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UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
单元目标
主题学习目标 通过本单元学习了解探险家及其他杰出人物是如何克服逆境的, 加深学生对一些优秀品质的理解, 培养他们坚忍不拔的毅力和永不言败的决心。
语言能力目标 核心单词 wage, biter, enthusiastic, aboard, asign, envy, sink, abandon, navy, decent, genuine, resolve, cruel, thorough, furniture, fortunately, aplication, bark, rugby, bat, damp, recreation, guidance, advertise, corporate, motor, can-didate, episode, commitment, motive, Confucianism
重点词块 turnsb. down, makefire, giveof
单元语法 现在完成进行时
写作能力 根据本单元所学知识能够写一篇语言简洁、结构清晰的故事类人物介绍。
背景导学
Once upon a time, a daughter complained to her father that her life was unhappy and that she was tired of struggling all the time.
Her father, a chef, took her to the kitchen. He filled three pots with water and placed each on a fire. Once the three pots began to boil, he placed potatoes, eggs and coffee beans in them. After 20 minutes, he took them out, putting the potatoes and eggs in a bowl and the coffee in a cup.
Turning to his daughter, he said, “Look closer, and touch the potatoes.” She did and noted that they were soft. He then asked her to take an egg and break it. After stripping off the shell, she observed the hard-boiled egg. Finally, he asked her to taste the coffee. Its good smell brought a smile to her face.
“Father, what does this mean ” she asked. He then explained that the potatoes, the eggs and the coffee beans were in the same adversity-the boiling water. However, each one reacted differently.
The strong and hard potatoes became weak and soft in the boiling water. The eggs were fragile, with thin outer shell protecting their liquid until they were put in the boiling water. Then the inside of the eggs became hard. However, the coffee beans were unique. After they were exposed to the boiling water, they changed the water and created something new. “Which one do you want to be like ” he asked. “When adversity knocks on your door, how will you respond ”
In life, challenges happen to us all, but the only thing that truly matters is what happens within us.
1.Why did the girl complain to her father
A. Because of her hard life.
B. Because of her tiring work.
C. Because of her father’s busy work.
D. Because of the food her father cooked.
答案：A
2.What can we infer from this story
A. The girl liked the coffee best.
B. The father was good at cooking.
C. The girl didn’t like the potatoes and eggs.
D. Different people have different reactions to adversity.
答案：D
3.What would be the best title for the passage
A. Father and daughter
B. Adversity and a chef
C. A chef and coffee beans
D. Challenges and responses
答案： D
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
自主学习·激发潜能
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
教材原文 教材译文
A SUCCESSFUL FAILURE Perce Blackborow joined an expedition with Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship Endurance in 1914. Shackleton was one of the most famous explorers of his day and it was considered a great honour to be part of his expeditions. Below are some of Blackborow’s diary entries. 31 Oct,1914 …Well, it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition. An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton-this is the adventure that I have been dreaming of. And I was ready for it. At the age of 19, I am fit and full of vigour. However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified. But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard. Unfortunately, three days after we set off I was discovered. Shackleton did not want to turn back so he offered me a job, but only after he promised me, “If anyone has to be eaten, then you will be the first!” He assigned me to be a steward, and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men, three times a day. How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to! 21Nov, 1915 The journey has not been easy. Endurance became stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica. The ice froze around us and we were well and truly stuck! We saw the ship get crushed by the ice. And when the ship sank, our hearts sank with it. Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies-the small boats, our food, the cook stove, candles, clothes, and blankets. This was no time to panic. We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings, and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold. But to our surprise, he allowed Hussey to keep his banjo. Hussey often plays it to keep our spirits up. We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive, but spring is coming, and the ice will soon begin to melt. 20 May, 1916 We have been struggling for days, but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse. We are now crowded together under one of our boats on the rocky shore of this miserable place. Soon after we arrived, Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island, 1,320 kilometres away-the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats. If Shackleton fails, will we have any hope of rescue No. No navy in the world ever stops at Elephant Island, and no one else knows that we are here. I feel low. It’s cold and windy. The island has no plants. Sometimes we are able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat. Otherwise, there is no food. I try to think of happier things: decent food, warm and dry clothes, a cosy bedroom, sunny days, and my mother’s face… However, these happy memories are soon interrupted by a sudden cold rush of air. I shouted, “Shut the door!”“Hold on now, Perce. Don’t you go turning into another Tom,” came the reply. “We’ve caught another penguin, so it’s penguin soup tonight!” Bless Frank Wild, the kindest man there is after our leader, Ernest Shackleton. How could I become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees! Without Frank and Ernest, we’d all be dead by now. Their genuine concern for others, their perseverance, and their resolve fill me with hope. Perhaps there is a chance we will return home, after all. 一次成功的失败 珀西·布莱克博罗于1914年加入欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士的“坚忍”号南极探险之旅。沙克尔顿是他那个时代最著名的探险家之一, 参加他的探险活动被视为极大的荣耀。以下是布莱克博罗的几篇日记摘录。 