得奖励，故选D项。
11. ( )A. cultivation B. resistance
C. satisfaction D. awareness
C
[解析] 考查名词。【解题思路】句意：快餐代表着一种时间效率和即时满足感的文化。A. cultivation培养；B. resistance阻力；C. satisfaction满意，满足；D. awareness意识。上文说快餐会让人们选择立即的奖励，这说明快餐会给人们带来一种即时满足感，故选C项。
12. ( )A. in terms of B. on account of
C. regardless of D. with respect to
C
[解析] 考查介词短语。【解题思路】句意：问题是，不管时间是否与环境相关，只要接触到快餐，节省时间的目标就会被激活。A. in terms of依据；B. on account of因为；C. regardless of不管；D. with respect to至于。根据空后的“whether time is a relevant factor in the context”可知，不管时间是否与环境相关，只要接触到快餐，节省时间的目标就会被激活，故选C项。
13. ( )A. In other words B. On the contrary
C. For example D. In addition
C
[解析] 考查介词短语。【解题思路】句意：例如，当一个人试图去开会时，走得更快是有效率的，但是当一个人在公园散步时，这是一种不耐烦的表现。A. In other words换言之；B. On the contrary相反；C. For example例如；D. In addition此外。空后介绍的是一个具体的例子，需要用For example引出，故选C项。
14. ( )A. promoting B. assuming
C. insulting D. assessing
A
[解析] 考查动词。【解题思路】句意：我们发现，仅仅接触快餐就普遍促进匆忙和不耐烦感。promote促进，提升；assume假定；insult冒犯；assess评估。根据空后的“a general sense of hurriedness and impatience”可知，仅仅接触快餐就会造成一种普遍的匆忙和不耐烦的感觉，故选A项。
15. ( )A. chance B. sense C. rush D. harm
C
[解析] 考查名词。【解题思路】句意：当我坐在一家快餐店时，我发现自己正以惊人的速度狼吞虎咽地吃着我的巨无霸，尽管根本不着急。A. chance可能性；B. sense意义；C. rush 匆忙；D. harm损害。根据“even though”可知，尽管我并不着急，我还是狼吞虎咽地吃巨无霸，故选C项。(共55张PPT)
UNIT 3 FOOD AND CULTURE
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
（过去完成时的主动语态和被动语态）
（1）（教材P26）When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.
（2）（教材P26）Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
（3）（教材P26）A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend, and finally, we found it.
（4）（教材P26）Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.
观察并归纳：
1. 例句（1）和（2）的黑体部分为过去完成时，其构成为“______________________________”，表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。
had+动词过去分词
2. 例句
（3）和（4）的黑体部分为过去完成时的___________________语态形式, 其构成为“ ______________________________”，表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作。
被动
had+been+动词过去分词
过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。
Ⅰ. 基本结构：had+动词过去分词
1. 肯定句：主语+had+动词过去分词+其他。
He had already been to New York earlier in the week.
本周早些时候他已经去过纽约。
2. 否定句：主语+hadn’t+动词过去分词+其他。
At that time we hadn’t met her.
那时我们还没有见到她。
3. 一般疑问句：Had+主语+动词过去分词+其他？
肯定回答：Yes，主语+had.
否定回答：No，主语+hadn’t.
—Had you visited here before
——你以前参观过这里吗？
—Yes,I had./No,I hadn’t.
——是，我来过。/没有, 我以前没有来过。
4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+had+主语+过去分词+其他？
Where had you been before you came here
你来这里前还去过哪儿？
Ⅱ. 基本用法
1. 表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。
By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.
到昨晚9点钟, 我们已经收到200张宇宙飞船发来的图片。
2. 表示过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到另一时间，并且还有可能持续下去，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.
他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
误区警示
1. 如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含 before 和 after 的复合句中，因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.
马克思到达英格兰之后，努力学习以提高他的英语水平。
2. 过去完成时与现在完成时的用法区别：现在完成时表示相对于现在来说已完成的动作，过去完成时表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已完成的动作。
We have cleaned this polluted river.
我们已经净化了这条被污染了的河流。
He said he had translated this book into Japanese.
他说他已经把这本书译成了日语。
Ⅲ. 特殊用法
1. 动词 think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend 等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。
They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.
他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。
We had hoped to be able to come and see you.
我们本来希望能来看看你。
2. 过去完成时还可用在 hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, it was the first/second/…time （that）…等固定句型中。
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
他刚到就又走了。
It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.
这是他那一年第三次失业了。
Ⅳ. 过去完成时的被动语态
过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动语态的结合。表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作，常与by, before 等介词短语或时间状语从句连用。由 “had+been+动词过去分词” 构成。
过去完成时的被动语态（动词以do为例）有以下三种形式：
（1）肯定结构：主语+had been done+其他成分。
（2）否定结构：主语+had not been done+其他成分。
（3）疑问句结构：Had+主语+been done+其他成分？
疑问词+had+主语+been done+其他成分？
How many buildings had been destroyed when the earthquake ended
地震结束时有多少建筑物被毁？
As the assignment had been done, he went on to search the Internet. 任务完成后，他继续上网搜索。
The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake.
媒体报道有1,000多人在地震中丧生。
Ⅰ.单句填空
1. I wish she______________（take）the medicine last night.
had taken
2. He couldn’t enter the house, for he_____________（leave） his key at school.
had left
3. No sooner_______________（get）home than I told him the inspiring news.
had he got
4. We first met on a train in 2010. We both felt that we______________（know） each other for years.
had known
5. My classmate said he______________（give）the book to the English teacher.
had given
6. They_______________（learn）about 2,000 English words by the end of last term.
had learnt
7. He said he would go to see the play, although he_____________（see）it before.
had seen
8. By the time he was twelve, Edison______________（begin）to make a living by himself.
had begun
9. The test question will be spoken just one time, you must listen very carefully in order to understand what the speaker_____________（say）.
has said
10. —Where did you go on holiday
—I______________（hope）to go to Hawaii, but I didn’t catch the plane on time.
had hoped
Ⅱ.完成句子
1. 我一到家就发现我的夹克衫忘在操场上了。
The moment I got home, I found_________________________in the playground.
I had left my jacket
2. ——你寄包裹了吗？
——还没有，当我到那儿时邮局已经关门了。
—Have you sent the parcel
—Not yet.__________________________________________when I got there.
The post office had already been closed
3. 一听到我被允许参加这次活动的消息，我就马上告诉了母亲。
Upon hearing the news that I__________________________________ the activity, I informed my mum of it at once.
had been allowed to take part in
4. 战争爆发时他在那儿住了半个世纪。
He_______________________________________when the war broke out.
had lived there for half a century
5. 那不是他第一次向我们撒谎了。
That was not the first time that______________________.
he had lied to us
Ⅲ.语法填空
In February this year, it was the first time I 1.______________（visit） the Palace Museum. Hardly I 2.____________（arrive）there when it 3.____________（begin） to rain. Unluckily, the museum 4.______________________（close） when we 5.____________（arrive）at the gate, so we had to go there again the next day. By the time I 6.____________（leave） Beijing, I 7.____________（visit）almost all the famous places of interest.
had visited
had arrived
began
had been closed
arrived
left
had visited
My uncle 8.______________（visit） it many times already, and he was very glad to be my guide. He 9.__________________（be） to New York earlier in the week. He said if he 10.______________（have） enough money, he would have been there much earlier. It was a fantastic place.
had visited
had already been
had had
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. When Alice came to, she did not know how long she _____________（lie）there.
had lain
2. She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the children ______________（eat）everything！
had eaten
3. It was the second time that Tom ______________________（punish） so seriously.
had been punished
4. She said that she _________________（not go）to the Great Wall yet.
hadn’t gone
5. I ______________（mean）to visit you, but an unexpected thing happened.
had meant
6. His village _____________________（flood） in the heavy rain, so he moved to his parents’ house.
had been flooded
7. I _______________（want）to lend you some money, but you didn’t ask.
had wanted
8. The play ________________（start）when we got to the theatre.
had started
9. By the end of June they ________________（treat）over 10,000 patients.
had treated
10. I surfed the Internet and ________（see） an online advertisement, so I sent an email, saying that I wanted the job.
saw
11. The universities in Britain _______________（take） in many students from China and other Asian countries over the past few years.
have taken
12. The interviewer was interested in the grades I ____________（get） in the exams.
had got
13. His newly-written novel ________________________（translate） into English by the end of last month.
had been translated
14. We’ll have to wait in line. The fast-food restaurant _____________（be） short-handed for weeks.
has been
15. She _______________（want） to help you but she had no time then.
had wanted
Ⅱ.句型转换
1. The chef had set up a farm-to-table restaurant before his new cookbook was published.
→A new farm-to-table restaurant ____________________by the chef before his new cookbook was published.
had been set up
2. They had finished their dinner by the time Sam joined them.
→Their dinner ______________________by the time Sam joined them.
had been finished
3. I had hardly seen her when I got off the bus.
→Hardly _______________her when I got off the bus.
had I seen
4. He had no sooner arrived than she went away.
→No sooner___________________than she went away.
had he arrived
5. “You have finished the homework, haven’t you？” my mother asked.
