资源简介

(共121张PPT)
UNIT 5 POEMS
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
教材原文 A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS There are various reasons why people compose poetry. Some poems tell a story or describe a certain image in the reader’s mind. Others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow. 教材译文
英文诗歌的几种简单形式
人们写诗的原因多种多样。有些诗歌讲述一个故事, 或描述读者心中的某个形象。另一些诗歌试图表达特定的情感, 如喜悦和悲伤。
教材原文 The distinctive characteristics of poetry often include economical use of words, descriptive and vivid language, integrated imagery, literary devices such as similes and metaphors, and arrangement of words, lines, rhymes, and rhythm. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves. Now we will look at a few of the simpler forms. 教材译文
诗歌的显著特点通常包括精炼的用词、生动的描述性语言、整体的意象、类似明喻和暗喻等文学手法, 以及词、行、韵和节奏的编排。诗人用许多不同的诗歌形式来表达自己。现在我们来看看几个较为简单的诗歌形式。
续表
教材原文 Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes. They are usually the traditional poems or folk songs. The language of these rhymes, like Poem A, is to the point but has a storyline. Many children enjoy nursery rhymes because they rhyme, have a strong rhythm, and often repeat the same words. 教材译文
一个孩童最早学习的一些英语诗歌是童谣, 它们通常是传统诗歌或民谣。这些童谣(如诗歌A)的语言简单明了, 但带有故事情节。许多孩子喜欢童谣是因为它们押韵、节奏感强, 且往往重复一些字眼。
续表
教材原文 The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language. 教材译文
这些诗歌可能没什么道理, 甚至看起来自相矛盾, 但是它们容易学习和背诵。通过童谣中的文字游戏, 孩子们学习了语言。
续表
A Hush, little baby, don’t say a word, Papa’s gonna buy you a mockingbird. If that mockingbird won’t sing, Papa’s gonna buy you a diamond ring. If that diamond ring turns to brass, Papa’s gonna buy you a looking glass. If that looking-glass gets broke, Papa’s gonna buy you a billy goat. If that billy goat won’t pull, Papa’s gonna buy you a cart and bull. A
嘘, 小宝贝, 别说话,
爸爸给你买只知更鸟。
知更鸟, 不唱歌,
爸爸给你买枚钻石戒。
钻石戒, 变黄铜
爸爸给你买镜子。
小镜子, 摔破了,
爸爸给你买只公山羊。
公山羊, 不肯拉,
爸爸给你买架大牛车。
续表
教材原文 One of the simplest kinds of poem is the“list poem”, which contains a list of things, people, ideas, or descriptions that develop a particular theme. List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem. Some rhyme (like B and C), while others do not. 教材译文
最简单的诗歌之一是“清单诗”, 它包含一份有关事物、人物、想法或描述性内容的清单, 形成一个特定主题。清单诗的诗行长度灵活, 且有重复的词语, 这就使得这种诗歌具有了一定的模式和节奏。有些(清单诗)押韵(如B和C), 有些则不押韵。
续表
B Mother Hundreds of stars in the deep blue sky, Hundreds of shells on the shore together, Hundreds of birds that go singing by, Hundreds of bees in the sunny weather, Hundreds of dewdrops to greet the dawn, Hundreds of bees in the purple clover, Hundreds of butterflies on the lawn, But only one mother the world over. George Cooper B
母亲
千百颗星星挂在深蓝的天空,
千百枚贝壳遍布悠长的海岸,
千百只鸟儿鸣唱着飞过,
千百只蜜蜂在阳光下穿梭,
千百滴朝露迎接黎明,
千百只蜜蜂在紫色三叶草间嬉戏,
千百只蝴蝶在草丛翩翩起舞,
可在这茫茫世间,我只有一个母亲。
乔治·库珀
续表
C LIFE Life can be good, Life can be bad, Life is mostly cheerful, but sometimes sad Life can be dreams, Life can be great thoughts Life can mean a person, Sitting in court. C
生活
生活可能很美好,
生活也可能很糟糕,
生活常常充满欢乐,
但有时令人沮丧。
生活可能是梦幻一场,
生活可能是伟大的思想
生活可能是一个人,
坐在法庭上。
续表
教材原文 Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up of five lines. With these, you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words. Look at the example (D). 教材译文
另一种业余爱好者很容易就能写出来的形式简单的诗是五行诗, 它由五行组成。通过五行诗, 只用几句话, 你就可以传达出一幅动人的画面或表达一种特定的情绪。请看示例(D)。
续表
教材原文 D Brother Beautiful, athletic Teasing, shouting, laughing Friend and enemy too Mine Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables. It has a format of three lines, containing 5, 7, and 5 syllables respectively. 教材译文
D
兄弟
帅气, 爱运动
爱闹, 爱叫, 又爱笑
是我的朋友
也是我的敌人
俳句是日本的一种诗歌形式, 由17个音节组成。格式是三行,分别包含5个、7个和5个音节。
续表
教材原文 It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English writers. It is easy to write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few words. The haiku poem (E) on the right is a translation from Japanese, which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly. 教材译文
它不是传统的英文诗歌形式, 但很受英语作家的欢迎。它创作起来很容易, 就像五行诗一样, 能用很少的词描绘出一幅清晰的画面, 表达一种特殊的情感。右边的俳句诗(E)是从日文翻译过来的, 展示了一只娇弱的蝴蝶生命中的一个瞬间。
续表
教材原文 E A fallen blossom Is coming back to the branch. Look, a butterfly! English speakers also enjoy poems from China, those from the Tang Dynasty in particular. A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English, such as this one (F). 教材译文
E
凋落的花朵
正要回到树枝上
瞧啊,是只蝴蝶！
说英语的人也喜欢中国的诗歌, 尤其是唐代的诗歌。许多唐诗都被翻译成了英文, 比如这首(F)。
续表
教材原文 F Where she awaits her husband On and on the river flows. Never looking back, Transformed into stone. Day by day upon the mountain top, wind and rain revolve. Should the traveller return, this stone would utter speech. Wang Jian 教材译文
F
望夫处,
江悠悠。
化为石,
不回头。
上头日日风复雨,
行人归来石应语。
王建
续表
教材原文 With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, you may eventually want to write poems of your own. Give it a try! 教材译文
有这么多不同形式的诗歌可选, 你可能最终想写属于你自己的诗了。试一试吧！
续表
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
1. _________ /'s r /n. 悲伤; 悲痛; 伤心事 vi. 感到悲伤→ ____________ /'s r fl/adj. 悲伤的; 悲哀的
sorrow
sorrowful
2. ___________ /'l t r ri/adj. 文学的; 爱好文学的; 有文学作品特征的→ _____________ /?l tr t (r)/n. 文学; 著作
literary
literature
3. _________ /r 'sa t/vt. 背诵; 吟诵; 列举→ _____________ /res 'te n/n. 朗读; 朗诵
recite
recitation
4. _____________ /r 'spekt v/adj. 分别的; 各自的→_______________/r 'spekt vli/adv. 分别; 各自; 依次为
respective
respectively
5. ________________ /?k mpr 'hen n/n. 理解力; 领悟力; 理解练习→ _____________ /k mpr 'hend/v. 理解; 领悟→ _________________ /k mpr 'hens bl/adj. 可理解的; 能懂的
comprehension
comprehend
comprehensible
6. ___________ /s 'v li n/n. 平民; 老百姓→ ________ /'s vl/adj. 平民的; 国民的
civilian
civil
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1. nursery rhyme _____________
童谣; 儿歌
2. to the point _________________________
简明恰当的; 简洁中肯的
3. be made up of ___________________
由……组成(构成)
4. consist of _____________
由……组成
5. in particular _____________
尤其; 特别
6. quite a few _______________
相当多; 不少
7. in spite of _____________
不管; 尽管
8. 与……相比 ________________
compare…with
9. 表达自己的想法 __________________
express oneself
10. 讲得通; 有意义 _____________
make sense
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 while表对比
教材原句 Some rhyme(like B and C), while others do not. 有些(清单诗)押韵(如B和C), 有些则不押韵。
中文例句 我喜欢喝茶, 而她喜欢喝咖啡。
句式仿写 I like tea,___________________________________________.
while she likes coffee
2.
句型公式 with+宾语+宾语补足语
教材原句 With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, you may eventually want to write poems of your own. 有这么多不同形式的诗歌可选, 你可能最终想写属于你自己的诗了。
中文例句 没有可以求助的人, 约翰只好自己解决了这个难题。
句式仿写 ________________________________, John had to solve the difficult problem all by himself.
With no one to turn to
Ⅰ. 文本理解
Reading for the main idea.
What’s the main idea of the text ( )
A. To tell us the reasons why people compose poetry.
B. To introduce a few simple forms of English poems.
C. To explain what rhyme and rhythm are.
D. To encourage people to try to compose poems.
B
Reading for the structure.
Fill in the following blanks with proper words.
A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS
Types of poems Characteristics
Nursery rhymes Have a strong 1. __________.
2. _________the same words. Easy to learn and recite.
3.______________ Have a 4.__________________line length and repeated phrases. Some 5.____________while others do not.
rhythm
Repeat
List poems
flexible
rhyme
A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS
Types of poems Characteristics
cinquain Easy to write. Made up of 6.__________lines. Convey a strong picture or a certain 7.__________.
8._______ A 9.__________________form of poetry. Made up of 10. ________________ syllables. Easy to write. Give a clear picture. Create a special feeling using very few words.
Tang poems Have descriptive and vivid language.
mood
Japanese
Haiku
five
seventeen
续表
Reading for the details.
1. How many forms of poems does the passage talk about ( )
A. 8. B. 7. C. 6. D. 5.
D
2. Why do poets compose poetry？( )
A. To describe a certain image or convey certain feelings.
B. To catch more people’s attention.
C. To make himself or herself understood.
D. To practice his or her writing skills.
A
3. Which two poems have rhyming words ( )
A. Poem A and Poem B. Poem E and Poem F.
C. Poem C and Poem D. Poem B and Poem E.
A
4. Which of the following is not mentioned in Poem E ( )
A. A butterfly. B. A blossom.
C. A child. D. A branch.
C
Ⅱ. 难句突破
1. One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”, ①__________________________________________________________________②__________________________________.
【分析】 本句是一个主从复合句。其中①为which引导的_______________从句, 修饰先行词list poem,②为 _______引导的定语从句, 修饰先行词things, people, ideas or descriptions。
【译文】 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
which contains a list of things, people, ideas, or descriptions
that develop a particular theme
非限制性定语
that
最简单的诗歌之一是“清单诗”, 它包含一份有关事物、人物、想法或描述性内容的清单, 形成一个特定主题。
2. Another simple form of poem ①_________________________________is the cinquain, ②_________________________________.
【分析】 本句是一个主从复合句。其中①为that引导的 _______ 从句, 修饰先行词poem,②为which引导的非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词 ___________ 。【译文】 _________________________________________________________________________
that amateurs can easily write
which is made up of five lines
定语
cinquain
另一种业余爱好者很容易就能写出来的形式简单的诗是五行诗, 它由五行组成。
Ⅲ. 概要写作
Step 1 Question Answering
根据课文内容回答下列问题。
1. What are the characteristics of nursery rhymes
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
They rhyme, have a strong rhythm and often repeat the same words. Although they may not make sense, they are easy to learn and recite.