1914年10月31日 ……好吧, 有天早上, 我碰巧买了份报纸, 看到一则有关南极探险的广告。 跟随伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士去南极探险——这是我一直梦寐以求的冒险之旅。我已经准备好了。19岁的我身体健康、充满活力。然而, 当我申请加入探险队时, 沙克尔顿拒绝了我, 因为他认为我太年轻, 没有资格。但我对与他们一起探险实在充满热情, 所以偷偷登上了他的船——“坚忍”号, 藏在一个小橱柜里。不幸的是, 我们出发三天后我就被发现了。沙克尔顿不想返航, 于是给了我份工作, 但在这之前他警告我：“要是到了不得不吃人的地步, 你就是第一个！”他安排我做服务员, 因此, 我现在给28个人提供一日三餐。 等我回来告诉大家我去了哪些令人惊叹的地方时, 他们该多羡慕我啊！ 1915年11月21日 这段旅程并不轻松。当我们接近南极洲时,“坚忍”号卡在了冰里。我们周围都结冰了, 我们彻底被困住了！我们看到船被冰压碎了。船沉没时, 我们的心也跟着沉了。 在我们弃船之前, 沙克尔顿平静地把我们叫到一起, 告诉我们要抢救最重要的物资——小船、食物、炊具、蜡烛、衣服和毯子。现在没时间恐慌。他不允许我们带走大部分的个人物品, 沙克尔顿自己也扔掉了自己所有的黄金。但出乎我们意料的是, 他让赫西留着他的班卓琴。赫西经常演奏它来振奋我们的精神。 我们现在在冰上扎营, 想方设法生存。但是, 春季将至, 冰很快就会开始融化。 1916年5月20日 我们已经挣扎了数日, 但象岛上的情况却越发糟糕了。现在, 在这个悲惨之地的岩石海岸我们挤在一艘小船下。我们到达后不久, 沙克尔顿就离开我们去1,320千米远的南乔治亚岛寻求帮助了——这次航行太过危险, 加之困难重重, 我们都去的话, 仅靠我们坐的小船是没法成功的。要是沙克尔顿失败了, 我们还有得救的希望吗？没有, 世上没有一支海军会在象岛停留, 也没有其他人知道我们在这里。 我心情很低落。天气又冷又刮着风, 岛上没有任何植被。有时, 我们能抓到一只海豹或企鹅来吃, 否则就没有食物。我尽力去想一些更快乐的事情：像样的食物, 温暖干燥的衣服, 舒适的卧室, 阳光明媚的日子, 还有我妈妈的脸……然而, 这些快乐的回忆很快就被突然袭来的冷空气打断了。 我大喊：“关门！”“要坚持住啊, 珀西。你可不要变成另一个汤姆。”有人答道, “我们又抓到一只企鹅, 今晚喝企鹅汤！” 上天保佑弗兰克·怀尔德, 他是除了我们的领袖欧内斯特·沙克尔顿外, 最善良温和的男人。我怎么会变得跟托马斯·奥德利斯一样自私和暴躁啊！要不是弗兰克和欧内斯特, 我们早就死了。他们对他人真诚的关心, 他们的毅力和决心让我充满了希望。毕竟, 也许我们还是有机会回家的。
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
1. qualified / kw l fa d/adj.符合资格; 具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→ qualify / kw l fa /v.使具备资格; 使合格; 取得资格(或学历)→ qualification / kw l f ke n/n.资格; 学历; 限定条件
2. enthusiastic / n θju zi st k/adj.热情的; 热心的→ enthusiasm / n θju zi z m/n.热情; 热衷的事物→ enthusiast / n θju zi st/n.热心者; 爱好者
3. assign / sa n/vt.分派; 布置; 分配→ assignment / sa nm nt/n. (分派的)工作; 任务
4. envy / envi/n.&vt.羡慕; 妒忌→ enviable / envi bl/adj.令人羡慕的; 引起忌妒的
5. abandon / b nd n/vt.舍弃; 抛弃; 放弃→ abandoned / b nd nd/adj.被遗弃的; 被抛弃的
6. belongings /b l z/n. [pl.]财物; 动产→ belong /b l /v.属于
7. genuine / d enju n/adj.真正的; 真诚的; 可信赖的→ genuinely / d enju nli/adv.真诚地; 诚实地
8. perseverance / p s v r ns/n.毅力; 韧性; 不屈不挠的精神→ persevere / p s v (r)/vi.坚持; 孜孜以求
9. resolve /r z lv/vi.&vt.决定; 决心; 解决(问题或困难)n.决心; 坚定的信念→ resolution / rez lu n/n.决议; 解决; 坚定
10. thorough / θ r /adj.深入的; 彻底的; 细致的→ thoroughly / θ r li/adv.彻底; 完全
11. cruel / kru l/adj.残酷的; 残忍的; 冷酷的→ cruelty / kru lt/n.残忍; 残酷; 残暴
12. unfortunately / n f t n tli/adv.不幸地;
遗憾地→ unfortunate / n f t n t/adj.不幸的→ fortunate / f t n t/adj.幸运的→ fortunately / f t n tli/adv.幸运地→ fortune / f t u n/n.运气;
机会; 大笔的钱
13. application / pl ke n/n.申请; 请求; 应用→ apply / pla /v.申请; 涂; 敷; 应用→ applicant / pl k nt/n.申请人
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1.turn sb. down 拒绝某人
2.set off 出发; 使(炸弹等)爆炸; 激起
3.well and truly 完全地; 彻底地
4.make it 获得成功; 准时到达; 渡过难关
5.hold on 坚持住; 抓紧; 稍等
6.梦想做…… dream of…
7.对……充满热情; 热衷于 be enthusiastic about
8.令某人惊讶的是 to one’s surprise
9.保持情绪高昂 keep one’s spirits up
10.每况愈下 go from bad to worse
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 It (just) so happens that…碰巧; 恰好
教材原句 Well, it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition. 是这样的, 有天早上, 我碰巧买了份报纸, 看到一则有关南极探险的广告。
中文例句 我碰巧没带钱。
句式仿写 It so happened that I had no money with me.
2.
句型公式 There is a chance (that)…有机会……
教材原句 Perhaps there is a chance we will return home, after all. 毕竟, 也许我们还是有机会回家的。
中文例句 我们队很有可能赢得这场比赛。
句式仿写 There is a great chance (that) our team will win the game.
文本互动·合作探究
Ⅰ. 文本理解
1.Reading for the main idea.
What’s the main idea of the text
A.The bitter conditions on Elephant Island.
B.The difficulties Shackleton and his crew met.
C.The reason why Blackborow was turned down.
D.The food they ate during the journey.
答案： B
1.Reading for the structure.
Fill in the following blanks with proper words.
Join the expedition ●applied but was 1. turned down ●secretly went aboard and hid in a 2. cupboard but was soon discovered ●worked as a 3. steward and served meals
During the journey: not an 4. easy one ●The ship got 5. crushed by the ice. ●We abandoned the ship and most of our 6. belongings but kept a banjo. ●Things on the island were getting 7. worse and Shackleton went to 8. find/seek help. ●Frank and Ernest gave me hope with their 9. perseverance and 10. resolve .
Reading for the details.
1.Why was Perce turned down when applying to join the expedition
A.He was full of vigour.
B.He was too young and wasn’t qualified.
C.He wanted to show off and made his friends envy him.
D.He can’t equal to the job of a steward.
答案： B
2.What supplies did the crew give up when the ship got crushed
A.A banjo.B.The stove.
C.Candles.D.Gold.
答案： D
3.How did Perce describe Shackleton in his diary
A.Strict and confident.
B.Brave and ambitious.
C.Calm and considerate.
D.Smart and open-minded.
答案： C
4.What did the crew mainly live on on Elephant Island
A.Animals.B.His mother’s face.
C.Plants.D.Happy memories.
答案： A
Ⅱ. 难句突破
1.However, ① when I applied to join the expedition , Shackleton turned me down ② because he thought ③ I was too young and wasn’t qualified .
【分析】本句是主从复合句。①为when 引导的时间状语从句;②为because引导的原因状语从句, 其中③为省略连接词 that 的宾语从句。
【译文】然而, 当我申请加入探险队时, 沙克尔顿拒绝了我, 因为他认为我太年轻, 没有资格。
2.①How everyone will envy me ② when I come back and tell them about the amazing places ③ I have been to!
【分析】本句是how引出的感叹句。①为句子主干部分;②为when引导的时间状语从句;③为省略引导词that的定语从句, 修饰先行词places。
【译文】等我回来告诉大家我去了哪些令人惊叹的地方时, 他们该多羡慕我啊！
Ⅲ. 概要写作
Step 1 Question Answering
根据课文内容回答下列问题。
1.Was Perce interested in the expedition to Antarctic with Shackleton
Yes, Perce was interested in the expedition to Antarctic with Shackleton.
2.How did Perce come to join the expedition
He secretly went aboard and hid in a small cupboard.
3.When was Perce discovered He was discovered three days after they set off.
4.Was the voyage an easy one
No, the voyage was not an easy one.
5.What happened to the Endurance
The Endurance was stuck and crushed by the ice and then sank.
6.What did the crew members have to do
They had to camp on the ice and struggled to survive under the bitter conditions.
7.What did Shackleton do to make sure they could survive
Shackleton left the crew to seek help.
8.How did Frank and Ernest encourage the crew
Their genuine concern for others, their perseverance, and their resolve encouraged the crew.
Step 2 Sentence Rewriting
1.用be enthusiastic about改写第1句。
Perce was enthusiastic about the expedition to Antarctic with Shackleton.
