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专题13 读后续写：高级句型训练（解析版）
读后续写十大高级表达：复合句类（三大从句）（定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句），简单句类（非谓语、介词短语、名词化表达、感叹句），特殊句式（倒装句、强调句），虚拟语气（虚拟句）。
（1）非限制性定语从句
结构1：
格式：_______主句________, which made/forced/allowed sb to do;
_______主句________, which made/forced/allowed sb 感情词
特点：以整个主句为先行词
功能1：表达主句导致的原因或结果
功能2：表达主句带来的情感影响
建议使用位置：续写第一段或第二段的开头
例句：就在这时，我们听到了UnclePaul远处传来的微弱声音，这重新点燃了我们回家的希望。
Just at the moment, we heard the faint voice in the distance from UnclePaul, which allowed us to light the hope returning home.
练习：简不得不独自待在森林里度过另一个夜晚，这让她既害怕又后悔。（2016浙江）
Jane had to stay alone in the forest for another cold night, which madeher frightened and regretted.
结构2：
格式：________主句__________，which______________
特点：以主句的名词或短语为先行词
功能：对先行词进行描述或补充
建议使用位置：续写第一段或第二段的开头
例句：兔子的意外出现使马受惊了，恐慌中，它发出了一声嘶鸣。（2018浙江）
This unexpected appearance frightened my horse, which howled out loudin panic.
（2）名词性从句
主语从句
结构1：It is +adj for sb that…
结构2：
what I could do/say/… is to
what (counts/matters/impress me)most isthat …..=it is important that…
功能：用于突出某个动作的重要或必须
应用位置：不限
例句1：我们能做的就是慢慢沿着原路回去。（2018浙江）
What we could do was to go back along the previous track.
例句2：我所看到的与我过去所经历的任何事情完全不同。（2017全国一完型）
What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in thepast.
（3）状语从句
结构1：表原因：since/as/for,
结构2：表结果：so that, in order that
结构3：表时间：just as…/ when/ while/ the moment
功能：表示基本的逻辑关系
例句1：当我们正要绝望的时候，我们听到了远处有微弱的声音。
Just as we were at the point of desperation, we heard a faint voicefrom the distance.
例句2：当马看到突然出现的兔子，显然受到了惊吓，便开始狂奔。
It was obvious that the horse was shocked the moment it saw the rabbitand then ran wildly.
例句3：沿着原路走，那样你们就不会迷路！
Keep to the track so that you don‘t get lost!
简单句类
（1）非谓语动词
写法一：合并
应用结构：简单句+简单句
应用前提：两句话共享一个主语
功能：整合信息，简化表达
例句1：我尽最大努力控制马。我努力保持平衡防止自己掉下来。（2018浙江）
I tried my best to control the horse. I tried to keep the balance fromfalling off it.
非谓语：Trying my best tocontrol the horse, I managed to keep the balance from falling off it.
Try my best=make every effort=spare no effort
例句2：之后，我感觉需要进一步探索，我决定去拜访下ASL俱乐部的其中一场聚会。
After that, I felt the need to explore further. I decided to drop in onone of ASL club`s meetings.
非谓语：After that, feelingthe need to explore further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL club`smeetings.
写法二：归化（时间状从、原因状从和结果状从的转化）
应用结构：时间状从----分词做伴随状语
原因状从----分词做原因状语
结果状语----分词做结果状语
目的状从----分词做目的状语
应用前提：表达相应的逻辑关系
功能：整合信息，简化表达（复合句变简单句）
d） 常用词：表原因due to/ owing to the +n.（importance、reason、purpose）of/that
表结果：leading to/ contributing to
表目的：expecting to/ hoping to/ aiming to
表伴随
例句1：当我们正要绝望的时候，我们听到了远处有微弱的声音。
Just as we were at the point of desperation, we heard a faint voicefrom the distance.
Being at the point of desperation, we heard a faint voice from thedistance.
例句2：
当我和爸爸在一起的时候，时间似乎越来越短了。（2018浙江）
Time appeared to be shorter when I stayed togetherwith Dad
Staying together with Dad, time appeared to be shorter.
练习：
无视她的话，男人快步走了。
Ignoring her words, the man walked away quickly.
她感到累极了，坐在溪边，让疼痛的双脚放松一下。
She felt exhausted and sat by the stream, relaxing/resting her achingfeet .
她冷得无法忍受，精疲力竭，完全不知道该如何应对这种可怕的情况。
Feeling unbearably cold and exhausted, she had no idea how to cope withthe terrible situation.
