资源简介

(共132张PPT)
UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
教材原文 HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE As teenagers grow up, they become more independent and start making their own decisions. However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits. These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead 教材译文
健康的生活方式需养成的习惯
青少年在成长过程中，会变得更加独立并且开始自己作决定。不过, 他们中的一些人在这期间容易养成坏习惯。如果放任不管，这些坏习惯，在他们成年后会导致更为严重的有害
教材原文 to more serious ones when they become adults. For example, some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse, which can lead to physical and mental health problems. To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life is essential. They must learn to 教材译文
习惯。例如，有些青少年可能会吸烟成瘾或酗酒, 造成生理和心理健康问题。防止此类的有害习惯主宰青少年的生活是至关重要的。他们必须学会及早发现坏习惯，并做出适当的改变。
续表
教材原文 recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes. To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts. There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle: “We are what we repeatedly do.” In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made. We make a choice to do 教材译文
改变坏习惯并非易事，即使三番五次地尝试。有一条基于亚里士多德哲学思想的名言：“重复的行为造就了我们。”在很多方面, 我们的生活方式是我们做出的选择的总和。我们选择做某事, 然后一遍又一遍地重复。很快，这种选择就变成了无意识的行为，
续表
教材原文 something, and then we repeat it over and over again. Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much harder to change. The good news is that we can change, if we understand how habits work. According to modern psychology, we must first learn about the “habit cycle”, which works like this： 教材译文
并会发展成一种更加难以改变的习惯。好消息是如果我们了解习惯是如何运作的，我们就能做出改变。
根据现代心理学, 首先我们必须了解“习惯环”。它的运作原理如下：
续表
教材原文 ●Firstly, there is a “cue”, an action, event, or situation that acts as a signal to do something. ●Secondly, there is a “routine”, the regular action you take in response to the cue. ●Thirdly, there is the “reward”, the good thing or feeling we get from the routine. 教材译文
●首先，有“提示”，即一个动作、事件或情况作为做某事的信号。
●其次, 形成“惯例”，即你响应提示采取的有规律的行动。
●第三，有“奖励”，即我们从惯例中得到的好处或感觉。
续表
教材原文 For example, when we feel unhappy (cue), we eat lots of unhealthy snacks (routine), which makes us feel happy (reward). The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed. To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine 教材译文
例如，当我们不开心时（提示），我们会吃很多不健康的零食（惯例），这会让我们感到快乐（奖励）。这种奖励使我们更有可能继续这一循环, 从而形成了依赖不健康零食的坏习惯。
为了促使我们坏习惯的积极改变，我们首先必须审视我
续表
教材原文 our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them. We can do this by combining the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas. For example, we could try to replace a negative routine with something more positive. So, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we could listen to some of 教材译文
们的坏习惯环，然后尝试去改变它们。通过将习惯环中的信息与我们自己的积极想法相结合，我们就可以改变这些习惯。例如, 我们可以试着用更积极的东西来取代消极惯例。所以, 当我们再次感到不开心时（提示），与其吃零食，不如听一些我们最喜欢的音乐
续表
教材原文 our favourite music instead (routine), which will make us feel relaxed (reward). Aside from changing bad habits, we can also use the habit cycle to create good habits. For example, when we come to an escalator (cue), our normal routine is to ride it, but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking 教材译文
（惯例），这会使我们感到放松（奖励）。除了改变坏习惯，我们也可以用习惯环来创造好习惯。例如，当我们遇到自动扶梯（提示）时，我们通常的做法是乘坐它，但我们可以通过爬楼梯来改变这种惯例，让它变成积极的事情。
我们中有许多人试图快速
续表
教材原文 the stairs instead. Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become pessimistic and give up. In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time. As the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote, “A journey 教材译文
改变坏习惯, 如果不能马上成功，我们往往会变得悲观并放弃。事实上, 最成功的改变不是一蹴而就的, 而是需要花费一段时间的。正如中国哲学家老子所说：“千里之行, 始于足下。”一步看似微小，却至关重要。为了达到改变的目的，一个人必须表现出一定的自
续表
教材原文 of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” One step seems small, but it is essential. To reach the goal of change, a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps. After all, it is not easy to break bad habits. For young people, there is plenty of time to change bad habits. 教材译文
制力，并不断小步前进。毕竟，改掉坏习惯并非易事。
对于年轻人来说，他们有足够的时间来改变坏习惯。然而，
续表
教材原文 However, there is no “magic pill” or delete button that will help you; you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes. You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits! 教材译文
并没有“灵丹妙药”或删除按钮可以帮助你；你必须思考你的坏习惯，然后下定决心做出一些改变。你有能力打造一个充满良好习惯、快乐而又健康的生活！
续表
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
1. ______________ / nd pend nt/ adj. 独立的；自主的；自治的→ ________________ / nd pend ntli/ adv. 独立地；自立地→ _______________ / nd pend ns/ n. 独立→ ____________ /d pend nt/adj. 依赖的；依靠的
independent
independently
independence
dependent
2. ___________ /'d m ne t/ vt. & vi. 支配；控制；占有优势→ domination / d m 'ne n/ n. 支配；控制
dominate
3. _____________ /r pi t dli/ adv. 重复地→ repeat /r pi t/ v. 重复→ repeated /r pi t d/ adj. 重复的
repeatedly
4. _____________ /sa k l d i/ n. 心理学；心理；心理影响→ psychological / sa k l d kl/ adj. 心理的→ psychologically / sa k l d k li/ adv. 心理上地；精神上地→ psychologist /sa k l d st/ n. 心理学家
psychology
5. _______ /r la / vi. 依赖；依靠；信赖→ reliable /r la bl/ adj. 可信赖的；可依靠的
rely
6. __________ / ɡ z m n/ vt. （仔细）检查；审查；测验→ examination / ɡ z m ne n/ n. 检查；审查；考试
examine
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1. become involved in ___________________
参与; 作为一部分
2. make a choice _________
做选择
3. prevent…from doing sth. _________________
阻止……做某事
4. act as _______________
充当; 起作用
5. rely on ___________________
依赖; 依靠; 信赖
6. aside from _____________
除……之外
7. 回答; 答复 _________________
in response to
8. 而不是 ______________
rather than
9. 立即; 马上 ________________
straight away
10. 决定; 选定 ____________
decide on
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 状语从句的省略
教材原句 These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. 如果放任不管, 这些坏习惯, 在他们成年后会导致更为严重的有害习惯。
中文例句 当你朝着你的目标努力时, 你要和积极乐观的人待在一起。
句式仿写 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Stay with positive people while working towards your
goals.
2.
句型公式 不定式作主语
教材原句 To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life is essential. 防止此类的有害习惯主宰青少年的生活是至关重要的。
中文例句 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。
句式仿写 _______________________________________________________
To finish the work within ten minutes is very hard.
3.
句型公式 much/a lot+形容词比较级
教材原句 Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much harder to change. 很快, 这种选择就变成了无意识的行为, 并会发展成一种更加难以改变的习惯。
中文例句 现在我感觉自信多了。
句式仿写 _____________________________________
Now, I feel much more confident.
Ⅰ. 文本理解
1. Reading for the main idea.
What’s the main idea of the text ( )
A. How the “habit cycle” works.
B. Why bad habits should be changed.
C. Forming good habits for a healthy lifestyle is beneficial to a teenager’s life.
D. There are no shortcuts to changing bad habits.
C
2. Reading for the structure.
Fill in the following blanks with proper words.
Part 1 (para.1) Main idea Reasons
Part 1 (para.1) Why bad habits should be changed. Bad habits can lead to 1.__________________and 2.______________health problems.
physical
mental
Part 2 (para. 2—para. 4) Main idea Reasons
Part 2 (para. 2—para. 4) How habits 3. _____________ ●Para. 2: How a choice can 4. ______________ a habit.
●Para. 3: How the “habit cycle”5. ____________and an example about it.
●Para. 4: How to 6. ______________ bad habits and 7. ______________ good ones.
are formed
lead to
works
change
create
续表
Part 3 (para. 5—para. 6) Main idea Reasons
Part 3(para. 5—para. 6) Habits should be changed gradually. Para. 5: Breaking bad habits is not easy. Para. 6: There are no 8.________________to changing bad habits.
shortcuts
续表
Reading for the details.
1. How can a teenager prevent bad habits from ruling his or her life ( )
A. By leaving them unchecked.
B. By being aware of bad habits and making proper changes.
C. By being more independent.
D. By talking to their parents and teachers.
B
2. Why does the author quote Aristotle’s words ( )
A. To show changing bad habits is never easy.
B. To imply that we always do useless things.
C. To tell us to make preparations in advance.
D. To tell us only we ourselves can dominate our life.
A
3. Which of the following is considered as the “reward” ( )
A. You decide to borrow two books from the city library.
B. You take a walk around the school in the morning.
C. You are willing to volunteer in your community this weekend.
D. You find yourself excited after a talk with your friend.
D
4. What is the author’s attitude to changing bad habits ( )
A. Objective. B. Skeptical.
C. Positive. D. Pessimistic.
C
Ⅱ. 难句突破
1. The good news is that we can change, if we understand how habits work.
【分析】 本句是一个主从复合句。其中that we can change为that引导的 ___________ , if we understand…为if引导的 _______________ , how habits work为how引导的 ___________。【译文】 ___________________________________________________________
表语从句
条件状语从句
宾语从句
好消息是如果我们了解习惯是如何运作的, 我们就能做出改变。
2. So, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine), which will make us feel relaxed (reward).
【分析】 本句是一个主从复合句。when we feel unhappy again为when引导的 ___________ 从句, which will make us feel relaxed为which引导的 ___________________ , 修饰整个主句的内容。
【译文】 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
时间状语
非限制性定语从句
所以, 当我们再次感到不开心时(提示), 与其吃零食, 不如听一些我们最喜欢的音乐(惯例), 这会使我们感到放松(奖励)。
Ⅲ. 概要写作
Step 1 Question Answering
根据课文内容回答下列问题。
1. What kind of bad habits do teenagers usually form
___________________________________________________________________
Teenagers tend to form bad habits like tobacco or alcohol abuse.
2. What damage can these bad habits do to teenagers
_________________________________________________
They can lead to physical and mental problems.
3. What should teenagers do to prevent these bad habits from dominating their life
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
To prevent these bad habits from dominating their life, they have to learn to recognize them and make proper changes.
4. What can help them to change
_______________________________________________
Understanding the “habit cycles” can help.
5. What should we do to change a bad habit
___________________________________________________________
We need to examine our bad habit cycles and change them.
6. Can we change the bad habits suddenly
_____________________________________________________________________________
We can’t change the bad habits suddenly but need to show some discipline.
Step 2 Sentence Rewriting
1. 用定语从句合并第1、2句。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Teenagers tend to form bad habits like tobacco or alcohol abuse, which can lead to physical and mental problems.
2. 用become aware of改写第3句。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
To prevent these bad habits from dominating their life, they have to become aware of them and make proper changes.
3. 用含主语从句的复合句改写第5句。
_____________________________________________________________________
What we need to do is examine our bad habit cycles and change them.
4. 用get rid of和all of a sudden改写第6句。
________________________________________________________________________________________
We can’t get rid of the bad habits all of a sudden but need to show some discipline.
Step 3 Summary Writing
1. 将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的文章概要。
______________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Teenagers tend to form bad habits like tobacco or alcohol abuse, which can lead to physical
and mental problems. To prevent these bad habits from dominating their life, they have to become aware of them and make proper changes. Much to our delight, understanding the “habit cycles” can help. What we need to do is examine our bad habit cycles and change them. However, we can’t get rid of the bad habits all of a sudden but need to show some discipline.
1. abuse n. 滥用；虐待；辱骂 vt. 滥用；虐待；辱骂
For example, some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse, which can lead to physical and mental health problems. 例如, 有些青少年会吸烟成瘾或酗酒, 造成生理和心理健康问题。（教材P14）
典例翻译
① The case has brought the problem of child abuse into focus.
_______________________________________
这个案子已使虐待儿童成为了焦点问题。
② Much of the crime in this area is related to drug abuse.
___________________________________
这一地区的许多犯罪都与吸毒有关。
③ Government officials shouldn’t abuse their powers.
___________________________
政府官员不应该滥用职权。
④ It is said that the journalists, who covered the case last week, have been threatened and abused.
_________________________________________________
据说，上周报道这个事件的记者遭到了恐吓和辱骂。
归纳拓展
（1）虐待儿童 ______________
酗酒/嗜毒 _____________________
（2）滥用职权 _____________________
child abuse
alcohol/drug abuse
abuse one’s power
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① He came to the help of another driver who was being racially _________ (abuse) by three white passengers.
abused
（2） 完成句子
② It is said that _________________________ （嗜毒和酗酒） contributed to Brian’s early death.
drug and alcohol abuse
③ He was accused of ___________________（虐待妻子） last week.
abusing his wife
2. in response to 回答；答复
Secondly, there is a “routine”, the regular action you take in response to the cue. 其次，形成“惯例”，即你响应提示采取的有规律的行动。（教材P14）
典例翻译
① With the help of his teammate, the operator made a quick response to the event.
_________________________________________________________
在他的队友的帮助下, 这个操作员对事件作出了快速的反应。
② They made no response to our call for help, which disappointed us.
___________________________________________
他们没有回应我们的求助，这让我们很失望。
③ During the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia disease, China rose up to the challenge and responded to it bravely.
