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2022届中考英语阅读话题分类练：垃圾分类
一、阅读单选
A new rubbish sorting system(垃圾分类系统) has been put into use in Fangchengyuan Community in Beijing. Local people not only sort their rubbish, but also put QR codes(二维码) on it.
“When the rubbish is collected and the codes are seen, I will get reward points to exchange for small gifts and even some money,” one of the local people told reporters. “It’s really creative and encouraging.”
This smart system has been carried out in 350 communities in Beijing. The capital of China has joined a list of cities in the country that take action to encourage rubbish sorting. For example, Shenzhen and Shanghai have made laws to punish people and organizations for not sorting rubbish correctly.
China produces quite a lot of rubbish every year. Much of the rubbish is buried(填埋) in soil or burned without being sorted. Landfills(填埋场) take up a lot of land and have a risk of polluting the soil and water nearby. And burning rubbish can produce harmful gases. Through rubbish sorting, we can reduce the use of landfills and air pollution.
What’s more, rubbish sorting saves resources, which could bring economic benefits(经济利益). For example, a ton of waste paper can be reused to make about 850kg of paper, saving 17 trees and 50 percent of water. Because of their benefits, some countries have developed successful sorting systems.
Japan has a strict and detailed system. When people throw away a water bottle, the cap, the wrapper(包装纸) and the bottle itself have to go into three different bins. Every year, families receive special rubbish sorting timetables and directions from their local governments. They are advised to follow the timetables and directions when they throw away rubbish.
In Australia, every family is provided with three rubbish bins—the red lid(盖子) bin for “general waste” like food and plastic bags, the yellow lid bin for “recycling” like steel and glass, and the green lid bin for “green waste” such as grass and leaves. On the streets, the bins are printed with pictures of the things that are allowed inside. It makes recycling quite easy.
1．Local people in Fangchengyuan Community will get ________ if they use the new system.
A．a new computer B．a rubbish car C．a lot of money D．some small gifts
2．Which of the following is NOT the consequence(后果) of burying rubbish
A．Polluting soil. B．Protecting environment.
C．Polluting water. D．Taking up a lot of land.
3．Paragraph 5 mainly tells us ________.
A．how to save resources B．the benefits of rubbish sorting
C．how to reuse paper D．the development of sorting systems
4．From Paragraph 6 and Paragraph 7, we know that ________ in Japan and Australia.
A．every family has different sorting timetables and directions
B．most of the people are not willing to obey the rules at all
C．the governments take action to advise people to sort rubbish
D．the bins on the streets and at home are printed the same pictures
5．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE
A．Beijing has created a new rubbish sorting system with QR codes.
B．Rubbish burying in landfills is as popular as rubbish sorting in bins.
C．Shenzhen and Shanghai only made laws to encourage rubbish sorting.
D．The strict and detailed system makes recycling quite hard in Australia.
Garbage sorting began on July 1, 2019. However, I , with the other 238 families who live in my building, have been living with a similar system for years. Here, I’d like to talk about our experiences.
In October 2016, the government chose our neighborhood to be part of a pilot（试点的）program for garbage sorting. To help the program run smoothly, we set up a volunteer team. I am one of the volunteers. Several of us, however, doubted whether we could lead people in the building to change their habits.
We began with the usual methods. We posted notices around the neighborhood. We also went door to door, spreading the word.
However, they made plenty of mistakes. For example, many didn’t know wet garbage meant food waste. Instead, they thought it meant that was wet. Some even refused to sort their garbage.
As a result, we volunteers had to do lots of sorting ourselves. At the same time we went around explaining the rules. We kept talking to those who refused to sort their garbage. We let them know we had sorted their garbage for them. It was a matter of time and patience. We believed they would finally change their mind.
Six months later we were successful in changing people’s mind. People in my building had begun sorting in their garbage. Some even joined us to sort garbage that was sorted improperly.
I think face-to-face talks played an important role. Sometimes, these talks led us to conflict（冲突）, but they were much more effective（有效的）than notices and flyers（小传单）. It was interesting to see what happened. I hope everyone knows garbage sorting is good for them.
6．When did the writer’s neighborhood start its garbage-sorting program
A．In October, 2016. B．In April, 2017. C．After six months. D．On July 1, 2019.
7．How long did it take the people in the writer’s building to change their garbage-sorting habits
A．For 238 days. B．For about 6 months. C．For about 7 months. D．For 2016 days.
8．What does the writer hope for when speaking of the garbage sorting plan of Shanghai
A．More volunteers will join the writer’s volunteer team.
B．People know wet garbage means food waste.
C．Face-to face talk can play an important role in garbage-sorting plan.
D．Everyone can change garbage sorting habits.
As we all know, environmental pollution is still serious nowadays. Our group wanted to know how many students knew about each kind of the pollution and we wanted to learn how often they sorted (分类) rubbish. So we did a survey among the students in our school. Here are the results of our questionnaire (问卷).