2.用非谓语动词合并第2、3句。
He secretly went aboard, hiding in a small cupboard, but was discovered three days after they set off.
3.用并列连词合并第4、5句。
The voyage was not easy and the Endurance sank after it was stuck and crushed by the ice.
4.用强调句改写第8句。
It was Frank and Ernest’s genuine concern for others, their perseverance, and their resolve that encouraged the crew.
Step 3 Summary Writing
1. 将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的文章概要。
Perce was enthusiastic about the expedition to Antarctic with Shackleton. Therefore, he secretly went aboard, hiding in a small cupboard, but was discovered three days after they set off. The voyage was not easy and the Endurance sank after it was stuck and crushed by the ice. The crew had to camp on the ice and struggled to survive under the bitter conditions. Then Shackleton left to seek help. It was Frank and Ernest’s genuine concern for others, their perseverance, and their resolve that encouraged the crew.
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. turn down 拒绝; 把……调低; 关小
However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified. 然而, 当我申请加入探险队时, 沙克尔顿拒绝了我, 因为他认为我太年轻, 没有资格。（教材P38）
典例翻译
①Please turn the volume down, for I can’t get what my friend said on the phone.
请把音量调低些, 因为我听不清我朋友电话里说了些什么。
②They finally turned up at nearly midnight.
他们终于在近午夜时出现了。
③It turned out that he won first prize, which was beyond his expectation.
结果是他得了一等奖, 这超出了他的预期。
④She has nobody she can turn to.
她求助无门。
⑤I haven’t even turned in Monday’s work yet.
我连星期一的作业还没交呢。
归纳拓展
（1）调高; 偶然出现; 露面 turn up
（2）结果是; 生产 turn out
（3）求助; 翻到; 转向 turn to
（4）上交; 提交 turn in
（5）关掉 turn off
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs, or you could have problems.
②The job turned out to be harder than we thought.
（2）完成句子
③为了能集中精力学习, 她拒绝了几次演出的邀请。
She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
2. qualified adj.符合资格; 具备……的知识（或技能、学历等）
However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified. 然而, 当我申请加入探险队时, 沙克尔顿拒绝了我, 因为他认为我太年轻, 没有资格。（教材P38）
典例翻译
①She is extremely well qualified for the job.
她完全符合担任这项工作的条件。
②I don’t know much about it, so I don’t feel qualified to comment.
关于此事我所知不多, 所以觉得没资格评论。
③This training course will qualify you for a better job.
本培训课程将使你能胜任更好的工作。
④Previous teaching experience is a necessary qualification for this job.
教学经验是担任这项工作的必备条件。
归纳拓展
（1）有资格做某事 be/feel qualified to do sth. 适合做; 符合……的条件 be qualified for sth.
（2）v. 使具备资格; 使合格; 取得资格(或学历) qualify
（3）n. 资格; 学历; 限制条件 qualification
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①I’m writing to apply to join it, thinking that I’m well qualified for the job.
②She has met the minimum educational requirements for qualification (qualify).
（2）完成句子
③看着这个招聘广告, 他在想自己是否有资格去申请这份工作。
Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was qualified to apply for it .
3. enthusiastic adj.热情的; 热心的
But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard. 但我对与他们一起探险实在充满热情, 所以偷偷登上了他的船——“坚忍”号, 藏在一个小橱柜里。(教材P38)
典例翻译
①He is enthusiastic about academic research.
他对学术研究很感兴趣。
②Darren greeted the speaker with great enthusiasm.
Darren非常热情地接待了演讲者。
③He is a great sports enthusiast.
他是个真正的体育爱好者。
归纳拓展
（1）对……充满热情; 热衷于 be enthusiastic about
（2）n.热情; 热衷的事物 enthusiasm
n.热心者; 爱好者 enthusiast
（3）enthusiastically adv.热心地; 满腔热情地
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Cathy has inspired us with her will and enthusiasm (enthusiastic).
②The announcement was greeted enthusiastically (enthusiastic).
（2）单句写作
③全体员工都对这个项目感兴趣。
All the staff are enthusiastic about the project.
4. assign vt.分派; 布置; 分配
He assigned me to be a steward, and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men, three times a day. 他安排我做服务员, 因此, 我现在给28个人提供一日三餐。(教材P38)
典例翻译
①The teacher assigned a different task to each of the children. = The teacher assigned each of the children a different task.
老师给每个儿童都布置了不同的作业。
②I was assigned to B platoon.
我被派到B排工作。
③The general manager assigned him to guide the construction of the building.
总经理派他去指导这栋大楼的建设。
④You will need to complete three written assignments per semester.
你每学期要完成三个书面作业。
归纳拓展
（1）分配某物给某人; 分派、布置(工作、任务等)给某人 assign sb. sth. = assign sth. to sb.
（2）指派某人到某(部分、地方) assign sb. to…
（3）分配某人做某事; 指派某人做某事 assign sb. to do sth.
（4）n. (分派的)工作; 任务 assignment
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①We believe the time and hard work involved in completing the assignment (assign) are worthwhile.
②The teacher assigned me to write (write) an essay about the reform and opening-up policy of China.
（2）单句写作
③毕业之前, 我们的导师会给我们布置论文。
Before graduation, our tutor will assign us papers. = Before graduation, our tutor will assign papers to us .
5. envy n. &vt. 羡慕; 妒忌
How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to! 等我回来告诉大家我去了哪些令人惊叹的地方时, 他们该多羡慕我啊！(教材P38)
典例翻译
①He will have a chance of visiting Guilin. We all envy him his good fortune.
他将有机会游览桂林, 我们都很羡慕他的好运。
②The new watch was the envy of his classmates.
那块新的手表令他的同学们羡慕。
③They looked with envy at her latest purchase.
他们艳羡地看着她最近买到的东西。
④He is in the enviable position of having two job offers to choose from.
他有两份工作可选, 真让人羡慕。
归纳拓展
（1）羡慕/忌妒某人有某物 envy sb. sth.
（2）成为羡慕/忌妒的对象 be the envy of
羡慕地; 忌妒地 with envy
（3）adj.令人羡慕的; 引起忌妒的 enviable
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①He looked with envy at his friend’s new car.
②People can’t help envying （envy） his wages and lifestyle.
（2）完成句子
③随着中国互联网的发展, 我们的移动支付令其他国家非常羡慕。
With the development of the Internet in China, our mobile payment has become the envy of other countries .
6. abandon vt.舍弃; 抛弃; 放弃
Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies-the small boats, our food, the cook stove, candles, clothes, and blankets. 在我们弃船之前, 沙克尔顿平静地把我们叫到一起, 告诉我们要抢救最重要的物资——小船、食物、炊具、蜡烛、衣服和毯子。（教材P38）
典例翻译
①He abandoned studying abroad because of his father’s illness.
因为他父亲的病, 他放弃了出国留学。
②The study showed a deep fear among the elderly of being abandoned to the care of strangers.
研究表明, 老人十分害怕被丢给陌生人照管。
③He abandoned himself to despair.
他陷入绝望。
④He posts photos of abandoned cats and dogs onto the Internet in order to arouse people’s concern.
他在网上发布被遗弃的猫和狗的照片以引起人们的关心。
归纳拓展
（1）放弃做某事 abandon doing sth.
