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上海行知中学2021-2022学年高三下英语开学考
Ⅱ.Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions:After reading the passages below,fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.
Young Chinese Take a Stand Against Pressure of Life--By Lying Down
Young Chinese are rebelling against society through a simple act of resistance: lying down. Examples of the“tangping'",or“lying flat'", way of life (2l) _________ (include) not getting married, not having children, and refusing to work extra hours or to hold a job at all. “I stay at home and sleep and watch television series. Sometimes I go out for walks, read books and just think a lot," said Daisy Zhang, who described herself as“lying flat'"for the last two weeks (22) _________ leaving her job in the film industry in Wuxi.
“Tangping'"(23)_________ (emerge) over the last few months as the rallying call of Chinese millennials who have had enough of the rat race.Some compare them to the 1950s Beat Generation in the United States. (24) _________ consider call their behavior a form of nonviolent resistance or “ideological emancipation(解放)” from consumerism. Supporters portray it as a rejection of struggle and endless striving. Critics say it is defeatist. “People realize there is no upward mobility," said Yicheng Wang, a PhD student in political science at Boston University, who studies propaganda and popular discourse.“My life is like this.It will always be like this."The term developed after an April post on the Tieba forum, (25)_________ author, unemployed for the last two years, described a low -effort, low-cost lifestyle (26)_________ (consist) of just a few months' work out of the year.
“Lying flat is my sophistic movement,"he wrote, referring to the Greek philosopher Diogenes,who was known (27) _________ living in a barrel. He posted a picture of himself lying in bed in the middle of the day with the curtains (28)_________ (draw).
In the following weeks ,a“lying flat'"group on the online forum Douban surged to 9,000 members.Internet users identified themselves as“lying flatists'”, posting photos of cats and seals lying supine(仰卧的). But(29)_________ “tangping'"gained popularity, it also brought a level of disgrace. Nanfang Daily called the philosophy “shameful". Global Times made light of it describing“lying flat'"as“not a serious philosophy'".The Youth League pointed out that young medical workers on the front lines during the pandemic “never chose to lie down.”
For Zhang in Wuxi, lying flat is not about giving up or withdrawing from society.“ Many people want to lie down because 996 is too tiring,"she said, referring to the notorious hours common in tech industry,(30) _________ staff are expected to work from 9 a.m.to 9 p.m, six days a week. The philosophy is also about giving oneself a break.
Section B
Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note thatthere is one word more than you need.
A.thread B.illustrate C.breaks D.films E.engage F.second G.favored H.constantly I.embracing J.considerably K.certified
Learning for a Distracted Generation
Today's students have a problem,and it is not the one written on the board.They were born into a world where algorithms(算法) keep them clicking,scrolling and swiping at a rapid pace. Technology, smartphones, social media and immediate access to the internet are hurting their ability to focus and changing the way they think. Now teachers have a problem too.They find it particularly exhausting to ask students to read complex or long texts without taking regular (31)_________. Smartphones have clearly affected the younger generation, but how education should evolve for digital-native students was not something that was covered when they were getting (32)_________ .
A common (33)_________ among teachers is that short is good.When students can't seem to pay attention to long lectures, many teachers simply hack lessons into smaller chunks(模块).In fact,students need time to (34)_________ with a topic once the teacher introduces it before moving on. Switching between small lessons too quickly could rob them of valuable comprehension.
A 2018 study from educational publisher Pearson found that students aged between 10 and 24 tend to stay away from physical books.They prefer video as a source of information (35)_________ only to teachers.
Therefore, some tech-forward teachers choose to “meet kids where they are'"on platforms such as YouTube and Instagram. Asha Choksi, vice president of global research at Pearson, gives the example of a teacher who (36)_________ himself performing a science experiment and posts it to YouTube.When it is time for class,he uses the video to (37)_________ materials in the textbook,which can seem boring to students.
Still,while those educators are (38)_________ technology in the classroom to meet students' needs,they are also finding value in traditional methods, and so suggest a blended(混合的)learning approach. Direct instruction from them will never be replaced in their classes.Technology will be (39)_________ only when it improves a lesson in ways that are impossible offline.