沉浸在强烈的恐惧感中，她一句话说不出来。
Immersed in a strong sense of fear, she could not say a word.
好奇心切，她从河岸边跑开，穿过田野，去追兔子。
Burning with curiosity, she ran away from the bank of the river, andacross the field to chase the rabbit.
表先后
走了很久，她发现自己迷路了。
Having walked for quite a long time, she found herself lost.
失败了三次，她不想再试一次。
Having failed three times, she didn’t want to try again.
在街上漫无目的地逛了几小时之后，她感到有点饿，想吃东西。
Having wandered aimlessly in the street for hours, she felt a littlehungry and wanted something to eat.
说出真相后，她心里轻松了很多，心情愉快地回家了。
Having told the truth, she felt easier in her mind and went home.
表原因
看到我做了什么，妈妈皱了皱眉头，好像是要我赶快站起来。
Seeing what I did, my mother frowned as if to ask me to stand upquickly.
被老师骂了一顿，她哭了起来。
Scolded by the teacher , she burst into tears.
表结果
他父亲死了，留给他很多钱。
His father died, leaving him a lot of money.
他周围的一切都充满了她的存在，不断地重新揭开伤疤。
Everything around him was full of her presence, continually reopeningthe wound.
形容词作状语
表原因
沮丧和无助，她哭了起来。
Depressed and helpless, she burst into tears.
她好奇地想知道里面发生了什么，推开门溜进了屋子。
Curious to know what was happening inside, she pushed the door open andslipped into the house.
表结果
她终于到了山顶，饿了但很兴奋。
She finally made it to the top of the mountain, hungry but excited.
她被老师的微笑所鼓舞，并且对她的计划充满信心。
She was encouraged by the teacher’s smile, full of confidence in herplan.
表伴随
我们既困惑又疲劳，近乎绝望地继续寻找回家的路。
Puzzled and exhausted, we keep searching the way home at the point ofdesperation
迷失在森林里，她躺在一棵树下，充满了恐惧和绝望。
Lost in the forest, she lay under a tree, full of fear and despair.
一个年轻人来到警察局，周围是一群记者。
A young man came to the police station, surrounded by a group ofjournalists.
介词短语
表原因：because of /onaccount of/ in the light of/due to
表结果：so as to/ inorder to / for the privilege of
表目的：in hope of/ forthe purpose of
表情感：to one’sgreat 情感n.
因为天已经黑了，我们不得不顺着原路返回。
We had to go back the previous road due to the reason of darkness
We had to go back the previous road due to the reason that the darknesshad fallen.
状语从句到分词短语和介词短语的转化
例句1：我尽最大努力控制马，我努力保持平衡防止自己掉下来。（2018浙江）
I tried my best to control the horse. I tried to keep the balance fromfalling off.
分词短语：Trying my best tocontrol the horse, I tried to keep the balance from falling off.
介词短语：I tried my best tocontrol the horse in case of falling off it.
In the great attempt of control the horse, Itried to keep the balance from falling off.
例句2：看到我克服了困难，他松了一口气。
分词短语：Seeing I got over thedifficulty, he was relieved.
介词短语：He was relieved atthe sight of my overcoming the difficulty.
with 的复合结构
b1) 表达情感：with+情感名词
我们高兴地呼喊Uncle Paul
we cried to Uncle Paul with excitement.
b2) 结构1：with… ， 主句
功能：在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常做时间、伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语
例句: 正是保罗叔叔及时赶到，才使我们脱离了危险。
With Uncle Paul’s arrival on time, we were saved out of danger.
她睡着了，灯开着。
She fell asleep with the light burning
买了这么多东西，他们就去教堂了。
With all the things bought, they headed for the church.
她微笑着长发，在微风中飘动。
She smiled, with her long hair flowing in the breeze.
天亮时她醒了，觉得头晕。
It’s daybreak when she woke up , with her head spinning.
名词化表达
例句1：看太多电视影响学习。
Watching too much TV will affect your studies.
Heavy exposure to TV will interfere with one’s studies.
例句2：看到我克服了困难，他松了一口气。
My overcoming the difficulty made him relieved
感叹句
表达1：what +adj. +n. / how + adj +the + n.
使用前提：描述一个客观场景（what abeautiful view!）或者结尾总结（what anamazing experience!）
表达2：How I wish I didn’t…
使用前提：表达后悔、遗憾的心情
例句：我多么希望那只兔子没出现。
How I wish that rabbit didn’t show up!