___________________________________________________________________
在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情暴发期间，中国迎难而上, 勇敢应对此次挑战。
归纳拓展
（1）对……作出回应 ____________________________________
没有回应 ___________________
（2）v. 回答；作出反应 __________
回答; 对……作出回应 _____________
make a response to/in response to
make no response
respond
respond to
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① Knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly _____ emergencies.
to
（2） 完成句子
那个画家至今没有对这个问题作出回应。
② So far, the artist _______________________ the question. (respond)
has not responded to
③ So far, the artist __________________________ the question. (response)
has made no response to
④ So far, the artist has done nothing _________________ the question. (response)
in response to
3. reward n. 回报；奖励；报酬 vt. 奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
Thirdly, there is the “reward”, the good thing or feeling we get from the routine. 第三, 有“奖励”，即我们从惯例中得到的好处或感觉。（教材P14）
典例翻译
① The boss rewarded him with a trip to China for his contributions.
_________________________________________
因为他的贡献, 老板奖励他一次中国之旅。
② The soldier received a medal in reward for his bravery in fighting the forest fire that broke out in Liangshan, Sichuan Province.
___________________________________________________________________
这名战士因在爆发于四川凉山的森林大火中的英勇表现而获得了一枚奖章。
③ The company gave/offered a reward to him for his positive attitude.
___________________________________
公司因他积极的态度给予了他奖励。
④ There is really nothing more rewarding in the world than helping others live a happy life.
_____________________________________________________________
世界上真的没有什么事情比帮助别人过上幸福的生活更值得做了。
归纳拓展
（1）因(做)某事用某物奖励某人 _______________________________________
（2）作为（对……的）回报 __________________________________________
为某事而给某人奖励 ______________________________________
（3）adj. 有益的; 值得做的 ____________
reward sb. with sth. for (doing) sth.
in reward (for).../as a reward (for)...
give/offer a reward to sb. for sth.
rewarding
易错辨析
reward 作名词时，多指对某人工作的回报、报酬；作动词时，表示“奖励; 给以报酬”
prize 多指在比赛、竞赛或抽奖中得的奖
award 作名词时，多指官方颁发的奖品、奖项
A ＄100 reward has been offered for the return of the necklace. 已悬赏100美元寻找这条项链。
The Scottish girl with blue eyes won first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech contest.
这位蓝眼睛的苏格兰女孩在第五届汉语演讲比赛中获得一等奖。
His movie won several awards at the film festival.
他的电影在电影节上赢得了几个奖项。
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① [2020浙江7月] It is ____________(reward) to try new things.
rewarding
② The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded _______ success in the end.
with
（2） 单句写作
③ 作为通过考试的奖励, 她从父母那儿得到了一辆新自行车。
_________________________________________________________________________
As a reward for passing the exam, she got a new bike from her parents.
4. rely on 依赖；依靠；信赖
The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed. 这种奖励使我们更有可能继续这一循环, 从而形成了依赖不健康零食的坏习惯。（教材P15）
典例翻译
① Farmers can rely on ducks to protect their crops.
_________________________________
农民们可以依靠鸭子来保护庄稼。
② You may rely on it that she can achieve her ambition.
___________________________
你可以相信她能实现抱负。
③ Trains are safe, reliable, cheap and best for long-distance journeys.
___________________________________________
火车安全可靠、费用低廉, 最适宜长途旅行。
归纳拓展
（1）依赖/依靠某人做某事 _________________________
相信……；指望…… _____________________
（2）adj. 可依靠的；可信赖的 ___________
rely on sb./to do sth.
rely on it that...
reliable
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① We should rely on _____ that everything will go well.
it
② [2019北京] Some students don’t have a ___________ (rely) car, while others have to share vehicles with parents who work six days a week.
reliable
（2） 单句写作
③ 你可以相信我会为你保守秘密。
__________________________________________
You can rely on me to keep your secret.
5. decide on 决定；选定However, there is no “magic pill” or delete button that will help you; you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes. 然而, 并没有“灵丹妙药”或删除按钮可以帮助你; 你必须思考你的坏习惯, 然后下定决心做出一些改变。（教材P15）
典例翻译
① In the end, he decided on spending his summer holiday by the sea.
_____________________________
最后，他决定在海边过暑假。
② If you are determined to succeed, please grasp the opportunity offered by our company.
_______________________________________________
如果你决心要成功，请抓住我们公司提供的机会。
③ They decided/determined to move abroad and make a fresh start.
___________________________________
他们决定移居国外，开始新的生活。
④ Jane has made a decision to study abroad.
_________________________
简已经决定要出国留学。
归纳拓展
决定/决心做某事的其他常用表达： ___________________________ ； ______________________________ ； _____________________________； _________________________________ 。
be determined to do sth.
decide/determine to do sth.
make a decision to do sth.
make up one’s mind to do sth.
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① I don’t want to make the wrong ___________ (decide) and regret it later.
decision
② At today’s meeting, we are to discuss and decide _____ the most effective approach to the study of mathematics.
on
（2） 完成句子
③ Later Mrs Smith __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（决定买）this kind of cloth because she was told that the cloth washed very well.
decided to buy/decided on buying/made a decision to buy/determined to buy/was determined to buy/made up her mind to buy
6. make up one’s mind 下定决心
We need to make up our minds and show some discipline, and make small changes over time. 我们需要下定决心, 表现出一定的自制力, 并渐渐地作出一些小的改变。（教材P16）
典例翻译
① She made up her mind to pass down traditional Beijing Opera.
___________________________________
她下定决心要将传统京剧传承下去。
② So stubborn is the old man that he won’t change his mind whatever you say.
___________________________________________________
这个老人很固执, 不管你说什么他都不会改变主意的。
③ Remain true to our original aspiration and keep/bear our mission firmly in mind.
_______________________
不忘初心, 牢记使命。
④ Suddenly a logical thought came into my mind.
_________________________________
我突然有了一个合乎逻辑的想法。
归纳拓展
（1）下定决心做某事 _________________________________
（2）改变某人的主意 _____________________
（3）记住…… ____________________
（4）突然想起 ___________________________
使想起bring sth. to mind
make up one’s mind to do sth.
change one’s mind
come into/to one’s mind
keep/bear sth. in mind
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① We made up our mind ________ (go) to the country for our holiday.
to go
（2） 单句写作
② 这张照片让我想起了我的密友。
________________________________________________
The picture brought my close friends to mind.
③ 要记住，安全总是在第一位的。
_______________________________________________
Always keep in mind that safety comes first.
7. compose vt. & vi. 组成；作曲；撰写
Life is composed of many elements, such as family, friends, study, work, entertainment, and so on. 生活是由许多元素组成的, 如家庭、朋友、学习、工作、娱乐等。（教材P16）
典例翻译
① The China Greater Bay Area is composed of/is made up of/consists of nine cities in Guangdong Province as well as Hong Kong and Macao.
_________________________________________
中国大湾区由广东九市和香港、澳门组成。
② On a freezing day, the composer composed a very beautiful piece of music.
___________________________________________________________
在一个寒冷的日子里，这位作曲家创作了一首非常优美的曲子。
③ The journals contain accounts of literary composition.
_________________________________
这些期刊中有对文学创作的描述。
归纳拓展
（1）由……组成 _________________ = _____________ = ________________
（2）n. 作曲家；创作者 ___________
（3）composition n. 构成；作曲；创作
be composed of
consist of
be made up of
composer
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① He is a famous ___________ of pop music and _______________ more than 200 pieces of music already. (compose)
composer
has composed
② This is my favorite melody and it is one of Beethoven’s greatest ______________ (compose).
composition
（2） 一句多译
③ 这个委员会由十人组成。
_______________________________________ .
= ______________________________________ .
= ____________________________________ .
The committee is composed of ten men
The committee is made up of ten men
The committee consists of ten men
1. as 引导时间状语从句
As teenagers grow up, they become more independent and start making their own decisions. 青少年在成长过程中, 会变得更加独立并且开始自己作决定。（教材P14）
典例翻译
① As I waited for the bus at the stop, I heard the news that the annual dragon boat race would be held the next month.
___________________________________________________________________________________
当我在车站等公交车的时候，我听到一则新闻——一年一度的赛龙舟比赛将在下个月举行。
② Her eyesight was failing as she grew older.
_________________________________
她的视力随着年龄的增长而衰退。
③ With time going by, I developed a preference for sports.
___________________________________
随着时间的流逝，我开始喜欢运动。
归纳拓展
（1）as 引导时间状语从句时, 意为“ ___________________ ”，多强调主句和从句中的动作同时发生，从句可放在主句前也可放在主句后。
（2）随着时间的流逝 _____________________________________
当……时候；随着
as time goes by/with time going by
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① As the population ____________(increase), more land is needed.
increases
② With the population _____________(increase), more land is needed.
increasing
（2） 句型转换
③ We all have to accept that as we get older, our reactions slow down.
_____________________________________________________________________________
We all have to accept that with us getting older, our reactions slow down.
2. 状语从句的省略
These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. 如果放任不管, 这些坏习惯，在他们成年后会导致更为严重的有害习惯。（教材P14）
典例翻译
① When (she was) asked the meaning of “green with envy”, she smiled.
_______________________________________
当被问到“柠檬精”的意思时，她笑了。
② Even if (I am) invited, I won’t go to his birthday party.
_____________________________________________
即使被邀请了，我也不会去参加他的生日聚会。
③ If (it is) necessary, I’ll come tomorrow.
___________________________
如果有必要，我明天会来。
归纳拓展
（1）在时间、地点、条件、方式和让步状语从句中, 如果主从句的_______ 一致，且从句的谓语动词还有_____动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be 动词。
（2）当从句的主语是_____，从句的谓语中又含有_____动词时，可以省略从句中的it和be动词。
主语
be
it
be
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① The medicine is quite effective if ________ (take) on time.
taken
② [2020天津] Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while __________ (cook).
cooking
（2） 完成句子
③ ______________（如果可能）, I’ll learn to carve.
If possible
④ It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. ________（如果这样）, we’d better take it to the garage immediately.
If so
3. rather than连接两个并列成分
So, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine), which will make us feel relaxed (reward). （教材P15）
所以，当我们再次感到不开心时（提示），与其吃零食, 不如听一些我们最喜欢的音乐（惯例），这会使我们感到放松（奖励）。
典例翻译
① He would rather die than give in.
_______________________
他宁愿死也不愿投降。
② He decided to study further rather than work.
_____________________________
他决定继续深造而不是工作。
③ It is what you do rather than what you say that matters.
_____________________________________
重要的是你所做的，而不是你所说的。
④ We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the hall.
_________________________________
我们是在教室开会，不是在大厅。
⑤ John, rather than his roommates, is to blame.
_________________________________________
是约翰，而不是他的室友, 应该受到责备。
归纳拓展
（1）rather than 与would 连用时，构成would rather... than... 结构，意为 _____________________ ，表示主观愿望。
（2）rather than不与would连用时，表示客观事实，意为___________________ ，连接两个并列成分，如名词、代词、形容词、_________、动词-ing形式、___________、分句等。
（3）rather than 连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的成分在人称和数上保持一致，遵循___________。有相同用法的还有 as well as， together with，with等。
宁愿……而不愿……
是……而不是……
不定式
介词短语
就远原则
（4）rather than 连接两个不定式时，后一个常省略to，当rather than 位于句首时，后常跟不带to 的动词不定式。
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① What we expect from you is working hard rather than hardly __________ (work).
working
② Rather than ________(allow) the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price.
allow
（2） 单句写作
③ 是你而不是我要去野营。
_______________________________________
You rather than I are going camping.
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1. The government imposed a ban on __________（烟草） advertising.
tobacco
2. A decision made by a person who is under the influence of __________（酒精） is generally not very good.
alcohol
3. Those who love animals hold the view that animal ________（虐待） needs to be taken seriously.
abuse
4. [2020江苏徐州期中] The center has a strong team which consists of top medical experts in _____________（心理学）.
psychology
5. Take the ____________ （自动扶梯） to the third floor and the entry of the last office is on the left.
escalator
6. [2020浙江嘉兴一中月考] With children, it is important to achieve the right balance between love and _____________ （纪律）.
discipline
7. The new airport will _____________（促进） the development of tourism.
facilitate
8. They appeared surprisingly ______________ （悲观的）about their chances of winning.
pessimistic
9. The crisis had a ___________（消极的） effect on trade.
negative
10. The actors not performing sit at the side of the stage in full view, waiting for their _______ （提示）.
cues
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
in response to; decide on; rely on; straight away; over and over again; make up one’s mind; be composed of; be involved in; come up with; aside from
1. _____________ being fun, swimming is an important fitness activity.
Aside from
2. On hearing the news, the doctor rushed to the disaster area ________________ to treat the patients.
straight away
3. You may __________ it that he will come to see you.
rely on
4. We must ____________a fit place for the meeting.
decide on
5. The manager has already _______________a suitable solution.
come up with
6. He contributed one hundred dollars to the charity _________________ my request.
in response to
7. When taking a test, you’d better check your paper ______________________ so that you might reduce the mistakes.
over and over again
8. Moved by the lovely children, he ___________________to donate more money to the homeless.
made up his mind
9. I’m very afraid that your son may _________________ the crime.
be involved in
10. Water _________________ hydrogen and oxygen.
is composed of
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
With teenagers growing up, 1.______can be easy for some to form bad habits. For example, some of them may become 2.________ (involve) in tobacco or alcohol abuse. If 3.________ (leave) unchecked, these bad habits could lead to more serious ones. To change harmful habits, teenagers must learn to understand how habits work-the “habit cycle”. Then adapt the bad habit cycles by combining the information from our habit cycles 4.______our own positive ideas. Don’t try to change bad habits quickly, for the most successful way to change is over a period of time. As the Chinese
it
involved
left
with
philosopher Lao Zi 5. ________(write), “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.”6. __________(reach) the goal of change, a person must show some discipline and 7. __________ (repeat) take many small steps.