把……丢弃给……; 把……丢到…… abandon sb./sth. to sb./sth.
陷入; 沉湎于（某种情感） abandon oneself to
（2）adj.被遗弃的; 被抛弃的 abandoned
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①These abandoned （abandon） children have now got a new home.
②However, these plans were abandoned （abandon） because of financial problems.
（2）完成句子
③我们害怕陷入自己的情感中, 以防我们看起来太懦弱或失控。
We are scared to abandon ourselves to our feelings in case we seem too weak or out of control.
7. belongings n. [pl.] 财物; 动产
We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings, and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold. 他不允许我们带走大部分的个人物品, 沙克尔顿自己也扔掉了自己所有的黄金。（教材P38）
典例翻译
①Setting foot on the homeland, he felt a strong sense of belonging.踏上祖国的土地, 他有一种强烈的归属感。
②While the two are only days apart in age they seem to belong to wholly different generations.
虽然这两位年龄上只有几天之差, 但他们好像属于完全不同年代的人。
归纳拓展
（1）属于（无被动语态） belong to
（2）归属感 a sense of belonging
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Lockers are available to store any belongings （belong） during your visit.
②Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging （belong） starts with small talk.
（2）完成句子
③我的自行车正在修理中。（belonging to作后置定语）
The bike belonging to me is under repair.
8. application n.申请; 请求; 应用
Unfortunately, his application was turned down because he was too young and not qualified enough. 不幸的是, 他的申请被拒绝了, 因为他太年轻了, 资格不够。（教材P40）
典例翻译
①They made an application to the committee for permission to use this tennis court.
他们向委员会申请使用这个网球场。
②When applying for a visa, you need to state simply and clearly the reasons why you need it.
申请签证时, 你需要简单明了地说明申请理由。
③The new technology was applied to farming.
这项新技术已应用于农业。
④He has been applying himself to achieving his personal goal.
他一直致力于实现他的个人目标。
归纳拓展
（1）（向某人）申请…… make an application （to sb.） for sth.
（2）apply v. 应用; 申请
申请…… apply for…
把……应用到…… apply…to…
致力于; 专心于 apply oneself to
（3）applicant n.申请人
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①I attached a photo to my application （apply） form and sent it to the company.
②Lisa applied to a big company for a post last week.
（2）单句写作
③只有用这种方式, 我们才能更好地将理论应用于实践。
Only in this way can we better apply theory to practice.
重点句型
It（just）so happens that…碰巧……
Well, it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition. 好吧, 有天早上, 我碰巧买了份报纸, 看到一则有关南极探险的广告。（教材P38）
典例翻译
①It happened that she was out when we called.
我们打电话时她刚巧不在家。
②She happened to be out when we called.
我们打电话时她刚巧不在家。
③I hope nothing has happened to them.
我希望他们没出事。
归纳拓展
（1） sb. happens to do sth. = It happens that…碰巧……
（2）某人碰巧做某事 sb. happens to do sth.
某事发生在某人身上 sth. happens to sb.
学以致用
（1）单句填空
① It just so happened that they’d been invited too.
②I happened to be （be） there when the accident happened.
（2）单句写作
③这是我遇到过的最好的事。
It’s the best thing that has ever happened to me.
素养达标·迁移创新
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.It happened on a bitter (严寒的) winter morning.
2.After retiring from the navy, he went on an expedition (探险).
3.He showed remarkable endurance (忍耐力) throughout his illness.
4.He worked with renewed vigour (活力) and determination.
5.Although the expedition might be a bitter and miserable (痛苦的) experience, they were fearless.
6.I want to find a decent (体面的) and leisurable job with high pay in the future, and then I can spend more time on travelling and other meaningful things.
7.I felt warm and cosy (舒适的) sitting by the fire.
8.It was selfish (自私的) of him to leave all the work to you.
9.To be honest, if it is a genuine (真正的) Michelangelo drawing, it will sell for millions of pounds.
10.Officers have made a thorough (细致的) examination of the wreckage.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
make it; hold on; turn down; well and truly; set off; keep up; in all directions; go from bad to worse; dream of; be enthusiastic about
1.To safeguard people’s safety and reduce pollution, the fireworks are not allowed to be set off in the city.
2.They managed to hold on until rescuers arrived.
3.When the police arrived, the crowd scattered in all directions .
4.Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to keep up his courage.
5.She dreams of running her own business.
6.We hope for improvement but things go from bad to worse .
7.The public should learn to distinguish true and false information, because some information on the Internet can be well and truly wrong.
8.The plan that he came up with wasn’t practical and achievable, so the company turned down it.
9.He was enthusiastic about our expedition and gave us a lot of guidance.
10.I believe I have the talent to make it .
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
1.
As a young man full of both passion and endurance, Perce Blackborow had long been 1. dreaming (dream) of a decent adventure, so he didn’t give up when Sir Ernest Shackleton turned down his request to join the expedition. Perce 2. secretly (secret) hid himself in a cupboard, only 3. to be found (find) three days after they set off. He felt fortunate and happy when he was assigned as a steward instead of being sent back home.
It turned 4. out to be a tough journey. The ship got 5. stuck (stick) in the ice as they approached Antarctica and they had to abandon the ship. 6. Under the guidance of Sir Ernest, they 7. threw (throw) away nearly everything except necessities and a banjo, 8. which kept their spirits up during the journey. Survival was not easy and things went from bad to worse. Finally Sir Ernest left for South Georgia Island in order to find help. The desperate situation made young Perce Blackborow feel down and become bad-tempered. It was the genuine 9. encouragement (encourage) and concern from Bless Frank Wild that cheered him up. Frank and Ernest’s resolve and perseverance filled him with hope. Realizing that he shouldn’t become selfish just because of 10. the adversity they were faced with, he learned to be optimistic and determined.
21Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
（现在完成进行时)
情境创设·语法精讲
教材链接
（1）（教材P38） An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton-this is the adventure that I have been dreaming of.
（2）（教材P38） We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive, but spring is coming, and the ice will soon begin to melt.
（3）（教材P39） We have been struggling for days, but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse.
观察上面句子, 黑体部分使用的时态为现在完成进行时 , 其结构为 have/has been doing 。
要点精析
1. 现在完成进行时的构成：have/has been doing
I have been teaching English at university for 25 years.
我在大学教英语25年了。
I have been trying to find out her telephone number.
我一直在努力找出她的电话号码。
2. 现在完成进行时的用法
（1）表示动作从过去某个时刻开始, 一直持续到现在, 还可能延续下去, 强调动作的延续性。I have been waiting for an hour, but she hasn’t come yet. 我都等了一个小时了, 但是她还没来。
She has been burning the midnight oil to prepare for GRE recently. 她最近在熬夜准备研究生入学资格考试。
（2）表示从过去到现在的一段时间内反复进行的动作或存在的状态。
She has been phoning Jim every night for two weeks.
两个星期以来, 她每天晚上都给吉姆打电话。
Jack has been practicingTai Chi for more than a year.
杰克练太极一年多了。
（3）表示动作刚刚结束, 该动作一般不再继续, 有时会指出结果。
I have been playing badminton all morning, so I’m sweating heavily. 整个上午我一直在打羽毛球, 所以我浑身是汗。
I have been painting the door, so my hands are very dirty. 我一直在给门刷漆, 所以我的手很脏。
（4）表达某种感彩。
She has been persuading me to give up the plan.