The results of the questionnaire
Do you know about these problems How often do you sort rubbish
9．What is the survey mainly about A．Scientific research. B．Environmental protection.
C．Everyday habits. D．Physical education.
10．Which is known by the fewest students
A．Air pollution. B．Water pollution.
C．Noise pollution. D．Global warming.
11．How many students have begun to sort rubbish according to the survey
A．All of the students. B．Most of the students.
C．Some of the students. D．None of the students.
12．What can we learn from the results of the questionnaire
A．Air pollution is noticed by a large number of students.
B．The students don’t realize the situation of the environment at all.
C．Five kinds of environmental pollution are mentioned in the questionnaire.
D．Most students take enough action to sort rubbish.
People can reduce, reuse, or recycle waste instead of throwing it away. Matt and Sam decided to do an experiment. They wanted to see exactly how much waste the three R’s could save.
First, they collected the rubbish from six classrooms at their school. They divided the rubbish into three groups:
Things that were reusable, such as a pencil or a marker that had been thrown away
Things that could be recycled, such as cans, glass, or paper
Things that were truly waste
Then, Matt and Sam weighed each of the three groups. They learned that 84%of the total rubbish thrown away that day could be recycled or reused. They decided to do something about it.
Matt and Sam presented the idea of starting a recycling programme to the school leaders. Then they worked with the Student Council. They prepared brochures (手册) to send home to tell the students and their families about recycling. They stated in the brochure that recycling helps to keep our planet healthy. The school bought colored containers (容器) for each classroom. Each room received a blue container for paper and a green container for glass and cans. They also received a red container for real rubbish.
Within a short time, each classroom in the school was sorting recyclable materials from rubbish before it was thrown. Matt and Sam decided to weigh the rubbish one more time. They wanted to check the school’s progress. They collected the rubbish from the red containers from the same six classrooms as before. They sorted the rubbish into three groups again and weighed each group. This time, they were pleased to find that the red containers were filled with 90% waste that should be thrown away. Only 10% of recyclable materials had been thrown into the red containers. Matt and Sam were pleased with their school’s effort at reducing waste on our planet.
13．By doing an experiment, Mat and Sam wanted to find out ________.
A．what things could be reuse
B．what recyclable materials could be saved
C．how much waste the three R’s could save
D．how much waste their school produced a day
14．What did Matt and Sam do in the recycling programme ________
A．They made a speech on recycling.
B．They wrote a report to the school leaders.
C．They bought colored containers for each classroom.
D．They helped students and their families knew about recycling.
15．Which word can best describe Matt and Sam ________
A．Responsible. B．Friendly. C．Independent. D．Confident.
When your pen is broken, the battery in your toy runs out, or you have some leftover food, what do you do with these things You will probably throw them all into one bin. But actually, all kinds of rubbish need to be sorted（分类）separately.
Rubbish sorting is a big issue worldwide. In recent years, some Chinese cities have been working hard on it. Shanghai has worked with Alipay to create a “green account（账户）” service for its residents. They get points by sorting their rubbish correctly.
Through the Alipay app, they can exchange the points for milk, phone cards and other products. The city is asking all of its residents to sort their rubbish into four groups: wet, recyclable, harmful and dry. Wet waste is also known as household waste. Paper, metal and glass are recyclable waste. Medicine and batteries are harmful waste. Finally, any waste that’s not wet, recyclable or harmful will go in the “dry waste” bin. Many other Chinese cities are also doing this. Shenzhen has been sorting its rubbish into the same four groups since 2020.
Students there must study waste-sorting guidebooks. If you don’t sort your rubbish, it will go to a landfill and be buried together. These landfills can take up large areas of ground. Some rubbish can pollute the soil and groundwater and it can also do harm to the environment around us. China is improving its waste-sorting efforts. There is still a long way to go.
16．How should we deal with all kinds of rubbish
A．We can throw them all into one bin. B．We can sort them separately.
C．We can throw them away freely. D．We can reuse them all.
17．How is Shanghai encouraging people to sort their rubbish
A．By creating a “green account’” service with the help of Alipay.
B．By paying people to sort their rubbish correctly.
C．By allowing people to exchange rubbish with each other.
D．By providing its residents with guidebooks to help them.
18．Which of the following things belong to harmful waste
A．Leftover food and batteries. B．Metal and medicine.
C．Batteries and medicine. D．Paper and glass.
19．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．Where we can bury our waste.
B．Why we should sort our rubbish properly.
C．What kinds of waste can pollute the environment.
D．How some kinds of waste can be reused and recycled.
20．What do we know about rubbish sorting in China
A．Shenzhen has been sorting its rubbish for 10 years.
B．All the students have to take waste-sorting classes at school.
C．Burying is the only way of dealing with rubbish.
D．As for rubbish sorting, we Chinese still have much work to do.