3. 特殊句式
（1）倒装
部分倒装
结构1：否定词+助动词、系动词、情态动词+主语…/
Never（by no means） can we finish the job if he doesn’t help me.
例句：如果没有Uncle Paul的及时赶到，我们可能永远无法找到回家的路了。
By no means could we find our way home without Uncle Paul’s arrival intime.
结构2：only+状语（从句）+助动词…/
例句1: 只有这样，我们才能完成工作。
Only in this way can we finish the job
例句2：
根据报告中的统计数据，只有在晚餐时间，我们才能在一起吃饭，占到74%。
Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent,according to statistics from the report.
结构3：not only…but also…
Not only can we finish the job on time, butalso we will do it best.
功能：强调提前的部分
结构4：as引导的让步状语从句
结构：adj+as+主谓，主句
应用条件：表示让步转折
例句：尽管我很害怕，我还是控制住平衡以防自己从马上掉下来。
Frightened as I was, I tried to keep my balance to prevent myself fromfalling off.
结构5：so+adj be sb that +句子
考试时，我紧张得头脑一片空白。
During the exam, so nervous was I that my mind went blank.
他兴奋得睡不着觉。
So excited was he that he couldn’t go to sleep.
他非常绝望借酒浇愁。
So desperate was he that he drowned his sadness into wine.
全部倒装
现在轮到你做一个简短的演讲了。
Now comes your turn to make a short speech.
山顶上坐着一个巨人。
On the top of the mountain sat a giant man.
在前门站着她的丈夫汤姆当她无处可寻时他非常焦虑。
At the front door stood her husband ,Tom, who suffered great anxietywhen she was nowhere to found.
（2）强调
结构：it is…that…
功能：强调it is…that之间的部分
使用位置：想强调的地方，比如段尾
例句：正是保罗叔叔及时赶到，才使我们脱离了危险。
It was Uncle Paul’s arrival in time that saved us from danger.
虚拟语气
结构：but for/without…,I would….；if引导的虚拟条件句
功能：描写后悔、遗憾等不可能达成的心理活动
例句：如果那只兔子没出现，我们也不会迷路了。（2018浙江）
If the rabbit hadn’t shown, we would not have lost our way.
But for the rabbit, we would not have lost our way.
要不是跟我丈夫吵了一架跑了出来，我也不会在野外迷路了。
If I hadn’t had a fight with my husband, I would not have lost my way.
没有你的帮助，我就不会成功。
Without your help, I wouldn’t have succeeded.
再给我一次机会，我就不会让我的父母失望了。
Given one more chance, I wouldn’t let my parents down.
再给我一次机会，我会做得更好。
Given one more chance, I would make it better.
再给我一次机会，我会毫不犹豫地和他分享我的食物。
Given one more chance, I would share with him my food without anyhesitation.
要不是和汤姆吵架。我就不会被困在这个可怕的地方，面对死亡的危险。
Hadn’t quarreled with Tom, I wouldn’t be trapped in this awful place,confronted with the danger of death.
技巧一：用高分句型激活人物“感官”。
1. At the sight/thought of…, sb… 一看到/想到……, 某人……
(1) At the thought of spending another night in the wild by herself, she felt herself thrown into
a world of hopelessness. 一想到又要独自一人在野外度过一个晚上，她感觉自己陷入了完全的绝望当中。
(2) At the sight of the fierce wolf, one of them froze with terror/fright, too frightened to move. 一看到那凶恶的狼，他们中的一个被吓得呆住了，动弹不得。
2. To one's+情感名词, sb… 令某人……的是，他/她……
(1) To her surprise, she saw nothing but forest and, far beyond, a snowcapped mountain top. (2016年10月浙江卷) 令她惊讶的是, 她只看到了一片森林，还有远处积雪覆盖的山顶。
(2) To her great joy, she also saw some berry bushes. (2016年10月浙江卷) 令她极其高兴的是，她还见到了一片浆果林。
3. With sth+doing/介词短语，sb… (伴随着)……, 某人……
(1) With tears welling up in his eyes, the little boy slowly fell asleep. 小男孩慢慢睡着了，眼睛里噙满了泪水。
(2) With joy on their faces, the children were running after each other. 孩子们在互相追逐，脸上洋溢着喜悦。
4. Seeing/ Hearing/ Thinking/ Feeling/ Knowing/ Realizing…, sb… 看到/听到/想到/感到/得知……, 某人……
(1) Seeing the helicopter overhead, she began to wave her yellow blouse violently, thinking that she would successfully catch the attention of the people on the plane. 一看到头顶的直升飞机，她就开始用力挥舞手中的黄色衬衫，想着要成功吸引机上人员的注意力。
(2) Thinking that she had to spend another night in the wild by herself, she felt herself thrown into a world of hopelessness. 一想到又要独自一人在野外度过一个晚上，她感觉自己陷入了完全的绝望当中。
(3) Realizing that her children had understood the way and the true meaning of helping others, Mrs Meredith felt quite satisfied and proud. 意识到孩子们懂得了帮助人的方法与助人的真正意义，Mrs Meredith很是满足与自豪。
5. 情感类形容词, sb… 感到……,某人……
(1) Scared and shocked, Betty hid herself behind the big tree, holding her breath. Betty
既害怕又震惊, 躲在大树后边, 大气都不敢出。
(2) Ashamed and self-blamed/condemned, I pushed the door open, ready to sincerely apologize to my mother. 我感到羞愧又自责，推开门准备真诚地向母亲道歉。
模拟训练01
读后续写 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
There was once a wonderful old man who loved everything: animals，spiders，insects and all sorts of living things.