2. Is the list poem one of the simplest kinds of poem
___________________________________________________________
Yes. The list poem is one of the simplest kinds of poem.
3. What are the characteristics of the list poem
_________________________________________________________________
The list poem has a flexible line length and repeated phrases.
4. How many lines is cinquain made up of
_____________________________________
Cinquain is made up of five lines.
5. What does cinquain convey
_____________________________________________________________________
It conveys a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words.
6. Is haiku a form of English poetry
__________________________________________
No. Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry.
7. How many syllables does haiku consist of
__________________________________
Haiku consists of 17 syllables.
8. What are the characteristics of haiku
_________________________________________________________________________________
It can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few words.
9. Has Tang poetry been translated into English
______________________________________________________________
Yes, a lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English.
Step 2 Sentence Rewriting
1. 用定语从句合并上文第2、3句。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The list poem, which has a flexible line length and repeated phrases, is one of the simplest kinds of poem.
2. 用非谓语动词合并上文第4、5句。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Cinquain, made up of five lines, conveys a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words.
3. 用同位语和非谓语动词合并上文第6、7、8句。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Haiku, a Japanese form of poetry, gives a clear picture and creates a special feeling using very few words, consisting of 17 syllables.
Step 3 Summary Writing
1. 将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的文章概要。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Here are a few simple forms of English poems. Nursery rhymes rhyme, have a strong rhythm and often repeat the same words. Although they may not make sense, they are easy to learn and recite. The list poem, which has a flexible line length and repeated phrases, is one of the simplest kinds of poem. Cinquain, made up of five lines, conveys a strong picture or a certain
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
mood in just a few words. Haiku, a Japanese form of poetry, gives a clear picture and creates a special feeling using very few words, consisting of 17 syllables. A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English.
1. sorrow n.悲伤; 悲痛; 伤心事 vi. 感到悲伤
Others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow. 另一些诗歌试图表达特定的情感, 如喜悦和悲伤。(教材P50)
典例翻译
① He expressed his sorrow at the news of her death.
_____________________________
听到她的死讯, 他表示哀伤。
② To his sorrow, his whole house was destroyed in the earthquake.
_______________________________________________
令他悲伤的是, 他的整座房子在地震中被毁掉了。
③ They said that the decision was made more in sorrow than in anger.
___________________________________________________________
他们说作出这个决定, 与其说是出于气愤, 不如说是出于悲伤。
④ Her friend was sorrowing over the loss of a child.
_________________________________
她的朋友在为失去孩子感到悲痛。
⑤ She looked at him with sorrowful eyes.
_________________________
她用悲伤的目光看着他。
归纳拓展
1.
（1） 表达悲伤 ________________________
令某人伤心的是 ___________________
(对某事)悲哀多于愤怒 _______________________________
express one’s sorrow
to one’s sorrow
more in sorrow than in anger
（2） 为……而悲伤 ______________
sorrow over
（3） adj. 悲伤的, 悲痛的 ____________
sorrowful
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① His father’s face looked suddenly soft and ____________ (sorrow).
sorrowful
② _____ our great sorrow, he died at his post.
To
（2） 完成句子
③该国降半旗以表达对地震死难者的悲痛。
The country lowered its flag to half-mast to ____________________________ who died in the earthquake.
express sorrow for people
2. to the point简明恰当的; 简洁中肯的
The language of these rhymes, like Poem A, is to the point but has a storyline. 这些童谣(如诗歌A)的语言简单明了, 但带有故事情节。(教材P50)
典例翻译
① I’ll come straight to the point: we need more money.
_____________________________
我就直说吧：我们还需要钱。
② I think you’ve missed the point.
_____________________
我想你没听懂重点。
③ I’m afraid what you’re saying now is off the point.
_________________________
恐怕你现在说的跑题了。
④ There’s no point in getting angry.
___________________
发火是没有用的。
⑤ I was on the point of giving up the search when something caught my eye in the bushes.
_________________________________________________
我正要放弃搜索时突然注意到灌木丛中有什么东西。
归纳拓展
（1） 直奔主题 _________________________________
没有理解要点 _________________
跑题 ________________
come/get straight to the point
miss the point
off the point
（2） 做某事没有用/没有意义 __________________________________
正要做某事(这时……) ____________________________________________
There’s no point in doing sth.
be on/at the point of doing sth. (when…)
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① Her comments were brief and _____the point.
to
② The climber was on the point of death _______ they found him.
when
（2） 单句写作
③担心是没有用的。
_________________________________
There’s no point in worrying.
3. make sense 有道理; 有意义; 讲得通; 是明智的
The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. 这些诗歌可能没什么道理, 甚至看起来自相矛盾, 但是它们容易学习和背诵。(教材P50)
典例翻译
① It makes sense to save money while you can.
_______________________________
钱能省就省, 这是明智的做法。
② She must try to make sense of what was going on.
_________________________________
她必须尽量弄懂正在发生的一切。
③ There’s no sense in worrying about it now.
_____________________________
现在大可不必为那件事忧虑。
④ In a sense, behavior cannot develop independently of the environment.
___________________________________________
在某种意义上, 行为不能独立于环境而发展。
⑤ In no sense can teaching in school be separated from practice.
___________________________
学校教学决不可脱离实践。
归纳拓展
（1） (对某人来说)做某事是明智的 ______________________________________理解/弄懂某事物 _____________________
It makes sense (for sb.) to do sth.
make sense of sth.
（2） 在某种意义上 _____________
决不(位于句首时, 句子用部分倒装) ______________
做某事是没有道理的 __________________________________
in a sense
in no sense
there’s no sense in doing sth.
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn’t make sense _________ (buy) the cheapest computer just to save a few dollars.
to buy
② In ____ sense, the generation gap is a sign of social progress, but it also results in difficulties in communication.
a
（2） 单句写作
③这个句子不通。
_____________________________________
This sentence doesn’t make sense.
4. be made up of 由……组成(构成)
Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up of five lines. 另一种业余爱好者很容易就能写出来的形式简单的诗是五行诗, 它由五行组成。(教材P51)
典例翻译
① The medical team is made up of three doctors and eight nurses.
= The medical team is composed of three doctors and eight nurses.
= The medical team consists of three doctors and eight nurses.
_______________________________________
这个医疗队由三名医生和八名护士组成。
② Farmers make up only 30% of the total population of the country.
__________________________________
农民仅占这个国家的总人口的30%。
③ After all the delays, we were anxious to make up for lost time.
___________________________________________
耽搁了这么久, 我们急着想弥补失去的时间。
归纳拓展
（1） 由……组成 _________________ = _____________
be composed of
consist of
（2） 组成 __________
弥补 ______________
make up
make up for
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① His enthusiasm makes up______ his lack of experience.
for
② This is an organization _____________ (consist) of eight countries.
consisting
（2） 完成句子
③我们班由52名同学组成, 他们都很友好, 也很努力。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ , all of whom are friendly and hard-working.
Our class is made up of 52 students/Our class is composed of 52 students/Our class consists of 52 students/52 students make up our class
5. mood n. 情绪; 心情; 语气
With these, you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words. 通过五行诗, 只用几句话, 你就可以传达出一幅动人的画面或表达一种特定的情绪。(教材P51)
典例翻译
① She’s in a good mood today.
___________________
她今天心情很好。
② He was obviously in a mood.
_______________________
很明显, 他心情不好。
③ We really felt in the mood for a party.
_______________________
我们非常想开场派对。
④ I’m too tired and I am in no mood to have a chat with you.
_______________________________
我太累了, 没有心情和你聊天。
归纳拓展
（1） 心情好/不好 ________________________
情绪不好 _______________
be in a good/bad mood
be in a mood
（2） 有意做某事/有做某事的心情 __________________________________________
没心情做某事/不想做某事 ____________________________________
be/feel in the mood for sth./to do sth.
be in no mood for sth./to do sth.
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① He’s been in ____ real mood all day.
a
② He was in no mood for ________ (be) polite to visitors.
being
（2） 完成句子
③在户外活动了一天之后, 你应该想好好吃一顿。
After a day of outdoor activities, you should be ______________________________ .
in the mood for a good meal
6. tease vi. & vt. 取笑(某人); 揶揄; 逗弄
Brother兄弟
Beautiful, athletic帅气, 爱运动
Teasing, shouting, laughing爱闹爱叫, 又爱笑(教材P51)
典例翻译
① She used to tease me about my hair.
___________________________
她过去总是取笑我的头发。
② It’s cruel to make fun of a cripple.
_______________________
取笑残疾人是残忍的。
③ The kids are always playing tricks on their teacher.
_______________________________
孩子们经常耍些花招戏弄老师。
归纳拓展
（1） 就某事取笑某人 _______________________
tease sb. about sth.
（2） 表示“取笑”的其他表达还有：
嘲笑某人 _______________
取笑某人 __________________
捉弄某人 ___________________________
戏弄某人 _____________________________
laugh at sb.
make fun of sb.
play a joke/jokes on sb.
play a trick/tricks on sb.
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① I used to get _________ (tease) about my name.
teased
② She played a trick _____ me by telling me David was having a party when he wasn’t.
on
（2） 完成句子
③取笑别人的体重和长相是不礼貌的。
It is impolite to _________________________________________________ .
tease others about their weight and appearance
1.“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构
The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. 这些诗歌可能没什么道理, 甚至看起来自相矛盾, 但是它们容易学习和背诵。(教材P50)
典例翻译
① The challenging task is impossible to complete in such a short period with so few workers.
___________________________________________________________________
这么少的工人在这么短的时间内完成这项具有挑战性的任务是不可能的。
② The morning air in summer is so good to breathe.
_________________________________
夏天早上的空气呼吸起来非常好。
③ The sentence is not easy to understand.
_______________________
这个句子不容易理解。
④ The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to sit on.
_______________________________________________
这把椅子看起来很硬, 但实际上它坐上去很舒服。
归纳拓展
（1） 在“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构中常使用不定式的主动形式表达 _______意义。使用此结构需具备两个前提条件：
①形容词用来说明不定式的 _______ 。常见的此类形容词有difficult, hard, impossible, easy, good, comfortable, dangerous, pleasant等。
②此结构中的主语是不定式的 ___________。
被动
特征
逻辑宾语
（2） 在该结构中, 如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词, 则必须在其后加上相应的_______ 。
介词
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① [2019课标全国Ⅰ] Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive _____________ (perform) consistently over a large area.
to perform
② (2019北京)Credibility is hard __________(earn) but easy __________ (lose), and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.
to earn
to lose
（2） 单句写作
③这个房间住起来很舒服。
______________________________________
The room is comfortable to live in.
2. 现在分词短语作状语
It is easy to write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few words. 它创作起来很容易, 就像五行诗一样, 能用很少的词描绘出一幅清晰的画面, 表达一种特殊的情感。(教材P51)
典例翻译
① Seeing my parents waving in the crowd, I went running to them.
_________________________________________
看到我的父母在人群中挥手, 我跑向他们。
② The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking happily.