→My mother asked me___________________________the homework.
whether I had finished
Ⅲ.完成句子
1. 我们前天本打算来看你的, 但我们太忙了。
We _________________________and see you the day before yesterday, but we were too busy.
had intended to come
2. 我觉得很难听懂这个讲座, 因为我到的时候它已经开始了。
I found the lecture hard to follow because it________________when I arrived.
had started
3. 他跟我说他昨天看过那部电影了。
He told me that he ______________________the day before.
had seen the film
4. 上个月末, 他刚写的小说已被翻译成了英语。
His newly-written novel ___________________________________ by the end of last month.
had been translated into English
5. 我到家的时候, 她的作业还没有完成。
Her homework __________________________when I got home.
had not been finished
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
Tibetan Food
Butter Tea
When making butter tea, one needs to stir the yak butter and tea until they blend well. Butter tea’s aroma can easily fill one’s nostrils, and it is an essential daily drink for Tibetans. Butter tea can strengthen the body, nourish the soul, coordinate dispositions, make the soul calm, and keep out the cold. It contains Tibetans’ comprehension and wisdom of survival.
Tibetan Food
Tibetan Noodles
The favorite wheat-based food of Tibetans is the local noodles. When a bowl of Tibetan noodles is presented, the delicate color of the vessel, the clear soup, the thick noodles and the pleasant diced beef, along with a small bowl of hot sauce make people lick their lips. No wonder someone exclaimed, after having a big meal in a Tibetan noodle restaurant, “This is not only the liveliest Tibetan meal, but also represents the vigorousness of Tibetans.”
续表
Tibetan Food
Stone-Pot Chicken
The stone-pot chicken is perhaps the most distinctive dish in Tibet. The pot is made of natural stones on the shores of the Yarlung Tsangpo River. These stones are hollowed （挖） out and soaked in the water of Yarlung Tsangpo for thirty days before being used as pots. This especially delicious dish is made by putting Tibetan chicken and dozens of Chinese herbs into the pot and stewing it for several hours.
续表
Tibetan Food
Tibetan Yogurt
After tasting Tibetan yogurt, your concept of yogurt might be completely changed. The yogurt in Tibet is thick and strong, but it’s very sour. Even with sugar and honey, people who taste it for the first time still wince at this sourness. However, if you begin to like this yogurt’s originality, then every time you have this yogurt, it will seem like a festival treat.
续表
1. If you want to get relaxation and keep warm, what can you take ( )
A. The butter tea. B. The Tibetan yogurt.
C. The stone-pot chicken. D. The Tibetan noodles.
A
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了西藏的一些特色食物。
【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据题干中的 get relaxation and keep warm 可知对应的原文是 Butter Tea 中的 Butter tea can strengthen the body, nourish the soul, coordinate dispositions, make the soul calm, and keep out the cold. 由此可知，如果想放松和保暖，你应该喝酥油茶。故选A。
2. What is special about the stone-pot chicken ( )
A. It can strengthen the body.
B. Its pot is delicate and colorful.
C. Its pot is made of natural stones.
D. The chicken is thick and strong.
C
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据题干中的 the stone-pot chicken 可知对应原文Stone-Pot Chicken 中的 The pot is made of natural stones on the shores of the Yarlung Tsangpo River. 由此可知，石锅鸡的特别之处是它的锅是由天然的石头做成的。故选C。
3. What’s the purpose of this passage ( )
A. To compare some famous Tibetan food.
B. To introduce some famous Tibetan food.
C. To attract people to making Tibetan food.
D. To make comments on some famous Tibetan food.
B
[解析] 【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】本题可用排除法, 文章不存在对比，也没有对每道食物进行评价，也没有出现吸引读者去做这些食物的语句，只是客观地介绍了西藏的一些特色食物。故选B。
深度解析
词汇积累
1. stir v. 搅拌；微动
2. essential adj. 基本的；安全必要的
3. delicate adj. 微妙的；精美的，雅致的
4. no wonder 难怪
5. distinctive adj. 独特的，有特色的；与众不同的
难句分析
原句：However, if you begin to like this yogurt’s originality, then every time you have this yogurt, it will seem like a festival treat.
句意：然而，如果你开始喜欢这种酸奶的独特，那么每次你喝这种酸奶时，就好像是一次节日盛宴。
分析：本句为主从复合句。主句为 it will seem like a festival treat，if引导条件状语从句，every time 引导时间状语从句。
Ⅱ.语法填空
A
（2020黑龙江大庆铁人中学高二上学期期中）
Who is smarter A human being or artificial intelligence （AI） The question 1._________ （sweep） across the world a few weeks ago when a Google-developed program called AlphaGo defeated the best player in the world. So, what comes next
Some people are worried, saying that the rapid development of artificial intelligence could mean the end 2.________ the human race. So are we really about to live in the world
swept
of
3.__________ （show） in the movies
“Not quite,” answered John Markoff of The New York Times, 4._____ is optimistic about the future.“We think that, for the human being, things like sight and balance are natural 5._______ ordinary in our life. Also, we humans are better at making 6._____________ （adjust） to the surroundings. We have a long way to go before AI can 7.________ （true） begin to be similar to the human brain, even though the technology can be great.”
shown
who
and
adjustments
truly
“Our fate （命运） is in our own 8.__________ （hand）,” he added.“Since technology depends on the value of 9.____________ （it） creators, we can use technology 10._____________ （improve） the world.”
its
to improve
hands
1. __________
swept
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文语篇类型是说明文，主题语境是科学与技术。人工智能在许多领域击败了人类，但这能说明人工智能可以取代人类大脑吗？
时间状语 a few weeks ago 常与一般过去时连用。
2. _______
of
[解析] the end of…意为“……的终结”。
3. __________
shown
[解析] 过去分词短语 shown in the movies 作定语，修饰 world。
4. ________
who
[解析] 关系代词who指代先行词John Markoff，引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
5. ________
and
[解析] natural 与 ordinary 为并列关系，故用and连接。
6. ________________
adjustments
[解析] 空白处所填词在句中作make的宾语，故用 adjust 的名词形式；adjustment 常用复数形式。
7. __________
truly
[解析] 空白处所填词在句中修饰谓语动词，故用true的副词形式。
8. __________
hands
[解析] 根据句意“他补充说：‘我们的命运掌握在我们自己的手里’”可知，此处用hand的复数形式。
9. ________
its
[解析] 空白处所填词在句中作定语，修饰名词creators，故用形容词性物主代词its。
10. _______________
to improve
[解析] 此处结构为 use sth. to do。
B
（2020安徽黄山屯溪一中高二下学期期中）
Eating at restaurants hasn’t always been known as the best choice for people 1._____________ are trying to keep a healthy diet. It is 2._______________ （extreme） hard for people to avoid food that isn’t so good for them when dining out. However, you don’t have to give 3.________ your love of restaurants. There are ways that you can eat healthier food when dining out while you can still enjoy the experience.
One method is to take time 4.________________
who/that
extremely
up
to read
（read） the nutrition information. Some restaurants post it on their menus or their website. If you know you’re going to visit 5.______ certain restaurant, you should check the website first. If no nutrition information 6._____________ （list）, you should check the menu at the restaurant before you order.
Another way is to think about not eating cream or butter sauces. Instead, consider 7.____________ （choose） a sauce that could add a rich flavour to your food without extra calories （卡路里）.
a
is listed
choosing
All restaurants have water available. Whether it is free or you have to buy it, you should choose to drink water over other drinks like beer or soda, which 8.______________ （contain） a lot of calories.