One day while walking through the woods，the old man found a cocoon(茧). He decided to take the cocoon home to watch its beautiful transformation from a little cocoon to a beautiful butterfly.
A few days later，the cocoon started to move. It moved frantically! He sat and watched it struggle and struggle for several hours. But it seemed not to make any progress. Then the old man felt sorry for the little butterfly inside，and rushed to its aid. With a pair of scissors and gently， he cut a little opening in the cocoon so the butterfly could come out. And then the butterfly came out of its cocoon. It had a swollen body and small，fragile wings，but it never was able to fly.
He was quite puzzled. Had he accidentally killed the little butterfly No, it was still moving a little bit. Maybe it was sick. Then he decided that the best thing he could do for the butterfly was to place it gently back into its cocoon. He did so，and placed a drop of honey on it to seal the cocoon，leaving the butterfly to nestle(处在) in its natural state.
The next day he noticed that the cocoon was moving again. It struggled and struggled. Finally the butterfly broke free from its cocoon and stretched its wings out. Its beautiful wings were filed with wonderful colors! It took off! It was flying!
The wonderful butterfly flew and flew till it was almost out of the old man’s sight. What a joy! He exclaimed! But then he started to think: what did I do wrong by trying to help that beautiful little butterfly out at first
Paragraph 1:
Finally the answer came.
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Paragraph 2:
Sometimes struggles are what we need in our life.
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翻译小练习：
1. 蝴蝶在茧里挣扎挣扎。
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2. 它们通过推挤和挣扎来强化翅膀。
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3. 这正是它们被设计来克服的，以便足够强大，能够飞行。
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4. 然而，在蚕茧上割下一个小小的开口，老人拒绝了蝴蝶需要强壮的机会。
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5. 自然，它不能飞了。
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6. 它们是我们人生旅程的一部分，每个人都必须经历。
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7. 我们通过克服斗争来发展我们的力量，以在不可避免的生活风暴中生存。
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8. 是奋斗使我们为未来的生活做好了充分的准备。
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9. 生活没有障碍，你永远学不会像蝴蝶一样飞翔。
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10. 记住，大自然不需要帮助，只是不需要干扰。
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参考答案：
1. 蝴蝶在茧里挣扎挣扎。
The butterfly has to struggle and struggle while inside the cocoon.
2. 它们通过推挤和挣扎来强化翅膀。
They strengthen their wings through the process of pushing and struggling.
3. 这正是它们被设计来克服的，以便足够强大，能够飞行。
That's just what they are designed to overcome in order to be strong enough to fly.
4. 然而，在蚕茧上割下一个小小的开口，老人拒绝了蝴蝶需要强壮的机会。
However, cutting the little opening on the cocoon, the old man had denied the opportunity the butterfly needed to be strong.
5. 自然，它不能飞了。
Naturally, it was unable to fly.
6. 它们是我们人生旅程的一部分，每个人都必须经历。
They are part of our life journey that everyone has to go through.
7. 我们通过克服斗争来发展我们的力量，以在不可避免的生活风暴中生存。
We develop our strength to survive the inevitable storms of life by overcoming struggles.