_______________________________________
孩子们跑出房间, 愉快地笑着、说着话。
③ Not knowing her address, I can’t write to her.
_______________________________________
由于不知道她的地址, 我没法给她写信。
④ Taking the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a dense wood.
___________________________________________________
沿着通向郊外的小道前进, 你会来到一片茂密的树林。
⑤ Though knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
___________________________________________
尽管知道了这一切, 他们还是让我赔偿损失。
⑥ Her husband died ten years ago, leaving her three children to look after.
_______________________________________________
她的丈夫十年前去世了, 留下三个孩子要她照顾。
⑦ Jane hurried back only to find that her mother had left.
_________________________________________
简匆忙赶回来却发现她的母亲已经离开了。
归纳拓展
（1） 现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、 _______ 、让步、 _______ 、 _______ 等。有时为了强调, 分词前会加when, while, if, though等连词。
条件
伴随
结果
（2） 现在分词短语作结果状语表示___________的结果; 而不定式作结果状语表示 意料之外 的结果, 且常与only 搭配使用。
自然而然
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① A city is the product of the human hand and mind, _____________ (reflect) man’s intelligence and creativity.
reflecting
② He hurried to the booking office only _____________ (tell) that all the tickets had been sold out.
to be told
（2） 完成句子
③新建的木制小屋沿着大街排成一排, 把旧城镇变成了梦境。
Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, ________________________________________ .
turning the old town into a dreamland
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1. He knew nothing of Greek ________ (戏剧).
drama
2. To learn more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese _______(民间的) music as an elective course.
folk
3. Jerry is an __________ (业余爱好者) who dances because he feels like it.
amateur
4. The movie captures the _______ (氛围)of the interwar years perfectly.
mood
5. She used to ________ (取笑) me about my bald head.
tease
6. The _________ (总体安排) of the new quiz show has proved popular.
format
7. The boat rocked up and down in _________ (节奏) with the sea.
rhythm
8. Most of them are extremely ___________ (脆弱的) and can be damaged by a simple touch.
delicate
9. Concern for the environment is at the _______ (核心) of our policies.
core
10. Write on one side of the paper and leave the other side ________ (空白的).
blank
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
compare with; express oneself; nursery rhyme; to the point; make sense; be made up of; in particular; quite a few; in spite of; transform…into…
1. ________________ letters and public phones, mobile phones and the Internet are faster and more convenient.
Compared with
2. The building needs ______________ repairs.
quite a few
3. This is a well-known ________________ which everyone recites as a child.
nursery rhyme
4. The explanation of the word in this English dictionary is brief and _______________ .
to the point
5. Young children often have difficulty ________________________ .
expressing themselves
6. In the face of the epidemic, people all over the world need to work together, or the efforts of individual countries will never _____________ .
make sense
7. English became the official language for business ______________ the fact that the population was largely French.
in spite of
8. Whenever a camera was pointed at her, Marilyn would instantly ____________ herself _______an outstanding star.
transform
into
9. Parents and teachers should ________________ act as better examples for children.
in particular
10. A Chinese team which _________________excellent medical workers went to Italy to offer assistance.
was made up of
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
1. There are 1. __________ (vary) reasons why people write poetry. Some poems tell 2. ____ story or describe something in a way that will give readers a strong impression. Others try to convey certain emotions. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express 3. _____________ (they). Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes, 4. ________ may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but are easy 5.
various
a
themselves
which
___________ (learn) and recite. One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem” 6. _______ a flexible line length and repeated phrases. Another simple form of poem that amateurs can 7. _________ (easy) write is the cinquain, which is made up of five lines. Besides, haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables, 8.______it is very popular with English writers. English speakers also enjoy poems from China, especially Tang poetry. A lot of Tang poetry 9. ______________________
but
has been translated
to learn
with
easily
(translate) into English in the past decades. With so many different forms of poetry 10. ____________ (choose) from, you may eventually want to write poems of your own. Give it a try!
to choose
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. She was very ____________ (sorrow) when her beauty company caught fire.
sorrowful
2. ___________ (literature) works of this kind are well received by the masses.
Literary
3. In critics’ eyes, Mo Yan’s works are ___________ (drama) with sharp languages and colorful characters.
dramatic
4. You’d better avoid beginning your speech with a _____________ (recite) of facts.
recitation
5. They were given sentences of one year and eight months _______________(respective).
respectively
6. Since childhood, her life has been ____________ (revolve) around table tennis.
revolving
7. Your reading speed and ________________ (comprehend) are tested during this exercise.
comprehension
8. I helped him put up some __________ (shelf) in his bedroom.
shelves
9. The safety of ____________ (civil) caught up in the fighting must be guaranteed.
civilians
10. Hearing that she would have the opportunity to represent her school to take part in the competition, she was _____ a good mood.
in
Ⅱ. 同义替换
sorrow; be made up of; contradictory; quite a few; in spite of; delicate; distinctive; convey
1. School education consists of not only teaching students academic subjects but also cultivating skills, such as teamwork skills. ________________
is made up of
2. She talked about her sadness after his death. _________
sorrow
3. I should express my appreciation to my high school teachers, without whose help I wouldn’t achieve such success. _________
convey
4. Despite his age, he still leads an active life. ______________
In spite of
5. A brand store has become famous for its characteristic scent. ______________
distinctive
6. They carefully packed the fragile china into cartons. ___________
delicate
7. A number of people are going to arrive early. ______________
Quite a few
8. We are faced with two apparently conflicting statements. ________________
contradictory
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 因为有很多工作要做, 所以他匆匆忙忙地离开了。(with复合结构)
___________________________ , he left in a hurry.
With a lot of work to do
2. 这个女孩看上去十分冷漠, 但事实上她很容易相处。(主语+be+形容词+不定式)
The girl seems very cold, but in fact ________________________________ .
she is easy to get along with
3. 电脑给人们的日常生活带来了巨大的变化, 让生活更方便。(非谓语动词作状语)
Computers have brought dramatic changes to people’s daily life, _____________________________.
bringing great convenience
4. 城市的学校设施往往要好一些, 而农村的学校则相对差一些。(while)Schools in cities tend to be better equipped, _________________________________________________.
while those in rural areas are relatively poor
5. 我们都不知道他为什么拒绝了他们给的工作。（why）
None of us knew the reason _______________________________________.
why he rejected the job they offered
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
[2020山东济南历城二中十月学情检测]
Sam is a fourth-year student at Harvard Medical School, but poetry is still a big part of his life, now with a new teacher, Rafael Campo, who believes poetry can benefit every doctor’s education and work. Rafael is a physician, professor and a highly respected poet.
“Poetry is in every encounter （邂逅） with my patients. I think healing really in a very great way is about poetry. And if we do
anything when we’re with our patients, we’re really immersing （使沉浸于） ourselves in their stories, really hearing their voices. And, certainly, that’s what a poem does,” he said.
Rafael worries that something important has been lost in medicine and medical education today: humanity, which he finds in poetry. To that end, he leads a weekly reading and writing workshop for medical students and residents （住院医师）.
He thinks medical training focuses too much on distancing the doctor from his or her patients, and poems can help close that gap.
Third-year resident Andrea Schwartz was one of the workshop regulars. She said, “I think there’s no other professions other than medicine that produces as many writers as it does. And I think that is because there’s just so much power in doctors and patients interacting when patients are at their saddest.” Not everyone believes that’s what doctors should do, though.
Rafael said, “I was afraid how people might judge me, actually. In the medical profession, as many people know, we must always put the emergency first. But, you know, that kind of treatment, if it’s happening in the hospital, very regrettably, sadly, results
in a bad outcome. The family is sitting by the bedside. The patient hasn’t survived the cancer. Don’t we still have a role as healers there ”
In a poem titled “Health”, Rafael writes the wish to live forever in a world made painless by our incurable joy. He says he will continue teaching students, helping patients and writing poems, his own brand of medicine.
1. What do we know about Rafael Campo ( )
A. He works as a doctor.
B. He is under medical care.
C. He is a literary professor.
D. He knows little about poetry.
A
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第一段中的Rafael is a physician可知答案。
2. What does the author try to show in Paragraph 2 ( )
A. The importance of medical training.
B. The effect of poetry on medical treatment.
C. The similarity involved in poetry and medical work.
D. The present relationship between patients and doctors.
C
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段中的Poetry is in every encounter （邂逅） with my patients. 和that’s what a poem does可知, 在第二段中作者想表达诗歌和医护工作的相通之处。
3. What does Andrea Schwartz think of poetry ( )
A. It comforts patients’ family.
B. It contributes to medical work.
C. It has nothing to do with doctors.
D. It keeps doctors away from patients.
B
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】 根据倒数第三段中的And I think that is because there’s just so much power in doctors and patients interacting可知, Andrea Schwartz认为诗歌有助于医生和病人之间的互动, 医生和病患关系紧密就有助于医疗效果, 因此, Andrea Schwartz认为诗歌有利于医疗工作。
4. What is Rafael Campo’s view on poetry ( )
A. It requires a lot of spare time.
B. It can provide a useful tool for doctors.
C. It has little effect on patients’ conditions.
D. It should be included in emergency treatment.
B
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据最后两段的内容特别是末段中的his own brand of medicine可知, Rafael Campo认为诗歌对医生来说是一个有用的工具。
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是新闻报道。诗歌不只是文人墨客的专属, 它还为前赴后继的医护人员带来内心的慰藉, 它是医护工作中的润滑剂, 是治愈伤痛的“良药”。
深度解析
词汇积累
regular n. 常客; 老主顾 2. interact v. 交流; 沟通
3. emergency n. 紧急情况; 突发事件 4. treatment n. 对待; 治疗
5. incurable adj. 不能治愈的; 不能改变的
Ⅱ. 完形填空
[2020辽宁省六校协作体高二期中联考]
When middle-aged Alex _1_his job and made up his mind to become a freelance writer, no one could tell for sure whether he would succeed or not. He found a cold storage room in a building, set up a used typewriter and settled down to work.
After a year or so, however, Alex began to _2_himself. He found it was difficult to earn his living by _3_what he wrote. But Alex determined to put his dream to the test even if it meant living with uncertainty and fear of _4_.
One day Alex got a（an） _5___,“We need an assistant, and we’re paying ＄6,000 a year.” ＄6,000 was _6__money in 1960. It would enable Alex to get a nice apartment, a used car and more. As the dollars were dancing in Alex’s head, something _7__his senses. He had dreamed of being a full-time _8__. “Thanks but no,” Alex said _9_, “I’m going to stick it out and write.”
After Alex got off the phone, he _10_everything he had: two cans of vegetables and 18 cents. Alex put the cans and cents into a paper bag, saying to himself, “This is _11_you’ve had so far.”
Finally his work was _12__in 1970. Instantly he had the kind of fame and success that few writers _13_experienced.
Then one day, Alex found the paper bag. Suddenly he _14_himself working in that cold storage room. It reminds Alex, and anyone with a dream, of the _15__and perseverance it takes to stay the course in the shadow land.