Eating out doesn’t have to be an unhealthy 9.______________ （decide） as long as you make wise choices. You could still enjoy all of the benefits of dining out and be 10.__________ （please） with your choices later on.
contains
decision
pleased
1. _____________
who/that
[解析] [语篇解读] 在餐馆吃饭并不是人们最好的选择，尤其是对那些想要保持健康饮食的人来说，但仍有一些办法让你享受这次经历。
考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词people且在从句中作主语，故填who/that。
2. ______________
extremely
[解析] 考查副词。设空处修饰形容词hard，故填副词extremely。
3. _______
up
[解析] 考查固定搭配。give up意为“放弃，停止”。
4. ____________
to read
[解析] 考查不定式作状语的用法。take time to do sth. 意为“花时间做某事”。
5. ______
a
[解析] 考查不定冠词。a certain某一，修饰可数名词单数，故填a。
6. ______________
is listed
[解析] 考查一般现在时的被动语态。information与list之间是被动关系，且此处表示一般情况，故填 is listed。
7. _____________
choosing
[解析] 考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。consider doing sth. 意为“考虑做某事”。
8. _____________
contains
[解析] 考查主谓一致。which 指代 beer or soda，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
9. _____________
decision
[解析] 考查名词。由an unhealthy可知，此处应填名词decision。
10. ____________
pleased
[解析] 考查形容词作表语的用法。be pleased with sth. 意为“对某事满意”。(共91张PPT)
UNIT 3 FOOD AND CULTURE
Section Ⅲ Using Language
Ⅰ. 词汇拓展
1. ______________ / s ie t/v. 联系；交往→ _________________ / s si e n/ n. 协会；关联→ ______________ / s sie t d/adj. 有关联的；相关的
______________ / f nd mentl/adj. 根本的；基本的；基础的 n. 基本规律；根本法则→ ______________ / f nd ment li/adv. 根本上，基本上
associate
association
associated
fundamental
fundamentally
3. __________ / m d st/adj.
些许的；谦虚的；朴素的→ ________________ / m d stli/adv. 谦虚地；谦逊地→ ___________________ / m d sti/n. 谦逊
4. _________ /tr k/n. 诀窍；计谋；把戏→____________ / tr ki/adj. 狡猾的；棘手的
modesty
trick
tricky
modestly
modest
Ⅱ. 情境词块
1. make up _____________________________
2. regardless of _______________________
3. in other words _____________________
4. cut down on _______________________
5. quantities of ___________________
6. as with____________________________
7. 简单地说 ____________________________
8. 而不是 ________________________
组成；化妆；编造
不管；不顾
换句话说
减少；节省
大量的
就……而言；如同
put more simply
rather than
9. 在正确的道路上 _______________________________
10. 取决于 _____________________
on the right track
be up to
Ⅲ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 while引导时间状语从句
教材原句 Put more simply, while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer.
简单地说，当人们还在为高脂肪食物是否有害而争论不休时，我们已经知晓糖分是健康杀手。
中文例句 我们正在讨论问题时，他们冲了进来。
句式仿写 They rushed in_________________________________________.
while we were discussing questions
2.
句型公式 倍数表达方式
教材原句 And in America, people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day.
在美国，每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍。
中文例句 长江差不多是珠江的两倍长。
句式仿写 The Yangtze River_______________________________the Pearl River.
is almost twice longer than
3.
句型公式 It takes/took(sb.) some time to do…做……花费（某人）多长时间
教材原句 It takes about twenty minutes from the time you start eating for your brain to tell your body that you are full.
开始进食大约20分钟后，你的大脑才会告知你的身体“你吃饱了”。
中文例句 由于大雨，我花了三天才赶到北京。
句式仿写 ________________________________________________Beijing because of the heavy rain.
It took me three days to arrive in
背景导学
本栏目的活动主题是“写一篇关于健康饮食的文章”，通过读写活动帮助学生积累有关健康饮食的知识，深化对健康饮食这一主题的理解，并反思自身饮食习惯。
教材原文 HEALTHY EATING There is much debate nowadays as to what makes up a healthy diet. For example, scientists have insisted for years that a big enemy of health is fatty food. However, there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar. 教材译文
健康饮食
当下，何为健康饮食仍众说纷纭。例如，多年来科学家一直认为健康的大敌是高脂肪食物。然而，越来越多的证据表明，导致不良健康的真正因素并非高脂肪食物，而是糖分。
教材原文 Heart disease is the number one killer of Americans. And in America, people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day (Journal of the American Medical Association, 2014). This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be. 教材译文
心脏病是美国人的头号杀手。在美国，每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍（《美国医学会杂志》，2014年）。无论他们饮食的其他方面多么健康，都确实如此。
续表
教材原文 Put more simply, while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer. Much of this extra sugar comes from sweets and sweet drinks. The average American gets 1/3 of his or her sugar through sweet drinks alone. 教材译文
简单地说，当人们还在为高脂肪食物是否有害而争论不休时，我们已经知晓糖分是健康杀手。
多余的糖分大多来自甜食和甜饮料。一个普通的美国人单从甜饮料中摄取的糖分就占三分之一。
续表
教材原文 The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 100-150 calories a day from sugar, which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar. In other words, if you want to be healthy, you have to cut down on desserts, and cut out sweet drinks altogether. 教材译文
美国心脏协会建议我们将每日糖摄入量限制在100至150卡路里以下，少于一听甜饮料或一块糖果通常所含的糖分。换言之，你要想身体健康，就必须少吃甜点，完全禁饮甜饮料。
续表
教材原文 Beyond this, you can keep healthy by consuming different categories of fresh foods, especially fruit and vegetables, which are full of vitamins and fibre, rather than processed foods. Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and have higher quantities of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients. 教材译文
除此以外，为了保持身体健康，你还可以食用不同种类的新鲜食物，尤其是富含维生素和纤维素的水果和蔬菜，而不是加工食品。相比新鲜食材，加工食品通常营养成分较低，糖分、盐分和脂肪含量更高。
续表
教材原文 Besides this, it is also important to have some meat, beans, or dairy products in your diet, as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth. As with everything in life, moderation is key. The ideal diet is a balanced one, without too much or too little of any one thing. 教材译文
此外，饮食中摄取一些肉类、豆类或奶制品也十分重要，因为这些食物为强壮骨骼、肌肉生长提供必要的蛋白质。适量是关键，生活中万事均如此。理想的饮食是均衡饮食，避免过多或过少摄入任何一种成分。
续表
教材原文 Finally, a fundamental key to healthy eating is to eat slowly. It takes about twenty minutes from the time you start eating for your brain to tell your body that you are full. What this means is that people who chew too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry. 教材译文
最后，健康饮食的基本要诀是细嚼慢咽。开始进食大约20分钟后，你的大脑才会告知你的身体“你吃饱了”。这意味着咀嚼过快的人最终会吃太多食物，因为他们仍然感到饥饿。
续表
教材原文 Eating slowly also allows your body to digest your food better, and will allow you to enjoy your food more. In addition, studies show that consistent eating habits, for example, taking three meals a day at the same time each day, are better for our health. It is also better to eat a modest amount of food each time, rather than to eat a lot in one meal, 教材译文
细嚼慢咽还能让你的身体更好地消化食物、更充分地享受美食。此外，研究表明，有规律的饮食习惯对我们的健康更有好处，例如，每天固定时间食用三餐。而且最好每餐摄入适量的食物，而不是上一餐吃很多，
续表
教材原文 and then a little in the next. There is no one trick to healthy eating. Rather, healthy eating starts with having a healthy attitude towards food. One question you can ask yourself is, “Do I eat to live, or live to eat ” If you are using food mostly for nutrition, 教材译文
下一餐吃得很少。
健康饮食没有诀窍。相反，健康饮食始于健康的饮食态度。你可以问自己一个问题：“我是为了活着而吃饭，还是为了吃饭而活着？”如果你吃饭主要是为了汲取营养，
续表
教材原文 then you are on the right track with your diet. However, if food has become the centre of your life, you might be on the road to bad health. It is up to you to decide how you want to live, and to make the right decisions about your diet. 教材译文
那么你已经在饮食上走对了路子。然而，如果食物已成为你生活的核心，那么你可能已踏上不健康之路。你想如何生活、如何做出正确的饮食抉择，这完全取决于你自己。
续表
请将范文改写成一篇80词左右的短文。
【审题谋篇】
【词汇储备】
1. 换句话说 _________________________
2. 保持健康 ________________________
3. 减少 ________________________
4. 删除；停止 ____________________
5.……的基本要诀 ___________________________________
6.……的诀窍 _______________________
7. 取决于 _____________________
8. 做出正确的决定 _____________________________________
in other words
keep healthy
cut down on
cut out
a fundamental key to...
a trick to
be up to
make the right decisions
【句型运用】
1. 越来越多的证据表明，导致健康状况不佳的真正原因不是太多的脂肪食物，而是糖。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
There is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not fatty food but sugar.