The good news is 8.__________ there is plenty of time for young people to change bad habits. However, there is no “magic pill” and you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some 9.__________ (change). You have the power to build a happy and 10. __________ (health) life that is full of good habits!
wrote
To reach
repeatedly
that
changes
healthy
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Having grown not only _____________ (physical) but also mentally in the past few years, I am beyond recognition in the photo.
physically
2. Our travel agency is ___________ (rely), and we try to describe our centers as realistically as possible.
reliable
3. [2019天津] Food webs may _______________ (dominate) by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term.
be dominated
4. My parents have _____________ (repeat) stressed that social education is the key to success in the future.
repeatedly
5. The number of “likes” and “followers” cannot compare to having long-term and ____________ (reward) friendships.
rewarding
6. It is generally recognized that education shouldn’t be measured only by ______________ (examine) results.
examination
7. So far, the new policy has ______________ (facilitate) the development of our plan.
facilitated
8. Many young people volunteered to work in remote mountainous areas in ___________ (respond) to the call of the country.
response
Ⅱ. 同义替换
rely on; straight away; facilitate; aside from; make up one’s mind; be composed of; rather than; come up with
1. Babies depend entirely on others for food. __________
rely on
2. I told him what I though，at of the matter at once. ________________
straight away
3. We’ve been asked to think of some new ideas. __________t _______
come up
with
4. In the poetry competition, apart from Hass, there are four other competitors. _____________
aside from
5. He is determined to overcome_____ his shortcomings. ____________________
wi
makes up his mind
6. The committee is made up of representatives from every state. _________________
is composed of
7. The new trade agreement shouldhis promote more rapid economic growth. _____________
facilitate
8. I think you’d better call it a lecture inprstead of a talk. ______________
rather than
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 如果Cindy的作品在这次展览会上展出，我肯定它们会备受好评。（状语从句的省略）
_________________________________ , the works of Cindy, I’m sure, will be widely acclaimed.
If exhibited in the exhibition
2. 除了这两本书外，他还写了一些剧本和电影剧本。（aside from）
_____________________________ , his has written some plays and film scripts.
Aside from these two books
3. 我宁愿早开始也不愿把所有的事情都留到最后。 （rather than）
I prefer to start early __________________________________________________ .
rather than leave everything to the last minute
4. 随着她获得了一流厨师的声誉，越来越多的崇拜者慕名而来。（as引导时间状语从句）
_________________________________ as a first-class cook, there were more and more admirers coming to the restaurant.
As she acquired the reputation
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
[2020全国新高考Ⅰ] According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the
researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly（表面上）participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they
normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test：the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we’re making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll
have what she’s having” effect. However, we’ll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I
1. What is the recent study mainly about ( )
A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership.
C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior.
D
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项关于就餐同伴会影响人们食物摄取量的研究，结果表明“我跟着她吃”的影响的确存在，但人们也会根据自身对他人的看法有所调整。
【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第一段第一句“According to a recent study…can influence our food intake.” 可知，《消费者研究杂志》最近的一项研究显示，我们的饮食同伴的体型和消费习惯都会影响我们的饮食，这表明这项最新研究主要是关于饮食行为的。
2. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to ( )
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons.
C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.
D
[解析] 【命题立意】词义猜测题。【解题思路】根据第一段第二句“And contrary to existing…you really need to avoid.”可知，现行的研究宣称, 你应该避免和吃得多且发福的人一起吃饭，这项研究与之相反，你真正需要避免的是那些食欲大的人。此处的beanpoles 意思应与 heavier people相反，故D项“高而瘦的人”与之意义最接近。
3. Why did the researchers hire the actor ( )
A. To see how she would affect the participants.
B. To test if the participants could recognize her.
C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D. To study why she could keep her weight down.
A
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段第一句“To test the effect of social influence on…”及第四句“An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.”可知，研究者雇用这位演员是为了观察她的饮食行为是如何影响这些参与者的。
4. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph ( )
A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be.
C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food.
C
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据最后一段最后两句“But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I ”可知，如果一个瘦的人吃得多，“我”也会这么做。如果他可以在吃得多的同时保持苗条，“我”为什么不能？这说明我们是靠观察别人的行为来调整自己所受的外来影响的。
深度解析
词汇积累
1. consumption n. （能量、食物或材料的）消耗；消耗量 2. contrary to 与……相反 3. undergraduate n. 本科生 4. individually adv. 分别地；单独地 5. version n. 版本 6. perceive v. 注意到；认为
难句分析
原句: And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份），it’s
the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. 现有的研究宣称，你应该避免和吃得多且发福的人一起吃饭，实际上恰恰相反，你需要避免的是跟大胃口而且又高又瘦的人一起进餐。
分析：本句是主从复合句。contrary to existing.. . large portions是形容词短语作状语；it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid是主干。that says. . . large portions为定语从句，修饰先行词research，其中包括who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people; you reallyneed to avoid是定语从句，修饰beanpoles。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
[2020山东六地市部分学校高三月考] Have you seen people who take pictures of food for more than 10 minutes before eating My friend Stella is such an example. Every time we went to a restaurant, she would not take a bite until all the dishes we 1 were on the table. Then she would spend five minutes in 2 the dishes seemingly at random but in fact 3 order. Then the most important part: taking pictures. After that, she would choose one of the 4 and click in the filter（滤镜）app. The food eventually looked 10 times more delicious than it really was,
but we had no 5 to really enjoy it-it all went cold. Actually Stella’s real life is much less elegant. For example, she hates to wash the dishes, so she leaves them in the sink for days.
Many people care too much about others’ opinions and try too hard to 6 others. They find it hard to be 7 and to accept themselves, and thus they are afraid to show their 8 life on social media. What they are trying to prove is 9 what they lack in reality. But this will not bring any 10 to reality, as they still 11 the same old
pattern of life.
If they really want an elegant life, they should put more 12 into achieving it 13 fabricating （伪造） it. Being more confident, 14 themselves and trying their best to be better are much more meaningful than 15 their life on social media.
1. ( )A. ordered B. served C. offered D. prepared
A
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文。文章以朋友总是饭前拍照发到社交媒体上导入，最后得出结论，要想过上真正优雅的生活，需要自己创造而不是伪造。
根据上文的restaurant可知，此处指在餐馆点菜。
2. ( )A. cooking B. washing C. setting D. collecting
C
[解析] 此处指她会花五分钟的时间用一种看似随意的方式去摆放盘子。set放；置。
3. ( )A. messy B. arranged C. casual D. missing
B
[解析] 此处指将菜按顺序排列。arrange安排。
4. ( )A. dishes B. restaurants C. tables D. pictures
D
[解析] 根据上文taking pictures 可知，此处是指朋友选取照片中的一张。
5. ( )A. chance B. choice C. excuse D. reason
A
[解析] 根据下文的it all went cold 可知，刻意放置好的食物看起来比它本来的样子要美味十倍，但是他们已经没有机会享用了。
6. ( )A. comfort B. please C. inspire D. discourage
B
[解析] 根据上文 Many people care too much about others’ opinions 可知，此处表示许多人太在意别人的看法而努力去取悦别人。
7. ( )A. independent B. generous
C. responsible D. confident
D
[解析] 此处指他们发现很难变得自信并且接受自己。confident自信的。
8. ( )A. real B. secret C. peaceful D. healthy
A
[解析] 根据上文可知，此处表示他们害怕在社交媒体上展示自己的真实生活。
9. ( )A. rarely B. hardly C. exactly D. nearly
C
[解析] 句意：他们想要证明的恰恰是他们在现实中所缺乏的。exactly确切地。
10. ( )A. difficulty B. change
C. guidance D. harm
B
[解析] 根据下文 the same old pattern of life 可知，此处表示这样并不会带来任何变化。
11. ( )A. question B. dislike
C. doubt D. follow
D
[解析] 根据下文 pattern of life 可知搭配动词follow“遵循”。
12. ( )A. effort B. ambitions C. feelings D. money
A
[解析] . 此处指如果他们真的想过优雅的生活，那么他们应该付出更多的努力去实现它。
13. ( )A. other than B. more than
C. rather than D. less than
C
[解析] 句意：如果他们真的想过优雅的生活，那么他们就应该付出更多的努力去实现它，而不是伪造它。rather than而不是。
14. ( )A. identifying B. accepting
C. persuading D. amusing
B
[解析] 句意：更自信, 接受自己，尽自己最大的努力变得更好，这比在社交媒体上美化自己的生活更有意义。
15. ( )A. simplifying B. ruining
C. beautifying D. worsening
C
[解析] 句意见上题。beautify美化；使变美丽。
深度解析
词汇积累
1. random adj. 随机的；任意的 2. sink n. 洗碗槽 3. elegant adj. 优美的；文雅的
Ⅲ. 语法填空
[2018课标全国Ⅰ] According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 1. (long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 2. (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 3. (die) early by running.
longer
to see
dying
While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 4. (be) more effective at lengthening life 5. .walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 6. showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7. (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise…it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run
is
than
that/which
causes
on soft surfaces, do exercises to 8. (strength) your leg muscles(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 9. (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 10. a try.
strengthen
energetic
running/it
1. _________
longer
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章介绍了跑步对人们保持身体健康的好处。
考查副词比较级。 根据题干中的than可知设空处需用副词比较级形式，故填longer。
2. _________
to see
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。由句意可知，此处在句中作目的状语，主语you 与动词see为主动关系，故填不定式的主动形式to see。
3. ________
dying
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。介词of后需用动名词形式作宾语，根据提示词die 可知设空处填 dying。
4. _____
is
[解析] 考查主谓一致和时态。设空处所在从句被用来介绍一种理论，需用一般现在时；再根据主语it及提示词be可知设空处填is。
5. _______
than
[解析] 考查介词。根据题干中的“more effective”可知设空处需填介词than。
6. _____________
that/which
[解析] 考查定语从句。从句缺主语且先行词为study，指“物”，故填that或which。
7. _________
causes
[解析] 考查名词的“数”。cause 作“原因”讲，为可数名词；根据设空处前的all 可知设空处填名词复数形式，故填causes。
8. _____________
strengthen
[解析] 考查词性变换。设空处作目的状语，需用不定式形式，故在不定式符号to后填动词原形 strengthen。
9. ____________
energetic
[解析] 考查词性变换。设空处作表语，表示主语的特征，故填形容词 energetic。
10. _____________
running/it
[解析] 考查名词或代词。设空处作give的宾语，需填名词或代词，因此直接填 running作宾语或用it代替上文中的running。(共52张PPT)
UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
教材链接
（1）（教材P14）However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits.
（2）（教材P14）To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts.
（3）（教材P15）After all, it is not easy to break bad habits.
（4）（教材P16）Changing a bad habit is difficult, and it is easy to make excuses and give up.
观察上面句子，动词不定式在这些句子中作的是_______；it 在句中为___________ 。
形式主语
主语
要点精析
动词不定式作主语时，相当于名词或代词的作用，一般表示具体的、一次性的动作。
1. 单个不定式作主语时，谓语动词通常用第三人称单数形式。两个或两个以上的不定式作主语时，若语意基本一致或不定式作为一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若语意不一致，则用复数。
To get enough protein each day is beneficial to our health. 每天摄取足够的蛋白质对我们的健康有益。
To love and to be loved is sweet to us. 爱和被爱对我们来说都是甜蜜的。
To improve people’s lives and to speed up social construction are two important tasks. 改善人们的生活和加快社会建设是两项重要任务。
2. 动词不定式作主语时，若不定式太长，为避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，将真正的主语置于后面。
It is impossible to rely on your parents all your life.
你不可能一辈子都依靠你的父母。
It is essential to reserve a table in advance of festivals. 在节日前预订桌位是有必要的。
3. 常用句型
（1）It is+adj.+（for/of sb.） to do sth.
如果形容词表示的是不定式的逻辑主语的性质、身份、特点，如careless, clever, good, kind, foolish, honest, lazy, nice, silly, wise等，用介词of。
如果形容词表示的是事物或行为的特点或性质，如difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary, inconvenient, essential 等，用介词for。
It is impolite of you to disturb others. 打扰他人是不礼貌的。
It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. 在十五分钟内写完这个作文对我们来说太难了。
（2）It is+n.+to do sth. 做某事是……
It is a hard task to change long habits in a short time.
要在短时间内改掉长期养成的习惯是一项艰巨的任务。
It is a doctor’s duty to heal the wounded and rescue the dying. 救死扶伤是医生的职责。
（3）It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
It takes us nine years to build the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. 建造港珠澳大桥花费了我们9年的时间。
It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday. 昨天我做作业用了一个多小时。
实战演练
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. [2020课标全国Ⅲ] It is traditional___________ (bring) a gift to a housewarming party.
to bring
2. [2020课标全国Ⅲ] It’s hard __________ (tell) exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time.
to tell
3. [2020江苏] The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise __________ (skip) eating first.
to skip
4. [2019课标全国Ⅰ] It is difficult ____________ (figure) out a global population of polar bears.
to figure
5. [2019天津] Then we will know how important_____ is to have meaning in our life.
it
6. Coming out of this experience, I realize it’s OK ________ (be) different from others.
to be
7. It was impolite _____ you to speak to an outstanding teacher like this.
of
8. It took years of work ____________ (reduce)the industrial pollution and clean the water.
to reduce
9. It’s very important ______the new comers to study some rules.
for
10. To lose heart ________(mean) failure.
means
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. 我认为你问面试会持续多久是不礼貌的。(impolite)
I think_______________________________ how long the interview will last.
it is impolite of you to ask
2. 她花了一个多小时的时间来分析这些有助于她写研究报告的数据。(analyze)
____________________________________________________ which helped her write research reports.
It took her more than an hour to analyze the data
3. 事实上，一开始就进行太多的锻炼对你的身体健康是有害的。（不定式作主语）
Actually , _____________________________________ bad for your physical health.
to start with too much exercise is
4. 汤姆很固执，所以你要说服他改变主意是很不容易的。(persuade sb. to do sth. ; change one’s mind)
Tom is stubborn, so ______________________________________________________________.
it’s not easy for you to persuade him to change his mind
5. 那位老人无私地把食物送给街上无家可归的人。(selfless; give away)
__________________________________________________ to the homeless in the street.
It’s selfless of the old man to give away food
6. 父亲批评了我并告诉我捉弄别人是错误的。(play tricks on sb.)