1. ( )A. dreaded B. imagined C. assigned D. quit
D
[解析] 根据句意可知, Alex放弃了自己的工作, 决定做一个自由作家。quit离开; 停止。故D项正确。
2. ( )A. doubt B. check C. teach D. hate
A
[解析] 根据He found it was difficult to earn his living by…可知, 那时的Alex不自信了, 对自己产生怀疑。故A项正确。
3. ( )A. collecting B. selling
C. reading D. purchasing
B
[解析] 根据语境可知Alex很难靠卖作品为生。故B项正确。
4. ( )A. failure B. difficulty C. loss D. danger
A
[解析] 此空应选一个与uncertainty相呼应的词。故A项正确。
5. ( )A. email B. message C. note D. call
D
[解析] 根据下文的After Alex got off the phone…可知, 他接了一个电话。故D项正确。
6. ( )A. certain B. real C. right D. high
B
[解析] 根据It would enable Alex to get a nice apartment, a used car and more. 可知,＄6,000可以买很多东西, 是一笔可观的钱。故B项正确。
7. ( )A. cleared B. controlled C. attracted D. struck
A
[解析] 根据Thanks but no…可知, 当他意识清醒后他拒绝了。clear(使)变清醒。故A项正确。
8. ( )A. writer B. dancer C. driver D. salesman
A
[解析] 根据第一段第一句可知答案。故A项正确。
9. ( )A. happily B. slowly C. firmly D. peacefully
C
[解析] 根据I’m going to stick it out and write. 可知, 他很坚定。故C项正确。
10. ( )A. handed out B. pulled out
C. gave away D. gave way
B
[解析] 根据语境可知, 他拿出了一切他拥有的东西。故B项正确。
11. ( )A. nothing B. anything
C. something D. everything
D
[解析] 根据上一句everything he had: two cans of vegetables and 18 cents可知答案。故D项正确。
12. ( )A. published B. completed
C. cheered up D. come out
A
[解析] 根据Instantly he had the kind of fame and success…可知, 他的作品出版了。come out是不及物动词短语, 意思是：出版。故A项正确。
13. ( )A. even B. ever C. gently D. actually
B
[解析] 很快他有了为数不多的作家曾经能够享有的名誉和成功。故B项正确。
14. ( )A. guaranteed B. told
C. described D. pictured
D
[解析] 根据语境, 看到了多年前的东西, 他想到了多年前的画面。故D项正确。
15. ( )A. honesty B. intelligence
C. courage D. humor
C
[解析] Alex的成功充分说明需要勇气和坚持不懈。故C项正确。
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文, 讲述了已到中年的Alex放弃了自己的工作, 克服种种困难, 最后成为一名成功作家的故事。
深度解析
词汇积累
make up one’s mind某人下定决心 2. earn one’s living 谋生
3. assistant n. 助手 4. instantly adv. 立刻; 马上
5. fame n. 名声; 名誉; 名气 6. perseverance n. 毅力(共71张PPT)
UNIT 5 POEMS
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
（定语从句）
教材链接
（1）（教材P50）There are various reasons why people compose poetry.
（2）（教材P50）One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”, which contains a list of things, people, ideas, or descriptions that develop a particular theme.
（3）（教材P50）List poems have a flexible line length and
repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.
（4）（教材P51）Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up of five lines.
（5）（教材P51）Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables.
（6）（教材P51）The haiku poem （E） on the right is a translation from Japanese, which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly.
观察上面句子, 它们中均包含了 ___________, 其中（1）、（3）、（5）中的定语从句为_________ 定语从句, （6）中的为 ___________ 定语从句, （2）和（4）中既有限制性定语从句也有非限制性定语从句。
定语从句
限制性
非限制性
要点精析
1. 定语从句的基本概述
（1）定义：在主从复合句中, 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般跟在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。
（2）先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
（3）关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
①关系词有关系代词和关系副词两类。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as; 关系副词有when, where, why等。
②关系词的作用主要有三点：连接主从句、替代先行词、在定语从句中作成分。
2.定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度, 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
（1）限制性定语从句紧跟先行词, 不用逗号与主句隔开, 删除后会影响整个句子的表达。
She is the nurse who looks after the children.
她就是照料这些孩子的保姆。
Do you still remember the man who taught us English
你还记得教我们英语的那位男士吗？
（2）非限制性定语从句常用逗号与主句隔开, 起补充说明的作用, 如省略, 句子意思仍然完整明确。
The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found.
他昨天丢了的那本书已经找到了。
His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿, 下个星期就要回来了。
3. 关系代词的用法
（1）基本用法
关系代词 指人 指物 主语 宾语 表语 定语
that √ √ √ √ √
which √ √ √ √
who √ √ √ √
whom √ √
whose √ √ √
as √ √ √ √ √
This is the present (that/which) Jack gave me for my birthday. 这是杰克送给我的生日礼物。
The work that/which has just been finished is very important. 刚刚完成的那份工作很重要。
The man (who/whom/that) you met just now is my old friend. 你刚才遇见的那个人是我的老朋友。
The number of people that/who come to visit the city each year reaches one million. 每年来这座城市游览的人数达到了一百万。
This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.这就是那位成就卓著的科学家。
（2）宜用that, 不宜用which的情况
①先行词是all、few、little（少）、much、none、nothing、everything、something等不定代词, 或被它们修饰时。
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself
你有什么要为自己说的吗？
Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said
你已经把李先生所说的话全部记下来了吗？
②先行词是序数词或形容词的最高级或被序数词、形容词的最高级修饰时。
This is the best way that has been used against pollution. 这是已经用过的抗污染的最好的办法。
The last place that we visited in Beijing was the Great Wall. 我们在北京参观的最后一个地方是长城。
③当先行词被the only, the very等修饰时。
This is the very bus that I’m waiting for.
这就是我正在等的公交车。
This is the only bike that I can afford.
这是我能买得起的唯一的一辆自行车。
④先行词既有人又有物时。
I can remember well the person and pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚地记得我在那个房间所见到的人和照片。
⑤当主句是以which, who等疑问词开头的疑问句时。
Which is the bike that you lost
哪辆是你丢的自行车？
⑥主句是there be句型且关系词在从句中作主语时。
There is a seat in the corner that is still available.
在那个角落还有一个空座位。
（3）宜用which不宜用that的情况
①在非限制性定语从句中, 用which, 不用that。
China Today attracts a worldwide readership, which shows more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. 《今日中国》吸引了世界各地的读者, 这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。
②关系代词前有介词时, 通常用which, 而不用that。
This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.
这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。
（4）as引导的定语从句
①as 引导限制性定语从句。as既可以指人, 也可以指物。在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语。常用在so…as…, such…as…, as…as…, the same…as…等结构中。
I have got into the same trouble as he has.
我惹了和他一样的麻烦。
Such reasons as we give can persuade him to give up this foolish plan. 我们给出的这些理由可以说服他放弃这个愚蠢的计划。
②as引导非限制性定语从句时, 意为“正如; 正像”, 可放在句首、句末或句中。常用的表达有：
as we all know = as is known to us all 众所周知
as is reported/expected 正如报道/预料的那样
as is often the case 情况常常是这样
as has been said before 正如之前所说
4. 关系副词的用法
状语
when where why
时间状语 地点状语 原因状语
Opposite is St Paul’s Cathedral, where you can hear some lovely music. 对面是圣保罗大教堂, 在那里你能听到一些优美的音乐。
I will never forget the days when I stayed in Tibet.
我永远不会忘记待在西藏的日子。
We don’t know the reason why he didn’t attend the party. 我们不知道他没参加聚会的原因。
注意：
当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词, 如point, stage, case, situation, position等, 且关系词在定语从句中作状语时, 通常用关系副词where。
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
There are cases where this rule is inapplicable.
在一些情况下, 这个规则是不适用的。
5.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词, 且关系词在定语从句中作状语时, 用关系副词引导定语从句。有时可用“介词+关系代词”结构替换关系副词。
（1）关系代词的选用
“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时, 若先行词指人, 关系代词常用whom; 若先行词指物, 关系代词常用which。
In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn. 在黑暗的街道上, 没有一个她可以求助的人。
Scientists try to protect the island on which rare animals live. 科学家努力保护那个稀有动物居住的岛。
（2）介词的选用
①根据定语从句中动词或形容词的某种习惯搭配。
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill on/upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
This is the new product with which the boss is very satisfied. 这是老板非常满意的那款新产品。
②根据先行词的搭配习惯。
There are various ways in which we can solve this problem. 我们有很多方法可以解决这个问题。
③根据定语从句所表达的意义。
The colorless gas without which we can’t live is called oxygen. 这种我们离开它就不能生存的无色气体被称为氧气。
实战演练
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. [2020课标全国Ⅰ] The best books are the ones _______ open further as time passes.
that
2. [2020课标全国Ⅰ] We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things _____________ we use every day.
that/which
3. [2020课标全国Ⅰ] The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, ________ is about five miles longer than the marathon.
which
4. [2020课标全国Ⅰ] Here’s a handful of ways _____________ will set you in the right direction.
that/which
5. [2020全国新高考Ⅰ] Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, ______ will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.
who
6. [2020课标全国Ⅱ] I see libraries as a safe haven（避风港） for readers and writers, a bridge _____________helps put together a reader with a book.
that/which
7. [2020课标全国Ⅲ] In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike.
whose
8. [2020天津] Dr. Rowan, ________secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
whose
9. [2020江苏] Many lessons are now available online, _______ which students can choose for free.
from
10. [2020海南] Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way ________________ their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree.
that/in which
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. 我们已经进入一个梦想有机会成真的最佳时代。
We have entered into an age ___________________________________________________ .
where dreams have the best chance of coming true
2. 夹克的边缘上有一块布, 可以在黑暗中发光。
On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___________________________________ .
that gives off light in the dark
3. 这是我读过的最有趣的书之一。
This is __________________________________________________________ .
one of the most interesting books that I have ever read
4. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想, 他们中大部分都接受过良好的教育。
Many young people, _________________________________ , headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
most of whom are well-educated
5. 正如报道的那样, 吸烟的人数仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。
The number of smokers, _________________ , has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
as is reported
6. 桌面上那些封面闪闪发亮的书是我们的奖品。
The books on the desk, ___________________________ , are prizes for us.
whose covers are shining
7. 幸福和成功经常青睐那些善于发现自身优势的人。Happiness and success often come to those __________________________________________________ .
who are good at recognizing their own strengths
8. 我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周, 届时天气可能会更好。
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _________________________________ .
when the weather may be better
9. 一个月后我们将会达到年初所定的销售目标。
We’ll reach the sales targets in a month _________________________________________________ .
that/which we set at the beginning of the year
10. 他在当地一所高中上的学, 后来考上了北京大学。
He was educated at a local high school, ___________________________________________________ .
after which he was admitted to Peking University
基础达标练
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. She was very ______________ (sympathy) to the problems of adult students.
sympathetic
2. The new evidence will prove their ____________ (innocent).
innocence
3. The editor welcomes _________________ (correspond) from readers on any subject.
correspondence
4. The firm has achieved a ___________ (dominate) position in the world market.
dominant
5. Poetry written _______ the perspective of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.
from
6. I have the greatest _____________ (admire) for all those involved in the project.
admiration
7. He also found some list of game fans looking for various ___________ (version) of the game.
versions
8. Forecasters say the storms may not be as bad as they ____________ (initial) predicted.
initially
9. Many foreign tourists fall in love _______ China the first time they pay a visit to this great country.
with
10. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on what could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they ___________ (sow).
had sown
Ⅱ. 句型转换
将下列句子合并为含有定语从句的主从复合句。
1. I live next door to a couple. Their children often make a lot of noise.
_________________________________________________________________________
I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.
2. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears. None of them has been proved.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.
3. When you start your journey with positive thinking, you would meet wonderful people. You can share positive attitudes with them.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When you start your journey with positive thinking, you would meet wonderful people, with whom you can share positive attitudes.
4. The professor always spends the whole day in the bookshop. He found a new dictionary there yesterday.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The professor always spends the whole day in the bookshop where/in which he found a new dictionary yesterday.
5. We have to plant trees as many as possible. The reason is that they can supply fresh air to us.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The reason why/for which we have to plant trees as many as possible is that they can supply fresh air to us.
6. It is a truly delightful place. It looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It is a truly delightful place, which looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
7. Students should involve themselves in community activities. They can gain experience for growth from them.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Students should involve themselves in community activities where/from which they can gain experience for growth.
8. The Adulthood Ceremony was held in the school lecture hall. It can seat approximately 500 students.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Adulthood Ceremony was held in the school lecture hall that/which can seat approximately 500 students.
9. This is his first cinquain. It was composed in English.
___________________________________________________________
This is his first cinquain that was composed in English.
10. I am looking for a secretary. He or she can use a computer well.
_________________________________________________________________
I am looking for a secretary that/who can use a computer well.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 出于对那些孩子的怜悯, 我打算把一个月的薪水捐给这个孤儿院。（out of sympathy）
___________________________________, I intend to donate a month’s salary to the orphanage.
Out of sympathy for the children
2. 我们应该努力做到言行一致, 因为只有这样我们才能赢得别人的信任。（correspond with/to）
We should strive to ________________________________________________because only in this way can we win the trust of others.
make our actions correspond with/to our words
3. 在我看来, 取得很大进步的学生也应该得到奖励。（perspective）
______________________, students who make great progress should also be rewarded.
From my perspective
4. 梵高对现代绘画的发展有着重大影响。（have an influence on）
Van Gogh ___________________________ the development of modern painting.
had a major influence on
5. 他不确定此人是否是无罪的。（be innocent of）
He wasn’t sure ____________________________________________ .
whether the man was innocent of any crime
素养综合练
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
[2020山西大学附属中学高二上期中]
Every week in China, millions of people would sit in front of their TVs watching teenagers compete for the title “Character Hero”, which was a Chinese-style spelling bee （拼字比赛）. In this challenge, young competitors must write Chinese characters by hand. To prepare for the competition, the competitors usually spent months studying dictionaries.
Perhaps the show’s popularity should not be a surprise. Along
with gunpowder and paper, many Chinese people consider the creation of Chinese calligraphy (书法) to be one of their primary contributions to civilization. Unfortunately, all over the country, Chinese people are forgetting how to write their own language without computerized help. Software on smartphones and computers allows users to type based on the basic sound of the word using the Latin alphabet. The correct character is chosen from a list. The result It’s possible to recognize characters without remembering how to write them.
But there’s still hope for the paintbrush. Ministry of Education
of the People’s Republic of China wants children to spend more time learning how to write.
In one Beijing primary school we visited, students practice calligraphy every day inside a specially decorated classroom with traditional Chinese paintings hanging on the walls. Soft music plays as a group of six-year-olds dip brush pens into black ink. They look up at the blackboard often to study their teacher’s examples before carefully attempting to reproduce those characters on thin rice paper. “If adults can survive without using handwriting, why bother to teach it now ” we ask the calligraphy
teacher, Shen Bin. “The ability to write characters is part of Chinese tradition and culture,” she reasons. “Students must learn now so they don’t forget when they grow up,”says the teacher.
1. What can we learn about the “Character Hero” ( )
A. It drew great public attention across the country.
B. It was open to people of all ages and all walks.
C. It was the most-viewed TV program in China.
D. It aimed to spread Chinese culture to the world.
A
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第一段中Every week in China, millions of people would sit in front of their TVs watching teenagers compete for the title “Character Hero”可知, 在中国, 每周都有数百万人坐在电视机前观看这个节目, 所以节目吸引了公众的注意力。故选A。
2. Why are Chinese people forgetting how to write the characters
( )
A. Chinese people don’t refer to dictionaries very often.
B. Chinese people no longer use brush pens or practice calligraphy.
C. Chinese people are using the Latin alphabet instead of the characters.
D. Chinese people needn’t write by hand as often with the help of technology.
D
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第二段…Chinese people are forgetting how to write…using the Latin alphabet. 可知, 智能手机和电脑上的软件允许用户使用拉丁字母输入汉字的基本发音。所以在科技的帮助下, 中国人不需要经常用手写字导致了中国人正在逐渐忘记如何书写汉字。故选D。
3. According to Shen Bin, being able to write characters by hand is ____.
A. an ability to be developed only when you are students
B. a requirement made by the Ministry of Education
C. necessary for adults to survive in China
D. helpful to keep Chinese tradition and culture alive
D
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据短文最后一段中The ability to write characters is part of Chinese tradition and culture…可知, 汉字书写能力是中国传统文化的一部分。所以可以推断出能够手写汉字有助于保持中国传统文化的活力。故选D。
4. Where does this text probably come from ( )
A. A science report. B. A news report.
C. Children’s literature. D. An advertisement.
B
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】本文由《中国汉字听写大会》引入, 介绍了汉字书写的现状及重要性。由此可推知本文是一篇新闻报道, 所以文章可能来自报纸。故选B。
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文由《中国汉字听写大会》引入, 介绍了汉字书写的现状及重要性。
深度解析
词汇积累
1. competitor n. 竞争者; 对手
2. gunpowder n. 火药
3. civilization n. 文明
4. calligraphy n. 书法
Ⅱ. 语法填空
[2021安徽黄山第一学期高二期末质量检测] A
Friendship is an important theme in all kinds of art. _1____________straightforward or implicit（含蓄的）, it shows up in poetry from around the world.
The seven-character poem To Wang Lun, _2____________（write） by Tang poet Li Bai （701-762）, is a good example of poetry that _3____________（carry） this theme. It describes a scene in which the poet’s friend Wang Lun, hurried to see him off, _4___________（show） true friendship.
Whether
written
carries
showing
While the poem starts with ordinary images, it ends with passionate and sincere emotions. Li used simile （比喻） to state that _5__________deep the water might be, it still paled in front of their deep friendship. The poet aims _6__________（avoid） praising the friendship directly, _7_______would be much less poetic.
The first two lines give us background information. Li was on _8_________boat about to travel. _9________________ （sudden）, he heard someone singing on the shore. The starting lines are so plain and simple that they almost read like prose （散文）.
however
to avoid
which
a
Suddenly
They even contain names, something rarely _10____________ （see） in traditional Chinese poetry. It shows Li’s character-he is free and wild.
seen
1. __________
Whether
[解析] 考查连词。根据句意可知, 此处为whether…or…“不管……还是……”引导的让步状语从句的省略形式, 注意首字母要大写, 故填Whether。
2. __________
written
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析可知, 此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语, 逻辑主语poem与write为被动关系, 所以用过去分词形式。故填written。
3. __________
carries
[解析] 考查时态。分析可知, 设空处为定语从句的谓语动词, that为关系代词, 指代先行词example, 结合is, 所以此处用一般现在时。故填carries。
4. __________
showing
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析可知, 此处应用非谓语动词作状语, show与句子主语It为逻辑上的主动关系, 应用现在分词形式。故填showing。
5. __________
however
[解析] 考查让步状语从句。句式however+形容词/副词+主语+谓语, 意为“无论……”, however引导让步状语从句。
6. ___________
to avoid
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。aim to do sth. 意为“旨在做某事”。故填to avoid。
7. ________
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句, 修饰前面的内容, 从句缺少主语, 所以用关系代词which。
8. ____
a
[解析] 考查冠词。boat为可数名词单数, 此处表泛指, 应用不定冠词, 且boat的发音是辅音音素开头, 应用冠词a。
9. ___________
Suddenly
[解析] 考查副词。修饰整个句子要用副词, 注意首字母大写。故填Suddenly。
10. _______
seen
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析可知, 设空处为修饰something的后置定语, 逻辑主语something与see为被动关系, 所以要用过去分词形式。故填seen。
[解析] [语篇解读] 这是一篇说明文。本文是一篇诗歌鉴赏, 主要介绍了李白的著名诗篇《赠汪伦》, 诗中描述了朋友汪伦为诗人送行的一个场景, 表现出真正的友谊。
[2021江苏常州“教学研究合作联盟”高二上期中] B
Shijing, also The Book of Songs, is the _1______________ (early) collection of Chinese poetry. It consists of 305 poems _2______________ (date) from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle stage of the Spring and Autumn Period. Nowadays, Confucius is generally believed to be the _3______________ (edit) of the book.
Shijing is rich in content, _4__________________(reflect) love and labor, war and slavery, customs and marriage, ancestor worship and special events. It is a mirror of social life.
earliest
dating
editor
reflecting
All the poems included in Shijing fall into three sections-poems that come from villages belong to Feng; the poems_5_______________ (write) to persuade or praise the rulers belong to Ya; those used at religious ceremonies belong to Song. Ya and Song are flowery and serious in language, _6_____________ Feng is relatively inspiring and full of passion.
The opening poem of Shijing, Cooing and Wooing (《关雎》), is about love, which _7_____________ (read):
written
while
reads
By riverside are cooing
A pair of turtledoves;
A good young man is wooing
A fair maiden he loves.
Through these lines, the poet expresses the man’s _8_______(long) for a girl and his hope that one day he can win over the girl’s heart.
longing
At the beginning of ancient Chinese poetry, Shijing enables people to have a better understanding of Chinese civilization. _9_________________________________________________ , it is also frequently quoted in other Chinese text and has always been referred to _10__________ moral truth and lessons.