2. 如果你想保持健康，你必须减少甜点，并完全停止甜饮料。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
If you want to keep healthy, you have to cut down on desserts, and cut out sweet drinks altogether.
3. 你可以保持健康。
__________________________
You can keep healthy.
4. 你可以食用不同种类的新鲜食物，特别是水果和蔬菜。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
You can consume different categories of fresh foods, especially fruit and vegetables.
5. 健康饮食的基本要诀是细嚼慢咽。
__________________________________________________________
A fundamental key to healthy eating is to eat slowly.
6. 健康饮食没有诀窍。
_____________________________________________
There is no one trick to healthy eating.
7. 你想如何生活、如何做出正确的饮食抉择，这完全取决于你自己。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
It is up to you to decide how you want to live, and to make the right decisions about your diet.
【句式升级】
1. 用not only…but also 升级句2。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
If you want to keep healthy, not only do you have to cut down on desserts but also cut out sweet drinks altogether.
2. 将3、4句合并为一句话。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
You can keep healthy by consuming different categories of fresh foods, especially fruit and vegetables.
3. 将5、6句合并为并列句。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
A fundamental key to healthy eating is to eat slowly but there is no one trick to healthy eating.
【串句成文】
1. 将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
There is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not much fatty food but sugar.
In other words, if you want to be healthy, you have to not only
cut down on desserts but also cut out sweet drinks altogether. Besides, you can keep healthy by consuming different categories of fresh foods, especially fruit and vegetables. Finally, a fundamental key to healthy eating is to eat slowly, but there is no one trick to healthy eating.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It is up to you to decide how you want to live, and to make the right decisions about your diet.
请用英语写一篇短文，描述你自己的饮食习惯，并就“健康饮食”提出自己的看法或建议。要点如下：
1. 介绍自己的饮食习惯；
2. 意识到健康饮食的重要性；
3. 养成健康饮食的习惯。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Like most people from the North, cooked wheaten food is always my favorite. I often have noodles for breakfast, steamed bread or pancakes for lunch and supper. I eat vegetables every day. I like seafood though it’s a little expensive. I often go out for good meals with my family and friends, but we often eat a lot of meat there.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I think we should form healthy eating habits. Breakfast is very important to our health. Besides, we’d better eat less meat and more fresh vegetables. All in all, we should realize the importance of a healthy diet.
1. regardless of不管；不顾
This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be. 无论他们饮食的其他方面多么健康，都确实如此。（教材P32）
典例翻译
① Drunk driving should be treated as a crime regardless of whether the driver causes a crash or not.
_______________________________________________
酒后驾驶应视为犯罪，无论司机是否造成撞车。
② Regardless of what happens my claim is safe and secure.
_______________________________________________
不管发生什么，我的主张都是安全的、保险的。
③ Regardless of the fact that they speak different languages, they can communicate freely.
_______________________________________________________
不管他们讲不同的语言的事实，但他们可以自由地交流。
归纳拓展
（1）regardless adv. 不管；不顾
（2）____________________________________ 不顾……的事实
（3）carry on regardless不管怎样都要进行下去
误区警示
regardless of 强调“不认为……重要”，从而不加以重视或考虑，其后可以接the fact that…；其同义词despite/in spite of还有“尽管……但是”之意，其后一般不接从句。
regardless of the fact that...
In spite of/Despite the heavy snow, she is going out for a walk.
尽管下大雪，她还要出去散步。
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① They continued to work regardless_______the fact that it was raining.
of
② Despite her recent surgery she has been carrying on _______________ (regard).
regardless
（2） 一句多译
③ 尽管遭遇暴风雨，我们依旧准时到达了车站。
→We arrived at the station on time ____________________________ .
→We arrived at the station on time __________________________________.
regardless of the storm
despite/in spite of the storm
2. quantity n. 数量；数额
Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and have higher quantities of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients. 相比新鲜食材，加工食品通常营养成分较低，糖分、盐分和脂肪含量更高。（教材P32）
典例翻译
① The policeman found that the house had been broken into and a quantity of jewelry stolen.
_______________________________________________
警察发现有人闯入这所房子，盗走了大量珠宝。
② With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are being washed away.
___________________________________________________
随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，大量的土壤正被冲走。
③ It’s cheaper to buy goods in quantity.
_______________________
大宗购物比较便宜。
归纳拓展
（1）__________________________________________________________ 大量/少量的
（2）__________________在数量上；大量地
in large quantities大量地
易混辨析
a quantity of和quantities of后既可接可数名词，也可接不可数名词，“a quantity of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词；“quantities of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
a large/small quantity of = large/small quantities of
in quantity
试比较：
Quantities of nuts were on the table.
桌上有很多坚果。
Quantities of food were on the table.
桌上有很多食物。
A quantity of nuts were on the table.
桌上有很多坚果。
学以致用
1. 单句填空
① During the Qingdao Beer Festival, large quantities of beer ________(be) sold out.
are
② Every day in hot summer, a large quantity of beer ________________ (consume).
is consumed
③ Large quantities of air-conditioners ___________________ (sell) since the summer is coming.
have been sold
④ He likes reading and always buys books in_____________ /in large _______________ (quantity).
quantity
quantities
3. trick n. 诀窍；计谋；把戏 vt. 哄骗；欺骗
There is no one trick to healthy eating. 健康饮食没有诀窍。（教材P32）
典例翻译
① He used the old trick of attacking in order to defend himself.
_______________________________
他采用了以攻为守的老招数。
② We are playing a trick on a man who keeps bothering me.
_____________________________________
我们在捉弄一个总是来烦我的男人。
③ They tricked the old lady out of ＄25，000.
______________________________________
他们从老太太那里骗走25,000美元。
归纳拓展
（1）_________________________________搞恶作剧；开某人玩笑
（2） _________________________ 从某人处骗走某物
trick sb. into doing sth. 诱使某人做某事
play tricks/a trick on sb.
trick sb. out of sth.
头脑风暴
“取笑与愚弄”面面观
①tease取笑；戏弄
②laugh at嘲笑
③make fun of取笑
④make a fool/joke of愚弄
⑤play a trick/joke on捉弄
学以致用
1. 单句填空
① Don’t take it seriously; she just wants to play a joke_______you.
on
② We were tricked_________buying a poor car, which made me very upset.
into
③ Her partner tried to trick her ___________her share.
out of
1. while引导时间状语从句
Put more simply,while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer. 简单地说，当人们还在为高脂肪食物是否有害而争论不休时，我们已经知晓糖分是健康杀手。 （教材P32）
典例翻译
① There’s plenty of rain in the southeast, while there’s little in the northwest.
_________________________________________
东南部雨量充足，而西北部则很少下雨。
② While Mary was writing a letter, the children were playing outside.
_____________________________________
当玛丽写信时，孩子们在外面玩耍。
③ While he loves his students, he is very strict with them.
___________________________________________
虽然他爱他的学生，可是他对他们很严格。
归纳拓展
（1）while引导时间状语从句时，意为“当……时候”。从句的谓语动词为延续性动词，从句与主句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
（2）while引导让步状语从句时，意为“虽然”，多放于句首。
（3）while可作并列连词，意为“而，然而”。
（4）while作名词时，意为“一会儿，一段时间”。
after a while过了一会儿
for a while暂时，一会儿
all the while一直，始终
误区警示
①while引导时间状语从句时，从句谓语动词要用延续性动词；when引导时间状语从句时，从句的谓语动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词。
②while引导让步状语从句时，通常用于句首，从句不能倒装。
学以致用
1. 完成句子
① 那个男孩擅长数学，而他妹妹擅长语文。
The boy is good at maths, ________________________________________.
while his sister is good at Chinese
② 尽管我明白你的话，但我还是不同意你的观点。
____________________________________, I can’t agree with you.
While I understand what you say
③ 他们聊了一会儿，然后就去上班了。
They________________________and then went to work.
chatted for a while
2. It takes/took(sb.) some time to do…做……花费（某人）多长时间
It takes about twenty minutes from the time you start eating for your brain to tell your body that you are full. 开始进食大约20分钟后，你的大脑才会告知你的身体“你吃饱了”。（教材P32）
典例翻译
① It took me years to get back on my feet.
_________________________________
我花了好几年才重新找到自己。
② It took me a long time to push my way through the crowd.