Father criticized me and told me ________________________________________.
it was wrong to play tricks on others
7. 成为一名专业的运动员不容易，需要日复一日的坚持。（不定式作主语）
___________________________________________and it needs persistence day in and day out.
To be a professional athlete is not easy
8. 无人驾驶汽车什么时候能够在道路上随处可见，这是很难预测的。（it作形式主语）
________________________when driverless cars will be seen everywhere on the roads.
It is hard to predict
9. 对于外国人来说，能够自由使用筷子不是一件容易的事。(it is+n.+to do sth.)
____________________________________________________chopsticks freely.
It is not an easy thing for the foreigners to use
10. 如今，很多人意识到教给孩子书写技巧是很有必要的。（it作形式主语）
Nowadays, many people realize ____________________________________the skill of handwriting.
it is necessary to teach children
基础达标练
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. We firmly support the Asian, African and Latin American people in their struggle for _____________ (liberate).
liberation
2. A _____________ (disturb) thought crossed my mind.
disturbing
3. If you have a specific problem that requires special skills, you need to hire a _____________ (special) who has those skills.
specialist
4. I know how busy you must be and naturally I wouldn’t want to take_____too much of your time.
up
5. For the sake of your health, you should keep taking exercise and cut ______ all fatty foods and sugary drinks.
out
6. If you have any problems, please get in touch with an experienced _____________ (consult).
consultant
7. It is said that more than ten ___________ (surgeon) are needed in the new hospital.
surgeons
8. Looking around, they saw a man with a little girl ___________ (skip) along behind him.
skipping
9. Reporters should stick to ________________ (investigate) the facts.
investigating
10. _________(simple) speaking, a black hole is what’s left after a large star dies.
Simply
11. It might be a good idea ___________ (shave) off your beard before going to the company for the interview.
to shave
12. He went out to buy a packet of_____________ (cigarette).
cigarettes
13. A car was coming towards the girl quickly and she was too frightened by the sight __________ (move).
to move
14. In such an urgent situation, Tom had no choice but to turn _____ the stranger for help.
to
15. Beethoven is the most famous classical ___________ (compose) of the Western world.
composer
Ⅱ. 句型转换
1. To drive a car without a driver’s license is illegal for you. （it 作形式主语）
_______________________________________ without a driver’s license.
It is illegal for you to drive a car
2. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces. （不定式作主语）
_____________________________________ is not really a good idea.
To use too many small color pieces
3. Without motivation, you can’t set a goal or reach it. (neither…nor…)
Without motivation, you can__________________________________.
neither set a goal nor reach it
4. If you can learn to use time wisely, you can make the most of each day. （祈使句+and+陈述句）
___________________________ , and you can make the most of each day.
Learn to use time wisely
5. I know where I can find that young man. （疑问词+不定式）
I know________________ that young man.
where to find
6. John is still too young and hasn’t realized that there is a connection between education and his future. (too…to…)
John is still _______________________that there is a connection between education and his future.
too young to realize
7. One bitter morning, the little boy came about an hour late and screamed with pain. （非谓语动词作状语）
One bitter morning, the little boy came about an hour late, ______________________ .
screaming with pain
8. With such a busy life, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. （不定式作主语）
With such a busy life, _______________________________________ can be hard .
to try and find the time to work out
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 只要有目标，任何时候开始学习都不会太迟。(too…to…)
________________________________ as long as the goal is set up.
It’s never too late to learn
2. 房间里放了一张新桌子，但它有点大，占了太多的地方。(take up)
A new table was placed in the room but it was a little big and ________________________ .
took up too much room
3. 很明显删去这部分不会损害故事的连续性。(cut out)
It is obvious that this part can_____________ without harming the continuity of the story.
be cut out
4. 下定决心要赢的人永远不会说“不可能”。(make up one’s mind)
The man __________________________________ will never say “impossible”.
who has made up his mind to win
5. 昨天，他查阅了字典中有关表达的解释。(consult a dictionary)
He_________________________about the explanation of the expression yesterday.
consulted a dictionary
素养综合练
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
[2020江西临川一中检测] Pang Hui placed a few more pairs of chopsticks on the table for a family dinner, though she did not expect her big family of seven would use them as serving chopsticks.
Surprisingly, her 75-year-old father, who used to shrug off the idea of serving chopsticks, became a firm supporter this time, said Pang, 40, from Beihai, a coastal city of South China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
Chinese people often share dishes, and diners use their own chopsticks to serve themselves food from the shared dishes, a tradition now being challenged by the outbreak of COVID-19.
“We feel a sense of crisis as well as the urge to desert our old habits when we see reports of family cluster infection,” Pang said, pointing to the reports of the virus spreading via close contact.
Local governments are helping to encourage a shift, too. On Feb.13， 2020，local authorities of Beihai started a campaign
promoting serving chopsticks and spoons, which would avoid cross- infection caused by the use of personal chopsticks.
Similar measures were also adopted in other cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Hangzhou. Taizhou in East China’s Jiangsu Province even standardized the designs of serving chopsticks and spoons to help diners differentiate （区分） them from personal ones.
The practice of eating wild animals has been targeted by the government, which remains present in certain areas. China stopped
the illegal trading and transportation of wild animals shortly after the outbreak. The move became a permanent ban on Feb. 24, 2020, when the country made a country made a decision on thoroughly prohibiting the illegal trading of wildlife and the consumption of wild animals.
Li Bo, with the Hainan International Center for Wildlife Protection, said that wild animal consumption could lead to the faster extinction of particular species, damage the ecological balance and harm people’s health. “The epidemic （流行病） could become a turning point in the effort to eliminate the bad habit,” Li said.
1. What can we learn about Pang Hui’s family from the text ( )
A. There are usually more than seven people dining together.
B. They have started to use serving chopsticks at table.
C. Pang Hui’s father opposes using serving chopsticks.
D. They don’t know how to avoid being infected with the virus.
B
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情让大家意识到传统的家庭用餐方式可导致病毒传播。另外，各地政府主张使用公筷，并且禁止食用、买卖或运输野生动物。
【命题立意】细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据文章第一段的内容以及第二段中的“Surprisingly, her…became a firm supporter this time”可知，他们一家已经开始使用公筷，故选B。
2. According to the text, what has been done by the government ( )
A. The tradition of sharing dishes has been abandoned.
B. Cross-infection has been prevented.
C. Eating wild animals has been forbidden.
D. Standard personal chopsticks have been adopted.
C
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据文章倒数第二段的内容可知，政府已禁止食用野生动物，故选C。
3. What does the underlined word “eliminate” in the last paragraph probably mean ( )
A. Explain. B. Discover. C. Form. D. Remove.
D
[解析] 【命题立意】词义猜测题。
【解题思路】根据最后一段中的“Li Bo…said that wild animal consumption could lead to the faster extinction of particular species, damage the ecological balance and harm people’s health.”可知，Li Bo认为食用野生动物会加速某些物种的灭绝，破坏生态平衡以及损害人们的健康，希望通过这次疫情能禁止人们食用野生动物。由此可以推断出画线词所在句表示“这次流行病可能成为消除这个坏习惯的转折点”，故选D。
4. What can be the best title for the text ( )
A. Serving Chopsticks Promoted
B. Ways to Help People Stay Healthy
C. The Outbreak of COVID-19 Leads to Changes
D. China Bans Trading in Wildlife
C
[解析] 【命题立意】主旨大意题。
【解题思路】本文主要讲述新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情让大家意识到传统的家庭用餐方式可导致病毒传播。另外，各地政府主张使用公筷，并且禁止食用野生动物。由此可知文章的主题就是新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情暴发带来的变化，故选C。
深度解析
词汇积累
1. shrug off 对……不予理睬 2. crisis n. 危机 3. desert vt. 抛弃；舍弃 4. target vt. 把……作为攻击目标；把……作为批评的对象 5. prohibit vt. 禁止 6. extinction n. 灭绝；消亡
Ⅱ. 语法填空
[2020安徽界首高二期末] A
Food waste is one of the greatest 1.________________ (challenge) of our time, and fruit and vegetables are 2._________________(especial) problematic, as about 52% of them go bad before reaching consumers. But one Malaysian company has come up 3.___________ a simple solution to this problem-a tiny sticker that keeps fruit from going bad for up to weeks.
You’ve probably seen stickers on fruit before, but not like the ones 4.______________(create) by the Malaysian company. Those
challenges
especially
with
created
common stickers are used only to provide consumers with information about the growers and how the fruit was grown, but Stixfresh has 5._________ completely different purpose. It 6.______________(contain) something special and all-natural that slows down the ripening （成熟）process, keeping the fruit fresh and juicy for much 7.____________ (long).
The Stixfresh founder Zhafri Zainudin said that he thought of the idea for the stickers after visiting a friend 8.___________ ran a fruit store. The man was worried about losing money every day because of bad fruit, but he knew that there was no way to
a
contains
longer
who/that
stop nature from taking 9.___________ (it) course. The Malaysian businessman worked with many universities 10._______________(develop) and test his sticker.
At first, Stixfresh stickers were only used to lengthen the shelf life of mangoes, but the company later worked on other fruits, like the dragon fruit, the star fruit, apples and pears.
its
to develop
1. _____________
challenges
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一家马来西亚公司用一个小贴纸让水果在几周内不变质。
考查名词复数。one of 后面用可数名词复数形式。
2. _____________
especially
[解析] 考查副词。修饰形容词problematic需要用副词形式。
3. _______
with
[解析] 考查介词。come up with提出，为固定短语。
4. __________
created
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。根据by可知表被动，这里用过去分词短语作定语，修饰代词ones。
5. ____
a
[解析] 考查冠词。此处用不定冠词表泛指，意为“一，一个”。
6. ___________
contains
[解析] 考查动词时态及主谓一致。 根据上下文可知，此处是一般现在时，且主语It是单数，所以填contains。
7. _________
longer
[解析] 考查形容词比较级。根据空前的much可知，此处用比较级。
8. ___________
who/that
[解析] 考查定语从句关系词。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a friend，指代人，在从句中作主语。
9. ______
its
[解析] 考查代词。此处用形容词性物主代词修饰名词course。
10. _____________
to develop
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。 此处用动词不定式作目的状语。
[2020山西运城高二期末调研测试] B
Organic food is very popular these days, but can also be very expensive. Parents of young children, and even some pet owners, will pay high prices 1.__________organic food. But many others think organic food is just 2._________waste of money.
There is one main 3._________________(differ) between organic and non-organic food. Organic farms do not use agricultural chemicals such as pesticides that stop insects from damaging crops.
for
a
difference
In many 4。________________(country), foods that are claimed to be organic must have special labels that guarantee they 5.________________(grow) organically.
Some people think organic food also means “locally grown”, and 6._________________(original) this was true. At first, only small companies produced these products. But later, big food companies also began selling organic products.
Small organic food companies found it difficult 7.__________________ (compete) with these big companies,
countries
are grown
originally
to compete
and many didn’t stay in business much 8._____________ (long).
Many farmers and consumers believe organic food is safer and more nutritious. They think agricultural chemicals can cause serious illnesses like cancer, 9.___________ there isn’t much evidence proving this is true. However, recent studies have shown that eating organically-grown products 10.____________ (reduce) your chances of developing heart disease. Therefore, we should be “better safe than sorry” when it comes to what we eat.
but
reduces
longer
1. ______
for
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文，文章说明了有机食品对人们的身体健康是有益处的。
考查介词。 固定短语pay…for sth. 为……付(款)。
2. ____
a
[解析] 考查冠词。固定短语a waste of…浪费……。
3. _____________
difference
[解析] 考查名词。根据空前的one可知，此处用可数名词单数。
4. ____________
countries
[解析] 考查名词复数。根据many可知，此处用可数名词复数。
5. ____________
are grown
[解析] 考查动词的时态和语态。此处指食物被种植，用一般现在时的被动语态。
6. _____________
originally
[解析] 考查副词。此处修饰句子this was true，需要用副词形式。
7. _____________
to compete
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。前面有形式宾语it，此处是动词不定式短语作真正的宾语。
8. _________
longer
[解析] 考查副词比较级。根据空前的much可知，此处用比较级。
9. ______
but
[解析] 考查连词。两个分句为转折关系，应用but连接。
10. __________
reduces
[解析] 考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，从句主语是动名词短语 eating organically-grown products，动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。(共110张PPT)
UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Section Ⅲ Using Language
Ⅰ. 词汇拓展
1. ____________ / st mjule t/vt. 激发；促进；刺激→ ______________ / st mju le n/n. 刺激
stimulate
stimulation
2. _________ / ɡ ri/adj. 含糖的；甜的→ ________ / ɡ (r)/n. 糖；食糖
sugary
sugar
3. _________ / k m di/n. 喜剧；喜剧片；滑稽节目→ ___________/k mi di n/n. 滑稽演员
comedy
comedian
4. __________/ m nθli/adv. & adj. 每月；每月一次的 n. 月刊→ ________/m nθ/n. 月；一个月的时间
monthly
month
5. __________ /r fre /vt. 使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新→_____________ /r fre /adj. 令人耳目一新的；使人精力充沛的→ ______________/r fre m nt/n. 饮料；小食；恢复活力→ refresher /r??fre??/n. 使人恢复活力的东西
refresh
refreshing
refreshment
6. _________ / b z b/vt. 吸引全部注意力；吸收→ ___________ / b z bd/adj. 被……吸引住；全神贯注的→_____________ / b z p n/n. 吸收；全神贯注
absorb
absorbed
absorption
Ⅱ. 情境词块
1. be in control of ___________________
控制；掌管；管理
2. suffer from _____________
遭受；患病
3. be mad for _____________________________________
非常喜欢；极为需要；对……想得发狂
4. replace…with… _____________________
替换为；以……替代
5. 试用；试验；测试 __________
try out
6. 焦虑不安；心力交瘁 _______________
stressed out
7. 筋疲力尽的；疲惫的 ___________
worn out
8. 下定决心 ______________________
make up one’s mind
Ⅲ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 疑问词+to do
教材原句 So I thought about what to try. 所以我一直在想该尝试些什么。
中文例句 他得学会如何寻找食物以及生火。
句式仿写 He has to learn_________________________________________.
how to hunt for food and make a fire
2.