Digital natives will continue to eagerly adopt new media.Teachers have no choice but to adapt. They are making an effort not only to ensure that students take advantage of new technologies, but to teach students valuable skills that can help them succeed in a world (40)_________ trying to distract them.Think of the Zuckerbergs, the Gates,the Jobs and all those pioneers in the tech world.They became successful not because they could code:it was because they could think.
III.Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Almost all animals sleep,but do they dream We certainly can't ask animals if they dream, but we can at least (41)_________ the evidence that they might.There are two ways in which scientists have gone about this seemingly (42)_________ task. One is to look at their physical behavior during the various stages of the sleep cycle. The second is to see whether their sleeping brains work similarly to our own sleeping brains.
The story of how we (43)_________ how to look into the minds of sleeping animals begins in the 1960s. Back then,reports began to appear in medical journals describing people acting out (44) _________ in their dreams.This was curious,because during so-called REM sleep (rapid eye movement), our muscles are usually paralyzed.
Researchers realized that causing a similar state in (45)_________ could allow them to explore how they dream. In 1965, French scientists Michel Jouvet and J F Delorme found that removing a part of the brainstem,called the pons, from a cat's brain(46)_________ it becoming paralyzed when in REM. The researchers called the condition“REM without atonia"or REM-A. Instead of lying still, the cats walked around and behaved aggressively. This hinted they were dreaming of (47) _________from their waking hours.
(48)_________ movement is not the only way of looking into dreams,though. Researchers can now (49)_________ look into the electrical and chemical activities of brain cells in animals while they sleep. In 2007, MIT scientists Kenway Louise and Matthew Wilson recorded the activity of neurons in a part of the rat brain called the hippocampus, a structure known to be involved in the formation and encoding of memories. They first recorded the activity of those brain cells while the rats ran in their mazes. Then they looked at the activity of the very same neurons while they slept. Louise and Wilson discovered similar patterns of firing during (50)_________ and during REM. (51)_________ , it was as if the rats were running the maze in their minds while they were sleeping.The results were so clear that the researchers could infer the rats' precise (52)_________ within their mental dream mazes and map them to actual spots within the actual maze. Does the behavior of cats in science experiments actually (53) _________ dreaming Do rats have any subjective awareness that they're running their mazes in their minds while they nap We can say with a reasonable amount of (54)_________ that the physiological and behavioral features of dreaming in humans have now been seen in cats,rats, and other animals. Yet what it's actually like to (55)_________ a dream if you're not human remains a mystery.
41.A.foresee B.cover C.strengthen D.observe
42.A.disconnected B.endless C.uncomfortable D.impossible
43.A.made for B.took over C.worked out D.tuned down
44.A.dialogues B.ideals C.movements D.meanings
45.A.animals B.dreams C.humans D.changes
46.A.imagined B.prevented C.appreciated D.witnessed
47.A.disasters B.activities C.successes D.failures
48.A.Physical B.Accidental C.Harmonious D.Independent
49.A.randomly B.reluctantly C.unconsciously D.humanely
50.A.sleeping B.running C.recording D.studying
51.A.To sum up B.By comparison C.For example D.In other words
52.A.location B.prediction C.moment D.nature
53.A.account for B.rely on C.qualify as D.differ from
54.A.doubt B.certainty C.specification D.memory
55.A.explain B.explore C.experience D.experiment
Section B
Directions:Read the following two passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B.C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
As consumers, especially young ones,become more eco-conscious, services are popping up to reduce wastefulness in the flower industry,extending the life of old bouquets(花束)that were previously thrown away the day after a big event.
Considering that the floral gifting market is expected to reach 16 billion in revenue by 2023,buying from eco-friendly businesses can have a huge impact.According to one estimate,the roughly 100 million roses grown for a typical Valentine's Day in the U.S.produce about 9,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions.