8. 是奋斗使我们为未来的生活做好了充分的准备。
It is struggles that make us well prepared for life in the future.
9. 生活没有障碍，你永远学不会像蝴蝶一样飞翔。
Living a life with no obstacles, you will never learn to fly like the butterfly.
10. 记住，大自然不需要帮助，只是不需要干扰。
Remember nature needs no help, just no interference.
参考范文：
Finally, the answer came out. The butterfly has to struggle and struggle while inside the cocoon. They strengthen their wings through the process of pushing and struggling. That's just what they are designed to overcome in order to be strong enough to fly. However, cutting the little opening on the cocoon, the old man had denied the opportunity the butterfly needed to be strong. Naturally, it was unable to fly.
Sometimes struggles are exactly what we need in our life. They are part of our life journey that everyone has to go through. We develop our strength to survive the inevitable storms of life by overcoming struggles. It is struggles that make us well prepared for life in the future. Living a life with no obstacles, you will never learn to fly like the butterfly. Remember nature needs no help, just no interference. 专题13 读后续写：高级句型训练（原卷版）
读后续写十大高级表达：复合句类（三大从句）（定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句），简单句类（非谓语、介词短语、名词化表达、感叹句），特殊句式（倒装句、强调句），虚拟语气（虚拟句）。
（1）非限制性定语从句
结构1：
格式：_______主句________, which made/forced/allowed sb to do;
_______主句________, which made/forced/allowed sb 感情词
特点：以整个主句为先行词
功能1：表达主句导致的原因或结果
功能2：表达主句带来的情感影响
建议使用位置：续写第一段或第二段的开头
例句：就在这时，我们听到了UnclePaul远处传来的微弱声音，这重新点燃了我们回家的希望。
Just at the moment, we heard the faint voice in the distance from UnclePaul, which allowed us to light the hope returning home.
练习：简不得不独自待在森林里度过另一个夜晚，这让她既害怕又后悔。（2016浙江）
Jane had to stay alone in the forest for another cold night, which madeher frightened and regretted.
结构2：
格式：________主句__________，which______________
特点：以主句的名词或短语为先行词
功能：对先行词进行描述或补充
建议使用位置：续写第一段或第二段的开头
例句：兔子的意外出现使马受惊了，恐慌中，它发出了一声嘶鸣。（2018浙江）
This unexpected appearance frightened my horse, which howled out loudin panic.
（2）名词性从句
主语从句
结构1：It is +adj for sb that…
结构2：
what I could do/say/… is to
what (counts/matters/impress me)most isthat …..=it is important that…
功能：用于突出某个动作的重要或必须
应用位置：不限
例句1：我们能做的就是慢慢沿着原路回去。（2018浙江）
What we could do was to go back along the previous track.
例句2：我所看到的与我过去所经历的任何事情完全不同。（2017全国一完型）
What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in thepast.
（3）状语从句
结构1：表原因：since/as/for,
结构2：表结果：so that, in order that
结构3：表时间：just as…/ when/ while/ the moment
功能：表示基本的逻辑关系
例句1：当我们正要绝望的时候，我们听到了远处有微弱的声音。
Just as we were at the point of desperation, we heard a faint voicefrom the distance.
例句2：当马看到突然出现的兔子，显然受到了惊吓，便开始狂奔。
It was obvious that the horse was shocked the moment it saw the rabbitand then ran wildly.
例句3：沿着原路走，那样你们就不会迷路！
Keep to the track so that you don‘t get lost!
简单句类
（1）非谓语动词
写法一：合并
应用结构：简单句+简单句
应用前提：两句话共享一个主语
功能：整合信息，简化表达
例句1：我尽最大努力控制马。我努力保持平衡防止自己掉下来。（2018浙江）
I tried my best to control the horse. I tried to keep the balance fromfalling off it.
非谓语：Trying my best tocontrol the horse, I managed to keep the balance from falling off it.
Try my best=make every effort=spare no effort
例句2：之后，我感觉需要进一步探索，我决定去拜访下ASL俱乐部的其中一场聚会。
After that, I felt the need to explore further. I decided to drop in onone of ASL club`s meetings.
非谓语：After that, feelingthe need to explore further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL club`smeetings.