句型公式 非谓语动词作状语
教材原句 It has enhanced the quality of my life, improving my health and increasing my happiness. 这提高了我的生活质量，改善了我的健康状况，增加了我的幸福感。
中文例句 他给我发了一封电子邮件，希望能得到更多信息。
句式仿写 He sent me an email, _________________________________________ .
hoping to get more information
3.
句型公式 as引导非限制性定语从句
教材原句 As Gandhi said, “Be the change you want to see in the world.”正如甘地所言：“欲变世界，先变其身。”
中文例句 他没来，这是常有的事。
句式仿写 ____________________________, he is absent.
As is often the case
背景导学
本栏目的活动主题是给编辑写一封信，谈谈你的生活方式以及你想要改变的某个不良习惯，是依据 “Listening and Speaking”的交际功能，使语言的“听、说、读、写”能力进一步得到落实。摒弃不良的生活方式，培养良好的生活习惯，对应了《普通高中英语课程标准》（2017年版2020年修订）中的“人与自我”这一主题，不仅可以让学生意识到他们生活中存在的一些不良习惯并加以改正，还能让他们保持对生活的积极态度，并对此表达自己的看法。
文本改写
教材原文 Dear Editor, After I attended your summer camp about health and lifestyle choices, I realised I hardly ever felt well, either physically or mentally. I often felt sleepy and dizzy, and lacked passion. Most worrying, though, I got the flu easily and experienced many toothaches, too. 教材译文
亲爱的编辑：
在参加了你们举办的关于健康和生活方式选择的夏令营后，我意识到无论是身体上还是精神上，我几乎没有感觉良好过。我经常感到困倦和头晕，缺乏激情。然而，最让我担心的是，我很容易得流感，还总是牙疼。
续表
教材原文 At the end of the camp I heard, “Change the world by changing yourself.” This stimulated my motivation. A dentist once examined me and told me that too much sugar in my meals had damaged my teeth and health. I made up my mind to change two things in my life: 教材译文
在夏令营结束时，我听到有人说：“通过改变自己来改变世界。”这激发了我的动力。有一次, 一位牙医给我做了检查，并告诉我，我的饮食中摄入的糖分过多，损害了我的牙齿和健康。我下定决心改变生活中的两件事：
续表
教材原文 to eat nothing with sugar and to exercise regularly. After that I stopped buying all the sweets, biscuits, and sugary drinks that I used to have every day. Whenever I went out with friends, I brought snacks from home, things that didn’t have any add-ed sugar: fruit, nuts, dried meat, etc. 教材译文
不吃含糖的食物，经常锻炼。
从那以后，我不再买以前每天常吃的所有糖果、饼干和含糖饮料。每次和朋友出去，我都会从家里带一些没有添加任何糖分的零食：水果、坚果、肉干等。
续表
教材原文 My exercise was very simple: I went outside every day for at least 30 minutes and did something active. Sometimes I played table tennis or badminton with my cousins. Other times I jumped on my skateboard and rode around my neighbourhood, or just took a long walk. 教材译文
我的锻炼很简单：我每天在室外活动至少30分钟并做一些积极的训练。有时我会和堂（表）兄弟姐妹们打乒乓球或羽毛球，其他时候我就跳上滑板在家附近滑滑板，或走很长的路。
续表
教材原文 The results have been fantastic. I feel more dynamic and stronger than ever, in both body and mind. I sleep soundly at night now. I no longer suffer from a flu virus or toothaches either. Best of all, in my opinion, is how I feel about myself. I feel like I’m in control of my own life. To make choices about myself is within my own power. 教材译文
这些做法成效显著，在身心上，我感觉比以前更有活力、更加强壮。我现在晚上睡得很香，也不再受流感病毒或牙痛的折磨。在我看来，最好的是我对自己的感觉。我觉得我能掌控自己的生活。我有能力对自己的生活做出选择。
续表
教材原文 I CAN change myself. I just need to try. Yours truly, Wang Lu Dear Editor, As I took part in the summer camp about personal life choices, I started to analyse my choices, 教材译文
我能改变自己。我只需要去尝试。
您忠实的，
王璐
亲爱的编辑：
在我参加关于个人生活选择的夏令营时，我开始分析自己的选择，
续表
教材原文 especially what I did to relax and how it was affecting my whole life. After starting high school, I felt stressed out and always relaxed by playing computer games. I got so absorbed that I played the games day and night. Playing was fun, but I felt even more worn out afterwards 教材译文
尤其是我为了放松所做的事以及它是如何影响我的整个生活的。
进入高中后，我感到焦虑不安，总是通过玩电脑游戏来放松。我太投入了，没日没夜地玩游戏。打游戏很好玩，但玩完之后我觉得更疲惫不堪！
续表
教材原文 So after the camp, I realised that it was very, very important to adjust my lifestyle. I decided to take control of my life and find other ways to relax. It was a big struggle not to join my friends in playing online games as I’m mad for them. However, I realised that to succeed in quitting, 教材译文
所以夏令营结束后，我意识到调整我的生活方式是至关重要的。我决定要掌控自己的生活, 寻找其他的放松方式。
不加入我的朋友们一起玩那些我非常喜欢的网络游戏绝非易事。然而，我意识到要想成功戒瘾，就必须用其他东西来代替它。
续表
教材原文 So I thought about what to try. Rock climbing, bowling, watching comedies, and playing basketball were the things I thought of doing instead. Now my dad and I go rock climbing together monthly! It has en-hanced the quality of my life, improving my health and increasing my happiness. I get refreshed through climbing, 教材译文
所以我一直在想该尝试些什么。攀岩、保龄球、看喜剧和打篮球都是我想出来的替代活动。
现在我和爸爸每个月都一起去攀岩！这提高了我的生活质量，改善了我的健康状况, 增加了我的幸福感。通过攀岩，我感觉神清气爽，
续表
教材原文 spend more time with my dad, and get to meet new friends. After six months of trying out new ways of relaxing, I feel much more energetic. I feel that I can change myself for the better. And if that’s true for me, then it might truly be possible to change the world for the better. 教材译文
而且有更多的时间和爸爸一起，还能认识新朋友。
用了六个月尝试新的放松方式后，我感到精力充沛多了。我觉得可以让自己变得更好。如果我能做到，或许我还能让世界变得更好。
续表
教材原文 As Gandhi said, “Be the change you want to see in the world.” Sincerely, George Fielding 教材译文
正如甘地所言：“欲变世界，先变其身。”
您忠实的，
乔治·菲尔丁
请将第一封信改写成一篇80词左右的关于如何改掉不健康生活习惯的文章。
【审题谋篇】
【词汇储备】
1. 头晕 ________
2. 缺乏激情 _______________
3. 意识到 _______________________
4. 严重后果 ______________________
5. 下定决心 ______________________
6. 作出一些改变____________________
7. 含糖饮料________________
dizzy
lack passion
become aware that...
severe consequences
make up one’s mind
make some changes
sugary drinks
8. 锻炼 ________________
9. 至少 ___________
10. 充满活力的；精力充沛的__________
take exercise
at least
dynamic
【句型运用】
1. 在参加夏令营前，我经常感到困倦和头晕，缺乏激情。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Before attending the summer camp, there was a time when I often felt sleepy and dizzy, and lacked passion.
2. 然而，最让我担心的是，我很容易得流感，还总是牙疼。
____________________________________________________________________________________
Most worrying, though, I got the flu easily and experienced many toothaches, too.
3. 幸运的是，在夏令营快结束时，我意识到，如果放任不管，这些坏习惯会造成更加严重的后果。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Luckily, at the end of the camp, I became aware that if left unchecked, these bad habits would cause more severe consequences.
4. 因此，我下定决心要作出一些改变。
_____________________________________________________
Therefore, I made up my mind to make some changes.
5. 首先，我不再买糖果、饼干和含糖饮料。
__________________________________________________________________________
Firstly, I stopped buying all the sweets, biscuits and sugary drinks.
6. 其次，我每天积极锻炼至少30分钟。
___________________________________________________________________________
Secondly, I took exercise actively every day for at least 30 minutes.
7. 现在在身心上，我感觉比以前更有活力、更加强壮。
_________________________________________________________________________________
Now, I feel much more dynamic and stronger than ever, in both body and mind.
【句式升级】
1. 将第2句改为含主语从句的复合句。（What worried me most was...）
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
What worried me most was that I got the flu easily and experienced many toothaches, too.
2. 将第7句改为含同位语从句的复合句。（There is no doubt that…）
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Now, there is no doubt that I feel much more dynamic and stronger than ever, in both body and mind.
【串句成文】
1. 将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
_______________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Dear Editor,
Here, I would like to share my story with you. Before attending the summer camp, there was a time when I often felt sleepy and dizzy, and lacked passion. What worried me most was that I got the flu easily and experienced many toothaches, too.
Luckily, at the end of the camp, I became aware that if left
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________
__________
unchecked, these bad habits would cause more severe consequences. Therefore, I made up my mind to make some changes. Firstly, I stopped buying all the sweets, biscuits and sugary drinks. Secondly, I took exercise actively every day for at least 30 minutes.
Now, there is no doubt that I feel much more dynamic and stronger than ever, in both body and mind.
Yours,
Wang Lu
实战演练
1. 假设你是李华。最近，杂志Healthy Life就中学生的生活方式进行征稿。请你给编辑发一封电子邮件投稿，包括以下内容：
1. 过去你的生活方式以及问题所在；
2. 你做出改变的方法；
3. 最后的结果。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
高分范文Dear Editor,Here I would like to share my story with you. As my study stress grew, there was a time when I couldn’t sleep at night. Worst of all, I started smoking and became addicted.One day, I suddenly became aware that if left unchecked, my bad habits would make me fail. Therefore, I decided to change myself. Whenever I wanted to smoke, I chose to
play basketball instead. Besides, I got up early to take exercise every day.Now, there is no doubt that I am in high spirits, concentrating on my study.Yours,Li Hua
[解析] 写作指导
体裁 发现并改掉自身不良习惯的应用文
时态 一般过去时、一般现在时
人称 以第一人称为主
要点 1. 描述过去的不良习惯；
2. 为改掉不良习惯所采取的措施；
3. 最后的结果。
高级短语及句式
1. worst of all 最糟糕的是
2. become addicted （to） 上瘾
3. become aware that... 意识到……
4. There’s no doubt that…毫无疑问
5. in high spirits情绪高涨
6. concentrate on 集中于……
7. As my study stress grew, there was a time when I couldn’t sleep at night. 随着我学习压力的增加，有一段时间我晚上睡不着觉。（此句中as引导时间状语从句，when 引导定语从句）
核心词汇
1. in control of 控制；掌管；管理
I feel like I’m in control of my own life. 我觉得我能掌控自己的生活。（教材P20）
典例翻译
① Students are encouraged to take/gain/get control of their own learning, rather than just depend on the teacher.
_______________________________________________
学生被鼓励要自己管理学习，而不是只依赖老师。
② Shea used diets and exercise to bring her weight under control.
_______________________________________
谢伊通过节食和锻炼来控制自己的体重。
③ The children have been completely out of control since their father left.
_________________________________________
这些孩子自他们父亲离开后就无法无天了。
归纳拓展
（1）动词短语
控制；掌管；管理___________________________
控制得住；抑制得住（不造成损害）____________________________________
失去对某事物的控制__________________
（2）介词短语
无法管理；失去控制_________________
被控制住；处于控制之下________________
take/gain/get control of
get/bring/keep sth. under control
lose control of
out of control
under control
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① He is _____control of the company. I mean, the company is in ______control of him.
in
the
② Don’t worry-everything is ________control.
under
（2） 完成句子
③ Before retirement, she ______________________（已经失去对……的控制） the company.
has lost control of
2. stressed out 焦虑不安；心力交瘁
After starting high school, I felt stressed out and always relaxed by playing computer games. 进入高中后，我感到焦虑不安，总是通过玩电脑游戏来放松。（教材P20）
典例翻译
① Faced with the entrance examination, the students are under great stress.
___________________________________________
面对升学考试，学生们都承受着巨大的压力。
② I think the company places/lays/puts too much stress on cost and not enough on quality.
___________________________________________
我认为公司过于看重成本，对质量重视不够。
③ The author mentioned the book groups to stress the importance of reading.