“When you realize what the supply chain looks like and the number of hands that touch these flowers.and then they're only appreciated for a couple of hours,it's kind of disgusting when you think about the amount of resources that go into it," says Jennifer Grove, founder of New York City-based flower service Repeat Roses.
While working as a wedding designer and corporate planner,Grove often oversaw the design of floral arrangements,only to see those creations thrown away within a few hours.In 2014 she founded Repeat Roses to make it easier for luxury clients to donate used bouquets. Like a traditional floral service,the company sells high-end floral decorations for weddings or social events, but it then recycles or composts(堆肥)them.
If a customer chooses the unique repurposing(改变用途)service, a Repcat Roses team can remove the arrangements from the event and then restyle the flowers into smaller bouquets to donate to hospitals,nursing homes and family shelters. If there's a charity that holds a special place in a customer's heart,the team will ensure the blooms are sent there.“It s a logistics business, and we're trying to make sure we are strategic in where we play matchmaker,"Grove says.When the charities are finished with the flowers, Repeat Roses also picks them back up and composts them.The altruism isn't free--prices start at $1,75 0 for the removal and repurposing service to account for the transportation and labor costs.If you're not willing to spend that much,the company will still compost the flowers from your event instead of sending them to a landfill.
Through these two methods, Repeat Roses estimates it has diverted more than 98 tons of waste from landfills and delivered almost 53,000 floral arrangements to people in need.Although Repeat Roses is a for-profit business, the flower repurposing itself is a tax write-off for the client.As the fair market value of a client's donated flowers is what's used for the charitable tax credit and is eligible for deduction,Repeat Roses ensures that the beneficiary sends you an acknowledgement letter including details of your donation.
56.Jennifer Grove founded Repcat Roses in order to do the following except
A.avoid the waste of flowers
B.reduce the pollution to the environment
C.earn money by selling used flowers
D.help some customers do charity work
57.The underlined word“altruism"in Paragraph5 refers to
A.the company's composting the flowers
B.the customers' donating flowers to people in need
C.the reception of the donation by the people in need
D.the transportation of the flowers to a landfill
58.What benefit does a customer who has donated flowers get
A.To get a discount when buying flowers. B.To feel fulfilled because of donation.
C.To get a tax reduction. D.To receive a letter of compliment.
59.The passage is mainly intended to introduce
A.a creative way of making money
B.a green trend of waste utilization
C.a way to cut the emission of carbon dioxide
D.a company devoted to charity
(B)
Lucky Dog is committed to finding loving forever homes for each of our dogs and cats.Our customized adoption process is designed to find the best fit for adopters,whatever they may be looking for.You may have a specific pet in mind or just beginning your search for a new family member;wherever you are in the process our Adoption Coordinators are here to guide you through the process.
We are incredibly grateful for the overwhelming interest in our animals.You may notice that our dogs, cats, puppies and kittens are being adopted incredibly quickly and may not stay on the website very long. Please, don't let that deter you! We have more new arrivals coming in all the time, and Lucky Dog is committed to finding you a great fit for your family.We will be happy to help you find a match once we receive your adoption application.
THE ADOPTION PROCESS
Step 1
Complete a Dog or Cat Adoption Questionnaire at the link below.If you are interested in applying for a specific animal on the website, please be sure to list their names on your questionnaire. If you cannot select an animal please still submit your questionnaire and write in the notes who you might be interested in! You only need to apply once and we will ensure it is directed to the right person.Please note that submitting an application is the first step in our process and does not guarantee adoption of a particular dog or cat.
Step 2
You will be contacted via email by a Volunteer Lucky Dog Animal Rescue Adoption Coordinator
or Screener. They will then schedule an initial phone screening to further discuss your needs, preferences and lifestyle as you look for a new family member.
Step 3
Your Adoption Coordinator or Screener will also conduct any required checks, including a vet check to ensure your pets are up to date on medical needs,a landlord check if you rent,and a virtual home visit -during which a knowledgeable volunteer will meet with all residents of your home to identify any risks or items to monitor when your new pet arrives and ensure that everyone is ready to welcome them home!