写法二：归化（时间状从、原因状从和结果状从的转化）
应用结构：时间状从----分词做伴随状语
原因状从----分词做原因状语
结果状语----分词做结果状语
目的状从----分词做目的状语
应用前提：表达相应的逻辑关系
功能：整合信息，简化表达（复合句变简单句）
d） 常用词：表原因due to/ owing to the +n.（importance、reason、purpose）of/that
表结果：leading to/ contributing to
表目的：expecting to/ hoping to/ aiming to
表伴随
例句1：当我们正要绝望的时候，我们听到了远处有微弱的声音。
Just as we were at the point of desperation, we heard a faint voicefrom the distance.
Being at the point of desperation, we heard a faint voice from thedistance.
例句2：
当我和爸爸在一起的时候，时间似乎越来越短了。（2018浙江）
Time appeared to be shorter when I stayed togetherwith Dad
Staying together with Dad, time appeared to be shorter.
练习：
无视她的话，男人快步走了。
Ignoring her words, the man walked away quickly.
她感到累极了，坐在溪边，让疼痛的双脚放松一下。
She felt exhausted and sat by the stream, relaxing/resting her achingfeet .
她冷得无法忍受，精疲力竭，完全不知道该如何应对这种可怕的情况。
Feeling unbearably cold and exhausted, she had no idea how to cope withthe terrible situation.
沉浸在强烈的恐惧感中，她一句话说不出来。
Immersed in a strong sense of fear, she could not say a word.
好奇心切，她从河岸边跑开，穿过田野，去追兔子。
Burning with curiosity, she ran away from the bank of the river, andacross the field to chase the rabbit.
表先后
走了很久，她发现自己迷路了。
Having walked for quite a long time, she found herself lost.
失败了三次，她不想再试一次。
Having failed three times, she didn’t want to try again.
在街上漫无目的地逛了几小时之后，她感到有点饿，想吃东西。
Having wandered aimlessly in the street for hours, she felt a littlehungry and wanted something to eat.
说出真相后，她心里轻松了很多，心情愉快地回家了。
Having told the truth, she felt easier in her mind and went home.
表原因
看到我做了什么，妈妈皱了皱眉头，好像是要我赶快站起来。
Seeing what I did, my mother frowned as if to ask me to stand upquickly.
被老师骂了一顿，她哭了起来。
Scolded by the teacher , she burst into tears.
表结果
他父亲死了，留给他很多钱。
His father died, leaving him a lot of money.
他周围的一切都充满了她的存在，不断地重新揭开伤疤。
Everything around him was full of her presence, continually reopeningthe wound.
形容词作状语
表原因
沮丧和无助，她哭了起来。
Depressed and helpless, she burst into tears.
她好奇地想知道里面发生了什么，推开门溜进了屋子。
Curious to know what was happening inside, she pushed the door open andslipped into the house.
表结果
她终于到了山顶，饿了但很兴奋。
She finally made it to the top of the mountain, hungry but excited.
她被老师的微笑所鼓舞，并且对她的计划充满信心。
She was encouraged by the teacher’s smile, full of confidence in herplan.
表伴随
我们既困惑又疲劳，近乎绝望地继续寻找回家的路。
Puzzled and exhausted, we keep searching the way home at the point ofdesperation
迷失在森林里，她躺在一棵树下，充满了恐惧和绝望。
Lost in the forest, she lay under a tree, full of fear and despair.
一个年轻人来到警察局，周围是一群记者。
A young man came to the police station, surrounded by a group ofjournalists.
介词短语
表原因：because of /onaccount of/ in the light of/due to
表结果：so as to/ inorder to / for the privilege of
表目的：in hope of/ forthe purpose of
表情感：to one’sgreat 情感n.
因为天已经黑了，我们不得不顺着原路返回。
We had to go back the previous road due to the reason of darkness
We had to go back the previous road due to the reason that the darknesshad fallen.
状语从句到分词短语和介词短语的转化
例句1：我尽最大努力控制马，我努力保持平衡防止自己掉下来。（2018浙江）
I tried my best to control the horse. I tried to keep the balance fromfalling off.
分词短语：Trying my best tocontrol the horse, I tried to keep the balance from falling off.
介词短语：I tried my best tocontrol the horse in case of falling off it.
In the great attempt of control the horse, Itried to keep the balance from falling off.
例句2：看到我克服了困难，他松了一口气。
分词短语：Seeing I got over thedifficulty, he was relieved.
介词短语：He was relieved atthe sight of my overcoming the difficulty.
with 的复合结构
b1) 表达情感：with+情感名词
我们高兴地呼喊Uncle Paul
we cried to Uncle Paul with excitement.
b2) 结构1：with… ， 主句
功能：在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常做时间、伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语
例句: 正是保罗叔叔及时赶到，才使我们脱离了危险。
With Uncle Paul’s arrival on time, we were saved out of danger.