_____________________________________
我花了很长时间才从人群中挤过去。
③ It’s going to cost me over ＄100，000 to buy new trucks.
_____________________________________
买几辆新卡车将花掉我10万多美元。
归纳拓展
在It takes/took(sb.) some time to do…句型中，It为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语。
表达“花费”的其他句型：
（1）sb.+spends…on/in doing sth. 某人花费……做某事
（2）sth.+costs sb…某物花费某人多少钱
（3）sb.+pays+钱+for sth. 某人付钱买某物
（4）sb.+buys…for+钱 某人花钱买某物
学以致用
选词填空
take, spend, cost, pay, buy
① I __________＄120 on the books.
spent
② It __________ the boy most of his free time to learn drawing.
takes
③ She_________ ￡200 a week for this apartment.
pays
④ Good words _________ nothing, but are worth much.
cost
⑤ He ___________the bag for ten dollars.
bought
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1. Under normal conditions, only about 20 to 40 percent of____________ （维生素） E is absorbed.
vitamin
2. Young girls must be ___________ （谦虚的） in speech, dress and behavior.
modest
3. A________________（基本的） change in the organization of health services was required.
fundamental
4. Be certain to eat slowly and _________（咀嚼） your food extremely well.
chew
5. The results are entirely _______________ （一致的） with the findings of Garnett & Tobin.
consistent
6. Could you tell me the ___________（诀窍） of making such tasty cakes
tricks
7. The seaside had all sorts of pleasant _________________（联想） with childhood holidays for me.
associations
8. This book clearly falls into the _____________（种类） of fictionalised autobiography.
category
9. A large _____________（数量） of money has been collected to help those suffering from the floods.
quantity
10. Beijing Language and Culture University is __________ （理想的） for you to learn Chinese culture.
ideal
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
regardless of; quantities of; make up; cut down on; in other words; in addition to; rather than; on the right track; up to; end up
1. Five people make up the team; ___________________ , the team consists of five people.
in other words
2. It is__________ you to decide whether to go out for dinner or eat at home.
up to
3. I prefer to get up early ________________ go to school without breakfast.
rather than
4. What’s your second language ___________________ Chinese
in addition to
5. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort __________________whether his team wins or loses.
regardless of
6. He ________________coffee and cigarettes, and ate a balanced diet.
cut down on
7. In this small country, women officers____________ 13 percent of the police force.
make up
8. We haven’t succeeded yet, but we are _______________________ .
on the right track
9. They read large __________________ texts and, in general, read the texts without interruption.
quantities of
10. Every time they went dancing, they _____________ in a bad mood.
ended up
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
Scientists 1. ______________ (insist) for years that a big enemy of health is fatty food. However, there is increasing evidence 2. _____ the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar. Beyond this, you can keep healthy by consuming different 3. ___________ (category) of fresh foods, especially fruit and vegetables, 4. ______ are full of vitamins and fibre. Besides, it is also important to have some meat, beans, or dairy products in your diet, as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle 5._______(grow). The ideal
have insisted
that
categories
which
growth
diet is a 6. __________ (balance) one, without too much or too little of any one thing. Finally, a fundamental key 7. ______ healthy eating is to eat slowly. 8. ______ (eat) slowly allows your body to digest your food better. In addition, studies show that consistent eating habits, for example, taking three meals a day at the same time each day, 9.______ (be) better for our health. There is no one trick to healthy eating. It is up to you 10. ___________ (decide) how you want to live, and to make the right decisions about your diet.
balanced
to
Eating
are
to decide
Ⅰ. 单句填空
1. Large quantities of water ________ (be) needed for the cooling purpose.
are
2. The towns investigated fell into two broad _______________ (category).
categories
3. Workplace _____________ (canteen) are offering healthier food than ever before.
canteens
4. Our ________________ (associate) with him goes back four years.
association
5. The club welcomes all new members regardless_______ age.
of
6. One of his ___________ (ideal) is to become a pianist.
ideals
7. Daniel leaned back on the sofa, still ____________ (chew) on his apple.
chewing
8. Some of the magic ___________ (trick) called for audience participation.
tricks
with
10. It’s up to you ______________ (decide) which one to take.
to decide
9. What you say is not consistent_________what you do.
Ⅱ. 同义替换
somewhat, chew, ideal, associated, quantity, in moderation, category, fundamental, regardless of, dairy
1. The situation has changed to some degree since we last met. _____________
somewhat
2. He is closely connected in the public mind with horror movies. _______________
associated
3. In spite of his age, he still leads an active life. __________________
Regardless of
4. Solar energy is a new sort of source of energy. _____________
category
5. There is still an immense amount of work to be done. _____________
quantity
6. In the evening, we went into a shop that sells milk. __________
dairy
7. Alcohol should only ever be taken in small quantities. __________________
in moderation
8. The trip to Paris will be the most suitable opportunity to practise my French. __________
ideal
9. There is a basic difference between the two points of view. ________________
fundamental
10. After the operation, you may find it difficult to bite food into small pieces and swallow. _________
chew
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 为了讲一口流利的英语，我花了多年时间刻苦操练。(It takes/took sb. some time to do...)
___________________________________________ good English.
It took me years of hard work to speak
2. 这些是我的建议，但是由你决定选择哪条线路。(be up to)
These are my suggestions but ______________________________ which route to choose.
it is up to you to decide
3. 在过去，大量废水未经净化就被倒入河流了。(quantities of)
________________________waste water were poured into rivers without being cleaned in the past.
Large quantities of
4. 书和字典可以用作参考书籍而杂志当作阅读材料。
The textbooks and dictionaries can be used as reference books_________________________________ reading materials.
while the magazines serve as
5. 我正在考虑夏天不在家时把我的房子租出去。
I am thinking of renting out my house for the summer____________________ .
while I am away
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
（2020湖北石首高二下学期期中） Many of us love summer because it’s the season when vegetables are in abundance. Fresh vegetables have almost all of the nutrients that our body requires.
Fresh cabbage is an excellent source of natural vitamin C. It also contains an adequate number of minerals. Sweet carrot is notably rich in antioxidants （抗氧化物）, vitamins and dietary
fiber. Onion is a rich source of chromium （铬）, a mineral that helps cells respond appropriately to insulin （胰岛素） levels in the blood. As for me, tomato, juicy and delicious, is a wonderful gift to the world. Besides, it contains very good levels of vitamin A and vitamin C, and antioxidants, which are scientifically found to be protective against cancers.
Eat at least 5-7 servings of fresh vegetables every day. Seasonal vegetables should be encouraged. Whenever possible, go for organic vegetables to get maximum health benefits. Organic ones tend to be smaller but have rich flavour, possess some good
concentration of vitamins and minerals and are loaded with numerous health benefiting antioxidants.
After shopping for vegetables, the first thing you need to do is to wash them thoroughly, especially leafy green vegetables. Soak in salt water for a few minutes, and gently wash in cool water until you are satisfied with the cleanliness. This way you insure they are free from dirt sand and any chemical sprays. If you need to store them, then place inside plastic wrappings in order to preserve their nutrition for short periods until you use them. However, the best way is to use them early because, firstly,
certain vegetables have a very short period of life and secondly, the health benefiting qualities of vegetables decline with time.
1. What does the author seem to like about tomatoes ( )
A. They contain chromium.
B. They are high in minerals.
C. They have a pleasant taste.
D. They can control insulin levels.
C
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。夏季的蔬菜不仅新鲜，而且营养丰富。作者介绍了卷心菜、胡萝卜及洋葱等蔬菜所包含的营养元素。当然，想要保持健康，除了了解蔬菜的营养成分之外，科学的饮食方法也十分重要。
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As for me, tomato , juicy and delicious, is a wonderful gift to the world.”可知，作者喜欢西红柿的美味，故选C项。
2. Which of the following is not the advantage of organic vegetables ( )
A. Having more vitamins and minerals.
B. Containing more antioxidants.
C. Having a smaller size.
D. Being delicious.
C
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Organic ones tend to be smaller but have rich flavour, possess some good concentration of vitamins and minerals and are loaded with numerous health benefiting antioxidants.”可知，有机蔬菜的优势是味美、富含维生素和矿物质及抗氧化物，大小不是其优势，故选C项。
3. Which is the best choice about choosing vegetables ( )
A. Fresh and nutritious vegetables.
B. Delicious and bigger vegetables.
C. Juicy and smaller vegetables.
D. Seasonal and organic vegetables.
D
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Seasonal vegetables should be encouraged. Whenever possible, go for organic vegetables…”可知，选择蔬菜要重点考虑“应季”和“有机”这两个因素，故选D项。
4. From which is the text probably taken ( )
A. A biology textbook. B. A health magazine.
C. A research paper. D. A travel brochure.
B
[解析] 推理判断题。本文开头说夏季的蔬菜新鲜、富有营养且多种多样，接下来又介绍了富有营养的若干蔬菜及科学的食用方法。由此可知，本文的话题是健康饮食，所以文章应该选自“健康杂志”，故选B项。
深度解析
词汇积累
1. in abundance 大量；丰盛
2. nutrient n. 营养物
3. adequate adj. 足够的；合格的
4. appropriately adv. 适当地；合适地
5. leafy adj. （植物）多叶的；多树木的
难句分析
原句：However, the best way is to use them early because, firstly, certain vegetables have a very short period of life and secondly, the health benefiting qualities of vegetables decline with time.