Step 4
At the time of adoption,the following adoption fees will be required, as well as a leash, ID tag,martingale collar and carrier for cats/kittens.
·Puppy(1 to 6 months): $ 425
·Young/Adult Dog(7 months to8 years):$400
·Senior Dog(9 years and older):S300
·Dogs Receiving Heartworm Treatment:$475
·One Cat/Kitten:S175
·Two Cats/Kittens:S300
Spay/Neuter policy update:
A nonrefundable spay/neuter deposit will be added to a puppy or kitten's adoption fee should you want Lucky Dog to pay for the cost of spay/neuter surgery at one of our low-cost vet partners. Adopters must be able to provide transportation to and from the partner visits.
60.How much do you need to pay if you adopt two baby cats and a middle-aged dog
A.$600 B.S700 C.S750 D.S775
61.Your Adoption Coordinator or Screener may do any required checks except
A.your current income level. B.a landlord check if necessary.
C.a personal visit to your home. D.your pet's health condition
62.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A.The adoption process can take quite a long time because of the routine paperwork.
B.Once you submit your application,you are assured of adopting your desired dog or cat.
C.You will have to pay some money in advance if you order a neuter surgery service.
D.Your Adoption Coordinator or Screener will only contact you through email.
(C)
In his 1975 novel Changing Places,British novelist David Lodge described the lifestyle of two literature professors who cross the planet repeatedly,trading a rainy English campus for a sunny California university,and vice versa. Along the way,many other things are exchanged as well,including affairs of the heart.
While scholars working today don't enjoy the same benefits-luxury hotels and business-class flights in particular--they might recognize that they still live in Lodge's small world.Since the mid-1970s,transportation and communication advances have made the planet steadily smaller and the number of international students has risen sharply in turn.In Lodge's novels,universities seemed changeless,while four decades later they are fully engaged in internationalization.
In the post Cold War era,academic relationships are becoming richer and more complex.Students in the Global South, eager to participate in the knowledge economy and receive some of its benefits,are driving much of the increased demand for education at all levels.That future profits and solutions to pressing global problems are to be found in advanced research makes international cooperation essential.
As a recent report shows,internationalization is a strategic priority for many universities and they're working to put themselves on the world map. When competing for new lands, however,familiar rules no longer apply and new guidelines must be established to increase the chance of profits,or at least minimize potential losses. The internationalization of universities raises an old problem:the ability to connect to global development without losing diversity. Some aspects of global science,such as Nobel prizes,tend to promote a“winner-takes-all' system. Higher education institutions should take a critical distance from his tendency and embrace their diversity--there is more than one Treasure Island for science. Internationalization is not about going to places similar to our own country or institution. Instead,students and scholars can find stimulating environments and academic conditions that can challenge what they take for granted.
We generally assume that higher education and innovation go hand in hand, but we do not know how innovation comes about. The only reasonable assumption is that it happens in difficult conditions,when we have to overcome a problem. That's why it's important to put students and scholars in challenging diverse situations and help them learn different ways of thinking. From my point of view, enhancing access and promoting diversity should be the compass of all internationalization strategies. So,the ship has started,and let's sail.
63.The purpose of mentioning the novel by David Lodge is to
A.show how things are changed internationally
B.criticize the lifestyle of two literature professors
C.convince the readers that universities are changeless
D.introduce the topic of internationalization of universities
64.What can be inferred from the passage
A.Universities have to set up new rules to cope with the competition.
B.All the universities are working hard to attract more international students.
C.International students make academic relationship of universities more complex.
D.The reasons for international cooperation of universities are profits and competition.
65.What does the underlined sentence“there is more than one Treasure Island for science"in Paragraph 5 mean
A.Globalized Higher education should develop more treasures with science.
B.Internationalized Higher education is expected of winning more Nobel Prizes.
C.Globalized Higher education should be diverse.
D.Internationalization of universities should challenge scholars more.