_________________________________________
作者提到读书会是为了强调读书的重要性。
④ When we get stressed, we tend to breathe more quickly.
_______________________________________________
当我们变得焦虑不安时，我们往往会呼吸得更快。
⑤ It was a stressful time for all of us.
_______________________________________________
对于我们所有人来说，那是一段充满压力的时期。
归纳拓展
（1）n. 压力；紧张；重音；强调_________
在压力下；承受着压力_______________
强调；着重于_______________________________
（2）强调……的重要性___________________________
（3）stressed adj. （人） 焦虑不安的；心力交瘁的
stressful adj. （事物） 紧张的；压力重的
stress
under stress
lay/put/place stress on/upon
stress the importance of
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① What we want ____________（stress） is that stress is different for everyone.
to stress
② Mary is beginning to get ___________（stress） because of her ____________（stress） job.
stressed
stressful
③ Up to a certain point, the more stress you are ________, the better your performance will be.
under
（2） 一句多译
④ 这家公司的经理一再强调广告的重要性。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________.
= __________________________________________________________________________________________________.
The manager of this company lays great stress on the importance of advertisement over and over again
The manager of this company stresses the importance of advertisement over and over again
3. absorb vt. 吸引全部注意力；吸收
I got so absorbed that I played the games day and night. 我太投入了，没日没夜地玩游戏。（教材P20）
典例翻译
① The drug is quickly absorbed into the blood.
___________________________
药物被迅速吸收进血液中。
② With so much noise outside, I can’t absorb myself in my study.
_______________________________
外面太吵了，我无法专心学习。
③ The foreign tourists are absorbed in the beautiful scenery of Hangzhou.
_______________________________
外国游客被杭州的美景吸引了。
归纳拓展
（1）把……吸收进……；将……并入……_________________
（2）全神贯注于 _________________ = ____________________
（3）表示“全神贯注于”的短语还有_____________;_______________;________________;___________;_________________;___________________
absorb…into…
be absorbed in
absorb oneself in
be lost in
be buried in
be devoted to
focus on
concentrate on
pay attention to
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① The surrounding small towns have ________________（absorb） into the city.
been absorbed
② ___________（absorb） in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
= ____________（absorb） himself in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
Absorbed
Absorbing
（2） 单句写作
③ 这个人全神贯注于分析数据，不知道经理进了办公室。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
The man was so absorbed in analyzing data that he didn’t know the manager entered the office.
4. worn out 筋疲力尽的；疲惫的
Playing was fun, but I felt even more worn out afterwards! 打游戏很好玩，但玩完之后我觉得更疲惫不堪！（教材P20）
典例翻译
① Walking around a museum all day really wears me out.
_______________________________________________
一整天在博物馆里走来走去，真的让我筋疲力尽。
② If you treat your coat so roughly, it will be worn out soon.
___________________________________________________
如果你这么粗暴地对待你的外套，它很快就会穿坏的。
③ Worn rugs increase the danger of tripping.
_______________________________
用旧的地毯增加了绊跌的危险。
归纳拓展
（1）使某人筋疲力尽_______________
（2）用坏；穿破；使筋疲力尽___________
（3）adj. 用坏的；用旧的；疲惫的；筋疲力尽的_______
wear sb. out
wear out
worn
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① Before the race, he is fine. But afterwards he is worn ______.
out
② The stone steps were _______（wear） and broken.
worn
（2） 完成句子
③ 那个小男孩跑来跑去踢着球，把自己弄得筋疲力尽。
The little boy ran around kicking a ball, ______________________.
wearing himself out
5. refresh vt. 使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新
I get refreshed through climbing, spend more time with my dad, and get to meet new friends. 通过攀岩，我感觉神清气爽，而且有更多的时间和爸爸一起，还能认识新朋友。（教材P20）
典例翻译
① He refreshed himself with a glass of coffee.
_________________________
他喝了杯咖啡提了提神。
② I looked at the map to refresh my memory of the route.
_____________________________
我看着地图，回忆这条线路。
③ It made a refreshing change to be taken seriously for once.
___________________________________________________
总算有一次受到认真对待，这变化真是令人耳目一新。
④ Jen returned from the vacation feeling relaxed and refreshed.
_______________________________________
珍度假归来，感到轻轻松松、神清气爽。
归纳拓展
（1）使某人恢复精神__________________
使某人想起；唤起某人的回忆________________________
（2）adj. 神清气爽的____________
adj. 令人耳目一新的；提神的_____________
refresh oneself
refresh one’s memory
refreshed
refreshing
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① After a _____________（refresh） drink, he felt completely ____________（refresh）.
refreshing
refreshed
② Pleasant music is often played between classes to make students ____________（refresh） and relaxed for a while.
refreshed
（2） 完成句子
③ 草药用于调制清凉饮料已有几百年的历史了。
Herbs have been used for centuries to _________________________.
make refreshing drinks
重点句型
1. either…or…要么……要么……；或者……或者……
After I attended your summer camp about health and lifestyle choices, I realised I hardly ever felt well, either physically or mentally. 在参加了你们举办的关于健康和生活方式选择的夏令营后，我意识到无论是身体上还是精神上，我几乎没有感觉良好过。（教材P20）
典例翻译
① You either go at once or wait until tomorrow.
_______________________________
你要么马上走，要么等到明天。
② Either you improve your work or I dismiss you.
_________________________________
要么你改进工作，要么我解雇你。
③ Either he or you are right.
_______________________
要么他对，要么你对。
归纳拓展
（1）either…or…用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语，有时也可连接两个_______。
（2）either…or…连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数通常与其靠近的主语保持一致，遵循___________。
（3）其否定形式为_________________。
句子
就近原则
neither…nor…
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① _____either he or you right
Is
② We will finish the work either this week _____next week.
or
（2） 单句写作
③ 他既没写信也没打电话。
_______________________________
He neither wrote nor phoned.
2. whenever引导让步状语从句
Whenever I went out with friends, I brought snacks from home, things that didn’t have any added sugar: fruit, nuts, dried meat, etc. 每次和朋友出去，我都会从家里带一些没有添加任何糖分的零食：水果、坚果、肉干等。（教材P20）
典例翻译
① Whenever he appears （ = No matter when he appears）, he always wears a big smile.
_____________________________________________
无论他什么时候出现，他总是面带灿烂的笑容。
② Whenever you want to come is fine with me.
___________________________
你什么时候想来我都欢迎。
归纳拓展
（1）whenever既能引导_____________，也能引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句时相当于_________________，意为“无论什么时候”。
（2）其他“特殊疑问词+ever”也能引导让步状语从句和名词性从句，如whatever, whoever, however, wherever等。
名词性从句
no matter when
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① [2019北京] __________________________you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various activities on Earth Day.
Whatever/No matter what
② [2019天津] We learn that __________much we try to please, some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
however
（2） 句型转换
③ Whenever he came, I would run away in fear.
→_________________he came, I would run away in fear.
No matter when
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1. I felt ________ (头晕目眩的) when I looked down from the top of the television tower.
dizzy
2. There are a lot of great activities you can engage in, such as __________ (保龄球), badminton, basketball and table tennis.
bowling
3. The _________ (喜剧) writers often use different techniques to make their audience laugh.
comedy
4. The whole family has the ______ (流感).
flu
5. Sorry, I can’t go shopping with you, because I have an appointment with my __________ (牙医) this afternoon.
dentist
6. This is an opportunity to __________ (提高) the reputation of the company.
enhance
7. I’m very happy to join this young and __________ (有活力的) team.
dynamic
8. She doubted whether it was reasonable to ____________ (刺激) investment in these regions.
stimulate
9. Water can _________ (吸收) and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature.
absorb
10. There is a ________ (病毒性疾病) going around the office.
virus
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
take control of; stressed out; worn out; be absorbed in; try out; at least; be mad for; replace…with…; suffer from; have problems with
1. I live far from the school and it usually takes me ___________ 20 minutes to get there.
at least
2. When studying in China, she ______________ paper-cutting and learned a lot from Chinese artists.
was mad for
3. Don’t forget to __________ the equipment before setting it up.
try out
4. He ______ so deeply ___________ in his composing that he was unaware of things happening around him.
was
absorbed
5. Some children may _____________________ reading or writing.
have problems with
6. They ______________ health problems and fear the long-term effects of radiation.
suffer from
7. Take good care of your schoolbag. If you treat it so roughly, it will be ___________soon.
worn out
8. When you feel _______________ , try a short trip with your friends.
stressed out
9. I’m sorry. I recognize that I have to __________________ my temper.
take control of
10. It is not a good idea to miss meals and __________ them with _________.
replace
snacks
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
Wang Lu and George Fielding attended the summer camp 1. __________ (organize) by the magazine Healthy Life. At the end of the camp, what Wang Lu heard stimulated her 2. ___________ (motivate). She made up her mind 3. ________ (eat) nothing with sugar and to exercise regularly. Now she sleeps soundly at night and feels 4. ______________ (dynamic) than ever.
In the meanwhile, George Fielding has changed himself
5. _______________.
organized
motivation
to eat
more dynamic
for the better
He used to get so absorbed in games 6. ________ he played the games day and night. However, after the camp, he 7. _____ (take)
control of his life though it was 8. ____ big struggle not to play online games. Now he and his dad go rock climbing together 9. ________ (month). It has enhanced the quality of his life, 10. ___________ (improve) his health and increasing his happiness.
Since the two students can successfully get rid of their bad lifestyle, I believe you can as well.
that
took
a
monthly
improving
基础达标练
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Susan guaranteed not to eat _________ (sugar) foods because they were bad for her health.
sugary
2. Lack of sleep is likely to have a big impact on people who lead a ____________ (stress) life.
stressful
3. Aside from his __________ (month) salary, he also earns a good wage for a part-time job in that company.
monthly
4. My father advised me to take some days off to get ____________ (refresh) after so many days of hard work.
refreshed
5. He is the funniest stand-up ___________ (comedy) and makes many breakthroughs in this field.
comedian
Ⅱ. 同义替换
stress; be absorbed in; enhance; worn out; be mad for; dynamic; stimulate; affect
1. They are trying to promote the construction of networks to improve network conditions of school. __________
enhance
2. He was exhausted after a whole day’s work. ___________
worn out
3. My nine-year-old son is crazy about Robbie Williams. _____________
is mad for
4. An inspiring teacher can motivate students to succeed. ____________
stimulate
5. He seemed an energetic and active leader. __________
dynamic
6. More than seven million people have been influenced by drought. ___________
affected
7. Janet has been under a lot of pressure since her mother’s illness. _________
stress
8. As a photographer, he was buried in the study of photography. __________________
was absorbed in
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 无论何时, 只要有目标, 你就应该尽一切努力来实现它。(whenever) ___________________________ , you should make every effort to achieve it.
Whenever you have an aim
2. 通常来说, 住在旅馆的大多数人不是生意人就是游客。(either…or…)
Generally speaking, most people who stay in the hotel are _________________________________ .
either businessmen or tourists
3. 问题是如何将理论应用于实践。(疑问词+不定式)
The question is ________________________________________ .
how to apply the theory into practice
4. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着, 思考着那个问题。(动词-ing形式作状语)
All night long he lay awake in bed, __________________________ .
thinking of the problem
5. 他专心于工作, 完全忘记了吃饭和睡觉。(非谓语动词作状语)
___________________ , he totally forgot to have supper and sleep.
Absorbed in work
素养综合练
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
[2020山东青岛胶州高二上期末] A
Nobody needs to be reminded that exercise is good for our physical health, but we may need to be reminded that it needs to be done in the right way.
Light exercise can improve circulation (血液循环) and keep our muscles active, especially if the rest of the day will be spent sitting in front of a computer or in a lecture hall. However, certain sports like long-distance running require training to
build up our bodies so we can handle the challenge. If we go into such a sport cold, it can shock our muscles, hearts, lungs, and other organs and cause severe pain or in some cases, even death.
Some people are born with medical conditions that go unnoticed until they stress the unstable part of their body. A weak heart may never be seen until we do something that causes extreme physical effort. Recently there have been cases of people dying while running long distances. Also, a university student died after taking a 1,000 m running exam.
Some universities and high schools have cut long-distance races (i. e. 3,000 m, 5,000 m) from their campus sports games, partly because of the potential danger and partly because they say fewer people are entering such events.
Maybe education about such events is lacking, especially during primary and high schools. People participating in such competitions should realize that a reasonable amount of training is required beforehand and having a medical check is wise, especially for a marathon.
People shouldn’t be forced to participate in events that push them to the limits, especially if they haven’t warmed up completely. Cancelling events could cause people to become less healthy and overweight. Maybe these events shouldn’t be cancelled, but organizers and participants should be more careful about regular health examination.