Moreover/Besides/Furthermore/Additionally
as
1. ___________
earliest
[解析] 考查形容词最高级。根据常识和句意可知,《诗经》是中国最早的诗歌集, 所以空处需用形容词最高级形式。故填earliest。
2. _________
dating
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词consists, 且空处没有连词, 所以空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词poems, 空处动词date与名词poems之间是主动关系, 所以空处需用现在分词dating作后置定语。
3. _________
editor
[解析] 考查名词。根据句意可知, 此处需用名词editor, 表示“编辑”, 故填editor。
4. _____________
reflecting
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 空处需用非谓语动词作定语, 空处动词reflect与句子主语之间是主动关系, 所以空处需用现在分词reflecting。
5. __________
written
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知, 空处需用分词作后置定语修饰名词poems, 空处动词与名词poems之间是被动关系, 所以空处需用过去分词written作后置定语。
6. ________
while
[解析] 考查连词。根据前后句意可知，前后有对比之意，所以空处需用连词while“然而”。
7. ________
reads
[解析] 考查时态和主谓一致。本句陈述一个事实, 谓语动词需用一般现在时, 主语是The opening poem of Shijing, 单数, 谓语动词需用reads。
8. __________
longing
[解析] 考查名词。 分析句子结构可知, 空处作动词expresses的宾语, 所以空处需用名词longing, 意为（对……的）渴望。
9. ____________________________________________
Moreover/Besides/Furthermore/Additionally
[解析] 考查副词。根据句意可知, 此处表示递进关系, 所以空处需用副词Moreover/Besides/Furthermore/Additionally“此外”。
10. _____
as
[解析] 6考查连词。 根据前后句意可知, 前后有对比之意, 所以空处需用连词while“然而”。
考查介词。be referred to as被称为, 故填as。
[解析] [语篇解读] 这是一篇说明文。文章给我们科普了《诗经》的一些知识。(共80张PPT)
UNIT 5 POEMS
Section Ⅲ Using Language
Ⅰ. 词汇拓展
1. _________ /'p l /vt. 修改; 润色; 抛光 n. 上光剂; 抛光; 擦亮→ ___________ /'p l t/adj. 擦亮的; 磨光的
polish
polished
2. ______________ /'k mpl ke t d/adj. 复杂的; 难懂的→ _____________ /?k mpl ke t/vt. 使复杂化
complicated
complicate
3. ____________ /?ve ri’e n/n. 变化; 变体; 变奏曲→ _______ /'ve ri/v. (根据情况)变化; 改变→ __________ /v 'ra ti/n. (同一事物的)不同种类; 多样化→ __________ /'ve ri s/adj. 各种各样的
variation
vary
variety
various
4. _________ /'re l/adj. 种族的; 人种的→ _______ /re s/n. 人种; 种族
racial
race
5. ____________ /ent 'te n/v. 招待; 款待; 娱乐; 使快乐→ ________________ /ent 'te nm nt/n. 娱乐活动; 招待; 款待
entertain
entertainment
Ⅱ. 情境词块
1. pour out _________________________________________
毫无保留地表达感情(或思想等); 畅所欲言
2. hold onto _______________
抓紧; 不放开
3. care about _____________
关注; 担忧
4. in addition to _____________
除……之外
5. 偶然遇到 ______________
come across
6. 跟上; 与……保持同步 _______________
keep up with
7. 熟悉 ___________________
be familiar with
8. 谋生 ________________
make a living
Ⅲ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 疑问词+to do
教材原句 Before you read, discuss how to understand a poem with your partner. 在你阅读之前, 和你的搭档讨论如何理解一首诗。
中文例句 我的问题是在哪里可以找到答案。
句式仿写 My question is___________________________________________.
where to find the answer
2.
句型公式 wherever引导让步状语从句
教材原句 And then when I found it, wherever it blew, I should know that the wind had been going there too. 后来当我找到它时, 无论它飘到哪儿, 我都知道风肯定也曾经去过那里。
中文例句 无论他们走到哪里, 都受到了热烈的欢迎。
句式仿写 They were warmly welcomed_________________________________.
wherever they go
背景导学
本栏目的活动主题是写一篇诗歌赏析类文章, 依据“Listening and Speaking”的交际功能, 使语言的“听、说、读、写”能力进一步得到落实。诗歌是最古老的文学样式和艺术形式之一, 是人类表达情感的一种重要方式, 理解和欣赏诗歌, 并在此基础上创作诗歌, 不仅可以陶冶情操, 也可以提高学生的思维能力、思考能力、写作能力和语言表达能力。
文本改写
教材原文 WIND ON THE HILL No one can tell me, Nobody knows, Where the wind comes from, Where the wind goes. It’s flying from somewhere As fast as it can, 教材译文
山上的风
没有人能够告诉我,
也没有人会知道,
风来自哪里,
又将去往哪里。
它从某个地方吹来,
尽它所能, 飞快地吹来,
续表
教材原文 I couldn’t keep up with it, Not if I ran. But if I stopped holding The string of my kite, It would blow with the wind For a day and a night. 教材译文
我追不上它,
即使我奔跑。
但如果我停下来
不再握紧手中的风筝线,
它将随风飘走,
一天一夜。
教材原文 And then when I found it, Wherever it blew, I should know that the wind Had been going there too. So then I could tell them Where the wind goes… But where the wind comes from Nobody knows. A.A.Milne 教材译文
后来当我找到它时,
无论它飘到哪儿,
我都知道风肯定
也曾经去过那里。
所以我就能告诉人们
风去了哪里……
但是风从哪里来,
没有人知道。
A.A.米尔恩
续表
DREAM Hold fast to dreams, For if dreams die Life is a broken-winged bird That cannot fly. Hold fast to dreams, For when dreams go Life is a barren field Frozen with snow. Langston Hughes 梦想
紧握梦想,
梦想若是消亡,
生命就如折翼的小鸟,
再也不能飞翔。
紧握梦想,
梦想若是逝去,
生命就如贫瘠的荒原,
雪覆冰封,
万物不再生长。
兰斯顿·休斯
续表
A MATCH If love were what the rose is, And I were the leaf, Our lives would grow together In sad or singing weather, Brown fields or flowerful closes, Green pleasure or grey grief; If love were what the rose is, And I were like the leaf. A.C.Swinburne 佳偶
爱情若是玫瑰,
我便是绿叶,
花和叶同生同长,
无论天气阴沉或晴朗,
在田野或花坞,
共享喜悦共担忧伤;
爱情若是玫瑰,
我便是绿叶。
A.C.斯温伯恩
续表
请再次阅读第一首诗WIND ON THE HILL, 并写一篇简单的诗歌赏析。
【审题谋篇】
【词汇储备】
1. 朗读 _____________
read aloud
2. 押韵 ________
rhyme
3. 生动的 ________
vivid
4. 由……组成 ________________
be made up of
5. 描写的; 描述的 ______________
descriptive
6. 追逐; 追赶 ________
chase
7. 在我看来 ________________________
from my point of view
【句型运用】
1. A.A.米尔恩的《山上的风》这首诗有20行。
________________________________________________________
WIND ON THE HILL by A.A.Milne is made up of 20 lines.
2. 当我朗读这首诗时, 我能听到一些诗句的结尾是押韵的——“knows”和“goes”, “kite”和“night”。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When I read the poem aloud I can hear that the ends of some lines rhyme—“knows” and “goes”, “kite” and “night”.
3. 这些韵律词听起来不错, 使这首诗读起来朗朗上口。
_____________________________________________________________________
These rhyming words sound nice and make the poem pleasing to read.
4. 我喜欢这首诗因为它的语言是具有描述性的。
________________________________________________________
I love this poem because its language is descriptive.
5. 通过这首诗的描述, 我可以看到一幅生动的画面。
________________________________________________________
Through the description, I could see a vivid picture.
6. 当我闭上眼睛, 我可以看到风吹过山和山谷, 风筝在风中高高飘扬, 诗人跑着追逐它。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When I close my eyes, I can see the wind blowing across the hill and valley, kites flying high in the wind and the poet running to chase it.
7. 在我看来, 诗人试图描述风之美, 让我们感受到大自然的魅力。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
From my point of view, the poet is trying to describe the beauty of the wind and makes us feel the charm of nature.
【句式升级】
1. 用定语从句升级第4句。 (The reason why…is that…)
_______________________________________________________________________
The reason why I love this poem is that its language is descriptive.
2. 用非限制性定语从句合并第4、5句。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The reason why I love this poem is that its language is descriptive, through which I could see a vivid picture.
【串句成文】
1. 将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WIND ON THE HILL by A.A.Milne is made up of 20 lines. When I read the poem aloud I can hear that the ends of some lines rhyme—“knows” and “goes”, “kite” and “night”. These rhyming words sound nice and make the poem pleasing to read.
The reason why I love this poem is that its language is descriptive, through which I could see a vivid picture. When I
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
close my eyes, I can see the wind blowing across the hill and valley, kites flying high in the wind and the poet running to chase it. From my point of view, the poet is trying to describe the beauty of the wind and makes us feel the charm of nature.
实战演练
假设你是李华, 你的加拿大笔友 Peter 正在学习唐诗, 发来一首唐朝诗人李绅的名作《悯农》(Sympathy for Farmers) (锄禾日当午, 汗滴禾下土。谁知盘中餐, 粒粒皆辛苦。)向你请教, 请你用英语给他写一封回信, 内容包括：
1. 解释诗歌的含义及诗中所蕴含的作者的思想感情;
2. 阐述你的感受。
注意：1. 不要逐句翻译;
2. 词数80左右, 开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数;
3. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
I’m glad to receive your letter where you asked me about a Tang poem-Sympathy for Farmers.________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,
Li Hua
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
高分范文Dear Peter,I’m glad to receive your letter where you asked me about a Tang poem—Sympathy for Farmers. The poem by LiShen is popular with folk literary readers.This poem that is made up of four lines is not complicated to recite. It has vivid pictures: Hot as it is outside at noon in summer, the farmers are still working in the fields. They are wet all over with their sweat falling into the soil, where the crops grow. But who knows all the delicious dishes on our table come from the hard work of farmers The poem reminds people of the farmers’ hard work. I think it’s of great importance for the young to understand the poem and treasure every grain.
Yours,
Li Hua
[解析] 写作指导
体裁 应用文——诗歌鉴赏
时态 一般现在时
人称 以第一人称和第三人称为主
要点 1. 诗歌简介, 如作者、诗歌的地位;2. 解释诗歌的含义及诗中所蕴含的作者的思想感情;3. 诗歌的写作意图及个人感受。
高级短语及句式
1. be made up of 由……组成
2. vivid 生动的
3. remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事
4. treasure 珍宝
5. Hot as it is outside at noon in summer, the farmers are still working in the fields. 尽管夏天中午外面很热, 农民们还在田里工作。(倒装结构)
核心词汇
1. polish vt. 修改; 润色; 抛光 n. 上光剂; 抛光; 擦亮
What does Nora mean by saying that she needs time to polish her writing 诺拉说她需要时间来润色她的作品是什么意思？(教材P54)
典例翻译
① You should polish up your Spanish before you go to Chile.
_________________________________________
去智利以前你应该提高一下你的西班牙语。
② Sam polished off the rest of the pizza.
_______________________________
萨姆把剩下的比萨饼一扫而光。
归纳拓展
（1） 提高(技能); 改善(外表等); 擦亮; 擦光 ____________
polish up
（2） 很快做完; 迅速吃光 _____________
polish off
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① The hotel _______________(polish) up its act since last year.
has polished
② He polished ______ the remains of the apple pie.
off
（2） 单句写作
③为了给你的文章润色, 你可以使用更多高级词汇。
_____________________________________________________________________
To polish your article up, you can use more advanced vocabularies.
2. variation n. 变化; 变体; 变奏曲
Dream Variation, for example. It was one of his most celebrated poems. 例如《梦境变奏曲》。这是他最著名的诗歌之一。(教材P58)
典例翻译
① The spending power of young people varies from person to person.
_____________________________
年轻人的消费能力因人而异。
② Our government has tried various channels to raise and accumulate social security funds.