句意：然而，最好的方法是尽早食用它们，因为，首先，某些蔬菜的寿命很短，其次，蔬菜的健康益处随着时间的推移而下
分析：本句为主从复合句。主句为the best way is to use them early, because引导原因状语从句。
Ⅱ. 七选五
（2020甘肃张掖第二中学高二线上测试）
We all need to eat. 1__________ . Of course, eating alone at home or at a restaurant can be a very satisfying experience. However, eating too many meals alone can be bad for our health and affect our future success.
2_________. Specifically, men who ate alone more than twice a week had a greater risk of developing high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes.
For children, eating with their family is not only about
G
F
preventing bad outcomes, but it is also about developing good ones. Several studies have looked at the long-term effects that eating with their family has on a child. Experts say that these studies do not seem to prove a cause-and-effect relationship. However, they do suggest a strong link. 3__________, they are less likely to skip school. When they eat a main meal with their family, they are also less likely to abuse drugs and alcohol.
Another study found that children who ate with their family experience long-term physical and mental health benefits. These
D
children were physically in better shape and drank fewer sugary soft drinks. 4__________ .
If you find too many of your mealtimes to be lonely events, experts suggest making small changes. 5__________, it is still time for a family to be together. If mornings are less busy than evenings, start by making breakfast your shared meal. If you live alone, reach out to those in your social circle or neighbourhood. If you work in an office, step out with a coworker for a bite to eat every once in a while, instead of eating at your desk every day.
C
B
A.If students have meals alone
B.Even if dinner is a salad and a sandwich
C.They also seemed to have better social skills
D.When students shared a main meal with their family
E.You should make room for at least one shared meal a week
F.A recent study suggests that frequently eating alone may lead to poor eating habits
G.Meals could be a chance to spend time with the people in our lives, but sometimes we eat meals alone
1. ______
G
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文为说明文。研究表明，经常独自用餐不但对我们的健康有害，而且还会对我们的未来是否成功有影响。
根据空格后的句子“Of course, eating alone at home or at a restaurant…”可知，所填的是引出下文的过渡句。G项“在生活中，吃饭是一个能够和他人共度时光的好机会，但是有时我们会独自用餐。”符合语境。
2. ______
F
[解析] 空格后句子是对空格处的进一步解释说明，介绍了独自用餐带来的坏影响。故此处应说明独自用餐的害处。F项“最近的一项研究表明，频繁独自用餐可能会导致不好的饮食习惯。”符合上下文。
3. ______
D
[解析] 根据上文的“However, they do suggest a strong link.”可知，D项符合语境。
4. ______
C
[解析] 本段说明了和家人一起用餐给孩子们带来的好的影响。此处承接上文，C项“他们好像也有更好的社交技能。”符合语境。
5. ______
B
[解析] 根据下文的“it is still time for a family to be together”可知，B项可与下文构成让步关系。
Ⅲ. 应用文写作
（2020河北邢台高二第一次月考） 假如你叫李华，是一位中学生。学了有关Healthy Eating的知识后，你想用英语给21th Century报社的编辑写一封信，反映你对当今学生饮食的看法，包括以下要点：
1. 越来越多的学生喜欢吃西式快餐，结果摄入大量的糖和脂肪；
2. 人们对中餐和西式快餐哪种更健康有不同的看法；
3. 你认为中餐更健康，并说出你的理由。
注意：1. 词数80左右，
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Editor,
Now, more and more students are getting fond of western fast food, and thus they take in too much sugar and fat. _____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I don’t think it good for their health.
There are all kinds of foods in the world. Which one is healthier, Chinese food or Western fast food Different people have different choices.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
In my opinion, Chinese food is healthier. Firstly, Chinese food contains a lot of fruit and green vegetables. It is rich in fiber and low in sugar and fat. Secondly, Chinese food is very delicious and has many dishes. It is nice to taste. I think it is the healthiest food in the world. So many Chinese people can keep fit and have white teeth.(共55张PPT)
UNIT 3 FOOD AND CULTURE
Section Ⅳ Expanding Your World
Ⅰ. 单词分层默写
1. 单词拼写
① __________ adj. 先前的；优先的
② ___________ n. 烹饪法；食谱
③ _________ n. 厨师；主厨
__________ vt. 填满；把……塞进 n. 东西；物品
⑤ __________ n. 薄片 vt. 把……切成薄片
⑥ __________ n. 洋葱；葱头
prior
recipe
chef
stuff
slice
onion
⑦ ________________ adj. 特别的；罕见的
⑧ ____________ n. 最小值；最少量 adj. 最低（限度）的；最小的
⑨ ____________ vt. 吃；喝；饮；消耗
⑩ ___________ n. 脾气；火气
_________ n. 无用的东西
__________ n. 品牌
___________ adj. 稳定的；稳重的
____________ n. 食堂；餐厅
_____________ adv. 有点；稍微
minimum
consume
temper
junk
exceptional
brand
stable
canteen
somewhat
__________ n. 夫人；女士
____________ n. 卡路里
________________ n. 协会；关联
_____________ n. 类别；种类
____________ n. 维生素
___________n. 数量；数额
__________ adj. 完美的；理想的；想象的 n. 理想；完美的人（或事物）
__________ n. 诀窍；计谋；把戏
____________ adv. 总体上；大致上 adj. 全面的；综合的
calorie
association
madam
overall
category
vitamin
ideal
trick
quantity
2. 拓展单词
① ______________ v. 联系；交往→ ________________ n. 协会；关联→ _______________ adj. 有关联的；相关的
② ________________ adj. 根本的；基本的；基础的→ __________________ adv. 从根本上, 基本上
③ ___________ adj. 些许的；谦虚的；朴素的→ _____________ adv. 谦虚地；谦逊地→ ____________ n. 谦逊
④ __________ n. 诀窍；计谋；把戏→ ___________ adj. 狡猾的；棘手的
associate
association
associated
fundamental
fundamentally
modest
modestly
modesty
trick
tricky
⑤ ____________ vi. 组成；构成→ _______________ adj. 一致的；连续的
⑥ ____________ adj. 精美的；讲究的；文雅的→ ______________ adv. 优美地；高雅地
⑦ __________ vt. 填满；把……塞进 n. 东西；物品→ ____________ adj. 塞满了的；吃饱了的
⑧ ________________ adj. 特别的；罕见的→ ___________ vt. 把……除外；不包括 prep. 除……之外→ ______________ n. 例外
elegant
elegantly
stuff
stuffed
exceptional
except
exception
consist
consistent
⑨ ____________ adj. 最低（限度）的；最小的 n. 最小值；最少量→ ____________ adj. 最高的；最大极限的 n. 最大量；最大限度
⑩ ____________ vt. 吃；喝；饮；消耗→ _____________ n. 消费者, 用户
___________ adj. 稳定的, 稳重的→ ______________ n. 稳定→ ______________ v. （使）稳定, 稳固→ __________________ n. 稳定；稳定化
stabilize
stabilization
minimum
maximum
consume
consumer
stable
stability
Ⅱ. 短语搭配翻译
1. 因此 ________________
as a result
2. 与……有联系 _________________
be linked to
3. 至少 _________________
at a minimum
4. 手拉手, 密切关联, 相连带 _________________
hand in hand
5. 由……组成 _______________
consist of
6. 切下 _______________
slice...off
7. 在……之前的 _____________
prior to
8. 很好的例子 ____________________
a case in point
9. 指的是 _____________
refer to
10. 另一方面 ______________________
on the other hand
11. 组成；化妆；编造 ____________
make up
12. 不管；不顾 __________________
regardless of
13. 换句话说 ___________________
in other words
14. 减少；节省 ________________
cut down on
15. 大量的 __________________
quantities of
16. 就……而言 ____________
as with
17. 简单地说 ____________________
put more simply
18. 而不是 ________________
rather than
19. 在正确的道路上 _______________________
on the right track
20. 取决于 __________
up to
Ⅲ. 教材原句翻译
1. Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
来中国之前，我只在美国接触过中式烹饪，那里的中国食物已被改变，以适应美国人的口味。
2. On the other hand, it does tell us a lot about Americans.
_______________________________________________
在另一方面，它确实让我们对美国人了解很多。
3. Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
我们疲惫不堪，饥肠辘辘，也不认识一个汉字，不知道该怎么点餐，所以厨师径自在我们的桌子上摆满食物；那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
4. We’ll need ten months at least to have the restaurant decorated.
___________________________________
我们至少需要十个月来装修餐厅。
5. We arrived late for supper that day, and so we just ate whatever was left in the university canteen.
_____________________________________________________________
那天我们吃晚饭迟到了，所以我们就吃了大学食堂剩下的东西。
6. Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and have higher quantities of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients.