1. Why does the author write the text ( )
A. To persuade us to take less sports.
B. To give us some tips on exercise.
C. To advise students to have regular exercise.
D. To require cancelling long distance running.
B
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。人人都知道运动有益于我们的健康, 但运动需要以正确的方式进行。在本文中作者提醒人们在进行某些运动前要检查身体以及热身。
【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】根据文章第一段 Nobody needs to be reminded…in the right way. 可知, 作者写这篇文章的目的是给我们一些运动方面的建议——锻炼要用正确的方式。
2. What does the underlined word “cold” in Paragraph 2 probably mean ( )
A. Having trained a lot. B. Without any preparation.
C. Having a low temperature. D. In an unfriendly way.
B
[解析] 【命题立意】词义猜测题。【解题思路】根据画线词前句可知, 有些运动, 如长跑, 需要通过训练才能使我们变得强壮, 才能帮助我们应对挑战。因此, 如果不做必要的准备, 就会造成严重的后果。画线词cold指的是运动前不做准备。
3. Why do some universities and high schools cancel long-distance races ( )
A. Because no students are willing to enter such events.
B. Because the students’ physical conditions are too poor.
C. Because long-distance running is not fit for students.
D. Because they worry about the potential danger in such races.
D
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第三段最后一句可知, 一些学校取消长跑比赛的原因是这些比赛有潜在的危险并且参加的人数越来越少。
4. What does the author advise us to do before running a marathon ( )
A. Have a medical check and warm-up exercises.
B. Push ourselves to the limits.
C. Participate in it confidently.
D. Try to lose some weight first.
A
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据文章末段中的People participating in such competitions should realize that a reasonable amount of training is required beforehand and having a medical check is wise, especially for a marathon. 可知, 作者建议人们参加马拉松赛跑前进行体检和热身练习。
深度解析
词汇积累
1. handle v. 处理; 应对 2. organ n. 器官 3. unstable adj. 不稳定的 4. cancel v. 取消 5. participant n. 参与者
[2020课标全国Ⅰ] B
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through
most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact(接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking,
although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running
does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.
But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach
or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
1. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes ( )
A. They must run long distances.
B. They are qualified for the marathon.
C. They have to follow special rules.
D. They are good at swinging their legs.
C
[解析] [语篇解读]
本文为说明文。文章介绍了竞走运动的特点及其利弊。
【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据文章第二段可知, 竞走运动有非常特殊的动作要求, 所以C项(他们不得不遵守特别的规则)正确。
2. What advantage does race walking have over running ( )
A. It’s more popular at the Olympics.
B. It’s less challenging physically.
C. It’s more effective in body building.
D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.
D
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据文章最后一段的第一句可知, 一些和跑步相关的身体损伤, 如膝盖损伤, 在竞走中就不常见, 故D项正确。
3. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking ( )
A. Getting experts’ opinions. B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced coach. D. Doing regular exercises.
A
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据文章最后一段的倒数第二句话可知, 任何一个想尝试竞走运动的人都要先向教练或有经验的竞走运动员学习正确的技巧。故A项正确。
4. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking ( )
A. Skeptical. B. Objective.
C. Tolerant. D. Conservative.
B
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】在文章中, 作者客观地介绍了竞走运动的特点以及优缺点, 因此B项(客观的)正确。
深度解析
词汇积累
1. contribute to是……的原因之一 2. demanding adj. 要求高的; 费力的 3. approximately adv. 大概; 大约4. pound v. 连续砰砰地猛击; 反复击打 5. cautious adj. 小心的; 谨慎的 6. consult v. 咨询; 请教
Ⅱ. 七选五
[2019课标全国Ⅰ] Is Fresh Air Really Good for You
We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.”1_________According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good.
2_________ If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities-then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing
E
A
even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.
Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). 3_________ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood(情绪). Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 4_________ It gives us a great feeling of peace.
G
C
5_________ While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial vitamin D. To make sure you get enough vitamin D-but still protect your skin-put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of vitamin D.
A.Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B.So what are you waiting for
C.Being in nature refreshes us.
D
D.Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said
F.Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care.
G.All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
1. ____
E
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章围绕新鲜空气是否对我们有好处这一话题进行阐述。
设空处前句提到“go out and get some fresh air”, 空格处马上针对呼吸新鲜空气这件事情进行提问, 然后设空处后一句就是针对提问的回答the answer is a big YES, 所以选择E项。
2. ____
A
[解析] 设空处后面一整段都是在阐述呼吸新鲜空气的好处, 尤其两次提到oxygen (氧气), 且设空处位于段首, 所以设空处是整段的主题句, oxygen与A项中的lungs有联系, 所以选择A项。
3. ____
G
[解析] 设空处前一句中的关键词 healing与G项中的Healing对应, G项中的recovery 与设空处后一句中的recovery对应。此外, G项中出现 Healing Gardens, 后一句马上出现 In these places 来指代 Healing Gardens, 因此答案是G项。
4. ____
C
[解析] 根据本段的第三句In these places patients…recovery. 可知, 此段讲了接近大自然有助于病人的康复, 而下文对有哪些帮助进行了进一步说明, 所以在本段的最后再次进行总结, 话题依然是与大自然有关, 而且是总结性质的句子, 所以选择C项。
5. ____
D
[解析] 根据设空处位置可以推测此处为主题句, 是对本段话题的开启。设空处后一句中的 the sun’s rays与D项中的 sunlight 对应。而D项中的 Another side benefit of getting fresh air 又是对前面段落中阐述呼吸新鲜空气有好处的延伸, 因此D项是最佳选项。
深度解析
词汇积累
1. recovery n. 恢复 2. turn out结果是; 证明是3. beneficial adj. 有利的 4. absorb vt. 吸收 5. associate…with…与……有联系(共57张PPT)
UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Section Ⅳ Expanding Your World
Ⅰ. 单词分层默写
1. 单词拼写
①__________ n. 酒; 酒精
②________ n. 滥用; 虐待; 辱骂 vt. 滥用; 虐待; 辱骂
③______ n. 提示; 暗示; 信号 vt. 给（某人）暗示（或提示）
④_____________ vt. 促进; 促使; 使便利
⑤___________ adj. 消极的; 有害的; 否定的
alcohol
abuse
cue
facilitate
negative
⑥______________ adj. 悲观的; 悲观主义的
⑦_____________ n. 自制力; 纪律; 学科 vt. 自我控制; 管教; 处罚
⑧_______ n. 药丸; 药片
⑨__________ n. 外科医生
⑩__________ n. 外科手术; 外科学
________ vi., vt. & n. 剃（须发）; 刮脸
____________ n. 香烟; 卷烟
_____________ n. 专科医生; 专家
pill
surgeon
surgery
shave
pessimistic
discipline
cigarette
specialist
_______ n. 毒品; 药物 _______ vt. 跳过; 不参加; 悄悄溜走 vi. 蹦蹦跳跳地走; 跳绳 n. 蹦跳
________ adj. 头晕目眩的
__________ n. 牙科医生
__________ adj. 充满活力的; 精力充沛的; 动态的
________ n. 病毒; 病毒性疾病
__________ vt. 提高; 增强; 增进
dentist
dynamic
virus
enhance
drug
skip
dizzy
2. 拓展单词
①___________ adj. 身体的; 客观存在的; 物理学的→ _____________ adv. 身体上; 根本上→ physics n. 物理学→ physicist n. 物理学家
②___________ vt. & vi. 支配; 控制; 占有优势→ _____________ n. 控制; 支配
③_____________ adv. 重复地→ ___________ adj. 重复的→ repeat v. 重复
④_____________ n. 心理学; 心理; 心理影响→ ________________
physical
physically
dominate
domination
repeatedly
repeated
psychology
psychological
adj. 心理的→ __________________ adv. 心理上地; 精神上地→ _______________ n. 心理学家
⑤_________ n. 回报; 奖励; 报酬 vt. 奖励; 奖赏; 给以报酬→ ____________ adj. 有益的; 值得做的; 报酬高的
⑥_______ vi. 依赖; 依靠; 信赖→ ___________ adj. 可依靠的; 可信赖的→ ___________ adv. 可靠地
⑦__________ vt. （仔细）检查; 审查; 测验→ ______________ n. 考试; 检查; 审查
reward
rewarding
rely
reliable
reliably
examine
examination
psychologically
psychologist
⑧__________ vt. & vi. 组成; 作曲; 撰写→ ______________ n. 作文; 作曲→ ___________ n. 作曲家
⑨_____________ n. 解放; 摆脱→ ___________ v. 解放; 使自由
⑩__________ vt. 打扰; 搅乱; 使烦恼→ _____________ adj. 令人不安的; 引起烦恼的→ ____________ adj. 心神不安的→ ______________ n. 干扰; 骚乱
_____________ n. 顾问; 高级顾问医师→ __________ v. 商议; 查阅; 请教
____________ vt. 激发; 促进; 刺激→ ______________ n. 刺激
disturb
disturbing
disturbed
disturbance
consultant
consult
compose
composition
composer
liberation
liberate
stimulate
stimulation
_________ adj. 含糖的; 甜的→ ________ n. 糖; 食糖
_________ n. 喜剧; 喜剧片; 滑稽节目→ comedian n. 滑稽演员
__________ adv. & adj. 每月; 每月一次的 n. 月刊→ ________ n. 月; 一个月的时间
__________ vt. 使恢复精力; 使凉爽; 刷新→ refreshing adj. 令人耳目一新的; 使人精力充沛的→ refreshment n. 饮料; 小食; 恢复活力→ refresher n. 使人恢复活力的东西
_________ vt. 吸引全部注意力; 吸收→ ___________ adj. 被……吸引住; 全神贯注的→ _____________ n. 吸收; 全神贯注
monthly
month
refresh
absorb
absorbed
absorption
sugary
sugar
comedy
Ⅱ. 短语搭配翻译
1. rely on ___________________
依赖; 依靠; 信赖
2. aside from _____________
除……之外
3. straight away _____________
立即; 马上
4. decide on _____________
决定; 选定
5. be composed of _________________________
由……组成（或构成）的
6. be in control of ___________________
控制; 掌管; 管理
7. stick to _______
坚持
8. stressed out _____________________
焦虑不安; 心力交瘁
9. act as _____________
担任; 充当
10. worn out _____________________
筋疲力尽的; 疲惫的
11. try out ___________________
试用; 试验; 测试
12. make a choice _________
做选择
13. 回答; 答复 _________________
in response to
14. 而不是 ______________
rather than
15. 下定决心 ______________________
make up one’s mind
16. 剃掉; 刮去 ____________
shave off
17. 阻止……做某事 _______________________________
prevent... from (doing) sth.
18. 专心于 _________________
be absorbed in
19. 参与 ________________________
be/become involved in
20. 养成好习惯 ___________________
form good habits
Ⅲ. 教材原句翻译
1. 青少年在成长过程中, 会变得更加独立且开始自己作决定。
______________________________________________________________________________________________
As teenagers grow up, they become more independent and start making their own decisions.
2. 如果放任不管, 这些坏习惯, 在他们成年后会导致更为严重的有害习惯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________
These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
3. 例如, 有些青少年会吸烟成瘾或酗酒, 造成生理和心理健康问题。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
For example, some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse, which can lead to physical and mental health problems.
4. 防止此类的有害习惯主宰青少年的生活是至关重要的。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life is essential.
5. 正如中国哲学家老子所说：“千里之行, 始于足下。”
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.”
6. 所以, 当我们再次感到不开心时（提示）, 与其吃零食, 不如听一些我们最喜欢的音乐（惯例）, 这会使我们感到放松（奖励）。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
So, when we feel unhappy again(cue), rather than eat snacks, we could listen to some of our favourite music instead(routine), which will make us feel relaxed (reward).
7. 改掉坏习惯是困难的, 很容易找借口放弃。
_________________________________________________________________________________
Changing a bad habit is difficult, and it is easy to make excuses and give up.
8. 我下定决心改变生活中的两件事：不吃含糖的食物, 经常锻炼。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I made up my mind to change two things in my life: to eat nothing with sugar and to exercise regularly.
9. 不加入我的朋友们一起玩那些我非常喜欢的网络游戏绝非易事。
________________________________________________________________________________________________
It was a big struggle not to join my friends in playing online games as I’m mad for them.
10. 这提高了我的生活质量, 改善了我的健康状况, 增加了我的幸福感。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
It has enhanced the quality of my life, improving my health and increasing my happiness.
Ⅳ. 书面表达
1. 结合本单元主题, 使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
1. 约翰因吸烟成瘾感到悲观。 (tobacco abuse, lead to, pessimistic)
2. 我打算帮助他阻止这个坏习惯继续主宰他的生活, 但无法决定解决方案。(intend to do, stop…from doing, dominate, decide on)
3. 医生说戒烟得靠他自己。(rely on)
4. 为了方便戒烟, 他建议约翰参与一个组织。 (facilitate, become involved in)
5. 一个月后, 他成功了。悲伤被笑声所取代。他的身体也恢复了健康。(make it, pessimism, replace... with..., reward... with...)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
John’s tobacco abuse led to his being pessimistic. I intended to help him stop the bad habit from dominating his life, but couldn’t decide on a solution. So I took him to the hospital straight away and had him examined. The doctor said that he should rely on himself to quit smoking. To facilitate his giving up
smoking, he suggested that John become involved in an organization. A month later, he made it. Pessimism was replaced with laughter. He was rewarded with a healthy body.
1. dominate/ d m ne t/vt. & vi. 支配; 控制; 占有优势。词根domin-意为“主宰; 支配”, -ate为动词后缀, 所以dominate为动词, 意为“统治; 支配”。
2. domin-（统治, 支配）, 来自拉丁语名词dominus（房主）。其中dom- = house表示“屋; 家”, in表示在里面, 所以dominate的字面意思即为“在自
己家里”, 引申为支配, 统治之意。以dom-为词根的词还有domestic, 其结构为dom- （家, 房屋）+es（ = us名词后缀)+tic（ = ic 形容词后缀）, 故其为形容词, 本意为“家里的”, 引申意为“国内的, 本国的”。常见搭配有：domestic violence （家庭暴力）, domestic flight （国内航班）, domestic service（家政服务）。
1. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
早睡早起使人健康、富有又聪明。
2. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.
一分预防胜过十分治疗。
3. A health body is worth more than a crown in gold.
健康的身体贵于黄金铸成的皇冠。
4. Health is not valued until sickness comes.
直到疾病到来人们才重视健康。
5. Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.