_________________________________________________________
我们的政府已经尝试了各种渠道来筹集和积累社会保障基金。
③ There are a variety of/varieties of tourist attractions and historical sites in London.
_______________________________________
伦敦有各种各样的旅游景点和历史古迹。
归纳拓展
（1） v. (大小、形状等)相异, 不同; (根据情况)变化, 变更, 改变 _______
从……到……不等/变化 __________________
vary
vary from…to…
（2） adj. 各种不同的; 各种各样的 __________
various
（3） n. (植物、语言等的)变体; 多样化; (同一事物的)不同种类 __________
各种各样的 _______________ = _______________
variety
a variety of
varieties of
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① When Christmas comes, cards of __________ (vary) shapes and sizes are sold in shops.
various
② To further complicate the issue, there is an enormous ____________ (vary) in the amount of people’s sleep.
variation
（2） 完成句子
③随着经济的发展, 商店里有各种各样的商品, 由日常用品到奢侈品不等。
With the development of economy, there are _____________________ in stores, _________________________________________ .
varieties of goods
varying from groceries to luxury goods
重点句型
wherever引导让步状语从句
And then when I found it,
Wherever it blew,
I should know that the wind
Had been going there too.
后来当我找到它时, 无论它飘到哪儿, 我都知道风肯定也曾经去过那里。(教材P56)
典例翻译
① Wherever/No matter where you are, you must remember you are a Chinese.
_____________________________________________
无论你在哪儿, 你都必须记住你是一个中国人。
② I’m wondering whatever you said made her so angry.
_______________________________________
我在纳闷你究竟说了什么让她这么生气。
归纳拓展
（1）“疑问词+ever”, 如wherever, whenever, whatever, however, whoever, whichever引导让步状语从句相当于“no matter+疑问词”, 如no matter where/when/what/how/who/which。
（2）“疑问词+ever”除了引导让步状语从句外, 还可以引导名词性从句, 此时不能用“no matter+疑问词”。
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, ___________ (where) it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world.
wherever
② Every year, __________ (who) makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
whoever
（2） 完成句子
③你的支持对我们的工作很重要。无论你能做什么, 都会有所帮助。
Your support is important to our work. ____________________________.
Whatever you can do helps
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1. We were not able to meet the ___________ (截止日期) because of manufacturing delays.
deadline
2. Few ___________ (比赛) in the recent history of boxing have been as thrilling.
contests
3. The statement was carefully ___________ (润色) and checked before release.
polished
4. He wrapped the package in brown paper and tied it with _________(细绳).
string
5. ___________(在任何地方) she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
Wherever
6. He wants to use the water to irrigate _________(贫瘠的) desert land.
barren
7. She was overcome with ________ (悲痛) when her husband died.
grief
8. Rain begins to fall and peach trees __________(开花).
blossom
9. Legend has it that the _________ (起源) of the Dragon Boat Festival is to recall the soul of Qu Yuan.
origin
10. Their decision was based on ignorance and ____________ (偏见).
prejudice
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
come across; be familiar with; keep up with; take turns; put up; hold onto; make a living; care about; be related to; in addition to
1. She likes to _______________the latest fashions.
keep up with
2. It is precisely because I _____________ you that I don’t like you staying out late.
care about
3. In the future, pay increases will ________________ productivity.
be related to
4. He does not seem to ___________________ research which might have strengthened his own arguments.
be familiar with
5. He ____________ the back of the chair to stop himself from falling.
held onto
6. We’ve ______________ a few problems that need resolving.
come across
7. You’ll have to _____________ on the swing.
take turns
8. Years ago, many farmers left home for big cities to ________________ .
make a living
9. The shops have started to _________ Christmas decorations.
put up
10. _________________ these arrangements, extra ambulances will be on duty until midnight.
In addition to
基础达标练
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. With a 3D printer, a cook can print ______________ (complicate) chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake.
complicated
2. Some colleges and universities have students from many different _________ (race) and ethnic minorities.
racial
3. There is a great deal of ____________ (vary) among the responses.
variation
4. Our task is to challenge the UN to make a ________ (swiftly) decision.
swift
5. When the night comes, occasions are not rare when the citizens __________________ (entertain) by the performers in Sichuan Opera.
are entertained
Ⅱ. 同义替换
in addition to; grief; come across; seek for; keen
1. They are able to share their common joys and sorrows . _________
griefs
2. He told me that he was eager to help. _______
keen
3. I’ve never run into anyone quite like her before. ______________
come across
4. Drivers are advised to look for alternative routes. ___________
seek for
5. Apart from his movie work, Redford is also known as a champion of environmental causes. _________________
In addition to
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 不管你做什么, 如果想做好, 就需要努力。（whatever）
__________________ , if you want to become great at it, you need to work hard.
Whatever you do
2. 如果我是你的话, 我会毫不犹豫地接受这个职位。（虚拟语气）
If I were you, ____________________________________________________ .
I would not hesitate about accepting the position
3. 演员希望通过访问学校鼓励孩子们演出自己的作品。（inspire sb. to do sth.）
By visiting schools, the actors hope to ___________________________________________________ .
inspire children to put on their own productions
素养综合练
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
[2020山东青岛黄岛区高二期中] A
Recently I read Nineteen Eighty-Four, a novel by George Orwell set in a state where even the language they use is controlled. Adjectives are forbidden and instead they use phrases such as “ungood”, “plus good” and “double plus good” to express emotions. As I first read this I thought how impossible it would be in our society to have such vocabulary. However, the more I thought about it, the more I realized that in its own way it was
already happening. I type messages to my friends and alongside each is the emoji. I often use it to emphasize something, or to not seem too serious, or because this specific GIF conveys my emotions much better than I ever could using just words. And I wonder, with our excessive use of emojis, are we losing the beauty and diversity of our vocabulary
English has the largest vocabulary in the world, with over one million words, but who’s to say what it’ll be like in the future Perhaps we will have a shorter language, full of saying “cry face” if something sad happens or using abbreviations （缩
写） like LOL （laugh out loud） or BRB （be right back） instead of saying the full phrase. So does this mean our vocabulary will shrink Is it the start of an exciting new era Will they look back on us in the future and say this is where it all began-the new language Or is this a classic case of the older generations saying, “Things weren’t like that when I was younger. We didn’t use emoticons to show our emotions”
Yet when you look back over time, the power of image has always been there. Even in the prehistoric era they used imagery to communicate, and what’s even more incredible is that we are able
to analyze those drawings and understand the meaning of them thousands of years later. Pictures have the ability to transcend time and language. Images, be it cave paintings or emojis, allow us to convey a message that’s not restrictive but rather universal.
1. Why does the author mention Nineteen Eight-Four ( )
A. To introduce the topic. B. To show an example.
C. To give the reason. D. To describe a phenomenon.
A
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第一段中“Recently I read Nineteen Eighty-Four, a novel by George Orwell…the more I realized that in its own way it was already happening.”可知, 作者提到小说《一九八四》来引出这个话题。故选A项。
2. Why does the author like using emojis ( )
A. To reduce the use of words.
B. To save time of typing.
C. To express naturally and casually.
D. To make fun of friends.
C
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第一段中“I type messages to my friends…I ever could using just words.”可知, 作者喜欢使用表情符号自然而随意地表达想法。故选C项。
3. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “shrink” in Para. 2 ( )
A. Disappear. B. Reduce. C. Lower. D. Change.
B
[解析] 【命题立意】词义猜测题。【解题思路】由前句提到可以用更短的（缩写）语言而不是完整的短语表达我们的感情可知, 画线词shrink意为“减少, 缩减”。故选B项。
4. What will the author agree with ( )
A. Emojis will destroy the variety of our vocabulary.
B. Emojis will replace English as the most popular language.
C. Emojis are useless and meaningless in modern life.
D. Emojis will not restrict our communication.
D
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据最后一段中“Pictures have the ability to transcend…that’s not restrictive but rather universal.”可知, 作者认为表情符号不会限制我们的交流。故选D项。
深度解析
词汇积累
1. emphasize v. 强调; 重视 2. diversity n. 多样性; 多样化 3. look back on 回忆; 回顾 4. transcend vt. 超出; 超越（通常的界限） 5. restrictive adj. 限制性的; 约束的
[解析] [语篇解读] 这是一篇议论文。在当今社会, 我们经常用表情符号或者缩写来表达自己的想法, 过度使用表情符号会不会使我们失去词汇的美丽和多样性呢？作者认为表情符号不会限制我们的交流, 图片能让我们传递不受限制的信息。
[2020江西南昌第二中学高二上期末] B
A qualified doctor who rarely practised but instead devoted his life to writing once said, “Medicine is my lawful wife and literature is my lover.” Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was a great playwright (剧作家) and one of the masters of the modern short story.
When Chekhov entered the Medical School of Moscow University in 1879, he started to publish hundreds of comic short stories to support his family. After he graduated, he wrote regularly for a local daily newspaper.
As a writer he was extremely fast-often produced a short story in an hour or less. Chekhov’s medical and science experience can be seen from the indifference many of his characters show to tragic (悲惨的) events. In 1892, he became a full-time writer and published some of his most memorable stories.
Chekhov often wrote about the sufferings of civilians in small towns of Russia. Tragic events controlled his characters who were filled with feelings of hopelessness and despair.
It is often said that nothing happens in Chekhov’s stories and plays. He made up for this with his exciting techniques for developing
drama within his characters. Chekhov’s works combined the calm attitude of a scientist and doctor with the sensitivity of an artist.
Some of Chekhov’s works were translated into Chinese as early as the 1940s. One of his famous stories, “The Man in a Case”, about a school teacher’s extraordinarily orderly life, was selected as a text for Chinese senior students.
1. Anton Pavlovich Chekhov____.
A. had a lawful lover B. wrote only short stories
C. used to be a lawyer D. was a competent doctor
D
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第一段第一句中 A qualified doctor who rarelypractised 可知, 契诃夫是个合格的医生。故选D项。
2. In 1880, Chekhov____.
A. became a full-time writer
B. studied medicine in Moscow University
C. practised medicine in his hometown
D. published his most memorable stories
B
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段第一句中 When Chekhov entered the Medical School of Moscow University in 1879可以断定, 契诃夫1880年正在莫斯科大学学医。故选B项。
3. According to the passage, which of the following words can’t be used to describe Chekhov ( )
A. Sensitive. B. Calm.
C. Quick-minded. D. Warm-hearted.
D
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第五段中的Chekhov’s works combined the calm attitude of a scientist and doctor with the sensitivity of an artist. 可知契诃夫的作品将科学家和医生的冷静态度与艺术家的敏感结合在一起;
再根据第三段中的 As a writer he was extremely fast-often produced a short story in an hour or less. 可知作为一名作家, 他写作速度极快, 常常在一个小时或更短的时间内写出一篇短篇小说。由此可知, 他是一个沉着、冷静、敏感且思维敏捷的人, 但是没有提到他是富有同情心的。故选D项。
4. Which of the following is the right order of the events
a. became a full-time writer
b. started to publish comic short stories
c. wrote regularly for a local daily newspaper
d. entered the Medical School of Moscow University( )
A. d b c a B. c a b d C. d a b c D. d b a c
A
[解析] 【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】根据第二段 When Chekhov entered…a local daily newspaper. 可知当契诃夫于1879年进入莫斯科大学医学院时, 他开始出版数百篇喜剧短篇小说来养家糊口。毕业后, 他定期为当地一家日报写作。根据第三段中的 In 1892, he became a full-time writer and published some of his most memorable stories. 可知,1892年, 他成为一名全职作家, 出版了一些他最令人难忘的小说。可知, 正确顺序应该是：d→b→c→a, 故选A项。
深度解析
词汇积累
1. qualified adj. 合格的; 有资格的 2. rarely adv. 很少; 不常 3. comic adj. 喜剧的; 滑稽的 4. memorable adj. 难忘的; 值得纪念的 5. sensitivity n. 敏感; 过敏性
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文, 主要讲述了优秀作家契诃夫的写作之路, 从最开始的医生兼职写作到后来成为一名全职作家, 他给世人留下了许多优秀的作品。
Ⅱ. 七选五
[2020江苏扬州第一中学高二上期中]
We are here to share these essay writing suggestions in case you wish to write an essay for your own benefit. Writing your own statement of personal belief can be a powerful tool for self-reflection. It can also be a wonderful thing to share with family, friends and colleagues._1_____.