她一直在劝我放弃这个计划。（不耐烦）
You have been daydreaming but never make an effort.
你一直在做白日梦, 却从不努力。（指责）
3. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别
（1）现在完成进行时往往强调动作的延续, 现在完成时往往强调动作的完成。
They have been widening the road.
他们在加宽马路。（但尚未完工）
They have widened the road.
他们加宽了马路。（已完工）
（2）现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复, 现在完成时表示的动作常常不带重复性。
Julia has gone to the library.
朱莉娅去图书馆了。
Julia has been going to the library for a year.
朱莉娅这一年经常去图书馆。
（3）现在完成进行时含感彩, 现在完成时通常只陈述事实。
I have been waiting for you for two hours.
我一直在等你, 等了两个小时。（表示不满）
I have waited for you for two hours.
我已经等了你两个小时了。（说明一个事实）
实战演练
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1.（2020课标全国Ⅲ）It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising （rise） for some time.
2.（2020天津）—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks. It’s because I have been practising （practise） a lot these days.
3.（2019北京）A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been offering （offer） free rides to college students for the past eight years.
4.（2019课标全国Ⅱ）For the past two years, Gordon’s students have been studying （study） ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution（解决方案）.
5.（2019课标全国Ⅲ）“People have been sitting （sit） there and standing there and taking pictures of each other,” Ro says.
6.（2020陕西汉中期中）Ever since the Greens moved to the country a year ago, they have been enjoying （enjoy） better health.
7.The dollar has been climbing （climb） all week.
8.Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement has been made （make） so far between the two sides.
9.I have been looking （look） for a job for three months, and this is my first normal interview.
10.It is known to us all that Shakespeare has been recognized （recognize） as one of the greatest playwrights so far.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1.几周以来, 我一直在思考一个更大、更深层次的问题：我们如何让他们养成这种习惯？
For weeks, I have been thinking of a bigger, deeper question: How do we make it a habit for them
2.事实上, 传统也指那些一直在发展和仍在被创造的事物。
In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created .
3.语言的出现和消失已经有几千年的历史了, 但在近代, 语言的出现越来越少, 消失越来越多。
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.
4.中国修建了更多的公路, 使人们从一个地方去另一个地方旅行更加方便了。
More highways have been built in China , making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
5.他来了! 从昨天晚上开始我们就一直在焦急地等待。
Here he is! We have been waiting for him anxiously since last night.
6.这场森林大火到现在已经烧了几十天了。
Until now, the forest fire has been burning for dozens of days.
7.今天上午我一直给他打电话, 打了好多次, 但都没有人接。
I have been calling him many times this morning , but there’s no answer.
8.自从人类开始做园艺工作以来, 我们一直在努力使我们的环境变得更美丽。
Since the time humankind started gardening, we have been trying to make our environment more beautiful.
9.整个学期, 老师一直在告诉我们要细心。
The teacher has been telling us to be careful all the term.
10.这本书我已经读了两个小时了, 但我还没读完。
I have been reading this book for two hours , but I haven’t finished it.
Ⅲ. 语法填空
1.Failing Successfully
Two years ago I took part in a speech competition and I got the worst. Though losing the competition, I really wanted 1. to compete (compete) again. I realized that finding the right topic was the most important part. It needs to be motivational and inspirational to the audience. So I reworked my speech for the 2. following (follow) year, picking a different topic and spending countless hours polishing (润色) the speech, word 3. for word.
The next year I participated in 4. the competition again. My speech went well and I hoped to do that a bit better this year. 5. Sadly (sad), my wish didn’t come true. The competition was so fierce that again I didn’t make 6. it .
The defeat was a bitter pill to swallow. I couldn’t accept the fact 7. that I had failed twice in something that I had worked so hard on. However, one of the 8. judges (judge) said to me that my speech was quite good, but it needed to be 9. better (good) if I wanted to go any further. He advised me to struggle to overcome something like some of the empty gestures. He said that I would surely succeed some day.
Hearing such instructive and 10. inspiring (inspire) words, I knew I failed successfully. Losing is normal and part of life. This experience was not a fall but a slip.
4Section Ⅲ Using Language
自主学习·激发潜能
Ⅰ. 词汇拓展
1. rough /r f/adj. 汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的→ roughly /'r fli/adv. 大约；粗糙地；粗暴地
2. loyal /'l l/adj. 忠诚的；忠实的→ loyalty /'l r lti/n. 忠诚；忠实；忠心耿耿
3. navigator /'n v ge t /n. 领航员；（飞机、船舶等上的）航行者→ navigate /'n v ge t/v. 导航
4. commitment /k 'm tm nt/n. 承诺；保证；奉献→ commit /k 'm t/vt. 承诺；保证vi. 忠于；全心全意投入→ committed /k 'm t d/adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的
5. motive /'m t v/n. 动机；原因；目的→ motivate /'m t ve t/v. 激发；成为……的动机→ motivation / m t ve n/n. 动机；原因
Ⅱ. 情境词块
1.at times 有时
2.ahead of 在……之前
3.cheer up （使）变得高兴, 振奋起来
4.pretty well 相当好；几乎；差不多
5.由……组成 consist of
6.生火 make fire
7.放出（热、光、气味或气体） give off
Ⅲ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 What if…如果……将会怎样？
教材原句 What if they were delayed 如果他们被耽搁了怎么办？
中文例句 假如没有人去过那里的话会怎么样？
句式仿写 What if no one had been there
2.
句型公式 way后接定语从句
教材原句 As a chef, it was my duty to cook, so I tried to vary the meals in whatever way I could. 作为厨师, 我的职责就是做饭，所以我得竭尽所能改变花样。
中文例句 他解释那个问题的方法很简单。
句式仿写 The way that/in which he explained the question was quite simple.