读书之于心灵, 犹如运动之于身体。
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. When you do a good deed, you will be rewarded _______ a warm feeling.
with
2. You’d better avoid drinking too much _________ (sugar) drinks because they are bad for our health.
sugary
3. It is reported that _____________ (physical) attractive people are more likely to be treated well by others.
physically
4. The professor tells his students _____________ (repeated) that the future belongs to the well-educated.
repeatedly
5. After several rounds of competition, the little girl stood out because of her excellent spoken English and quick ___________ (respond) in particular.
response
6. That young man is honest, cooperative, and always there when you need his help. In short, he’s ___________ (rely).
reliable
7. After leaving university, Mary decided _____ a career in journalism.
on
8. In order to develop the foreign market, they are keen _____________ (enhance) their reputation abroad.
to enhance
9. If you feel ___________ (stress) by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back.
stressed
10. William’s two books helped Benjamin to make _____ his mind to be a painter.
up
Ⅱ. 同义替换
stress; absorb; rely on; aside from; be composed of; enhance;
straight away; cue; facilitate; dominate
1. Our success is a signal to other companies to press ahead with new investment. ______
cue
2. Many working women depend on relatives to help take care of their children. __________
rely on
3. Apart from a few scratches（划痕）, I’m OK. _____________
Aside from
4. Pugh laid particular emphasis on the need for discipline. _________
stress
5. We need to start work immediately. ________________
straight away
6. Plants take in nutrients from the soil. _________
absorb
7. The development will consist of 66 dwellings（住宅） and a number of offices. _________________
be composed of
8. The company has a commanding influence on the market for operating system software. ____________
dominates
9. His refusal does nothing to improve his reputation. __________
enhance
10. Schools were located in the same campus to make the sharing of resources easier. _____________
facilitate
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 博物馆建成后, 将于明年向公众开放。（状语从句的省略）
_________________, the museum will be open to the public next year.
When completed
2. 无论我什么时候到这儿来, 都能看到他在埋头工作。（whenever引导时间状语从句）
He was found buried in his work _______________________.
whenever I came here
3. 我们的车接近黄山时, 速度慢了下来。（as引导时间状语从句）
____________________________________, it slowed down.
As our car approached Mount Huang
4. 乘坐宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。（it作形式主语）
______________________________ to the moon in a spaceship.
It must be great fun to fly
5. 继续努力, 你一定会通过考试的。（祈使句+and+陈述句）
_______________________________ are bound to pass the examination.
Keep on working hard and you
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
[2020湖北宜昌高二上期末] You’re watching your favorite TV shows when a commercial （广告） break starts. First you see an ad for candy. Then there’s one for fast food. In response, your stomach growls. Suddenly, all you can think about is that you need a snack. If that sounds familiar, you’re not alone. Researchers from McMaster University in Canada studied the effects of junk food ads. The researchers examined the effects of advertising junk food on more than 6,000 kids through TV commercials and other
types of media. They found that kids made unhealthy food and drink choices as quickly as 30 minutes after seeing the ads.
“There is too much unhealthy food advertising out there, which appears repeatedly,” says Behnam Sadeghirad. He’s one of the researchers who led the study. “This is dangerous for younger children because they lack self-discipline and don’t know whether the advertised foods are healthy or not.”
Food and drink ads are everywhere, from TV to the panies want to make sure you know about their products. They
spend nearly ＄1.8 billion a year on food ads aimed at kids, according to a report. The Nielsen Company tracked the number of food ads that kids saw in 2015. It found that kids watched nearly 12 food ads on TV each day. Most of these ads weren’t for healthy foods. In fact, on average, kids saw only one ad per week for fruit and vegetables. Instead, most of the ads were for fast food, candy and sugary drinks.
Jennifer Harris, a professor at the University of Connecticut, says this is a big part of the problem. “Unhealthy foods are not
things we should be encouraging kids to eat more often,” says Harris. “But unfortunately those are the products being advertised to them the most.”
Health experts say it’s OK to treat yourself to a cookie once in a while. But what can you do to keep yourself from having an unhealthy snack every time you see an ad for junk food Harris says it’s important to learn to spot the techniques companies use in their ads. “What kids can do is notice what’s going on,” says Harris. “Think about, ‘Are these products really good for my physical health ’”
1. What did researchers from McMaster University find ( )
A. Junk food ads can affect kids’ eating habits.
B. Eating while watching TV is unhealthy for kids.
C. Food ads are more attractive than other types of ads.
D. There are many commercial breaks during TV shows.
A
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文。文章通过介绍一项调查讨论了垃圾食品广告对孩子们的健康造成的影响, 专家呼吁人们应该学会看出广告宣传所使用的手段, 并告诉孩子们在选择食物之前思考一下它们是否健康。
【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第一段中的 They found that kids made unhealthy food and drink choices as quickly as 30 minutes after seeing the ads. 可知, 垃圾食品的广告会影响孩子们的饮食习惯。
2. What do the numbers provided by the Nielsen Company suggest ( )
A. Food ads are everywhere.
B. It’s necessary to limit kids’ screen time.
C. It’s hard to avoid seeing junk food ads on TV.
D. Companies spend large amounts of money on ads.
C
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】第三段中作者用一些具体的数字说明了一些公司将大量的钱投入广告, 孩子们平均每天会看到12个食品广告, 而其中绝大多数都是有关垃圾食品的, 所以意在说明孩子们很难避免在电视上看到垃圾食品的广告。
3. What advice does Harris give in the last paragraph ( )
A. Get wise to ads.
B. Stay away from cookies.
C. Never watch junk food ads.
D. Find products of good quality.
A
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据最后一段中的 Harris says it’s important…good for my physical health可知, Harris 认为人们应该学会看出广告宣传中的手段, 并告诉孩子们应该在选择食物之前思考一下它们是否健康。
4. What’s the best title for the text ( )
A. Attack of junk food ads
B. Tricks of the trade
C. Advertising of junk food
D. The effect of media on children
A
[解析] 【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】文章介绍了孩子们每天接受着垃圾食品广告的狂轰滥炸并深受这种广告的影响, 这会损害他们的身体健康, 由此可知A项适合作为标题。
深度解析
词汇积累
1. commercial n. 广告 2. advertise v. 做广告 3. on average平均 4. technique n. 技术; 技巧
Ⅱ. 七选五
[2020安徽六校教育研究会高三第一次素质测试] Everyone is aware that taking good care of our bodies can prevent many medical problems from occurring later. However, we often have less awareness of preventive actions we should take to help with mental health problems. While our mental health may be fine right now, many of us will struggle at some point. 1_________ It’s impossible to get through life without challenges, but our mental health prevention habits can help us get through difficult times. 2_________
C
A
Keep active. The more active you physically, mentally and socially are, the higher the level of your mental wellness is likely to be. So go for walks and learn something new. There are many other ways to be active. 3_________
Be connected. Regular involvement in social activities with supportive friends and family improves your ability to handle disappointments and everything else life throws at you. 4_________ But you can be involved in any manner; even volunteering for an organization can help you be more social.
F
G
5_________ The nature of these activities varies widely from person to person. The key is to identify what gives your life meaning. Volunteering, coaching, teaching, etc., all can contribute to increasing your sense of confidence and satisfaction with life. Many activities can address more than one. The key is to make a plan and stick with it. If you are already struggling, begin to practice these ways to help your recovery.
E
A.Here are three practical steps.
B.However, good mental health is important.
C.Stresses, disappointments and disasters happen.
D.Overcome life’s challenges before they happen.
E.Be committed to activities that give life meaning.
F.The key is to find what keeps you motivated and interested.
G.This can be difficult when you move to a new town or as you get older.
1. ____
C
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。生活中我们往往没有意识到应该采取预防措施来帮助解决心理健康问题, 而本文就此介绍了三种实用的措施。
根据上下文可知, 设空处承上启下, 描述我们遇到的种种困难和挑战。空前一句中的struggle和空后一句中的challenges 与选项C中的stresses, disappointments and disasters相呼应。
2. ____
A
[解析] 根据下文内容可知, 此处引起下文, 具体介绍三个实用的措施。
3. ____
F
[解析] 根据上一句句意“有很多其他的积极方式”可知F选项承接上文：关键是找到让你有积极性和感兴趣的东西。
4. ____
G
[解析] 根据下一句中But可知, 此处内容与之相反。G选项“当你搬到一个新的城镇或随着年龄的增长, 这可能会很困难”既承接上文, 又与下文形成转折关系。
5. ____
E
[解析] 此处是段落主旨句。根据下文中的 life meaning直接定位到含有 life meaning的E选项。本段介绍的实用措施是参与赋予生命意义的活动。
深度解析
词汇积累
1. get through接通电话; 完成; 熬过 2. involvement n. 参与 3. identify v. 确认; 认出; 鉴定 4. address vt. 演说; 演讲; 设法解决
Ⅲ. 读后续写
1. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Long ago, in a remote village, there was a place known as the House of 1,000 Mirrors, which a great number of people visited every day. Nobody knew why the house was built with so many mirrors.
A happy little dog heard of this place and decided to pay a visit himself. He ran all the way with a happy heart. So long was
the way that he spent many days on his way. When he arrived, although tired, he jumped happily up the stairs to the doorway of the house. There was a hole in the door. He looked through the hole with his ears lifting high and his tail shaking as fast as it could. To his great surprise, he found himself looking at 1,000 other happy little dogs with their tails shaking just as fast as his. He laughed a lot, and was answered with 1,000 great smiles just as warm and kind as his. As he left the house, he said to himself, “This is a wonderful place. I will come back and visit
it often. And I will tell all my friends to come here to enjoy the wonderful sight.”
In this same village, another little dog, which was sad and blue all the day, also decided to visit the house. After running on the way for so long a time, he felt tired as well as depressed. He slowly climbed the stairs and hung his head as he looked into the hole in the door. To his great surprise, he saw 1,000 unfriendly dogs looking at him, so he barked at them right away.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
Then he was terrified to see 1,000 little dogs barking back at him.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version:Then he was terrified to see 1,000 little dogs barking back at him. He felt depressed and frightened, and decided to leave. As he left, he thought that was a really terrible place, and there were so many unfriendly dogs which barked at him. He decided that he would never come back and visit it again and he would advise all his friends not to come here to see the horrible dogs. Thus he left the house and never returned.Instead, the happy little dog came back together with
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Instead, the happy little dog came back together with lots of good friends.
lots of good friends. They jumped and laughed around the house. Therefore, they saw 1,000 laughing dogs in the mirrors. They felt happy. In fact, all the faces in the world are mirrors. What kind of reflections you see on the faces of the people you meet depends on what expression they find on your face. Thus, to live in a wonderful place full of kindness and love, you have to be a kind person with love in your heart first.
[解析] 解题思路
体裁：记叙文
时态：一般过去时原文核心内容解读：很久以前在一个偏僻的小村子里有一个装有1,000面镜子的房子, 两只小狗都去了这个地方, 但一只是开心激动的, 一只是忧郁难过的, 它们从镜子里看到了完全不同的景象。开心的小狗看到一千只同样开心的小狗, 于是它决定带它的朋友们都来看看, 忧郁的小狗则看到了一千只不友好的小狗并试图大叫将镜子里的小狗吓跑。
文章脉络
When: long ago
Where: the House of 1,000 Mirrors
Who: a happy little dog and a sad and blue one
What: The two little dogs decided to pay a visit to the house and saw totally different sights in the mirrors.
写作思路
根据续写部分第一段的开头语“Then he was terrified to see 1,000 little dogs barking back at him.”可知, 这只小狗感到很害怕, 选择了离开, 因此
第一段可以描写这只小狗离开后的心理活动、它对这个房子的印象以及它告诉了它的朋友们什么。根据续写部分第二段的开头语“Instead, the happy little dog came back together with lots of good friends.”可知, 第一只小狗的朋友们也来了, 它们和它一样看到很多开心的笑脸, 兴奋地笑着、跳着。镜子映射的是我们的生活, 只有当我们本身是一个善良、内心充满爱的人时, 我们才能生活在一个充满爱和善意的环境里。(共6张PPT)
UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
背景导学
“Can I get a light ” This is the commonest question among smokers. What if this question is to come from an unusual source The National Health Promotion Foundation uploaded （上传） an anti-smoking advertisement. The anti-smoking ad has quickly been known as “the most powerful anti-smoking ad”.
The anti-smoking video, called “Smoking Kid”, features children walking up to adult smokers and asking for a light. The children in the ad are actors but the smoking adults are unsuspecting participants in the project.
The video begins with the statement“Adults know that smoking is harmful, but don’t remind themselves of this fact”. Once a “smoking kid” approaches the adults, every adult asked is shocked that the child with a cigarette in his hand is asking for a light. The first adult starts by saying, “I’m not giving it to you.” Then the video goes on to state “Every adult filmed said no and reminded the children that smoking is bad”.
Before going away, the kid hands each adult a booklet after being turned down for a light. The booklet says, “You worry about me, but why not about yourself ” The adults look around for the
child as their faces are filled with confusion and discomfort.
The video shows that a few of the smokers quickly threw away their cigarettes or put them away, showing that this experiment was effective at that moment.
The most influential element in the ad isn’t the use of children or the responses from the smoking adults. It comes down to something much simpler than that. Why is it that we worry about other people, forgetting to worry about ourselves
1. What was the adults’reaction to the children asking for a light ( )
A. They looked around for the children’s parents.
B. They paid no attention to the children’s request.
C. They quickly threw the children’s cigarettes away.
D. They rejected the children’s request and educated them.
D
2. According to the last but one paragraph, the anti-smoking ad is____.
A. unusual B. shocking C. influential D. encouraging
C
3. Which could be the best title of the text ( )
A. Give up smoking for your health
B. Keep away from smoking, adults
C. Tell your children not to smoke
D. Reject a child asking for a light
A

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