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参考答案：
1．D
2．B
3．B
4．C
5．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文介绍了中国一些城市使用垃圾分类系统的情况，以前使用垃圾填埋污染附近的水和土壤，焚烧垃圾污染空气，现在垃圾分类减少了污染，还产生经济效益，也介绍了日本和澳大利亚垃圾分类的情况。
1．
细节理解题。根据“When the rubbish is collected and the codes are seen, I will get reward points to exchange for small gifts and even some money”可知，当垃圾被收集起来，看到码时，就会得到积分来换取小礼物，甚至是一些钱。故选D。
2．
细节理解题。根据“Landfills(填埋场) take up a lot of land and have a risk of polluting the soil and water nearby.”可知，垃圾填埋场占用大量土地，并有污染附近土壤和水的风险，不能保护环境。故选B。
3．
段落大意题。分析第五段内容可知，本段主要介绍垃圾分类的好处，故选B。
4．
推理判断题。根据“Every year, families receive special rubbish sorting timetables and directions from their local governments.”和“In Australia, every family is provided with three rubbish bins”可知，从六、七两段我们可以知道政府采取行动建议人们对垃圾进行分类，故选C。
5．
推理判断题。根据“A new rubbish sorting system(垃圾分类系统) has been put into use in Fangchengyuan Community in Beijing. Local people not only sort their rubbish, but also put QR codes(二维码) on it.”可知，北京发明了一种带有二维码的垃圾分类系统，故选A。
6．A
7．B
8．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了作者在社区里做垃圾分类的志愿者的经历以及感悟。
6．
细节理解题。根据“In October 2016, the government chose our neighborhood to be part of a pilot（试点的）program for garbage sorting”可知，在2016年10月份开始垃圾分类试点，故选A。
7．
细节理解题。根据“Six months later we were successful in changing people’s mind.”可知，大约6个月改变了社区人们垃圾分类的习惯，故选B。
8．
推理判断题。根据“It was a matter of time and patience. We believed they would finally change their mind”以及“I hope everyone knows garbage sorting is good for them.”可知，作者希望人们最终能够改变他们的观点进行垃圾分类，让每个人都知道垃圾分类的益处，故选D。
9．B
10．C
11．C
12．A
【解析】
【分析】
本篇主要内容是统计表格。表格是关于学生对环境污染的了解以及学生们分类垃圾的频率的调查问卷结果。
9．
主旨大意题。根据“Our group wanted to know how many students knew about each kind of the pollution and we wanted to learn how often they sorted (分类) rubbish.”可知，这个调查报告主要是关于环境保护的。故选B。
10．
细节理解题。根据柱状图显示，关于noise pollution学生们了解的最少。故选C。
11．
细节理解题。根据饼状图显示，25%的学生已经开始分类垃圾，也就是一些学生已经开始这么做了。故选C。
12．
细节理解题。根据柱状图显示，90%的学生已经注意到空气污染问题，因此A选项正确。故选A。
13．C
14．D
15．A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是说明文，关注的是废物利用问题。短文通过马特和萨姆做的垃圾分类实验，最终得出结论：每天至少84%的垃圾可以回收或再利用，回收有助于环保。
13．
细节理解题。根据“Matt and Sam decided to do an experiment. They wanted to see exactly how much waste the three R’s could save”可知，他们做这个实验是为了搞清楚在废物中有多少可以减少、回收、再利用的，故选C。
14．
细节理解题。根据“They prepared brochures to send home to tell the students and their families about recycling”可知，他们帮助学生及其家人了解回收利用的相关知识；“They helped students and their families knew about recycling”符合题意，故选D。
15．
推理判断题。根据短文内容，马特和萨姆做实验是为了回收，有助于环保，可以看出他们是有责任心的人，Responsible“负责的”符合题意，故选A。
16．B
17．A
18．C
19．B
20．D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述上海垃圾分类的一些措施及4种垃圾分类。最后还讲述如果不进行垃圾分类的危害。
16．
细节理解题。根据“But actually, all kinds of rubbish need to be sorted（分类）separately.”可知，我们应该分开分类处理各种垃圾。故选B。
17．
细节理解题。根据“Shanghai has worked with Alipay to create a ‘green account（账户）’ service for its residents. They get points by sorting their rubbish correctly.”可知，上海与支付宝合作创建“绿色账户”服务，鼓励人们对垃圾进行分类。故选A。
18．
细节理解题。根据“Paper, metal and glass are recyclable waste. Medicine and batteries are harmful waste.”可知，药品和电池是有害废物。故选C。
19．
主旨大意题。根据“If you don’t sort your rubbish, it will go to a landfill and be buried together...”可知，我们正在努力加快进行垃圾分类的原因。故选B。
20．
推理判断题。根据“China is improving its waste-sorting efforts. There is still a long way to go.”可知，中国正在努力进行垃圾分类工作，且这还有很长的路要走。故选D。
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