激发思维·全程指导
背景导学
本栏目的活动主题是写一篇关于人物的文章，是依据 “Listening and Speaking”的交际功能，使语言的“听、说、读、写”能力进一步得到落实。通过人物简介及经历，学习他们在面对困境时所表现出来的坚忍不拔的毅力和永不言败的精神。
文本改写
教材原文 THE REWARD FOR PERSEVERANCE We watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island. It was easy to imagine the danger ahead of them. Would they ever return to find us What might happen to them What if they were delayed We felt so alone and desperate. But it was not for long. There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up. Life fell into a regular pattern. Staying alive took all our time and energy. For example, we needed water, and Elephant Island had none. We found that we could melt ice from the ocean and drink the water from it. But how could we make fire There were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil, so the only fuel we could use was animal fat. This gave off oily, black smoke, but it stayed burning even in strong winds. Food was also a problem, as we did not find any vegetables or fruit on the island. One of our group members, Lionel Greenstreet, noted in his diary about how bored he was with the meals: “The food now is pretty well all meat of sea creatures.” If it weren’t for sea animals, we would all starve. As a chef, it was my duty to cook, so I tried to vary the meals in whatever way I could. But it was difficult. We had to be careful not to go outside too often, as the changing temperatures could make us ill. It was almost as dangerous to become too hot from wearing too many clothes as to become too cold from wearing too few. The sweat could freeze very quickly. Many of us also became ill from the black smoke of the animal fat we burnt for our fires. It damaged our eyes and burnt our lungs. The twenty-two of us lived like this in the cold for four months. Our discipline and team spirit kept us optimistic and helped us deal with our fears in a positive and successful way. We also celebrated our birthdays, festivals, and even the times when we caught a sea animal. This was an episode in my life that I would never forget. When we were finally rescued, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. We were at last free to go home to warm beds, good food, and the care of our family and friends. Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive. And he paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death. 教材译文 毅力的奖赏 我们看着沙克尔顿驾船驶离象岛，不难想象他们将要面临的危险境地。他们还会回来找我们吗？他们会遇到什么？如果他们被耽搁了怎么办？我们感到非常孤独和绝望，但这种情绪并没持续多久，没有什么比一顿好饭和一些音乐更能让我们振作起来了。 生活陷入常规的循环往复，光是活下去就耗费了我们所有的时间和精力。比如，我们需要水, 可是象岛上没有。我们发现我们可以融化海洋中的冰来获得饮用水。可是我们怎么生火呢？南极洲没有树木生长，也没有石油，因此我们唯一可用的燃料是动物脂肪。它燃烧时会散发出油腻的黑烟，但任是强风也无法将其吹灭。 食物也是个问题，因为我们在岛上找不到任何蔬菜或水果。团队中的一名成员莱昂内尔·格林斯特里特在日记里记录了他对这些食物的厌倦：“现在的食物基本都是海洋动物的肉。”要不是这些海洋动物，我们都得挨饿。作为厨师，我的职责就是做饭，所以我得竭尽所能改变花样，可是真的很难。 我们必须小心些，不要经常外出，因为变化的温度会让我们生病。因为穿太多衣服而变得太热和因为穿得太少而变得太冷几乎是同样危险的。汗水很快就会结冰。我们中的许多人也因为燃烧动物脂肪产生的黑烟而生病。它损伤了我们的眼睛，灼伤了我们的肺。 我们22个人就这样在寒冷中生活了4个月。我们的纪律和团队精神使我们保持乐观，帮助我们用积极和成功的方式应对恐惧。我们也会庆祝我们的生日和节日，甚至庆祝抓获海洋动物的时刻。这是我人生中一段永生难忘的经历。 当我们最终获救时，我们如释重负，喜极而泣。我们终于可以回家了，回归温暖的床（享受）美味的食物，以及家人和朋友的关心。我们的乐观和对沙克尔顿的信任帮我们坚持活了下来。他也兑现了他的承诺，将我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡中拯救了出来。
将本文与课文（P38）结合起来，讲述沙克尔顿和他的船员们在“坚忍”号上发生的故事。
【审题谋篇】
【词汇储备】
1.顺利的；平稳的 smooth
2.被压碎 get crushed
3.弃船 abandon the ship
4.挣扎求生 struggle to survive
5.寻求帮助 seek help
6.纪律 discipline
7.团队精神 team spirit
8.设法做成某事 manage to do
9.渡过难关 pull through
【句型运用】
1.沙克尔顿和他的伙伴们决定乘坐“坚忍”号去南极探险。
Shackleton and his men decided to go on an expedition to the Antarctica on the ship Endurance .
2.然而，他们的旅程并不顺利。当他们接近南极时，“坚忍”号被冰压碎了。
However, the journey was not smooth and the ship got crushed by the ice as they approached Antarctica.
3.因此，沙克尔顿不得不作出弃船的决定。
Therefore, Shackleton had no choice but to make the decision to abandon the ship.
4.船员们艰难求生，但象岛的条件却每况愈下。因此，沙克尔顿离开去寻求帮助。
The crew struggled to survive but things on Elephant Island were going from bad to worse, so Shackleton left to seek help.
5.为了生存，他们融化冰来获得饮用水，用动物脂肪来生火。
To stay alive, they melted ice to drink and made fire by burning animal fat.
6.燃烧动物脂肪产生的烟雾损害了他们的身体健康。
The smoke from burning the animal fat damaged their health.
7.尽管生活很艰难，船员们还是凭借纪律和团队精神渡过了难关。
Though life was extremely hard, the crew managed to pull through the tough conditions with their discipline and team spirit.
【句式升级】
1.用with 的复合结构升级第4句。
The crew struggled to survive but with things on Elephant Island going from bad to worse, Shackleton left to seek help.
2.用定语从句合并第5、6句。
To stay alive, they melted ice to drink and made fire by burning animal fat, the smoke from which damaged their health.
【串句成文】
1.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
Shackleton and his men decided to go on an expedition to the Antarctica on the ship Endurance. However, the journey was not smooth and the ship got crushed by the ice as they approached Antarctica. Therefore, Shackleton had no choice but to make the decision to abandon the ship. The crew struggled to survive but with things on Elephant Island going from bad to worse, Shackleton left to seek help.
To stay alive, they melted ice to drink and made fire by burning animal fat, the smoke from which damaged their health. Though life was extremely hard, the crew managed to pull through the tough conditions with their discipline and team spirit.
实战演练
1.
根据以下提示写一篇关于居里夫人的短文：
1. 居里夫人(Madame Curie)于1867年11月7日出生在波兰一个教师家庭，她是世界上最伟大的物理学家之一；
2. 她从小就对物理非常感兴趣，但因当时在波兰，妇女不能上大学，她决定去巴黎上大学。在这期间，她生活很苦，但学习非常努力，顺利获得物理学学位；
3. 她是镭研究所 (the Radium Institute) 的创始人, 放射性元素钋(Po)、镭(Ra)的发现者，被称为“镭的母亲”；
4.1903年和丈夫共同获得诺贝尔物理学奖，1911年获得诺贝尔化学奖。
注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
解析：写作指导
体裁 记叙文——描写居里夫人
时态 一般过去时；一般现在时
人称 第三人称
要点 1. 居里夫人的基本情况介绍（出生日期、小时候的经历）；2. 居里夫人所从事的研究；3. 居里夫人所取得的成就。
答案：高分范文
Born into a teacher’s family on November 7, 1867, in Poland, Madame Curie is one of the greatest physicists.
When she was young, she became interested in physics. At that time women were not admitted into universities in Poland, so she was determined to go to university in Paris, during which time she led a very poor life. However, she worked very hard and succeeded in getting a degree in physics.
Madame Curie devoted all her life to her research. She was not only the founder of the Radium Institute, but also the discoverer of two kinds of radioactive elements-polonium and radium. She was regarded as the mother of Ra. In 1903, she and her husband were given the Nobel Prize in Physics. She received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911. So she became the first scientist in the world to win two Nobel Prizes.
Madame Curie sets a good example for us, so all the people show great respect for her.
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. give off 放出（热、光、气味或气体）
This gave off oily, black smoke, but it stayed burning even in strong winds. 它燃烧时会散发出油腻的黑烟, 但任是强风也无法将其吹灭。（教材P44）
典例翻译
①The video of Chinese students giving away face masks in Tokyo in order to protect people from COVID-19 touched the hearts of billions of people.
中国学生在东京发放口罩以保护人们免受新型冠状病毒肺炎的视频触动了亿万人的心。
②My money was beginning to give out and there were no jobs to be found.
我的钱快用光了, 工作也没找到。
③The Coast Guard had given up all hope of finding the two divers alive.