她睡着了，灯开着。
She fell asleep with the light burning
买了这么多东西，他们就去教堂了。
With all the things bought, they headed for the church.
她微笑着长发，在微风中飘动。
She smiled, with her long hair flowing in the breeze.
天亮时她醒了，觉得头晕。
It’s daybreak when she woke up , with her head spinning.
名词化表达
例句1：看太多电视影响学习。
Watching too much TV will affect your studies.
Heavy exposure to TV will interfere with one’s studies.
例句2：看到我克服了困难，他松了一口气。
My overcoming the difficulty made him relieved
感叹句
表达1：what +adj. +n. / how + adj +the + n.
使用前提：描述一个客观场景（what abeautiful view!）或者结尾总结（what anamazing experience!）
表达2：How I wish I didn’t…
使用前提：表达后悔、遗憾的心情
例句：我多么希望那只兔子没出现。
How I wish that rabbit didn’t show up!
3. 特殊句式
（1）倒装
部分倒装
结构1：否定词+助动词、系动词、情态动词+主语…/
Never（by no means） can we finish the job if he doesn’t help me.
例句：如果没有Uncle Paul的及时赶到，我们可能永远无法找到回家的路了。
By no means could we find our way home without Uncle Paul’s arrival intime.
结构2：only+状语（从句）+助动词…/
例句1: 只有这样，我们才能完成工作。
Only in this way can we finish the job
例句2：
根据报告中的统计数据，只有在晚餐时间，我们才能在一起吃饭，占到74%。
Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent,according to statistics from the report.
结构3：not only…but also…
Not only can we finish the job on time, butalso we will do it best.
功能：强调提前的部分
结构4：as引导的让步状语从句
结构：adj+as+主谓，主句
应用条件：表示让步转折
例句：尽管我很害怕，我还是控制住平衡以防自己从马上掉下来。
Frightened as I was, I tried to keep my balance to prevent myself fromfalling off.
结构5：so+adj be sb that +句子
考试时，我紧张得头脑一片空白。
During the exam, so nervous was I that my mind went blank.
他兴奋得睡不着觉。
So excited was he that he couldn’t go to sleep.
他非常绝望借酒浇愁。
So desperate was he that he drowned his sadness into wine.
全部倒装
现在轮到你做一个简短的演讲了。
Now comes your turn to make a short speech.
山顶上坐着一个巨人。
On the top of the mountain sat a giant man.
在前门站着她的丈夫汤姆当她无处可寻时他非常焦虑。
At the front door stood her husband ,Tom, who suffered great anxietywhen she was nowhere to found.
（2）强调
结构：it is…that…
功能：强调it is…that之间的部分
使用位置：想强调的地方，比如段尾
例句：正是保罗叔叔及时赶到，才使我们脱离了危险。
It was Uncle Paul’s arrival in time that saved us from danger.
虚拟语气
结构：but for/without…,I would….；if引导的虚拟条件句
功能：描写后悔、遗憾等不可能达成的心理活动
例句：如果那只兔子没出现，我们也不会迷路了。（2018浙江）
If the rabbit hadn’t shown, we would not have lost our way.
But for the rabbit, we would not have lost our way.
要不是跟我丈夫吵了一架跑了出来，我也不会在野外迷路了。
If I hadn’t had a fight with my husband, I would not have lost my way.
没有你的帮助，我就不会成功。
Without your help, I wouldn’t have succeeded.
再给我一次机会，我就不会让我的父母失望了。
Given one more chance, I wouldn’t let my parents down.
再给我一次机会，我会做得更好。
Given one more chance, I would make it better.
再给我一次机会，我会毫不犹豫地和他分享我的食物。
Given one more chance, I would share with him my food without anyhesitation.
要不是和汤姆吵架。我就不会被困在这个可怕的地方，面对死亡的危险。
Hadn’t quarreled with Tom, I wouldn’t be trapped in this awful place,confronted with the danger of death.