66.What does the passage mainly talk about
A.Innovation-the best solution to globalization
B.Innovation and cooperation come to us hand in hand
C.International cooperation of universities becomes more essential
D.Globalized higher education-there's more than one way to excellence
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box.Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A.This aspect of the story and fear of strangers has brought about frustration among people. B.Some people never recover the youthful enthusiasm for unforeseen encounters. C.Middle-aged people gradually realize that the exchange will be a one-off which can permit freedom and frankness. D.People of all ages have come to miss the human stimulation of busy high streets or trains. E.In mid-life and beyond people can still experience the joy of a random meeting. F.Despite this,the resulting interactions can generate an appealing feeling of escaping familiarity.
Hello,Stranger
Attitudes to strangers tend to follow a familiar pattern.Children are taught never to speak to unknown grown-ups,especially those regarded by their parents as untrustworthy.The onset of adolescence and young adulthood brings a bursting desire to interact with all sorts of people,which, of course, might not gain family approval. 67_____________
Social circles generally narrow again as people find life-partners,form households and produce offspring of their own.Time becomes scarce; new friendships are often based on sharing the burden of child care. 68_____________ As is often the ease,that is because professional duties expand even as parental ones diminish.Then in old age, even if curiosity and charisma remain undimmed,lack of mental and psychological energy makes new serendipitous connections harder to establish.
But that is not the whole story. 69_____________ However short,it somehow touches a nerve. It might involve nothing more than a smile, or a chance remark that hits an emotional spot; or it might be an unexpectedly deep conversation on a plane or train, a surge of mutual understanding that is life-affirming even if the companion is never seen again.
In the age of Covid-19 and Zoom, the chronological pattern has been changed. Instead of their vague possibilities and risks, strangers have assumed the all-too-literal role as a looming source of infection.During lock-downs they are officially to be avoided.Yet youngsters still long dangerously, for the pleasure of interaction, not just with individuals but anonymous crowds.70_____________ And we can hear the burden of wearing a mask through the whole movie just to enjoy the comforting sense of fellowship in a cinema or theatre audience.
IV.Summary Writing
71.Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
Ann Grand:a visual thinker
Ann Grand is a visual thinker.When somebody speaks to her,the words arc instantly translated into pictures, like a video in her head.Unlike most people,her thoughts move from video-like images to generalizations and concepts.Furthermore,her memories usually appear in her imagination in order of time,and the image visualized are always specific. For example,if she thinks about a chimney, she sees detailed pictures,like the one in her old house,and then those in her hometown.That one word can turn into a full-length video in her head.Grand's mind works like the Internet search engine which produces dozens of images of an object a user is searching for.
Visual thinking has enabled Grand to build entire systems in her imagination,which works similarly to a computer program because it can produce three-dimensional design simulations.This was important to her as an equipment designer for the livestock industry. Before she started construction on her designs,she would test-run the equipment in her mind.She formed mental pictures of her designs in every possible situation,with different sizes and breeds of cattle and in different weather conditions.This process made it possible for her to correct mistakes before construction started.
Grand's mind is also sensitive to details,which was important in her work with cattle.Her sharp awareness of the visual world led to noteworthy observations about animals.She noticed many little things that most people would not consider that scared the cattle.For example,a coat on a fence or a pipe on the floor would frighten them away.Grand's visualization abilities have also helped her understand the animals she has worked with.This led her to create designs ranging from sweeping,curved fences intended to reduce the stress experienced by animals that were going to be killed to systems for handling sick cattle and pigs.
第Ⅱ卷（共40分）
V.Translation
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.