海岸警卫队已经放弃了两名潜水员生还的全部希望。
④With the development of science and technology, old equipment has to give way to new inventions.
随着科学技术的发展, 旧设备不得不让位于新的发明。
⑤The police have shown no signs of giving in to the kidnappers’ demands.
警察对绑架者的要求没有丝毫让步的迹象。
归纳拓展
（1）放弃 give up
（2）赠送; 分发; 泄露 give away
（3）用完; 用尽; 分发 give out
（4）给……让路; 向……让步 give way to
（5）屈服; 让步; 投降 give in （to）
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving, but eventually he gave in as she was so confident about her skills.
②Body language can give away a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.
（2）完成句子
③他们站在那里, 向路人分发传单。
They stood there, giving out leaflets to passers-by.
2. commitment n. 承诺; 保证; 奉献
And he paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death. 他也兑现了他的承诺, 将我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡中拯救了出来。（教材P45）
典例翻译
①Once you make a commitment, you will have to keep your promise.
你一旦作出承诺, 就必须信守诺言。
②Generally speaking, women commit fewer crimes than men.
一般来说, 女性犯罪比男性少。
③He was committedto continuing down the path of economic reform.
他承诺会继续在经济改革的道路上走下去。
④A lot of money has been committed to this project.
这个项目已经投入了很多钱。
⑤The group of people are committed socialists.
这群人是坚定的社会主义者。
归纳拓展
（1）作出承诺 make a commitment
（2）v.犯（罪行或错误）; 承诺; 作出决定; 全心全意投入 commit
承诺/保证（做）某事 commit sb./oneself to （doing） sth.
对……投入…… commit…to…
（3）adj. 坚定的; 尽心尽力的 committed
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Since last year, he has committed himself to raising （raise） money for people with disabilities.
②China remains firm in its commitment （commit） to strengthening friendship and cooperation with other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.
（2）完成句子
③他承诺会按时交房租。
He made a commitment to pay the rent on time.
重点句型
1. There is/was nothing like... 没有什么比……更……
There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up. 没有什么比一顿好饭和一些音乐更能让我们振作起来了。（教材P44）
典例翻译
①There is nothing better than the smiling face of you.
没有什么比你的笑脸更好的了。
②He said that he had nothing to do with the decision.
他说他和那个决定毫不相干。
③Two entirely separate islands or worlds might have different languages, and most likely havenothing in common.
两个完全独立的岛屿或世界, 可能有不同的语言, 而且很可能没有什么共同之处。
④She has had nothing but bad luck.
她净倒霉了。
归纳拓展
（1）There is/was nothing+比较级+than…没有什么比……更……
（2）和……没有关系 have nothing to do with
没有什么共同之处 have nothing in common
（3）只有; 只是 nothing but
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Perhaps nobody thinks personality has nothing to do with one’s career.
②My colour television set has given me nothing but a headache.
（2）单句写作
③爬了一天山以后, 没什么比得上好好泡个热水澡了。
There is nothing better than a long soak in a hot bath after a day’s climbing.
2. such…that…如此……以至于……
When we were finally rescued, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. 当我们最终获救时, 我们如释重负, 喜极而泣。（教材P45）
典例翻译
①It was such a popular book that nearly everybody had one. = It was so popular a book that nearly everybody had one.
这本书如此受欢迎以至于几乎每个人都有一本。
②They are such fine teachers that we all have great respect for them.
他们是非常好的老师, 我们都对他们非常尊敬。
③Susan made such rapid progress that before long she began to write articles in Chinese for a newspaper.
苏珊进步如此迅速, 以至于她很快就开始用汉语为一家报社写文章了。
④Everything happened so quickly that I didn’t have time to think.
一切发生得如此之快以至于我来不及去思考。
⑤He has so many books that I can’t count them.
他有很多书, 我数也数不清。
⑥Such a difficult problem is it that I can’t solve it.
这个问题是如此之难以至于我解决不了。
归纳拓展
（1）such…that…常用于以下三个结构：
such+a（n）+adj.+ 可数名词单数 +that…
such+adj.+可数名词复数+that…
such+adj.+ 不可数名词 +that…
（2）so…that…常用于以下四个结构: so+adj./adv.+that…
so+adj.+a（n）+可数名词单数+that…
so+many/few+ 可数名词复数 +that…
so+ much/little +不可数名词+that…
（3）在so/such…that…结构中, 当so/such…置于句首时, 主句要用部分倒装结构。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①（2019课标全国Ⅲ）On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.
②It was such a serious accident that he was kept in hospital for a month.
（2）句型转换
③The kids have done so well that they deserve our praise and thanks. （倒装句）
→ So well have the kids done that they deserve our praise and thanks.
素养达标·迁移创新
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.One of the funniest episodes （片段） in the book occurs in Chapter 6.
2.There seemed to be no motive （动机） for the murder.
3.He had studied new modern Confucianism （儒家学说） all through his life and made great contributions to its development.
4.A career as an actor requires one hundred per cent commitment （投入）.
5.Somewhere out there was a desperate （绝望的） man, cold, hungry, hunted（惊恐万分的）.
6.The school has a reputation for high standards of discipline （纪律）.
7.We were struggling to get better wages （工资）.
8.We may now look forward with optimism （乐观）.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
ahead of; cheer…up; make fire; give off; consist of; pretty well; pay back; save…from; at times; sign up for
1.The boy tried to cheer his friend up with funny stories.
2.When I was young, I saw people use branches to make fire .
3.It is the custom for guests to come ahead of time instead of on time in some countries.
4.He burst into tears, begging her to forgive him and swearing to pay back everything that he had stolen.
5.After working day and night for weeks, the work is pretty well finished.
6.Finn and his friend Tom Sawyer made a plan to save Jim from the farm.
7.This bottle of milk must be bad, for it is giving off a bad smell.
8.Please complete the form below to sign up for the two-week summer camp.
9.Their diet consists largely of vegetables.
10.Life is hard at times .
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
1. Shackleton’s departure to find help let the crew feel down and even a little desperate, but soon 1. the banjo worked to cheer them up. They took advantage of 2. whatever/what they could find in order to stay alive. There 3. being （be） no water in the 4. extremely （extreme） cold weather, the crew melted ice from the ocean for daily use. Without any fuel, they burned animal fat to make fire though the oily, black smoke caused damage to their eyes and burned their 5. lungs （lung）. No vegetables or fruit could be found on the island, and they managed to feed 6. on sea animals. Young Perce, now a competent chef and teammate, 7. tried （try） his best to vary the meals in whatever way he could.
Another challenge lying ahead of them is to stay 8. healthy （health）, because a slight cold or fever might become a disaster on Antarctica. Because of the changing temperatures, they took care of themselves neither 9. to become （become） too hot from wearing too many clothes nor to become too cold from wearing too few.
Their discipline, perseverance and team spirit carried them through. It was four months 10. before they were finally rescued.