_______________________________________________________________________
相比新鲜食材，加工食品通常营养成分较低，糖分、盐分和脂肪含量更高。
7. There is no one trick to healthy eating.
_______________________
健康饮食没有诀窍。
8. However, there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar.
_______________________________________________________________________________
然而，越来越多的证据表明，导致不良健康的真正因素并非高脂肪食物，而是糖分。
9. It is up to you to decide how you want to live, and to make the right decisions about your diet.
_______________________________________________________________
你想如何生活、如何做出正确的饮食抉择，这完全取决于你自己。
Ⅳ. 书面表达
结合本单元主题，使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
1. 你喜欢中餐而我热爱西餐。（while用作并列连词）
2. 中餐因油盐含量高而美味。（Chinese cuisine; be high in; with复合 结构）
3. 那些菜含有很高的卡路里。(contain; calorie)
4. 它们需要花费很长时间才能消化。(It takes some time to do sth.; digest)
5. 你一定尽量避免（吃）诸如烤羊肉串和红烧肉那样的菜。（do表强调; lamb kebab; red braised pork）
6. 少点菜，否则你在中国食堂吃饭时会浪费很多。（祈使句+or+陈述句; canteen）
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
You like Chinese food while I love Western food. As a matter of fact, Chinese cuisine is delicious with food high in oil and salt. But the dishes contain high calories, and it takes a long time to
digest them. You do try to avoid the dishes, such as lamb kebab and red braised pork. In addition, order fewer dishes or you will waste a lot when you eat in a Chinese canteen.
本单元中的单词minimum n. 最小值; 最少量 adj. 最低（限度）的; 最小的]中的前缀mini-表示“小”。minimum最小量(mini+mum), 其反义前缀maxi-表示“最大”“最长”（如: maximum）其他单词还有：
minibus小型公共汽车（mini+bus公共汽车）
miniskirt超短裙（mini+skirt短裙）
miniwar小规模战争（mini+war战争）
miniature小画像，缩影（mini+ature表示物品→小物品→小画像）
minify使……缩小（mini+fy→小化）
diminish缩减，减少（di+mini小+ish→使……小→缩小）
The Lion King《狮子王》
1. Everything you see exists together in a delicate balance.
世界上所有的生命都在微妙的平衡中生存。
2. I laugh in the face of danger.
越危险就越合我心意。
3. I’m only brave when I have to be. Being brave doesn’t mean you go looking for trouble.
我只是在必要的时候才会勇敢，勇敢并不代表你要到处闯祸。
4. When the world turns its back on you, you turn your back on the world.
如果这个世界对你不理不睬，你也可以这样对待它。
5. It’s like you are back from the dead.
好像你是死而复生似的。
6. You can’t change the past.
过去的事是不可以改变的。
7. Yes, the past can hurt. But I think you can either run from it or learn from it.
对，过去是痛楚的，但我认为你要么可以逃避，要么可以从中吸取教训。
8. This is my kingdom. If I don’t fight for it, who will
这是我的国土，我不为它而战斗，谁会呢？
9. Why should I believe you Everything you ever told me was a lie.
我为何要相信你？你所说的一切都是谎话。
10. I’ll make it up to you, I promise.
我会补偿你的，我保证。
Ⅰ. 单句填空
1. Every case he had was already stuffed _________ clothes.
with
2. They wanted to make sure they had got a slice _______ the profits.
of
3. In order to achieve his dream, he _________work hard.
does
4. [2019江苏卷] In modern man, the brain accounts for about 2%—3% of total body weight, but it _____________ （consume） 25% of the body’s energy when the body is at rest.
consumes
5. The ________________ （fundament）problem remains the housing shortage.
fundamental
6. With many forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ________ （be） being washed away each year.
are
7. The fields can give high and stable yields regardless _______ climatic circumstances.
of
8. In addition, there is evidence _________ some materials are transferred from one surface to another.
that
9. The programme was promoted in _____________ （associate） with the Department of Music.
association
10. If half of your plate is fruit and vegetables, you’re _______ the right track.
on
Ⅱ. 同义替换
bold, stuff with, overall, association, trick, consist in, modest, a slice of, consistent with, at a minimum
1. I wasn’t brave enough to tell her what I thought of her. _________
bold
2. When we find them, they’ve still got their pockets filled with twenty bottles. _________________
stuffed with
3. The true wealth does not lie in what we have, but in what we are. _______________
consist in
4. She took up a piece of bread, broke it nervously, then put it aside. _______________
a slice of
5. This would take three months at least. _________________
at a minimum
6. The results are entirely in agreement with our earlier research. ____________________
consistent with
7. He’s not proud, as well as being a great player. ___________
modest
8. The kids are always playing jokes on their teacher. ___________
tricks
9. Generally, this is a very useful book, as is known to all. ____________
Overall
10. Do you belong to any professional or trade organizations _________________
associations
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 我昨天的确给她打电话了，但是她没有接。（do/does/did强调谓语动词）
I ___________________________ , but she didn’t answer it.
did call her yesterday
2. 直走，你就会看到一座教堂。 你不会错过的。（祈使句+and+陈述句）
____________________________________________ . You won’t miss it.
Go straight on and you’ll see a church
3. 当玛丽写信时，孩子们在外面玩耍。（while引导时间状语从句）
____________________________________ , the children were playing outside.
While Mary was writing a letter
4. 他刚刚睡下铃就响了。(hardly…when…)
He ____________________ to bed when the bell rang.
had hardly gone
5. 他躺在草地上, 眼睛望着天空。（with复合结构）
He lay on the grass _____________________________________ .
with his eyes looking at the sky
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
（2021浙江宁波诺丁汉大学附属中学上学期期末考试） You may not pay much attention to your daily elevator ride. Many of us use a lift several times during a day without really thinking about it. But Lee Gray, PhD, of the University of North Carolina, US, has made it his business to examine this overlooked form of public transport. He is known as the “Elevator Guy”.
“The lift becomes an interesting social space where etiquette
（礼仪） is sort of strange,” Gray told the BBC. “They are socially very interesting but often very awkward places.”
We walk in and usually turn around to face the door. If someone else comes in, we may have to move. And here, according to Gray, lift-users unthinkingly go through a set pattern of movements. He told the BBC what he had observed.
He explained that when you are the only one inside a lift, you can do whatever you want-it’s your own little box. If there are two of you, you go into different corners, standing diagonally
（对角线地） across from each other to create distance.
Newcomers to the lift will need to size up the situation when the doors slide open and then act quickly. Once in, for most people the rule is simple-look down, or look at your phone.
Why are we so awkward in lifts “You don’t have enough space,” Professor Babette Renneberg, a clinical psychologist at the Free University of Berlin, told the BBC. “Usually when we meet other people, we have about an arm’s length of distance between us. And that’s not possible in most elevators.”
In such a small, enclosed space it becomes very important to act in a way that cannot be considered to be threatening or strange, “The easiest way to do this is avoid eye contact,” she said.