72.无论如何要重视词汇在语境中的含义。(means)
73.通过数据的收集和分析，该平台能为奥运选手们量身定制训练计划，满足他们个性化的需求。(tailor)
74.中国在科学领域里取得的巨大成就应归功于那些全新投入研究，淡薄名利的无名英雄们。(owe)
75.让新任馆长欣慰的是，得益于针对性的举措，原本积灰的展品焕然一新，博物馆也恢复了往日的风采。(restore)
VI.Guided Writing
Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
76.《二十一世纪英语报(2lst Century)》组织了一个题为“报考本市大学还是外地大学？”的讨论，下表是你班同学的一些观点。请根据下面的提示写一篇报道你班讨论情况的短文。
赞成报考外地大学的理由 赞成报考本地大学的理由
1.锻炼独立生活的能力 1.离父母近，可互相照顾
2.交友机会更多 2.环境好，利于学习
3.可以为将来的工作获取更多经验 3.节约开支
上海行知中学2021-2022学年高三下英语开学考答案
I.Grammar&Vocabulary:
Section A:
21.include 22.after 23.has emerged 24.Others 25.whose 26.consisting
27.for 28.drawn 29.as/although/though/while 30.where
Section B: 31-40 CKAEF DBIGH
III.Reading
Section A:41-55 DDCCA BBADB DACBC
Section B:56-59:CBCB 60-62:BAC 63-66:DAC
Section C:67-70:FBED
IV.Summary writing
Ann Grand is a visual thinker, whose mind works like the Internet search engine. Therefore she can build entire systems in her imagination through producing three-dimensional design simulations.Grand's mind is so sensitive to details that she could notice many little things that most people would not consider that scared the cattle.This led her to create kinds of designs.(60 words)
V.Translation
72.无论如何要重视词汇在语境中的含义。(means)
We should value the meaning of words in contexts by all means.
73.通过数据的收集和分析，该平台能为奥运选手们量身定制训练计划，满足他们个性化的需求。(tailor)
Through data collection and analysis/By collecting and analyzing data,the platform can tailor training plans for Olympic(adj.)athletes to their individual needs.
74.中国在科学领域里取得的巨大成就就应归功于那些全新投入研究，淡薄名利的无名英雄们。(owe)
China owes its great achievements it achieves in the field of science to unsung heroes who devote themselves to research without caring about fame and wealth.
75.让新任馆长欣慰的是，得益于针对性的举措，原本积灰的展品焕然一新，博物馆也恢复了往日的风采。(restore)
To the relief of the newly-appointed curator,benefiting from the targeted initiatives,the exhibits which were covered with dust are now taking a new look and museum also restore to what it used to be./previous glory.
VI.Guided writing
高分范文1
21st Century organized a discussion on whether to enter a university in our own city or in other cities.And our class had a heated discussion on the topic.
Some students are for the opinion that we should enter a university in other cities.They hold that studying in other cities can improve our ability to live on our own.Since more and more children now are depending on their parents for a living,our generation needs to be more independent.As students in those universities come from different provinces of our country, we can have more chances to make friends with students from different places and can be exposed to different cultures.By living in another city,we can get more experience for our further work.
However,other students argue that we should enter a university in our own city. In their opinion, if we live closer to our parents,we can take care of each other easily.Besides,the environment in those local universities is pretty good for students to study in.In addition,students may also save some money on their daily expenses.
In spite of the fact that students hold different opinions towards this matter,we can draw some conclusions from the discussion. Both universities in our own city and in another city have their advantages.The most important thing is that we should make full use of their benefits and learning resources no matter where we are.
高分范文2
Recently the 21st Century English Newspaper has organized a discussion on the topic“ Local universities or universities in other provinces,which one will you choose "As students in Senior Three,our class carried out a fierce discussion on the topic.
The students in our class were divided into two major groups in the course of the discussion.One group approved of entering a local university while the other one stood on the opposite side.Both sides had their reasons.
Students supporting entering universities in other provinces were of the opinion that living alone could cultivate their ability to live independently,while students appreciating local universities said that they had already reached an age when they should begin to take care of their parents in return.Living in the same city,they and their parents could look after each other.Another reason the local-university-loving students gave was that both the living and studying conditions near their homes were much better than those in other provinces,which would benefit their study.In spite of this,the other group valued the chances to make friends more than living and studying conditions.Last but not least, students preferred local universities believed that living in their own city was bound to save a huge amount of living expenses which might be much higher if one lives in other provinces.But the other group thought that the money spent would be worth it since more working experience could be accumulated.
As far as I am concerned,I don't really mind where the university locates. I think what does account is whether you indeed love the campus or not.

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