12Section Ⅳ Expanding Your World
单元回顾·总结提升
Ⅰ. 单词分层默写
1.单词拼写
① adversity n.困境; 逆境
② wage n.工资
③ bitter adj.严寒的; 激烈而不愉快的; 味苦的
④ expedition n.探险; 远征; 探险队
⑤ endurance n.忍耐力; 耐久力
⑥ vigour n.精力; 力量; 活力
⑦ sink vi.沉没; 下沉; 下降vt.使下沉; 使沉没
⑧ crush vt.毁坏; 压坏; 压碎n.拥挤的人群
⑨ miserable adj.痛苦的; 令人难受的
⑩ voyage n. & vi. 航海; 航行
navy n.海军; 海军部队
decent adj.相当不错的; 正派的; 得体的
cosy adj.温馨的; 舒适的
good/bad-tempered adj.脾气好的/坏的
furniture n.家具
damp adj.潮湿的; 湿气重的
recreation n.娱乐; 消遣; 游戏
nephew n.侄子; 外甥
candidate n.候选人; 应试者
episode n.（人生的）一段经历; （小说的）片段; 插曲
2.拓展单词
① qualified adj.符合资格; 具备……的知识（或技能、学历等）→ qualify v.使具备资格; 使合格; 取得资格（或学历）→ qualification n. 资格; 学历; 限制条件
② enthusiastic adj.热情的; 热心的→ enthusiasm n.热情; 热衷的事物→ enthusiast n.热心者; 爱好者
③ assign vt.分派; 布置; 分配→ assignment n.（分派的）工作; 任务
④ envy n. & vt. 羡慕; 妒忌→ enviable adj. 令人羡慕的; 引起忌妒的
⑤ abandon vt. 舍弃; 抛弃; 放弃→ abandoned adj.被遗弃的; 被抛弃的
⑥ belongings n.[pl.]财物; 动产→ belong v.属于
⑦ selfish adj.自私的→ selfishly adv.自私地→ selfishness n.自私
⑧ genuine adj.真正的; 真诚的; 可信赖的→ genuinely adv.真诚地; 诚实地
⑨ perseverance n.毅力; 韧性; 不屈不挠的精神→ persevere vi.坚持; 孜孜以求
⑩ resolve vi. & vt.决定; 决心; 解决（问题或困难）n.决心; 坚定的信念→ resolution n.决议; 解决; 坚定
thorough adj.深入的; 彻底的; 细致的→ thoroughly adv.彻底; 完全
cruel adj.残酷的; 残忍的; 冷酷的→ cruelty n.残忍; 残酷; 残暴
unfortunately adv. 不幸地; 遗憾地→ unfortunate adj.不幸的→ fortunate adj.幸运的→ fortunately adv.幸运地→ fortune n.运气; 机会; 大笔的钱
application n.申请; 请求; 应用→ apply v.申请; 涂; 敷; 应用→ applicant n.申请人
guidance n.指导; 引导; 导航→ guide vt.指导; 影响; 给……领路
advertising n.广告活动; 广告业→ advertise vt. & vi.公布; 宣传; 做广告→ advertisement n.广告; 启事
corporate adj.公司的; 法人的; 社团的→ corporation n.公司
rough adj.汹涌的; 粗糙的; 粗略的→ roughly adv.大约; 粗糙地; 粗暴地
loyal adj.忠诚的; 忠实的→ loyalty n.忠诚; 忠实; 忠心耿耿
commitment n.承诺; 保证; 奉献→ commit vt.承诺; 保证vi.忠于; 全心全意投入→ committed adj.尽心尽力的; 坚定的; 坚信的
Ⅱ. 短语搭配翻译
1.set off 出发; 使（炸弹等）爆炸; 激起
2.well and truly 完全地; 彻底地
3.make it 获得成功; 准时到达; 渡过难关
4.hold on 坚持住; 抓紧; 稍等
5.cheer up （使）变得高兴, 振奋起来
6.pretty well 相当好; 几乎; 差不多
7.at times 有时
8.be known as 作为……而出名
9.ahead of 在……之前
10.拒绝某人 turn sb. down
11.对……充满热情; 热衷于 be enthusiastic about
12.每况愈下 go from bad to worse
13.令某人惊讶的是 to one’s surprise
14.由……组成 consist of
15.保持情绪高昂 keep one’s spirits up
16.只要 as long as
17.报名参加 sign up for
18.生火 make fire
19.梦想做…… dream of…
20.放出（热、光、气味或气体） give off
Ⅲ. 教材原句翻译
1.是这样的, 有天早上, 我碰巧买了份报纸, 看到一则有关南极探险的广告。 Well, it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.
2.我们已经挣扎了数日, 但象岛上的情况却越发糟糕了。
We have been struggling for days, but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse.
3.你可不要变成另一个汤姆。
Don’t you go turning into another Tom.
4.要不是弗兰克和欧内斯特, 我们早就死了。
Without Frank and Ernest, we’d all be dead by now.
5.如果他们被耽搁了怎么办？
What if they were delayed
6.没有什么比一顿好饭和一些音乐更能让我们振作起来了。
There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up.
7.南极洲没有树木生长, 也没有石油, 因此我们唯一可用的燃料是动物脂肪。
There were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil, so the only fuel we could use was animal fat.
8.要不是这些海洋动物, 我们都得挨饿。
If it weren’t for sea animals, we would all starve.
9.当我们最终获救时, 我们如释重负, 喜极而泣。
When we were finally rescued, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears.
Ⅳ. 书面表达
1.结合本单元主题, 使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
1. 我的侄子小时候和他妈妈生活过得很苦。（nephew; miserable）
2. 尽管生活条件不好, 但他对生活还是充满了热情。（bitter; enthusiastic）
3. 他努力学习, 大学毕业后, 申请去一家广告公司工作。（advertising）
4. 幸运的是, 他的毅力、决心和对他人真诚的关心给公司的领导们留下了深刻的印象, 使他从其他申请者中脱颖而出。（perseverance; resolution; genuine）
When my nephew was young, he led a miserable life with his mother. Though their living conditions were bitter, he was enthusiastic about life. He studied hard and applied to work in an advertising company after graduation. Fortunately, his perseverance, resolution and genuine concern for others left a deep impression on the leaders of the company and made him stand out among all the applicants.
丰实底蕴·素养融通
说文解字
1. resolve v.决定; 决心; 解决（问题或困难）。前缀re-意为“重新, 再”, 词根“-solv”意为“松开”, 所以resolve 字面意思为“再松开”, 引申为“解决”之意。2. 前缀re-的基本意思是“back”, 由此又引申出“again”之意, 所以其经常表示“重新; 再”, 以re-为前缀的词还有rebuild （重建）, review（复习）, reunion（团圆; 重聚）等。词根-solv源自拉丁语, 意为“松开”, 以-solv为词根的词还有dissolve（溶; 消散）, absolve（宣告……无罪）等。
经典美句
1. Success consists of going from failure to failure without loss of enthusiasm.
成功就是不断失败而不失去热情。
2. Through perseverance many people achieved success out of what seemed destined to be certain failure.
通过坚持不懈, 许多人从似乎注定要失败的情形中取得了成功。
3. Adversity shows the genius, but prosperity conceals the genius.
逆境展示奇才, 顺境隐没英才。
4. Difficulties contain victory, while failure breeds success.
困难里包含着胜利, 失败里孕育着成功。
5. If you wish to succeed, you should use persistence as your good friend, experience as your reference, prudence as your brother and hope as your sentry. 如果你希望成功, 当以恒心为良友, 以经验为参谋, 以谨慎为兄弟, 以希望为哨兵。
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