技巧一：用高分句型激活人物“感官”。
1. At the sight/thought of…, sb… 一看到/想到……, 某人……
(1) At the thought of spending another night in the wild by herself, she felt herself thrown into
a world of hopelessness. 一想到又要独自一人在野外度过一个晚上，她感觉自己陷入了完全的绝望当中。
(2) At the sight of the fierce wolf, one of them froze with terror/fright, too frightened to move. 一看到那凶恶的狼，他们中的一个被吓得呆住了，动弹不得。
2. To one's+情感名词, sb… 令某人……的是，他/她……
(1) To her surprise, she saw nothing but forest and, far beyond, a snowcapped mountain top. (2016年10月浙江卷) 令她惊讶的是, 她只看到了一片森林，还有远处积雪覆盖的山顶。
(2) To her great joy, she also saw some berry bushes. (2016年10月浙江卷) 令她极其高兴的是，她还见到了一片浆果林。
3. With sth+doing/介词短语，sb… (伴随着)……, 某人……
(1) With tears welling up in his eyes, the little boy slowly fell asleep. 小男孩慢慢睡着了，眼睛里噙满了泪水。
(2) With joy on their faces, the children were running after each other. 孩子们在互相追逐，脸上洋溢着喜悦。
4. Seeing/ Hearing/ Thinking/ Feeling/ Knowing/ Realizing…, sb… 看到/听到/想到/感到/得知……, 某人……
(1) Seeing the helicopter overhead, she began to wave her yellow blouse violently, thinking that she would successfully catch the attention of the people on the plane. 一看到头顶的直升飞机，她就开始用力挥舞手中的黄色衬衫，想着要成功吸引机上人员的注意力。
(2) Thinking that she had to spend another night in the wild by herself, she felt herself thrown into a world of hopelessness. 一想到又要独自一人在野外度过一个晚上，她感觉自己陷入了完全的绝望当中。
(3) Realizing that her children had understood the way and the true meaning of helping others, Mrs Meredith felt quite satisfied and proud. 意识到孩子们懂得了帮助人的方法与助人的真正意义，Mrs Meredith很是满足与自豪。
5. 情感类形容词, sb… 感到……,某人……
(1) Scared and shocked, Betty hid herself behind the big tree, holding her breath. Betty
既害怕又震惊, 躲在大树后边, 大气都不敢出。
(2) Ashamed and self-blamed/condemned, I pushed the door open, ready to sincerely apologize to my mother. 我感到羞愧又自责，推开门准备真诚地向母亲道歉。
模拟训练01
读后续写 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
There was once a wonderful old man who loved everything: animals，spiders，insects and all sorts of living things.
One day while walking through the woods，the old man found a cocoon(茧). He decided to take the cocoon home to watch its beautiful transformation from a little cocoon to a beautiful butterfly.
A few days later，the cocoon started to move. It moved frantically! He sat and watched it struggle and struggle for several hours. But it seemed not to make any progress. Then the old man felt sorry for the little butterfly inside，and rushed to its aid. With a pair of scissors and gently， he cut a little opening in the cocoon so the butterfly could come out. And then the butterfly came out of its cocoon. It had a swollen body and small，fragile wings，but it never was able to fly.
He was quite puzzled. Had he accidentally killed the little butterfly No, it was still moving a little bit. Maybe it was sick. Then he decided that the best thing he could do for the butterfly was to place it gently back into its cocoon. He did so，and placed a drop of honey on it to seal the cocoon，leaving the butterfly to nestle(处在) in its natural state.
The next day he noticed that the cocoon was moving again. It struggled and struggled. Finally the butterfly broke free from its cocoon and stretched its wings out. Its beautiful wings were filed with wonderful colors! It took off! It was flying!
The wonderful butterfly flew and flew till it was almost out of the old man’s sight. What a joy! He exclaimed! But then he started to think: what did I do wrong by trying to help that beautiful little butterfly out at first
Paragraph 1:
Finally the answer came.
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Paragraph 2:
Sometimes struggles are what we need in our life.
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翻译小练习：
1. 蝴蝶在茧里挣扎挣扎。
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2. 它们通过推挤和挣扎来强化翅膀。
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3. 这正是它们被设计来克服的，以便足够强大，能够飞行。
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4. 然而，在蚕茧上割下一个小小的开口，老人拒绝了蝴蝶需要强壮的机会。
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5. 自然，它不能飞了。
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6. 它们是我们人生旅程的一部分，每个人都必须经历。
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7. 我们通过克服斗争来发展我们的力量，以在不可避免的生活风暴中生存。
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8. 是奋斗使我们为未来的生活做好了充分的准备。
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9. 生活没有障碍，你永远学不会像蝴蝶一样飞翔。
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10. 记住，大自然不需要帮助，只是不需要干扰。
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