1. What is people’s response to the lift etiquette according to Gray ( )
A. Thinking much of it. B. Avoiding it on purpose.
C. Researching it continuously. D. Ignoring it unconsciously.
D
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章作者介绍了乘坐电梯时，应该注意的一些礼仪。
【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第三段中的And here, according to Gray, lift-users unthinkingly go through a set pattern of movements. 可知，根据Gray的说法，电梯使用者会不假思索地经历一组动作模式。由此可知，Gray认为人们无意识地忽视了电梯礼仪。故选D。
2. What does Gray think of riding a lift ( )
A. It’s funny and quick.
B. It’s strange and dangerous.
C. It’s interesting but awkward.
D. It’s convenient but boring.
C
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第二段中的They are socially very interesting but often very awkward places. 可知，这些地方在社交上很有趣，但通常也很尴尬。由此可知，Gray认为乘电梯很有趣，但也很尴尬。故选C。
3. What may most people do if they stay in the lift ( )
A. Talk loudly to each other. B. Keep still and silence.
C. Use mobile phones. D. Keep a close distance.
C
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第五段中的Once in, for most people the rule is simple-look down, or look at your phone. 可知，一旦进入，对大多数人来说，规则很简单——低头，或者看你的手机。由此可知，如果人们待在电梯里，大多数人可能会使用手机。故选C。
4. What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text ( )
A. To show how to ride elevators.
B. To introduce some rules of elevator etiquette.
C. To show how to break awkwardness of riding lifts.
D. To analyze the reasons for keeping elevator etiquette.
B
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第一段中的But Lee Gray, PhD, of the University … form of public transport. （但美国北卡罗来纳大学的Lee Gray博士却致力于研究这种被忽视的公共交通形式）及第二段中的“The lift becomes an interesting social space where etiquette （礼仪） is sort of strange,” Gray told the BBC. （“电梯变成了一个有趣的社交空间, 在这里礼仪有点奇怪，”Gray告诉BBC）及下文介绍可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一些电梯礼仪的规则。故选B。
Ⅱ. 七选五
（2020河北张家口高二上学期阶段检测）
How to Make Chinese Hot Pot
In China, eating hot pot is very common. People gather around a pot, dipping their food, waiting for it to cook, mixing their own seasonings（调味品） and enjoying each other’s company. 1___________ .
Firstly, prepare a large pot of soup. There is no right or wrong way to prepare a soup, so feel free to make your own. A simple soup can be made by boiling water with the addition of
D
meatbones or fish heads and a mixture of herbs, seasonings and vegetables.
Then, cut a variety of meats and fish into thin slices. 2__________ . Choose any ingredient that you enjoy. Some common choices for Chinese hot pot include thin pieces of beef, pork, lamb and so on. You can make your hot pot by using the more traditional method of using the meats and seafood that are local to you. Meanwhile, select, wash and prepare some vegetables. 3__________ . Mushrooms of all kinds are also common to Chinese hot pot preparations.
C
F
4__________ . At home, a single hot pot meal would work well up to 8 people depending on the size of the pot. Make sure everyone is sitting in a circle and has easy access to everything on the table. Prepare a separate small dish for each guest to mix their seasonings. 5__________ !
A.Finally, arrange the seating reasonably
B.Now comes the turn to enjoy your hot pot
C.It will guarantee that the items are cooked quickly and fully
D.Here are some easy steps to make Chinese hot pot at home
A
B
E.For more variety, consider dumplings and rice cakes
F.Popular choices include: cabbage, pea leaves, winter melon and bean curd
G.It usually lasts a couple of hours because you are cooking and eating in small parts
1. ______
D
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文为说明文。吃火锅在中国是常见的，本文介绍了做火锅的步骤。
【解题思路】根据该空位置并结合本文标题“How to Make Chinese Hot Pot”可知，设空处承上启下，引起下文对如何做火锅的叙述, 故D项符合语境。
2. ______
C
[解析] 【解题思路】根据前一句中的“cut a variety of meats and fish into thin slices”可知，要将各种肉和鱼切成薄片，据此可以判断，这样能保证食物很快、很充分地煮熟，故C项正确。
3. ______
F
[解析] 【解题思路】根据前一句“Meanwhile, select, wash and prepare some vegetables.”可知，同时要选择、清洗并准备一些蔬菜，据此可以判断，设空处列举受欢迎的用于制作火锅的蔬菜，故F项正确。
4. ______
A
[解析] 【解题思路】根据设空处所在位置可知，设空处为该段主题句；根据第二、三段第一句中的 “Firstly”、“Then”并结合本段内容可知，本段介绍做火锅的最后一步：合理安排好座位，故A项正确。
5. ______
B
[解析] 【解题思路】根据设空处所在的位置并结合语境可知，在火锅的各种准备工作完毕后，就可以开始享受了，故B项正确。
Ⅲ. 读后续写
1. （2020安徽亳州第三十二中学高二上学期周考） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
There was once a guy who suffered from cancer, a cancer that can’t be cured. He was 18 years old and he could die anytime. One day, he wanted to go out for a walk. So his mother gave him permission.
He walked down his block and found a lot of stores. He passed a CD store and looked through the front door for a second as he
walked. He stopped and went back to look into the store. He saw a beautiful girl about his age and he knew it was love at first sight. He opened the door and walked in, not looking at anything else but her. He walked closer and closer until he was finally at the front desk where she sat.
She began to looked up and asked, “Can I help you？”
She smiled and he thought it was the most beautiful smile he had ever seen before.
“Uh…Yeah…Umm…I would like to buy a CD,” he looked at her and said.
He picked one out and gave her money for it.
“Would you like me to wrap it for you？” she asked, smiling her cute smile again.
He nodded and she went to the back. She came back with the wrapped CD and gave it to him. He took it and walked out of the store. From then on, he went to that store every day and bought a CD, and she wrapped it for him. He took the CD home and put it in
his closet. He was still too shy to ask her out. His mother found out about this and told him to just ask her. So the next day, he took all his courage and went to the store. He bought a CD once again. She went to the back of the store and came back with it wrapped. He took it and left a piece of paper of his phone number on the desk and ran out.
RRRRRING! She was surprised to find that.
One day the phone rang, and the mother picked it up and said, Hello…
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
It was the girl!____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The mother couldn’t hide her deep sadness, so she began to cry and said, “Lovely girl, my son is already gone.” The girl kept silent for a second, and then continued to comfort the boy’s mother. A few minutes later, she had to say goodbye to the mother. Eventually, the mother lost control of her emotions and burst out crying. “What a good girl!” she said. And then she was collecting his son’s relic in his room. She was surprised to find out a new notebook, which was placed among all
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The mother was deeply moved by her son. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
his CDs. It was full of love, and on the last page it was written as follows “Hi…pretty girl, I wrote RRRRRING on a piece of paper to you. Do you see it ”
Sure enough, this kind of courage could make people touched. What is love？As an old saying goes, “live beautifully, dream passionately and love completely.”
[解析] 解题思路
体裁： 记叙文
时态：以一般过去时为主, 以一般现在时为辅
原文核心内容解读：一位身患癌症的男孩在CD店邂逅了一位漂亮的女孩, 并深深爱上了她。
文章脉络
When: one day
Where: a CD store, the family
Who: the mother, the guy, the girl
What: After the boy met the beautiful girl, he inspired the courage and motivation of his love.
写作思路
第一段：母亲听闻女孩的电话而抽泣，告诉女孩儿子已经离去。母亲思绪万千，整理儿子遗物，发现儿子写给女孩的情书。第二段：母亲极为感动, 一份朴素的情感让儿子活了更长时间。爱是什么呢？正如老话说得：“活要活得美好, 梦要梦得热烈, 爱要爱得完整”。(共5张PPT)
UNIT 3 FOOD AND CULTURE
背景导学
Sometimes we are curious to know what type of food is healthy and what kind of food may hurt our health.
As a result of years of research, we know that too much fat is bad for our health. For example, Americans eat a lot of meat and only a small number of grains, fruits, and vegetables. Because of this, they often get cancer and heart disease. In Japan, on the
other hand, people eat lots of grains and very little meat. They also have a very low rate （比率） of cancer and heart disease. In fact, the Japanese live longer than people in any other country. Unfortunately, when Japanese people move to the United States, the rate of heart disease and cancer increases as their diet changes. What’s more, as hamburgers and other high-fat foods become common in Japan, the rate of heart disease and cancer is increasing there as well. People are also eating more meat and dairy products in other countries such as Cuba and Hungary. It’s no surprise that the disease rate in these countries is increasing along with the
change in diet.
Therefore, doctors everywhere advise people to eat more grains, fruits, and vegetables, and eat less meat and dairy products.
1. Why do Americans often get cancer and heart disease
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Because Americans eat a lot of meat and only a small number of grains, fruits, and vegetables.
2. What should we eat
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
We should eat more grains, fruits, and vegetables, and eat less meat and dairy products.
3. What’s the main idea of the passage
_______________________________________
It is mainly about healthy eating.

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