Be distinctive.
Take your belief out of the events that have shaped your core values. Consider moments when belief was formed or tested or
changed._2____. Your story need not be heart-warming or anxious-it can even be funny-but it should be specific to you. Make sure your story is tied to the essence of your daily life philosophy and the shaping of your belief.
Be brief.
_3_____. That’s about three minutes when you read it aloud at your natural pace. So consider focusing on the core belief. In addition, write about what you do believe, and not what you don’t believe. Remember to avoid statements about religious beliefs.
_4_________.
Make your essay about yourself; speak in the first person. Avoid speaking in “we”. Tell your personal belief; this is not an opinion about social ideals._5___. We recommend you read your essay aloud to yourself several times, and each time edit it and improve it until you find the words, tone, and story that truly arouse your feelings, which can attract others then. Keeping the above in heart and putting them into action, you will realize writing an essay just seems like an easy task.
A.Be appealing
B.Be personal
C.To guide you through this process, we offer some simple suggestions for you to follow
D.It’s important to know how to tell a story about yourself
E.Write in words and phrases that are comfortable for you to speak
F.Think of your own life, and tell the things you know that no one else does
G.Your statement should be between 500 and 600 words
1. ____
C
[解析] 根据上文可知, 记述个人信念是自我反省的强有力的工具, 同时也是可以与家人、朋友和同事分享的很棒的事情; 下文是关于写文章的几点建议。C项承上启下, 符合语境。
2. ____
F
[解析] 结合小标题“Be distinctive.”以及本段中提到的“Your story need not…the shaping of your belief.”可知, 此处表示你应思考自己的生活, 讲述你知道但别人不知道的事情, 故F项符合语境。
3. ____
G
[解析] 结合本段小标题和空后的“That’s about three minutes when you read it aloud at your natural pace.”可知, 空处应是对所写文章篇幅的建议, G项“你的叙述应该在500至600词之间”与下文联系紧密。
4. ____
B
[解析] 空处位于小标题位置, 形式上要与其他小标题保持一致, 因此可锁定到A、B选项, 再结合本段内容, B选项能概括本段内容。故选B。
5. ____
E
[解析] 由空后的“We recommend you read your essay…arouse your feelings”可知, 空处应表示选用合适的话语来表达自己, 故E项“用你说着舒服的单词和短语来写作”符合语境。
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文, 主要讲述了一些写好作文的方法。
深度解析
词汇积累
statement n. 陈述; 说明 2. colleague n. 同事; 同僚
3. specific adj. 特定的; 具体的 4. essence n. 精髓
5. appealing adj. 有吸引力的; 令人感兴趣的
Ⅲ. 应用文写作
假定你是李华。你正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括：
1. 时间和地点;
2. 内容：学习唐诗;
3. 课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。
注意：1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version:Dear Leslie,I am Li Hua. How is everything getting along with you I’m writing to tell you something in detail.To start with, what I intend to stress is that we will have our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10 a.m. next Friday. What’s more, in order to have more knowledge of Chinese culture, it is important for you to learn Tang poetry.There is no doubt that you are supposed to know about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance, which will make the class go smoothly.I would appreciate it if you could reply to my letter at your earliest convenience.Yours,Li Hua
[解析] 写作指导
体裁 应用文——告知信
时态 一般现在时; 一般过去时
人称 以第一人称为主
要点 1. 写信目的;2. 告知内容：时间、地点、学习内容、课前准备;3. 结束语。(共61张PPT)
UNIT 5 POEMS
Section Ⅳ Expanding Your World
Ⅰ. 单词分层默写
单词拼写
① ________ n. 戏; 剧; 戏剧艺术
② __________ n. 形象的描述; 意象; 像
③ _______ adj. 民间的; 民俗的; 普通百姓的
④ __________ n. 钻石; 金刚石; 菱形
⑤ _______ n. 黎明; 开端; 萌芽
drama
imagery
folk
diamond
dawn
⑥ __________ n. 业余爱好者 adj. 业余的; 业余爱好的
⑦ _______ n. 情绪; 心情; 语气
⑧ ________ vt. & vi. 取笑（某人）; 揶揄; 逗弄
⑨ _________ n. 格式; 总体安排; （出版物的）版式 vt. 格式化
⑩ __________ n. 花朵; 花簇
___________ adj. 精美的; 精致的; 脆弱的
__________ vi. 旋转; 环绕; 转动
format
blossom
delicate
revolve
amateur
mood
tease
________ n. 架子; 搁板
_______ n. 核心; 精髓; （水果的）核儿
________ adj. 空白的; 无图画（或韵律、装饰）的; 没表情的 n. 空白; 空格
__________ n. 版本; （从不同角度的）说法
______ n. 时代; 年代; 纪元
______ vt. & vi. 播种; 种
era
sow
shelf
core
blank
version
_______ n. 种子; 起源; 萌芽
___________ n. 最后期限; 截止日期
__________ n. 比赛; 竞赛; 竞争 vt. 争取赢得（比赛、选举等）; 争辩
_________ vt. 修改; 润色; 抛光 n. 上光剂; 抛光; 擦亮
_________ n. 细绳; 线; 一串 vt. 悬挂; 系 adj. 弦乐器的; 线织的
_________ adj. 贫瘠的; 不结果实的
________ n. 悲伤; 悲痛; 伤心事
____________ n. 偏见; 成见 vt. 使怀有（或形成）偏见
barren
grief
prejudice
seed
deadline
contest
polish
string
2. 拓展单词
① _________ n. 悲伤; 悲痛; 伤心事 vi. 感到悲伤→ ____________ adj. 悲伤的; 悲哀的
② ___________ adj. 文学的; 爱好文学的; 有文学作品特征的→ _____________ n. 文学; 著作
③ _________ vt. 背诵; 吟诵; 列举→ _____________ n. 朗读; 朗诵
④ _____________ adj. 分别的; 各自的→ _______________ adv. 分别; 各自; 依次为
sorrow
sorrowful
literary
literature
recite
recitation
respective
respectively
⑤ ________________ n. 理解力; 领悟力; 理解练习→ _____________ v. 理解; 领悟 _________________ adj. 可理解的; 能懂的
⑥ ___________ n. 平民; 老百姓→________ adj. 平民的; 国民的
⑦ ______________ adj. 同情的; 有同情心的; 赞同的→ __________________ adv. 同情地→ ___________ n. 同情; 赞同
⑧ ____________ n. 天真; 单纯; 无罪→ ___________ adj. 天真无邪的; 无辜的; 无恶意的
⑨_________________ n. 来往信件; 通信联系→ _____________ vi. 相一致; 符合; 相当于; 通信
civilian
civil
sympathetic
sympathetically
sympathy
innocence
innocent
correspondence
correspond
comprehension
comprehend
comprehensible
___________ adj. 首要的; 占支配地位的; 显著的→ ___________ v. 支配; 控制; （在比赛中）占有优势→ ____________ n. 优势; 统治地位
______________ adj. 复杂的; 难懂的→ _____________ vt. 使复杂化
____________n. 变化; 变体; 变奏曲→ _______ v. （根据情况）变化, 改变→ __________ n. （同一事物的）不同种类; 多样化→ __________ adj. 各种各样的
_________ adj. 种族的; 人种的→ _______n. 人种; 种族
complicated
complicate
variation
vary
variety
various
racial
race
dominant
dominate
dominance
Ⅱ. 短语搭配翻译
1. nursery rhyme _____________
童谣; 儿歌
2. to the point _________________________
简明恰当的; 简洁中肯的
3. be made up of _____________________
由……组成（构成）
4. consist of _____________
由……组成
5. in particular _____________
尤其; 特别
6. quite a few _______________
相当多; 不少
7. in spite of _____________
不管; 尽管
8. pour out ___________________________________________
毫无保留地表达感情（或思想等）; 畅所欲言
9. hold onto _______________
抓紧; 不放开
10. 与……相比 ________________
compare…with
11. 表达自己的想法 __________________
express oneself
12. 讲得通; 有意义 _____________
make sense
13. 对……有影响 _______________________
have an influence on
14. 爱上…… ____________________
fall in love with
15. 贯彻; 实施 ____________
carry out
16. 偶然遇到______________
come across
17. 跟上; 与……保持同步 _______________
keep up with
18. 熟悉 ___________________
be familiar with
19. 谋生 ________________
make a living
Ⅲ. 教材原句翻译
1. 这些诗歌可能没什么意义, 甚至看起来自相矛盾, 但是它们容易学, 也容易背诵。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite.
2. 有些押韵（如B和C）, 有些则不押韵。
____________________________________________________
Some rhyme （like B and C）, while others do not.
3. 它创作起来很容易, 就像五行诗一样, 能用很少的词描绘出一幅清晰的画面, 营造一种特殊的感觉。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It is easy to write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few words.
4. 有这么多不同形式的诗歌可选, 你可能最终想写属于你自己的诗了。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, you may eventually want to write poems of your own.
5. 令我难以置信的是, 如何最好地把书摆放在书架上这个问题会在网上引起热烈的讨论。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It seems incredible to me that the question of how best to arrange books on shelves could cause a lively online discussion.
6. 原因是他们能感觉到爱的温暖, 享受童年的纯真。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
The reason is that they can feel the warmth of love and enjoy the innocence of childhood.
7. 泰戈尔是第一个获得诺贝尔文学奖的亚洲人。
___________________________________________________________________
Tagore was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
8. 在你阅读之前, 和你的搭档讨论如何理解一首诗。
_____________________________________________________________________
Before you read, discuss how to understand a poem with your partner.
Ⅳ. 书面表达
结合本单元主题, 使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
1. 我对文学作品很感兴趣, 尤其是诗歌, 因为它们押韵, 而且充满了意象和韵律。（literary; imagery; rhyme; rhythm）
2. 我通常在黎明时分在草坪上阅读和背诵诗歌, 在那里我可以看着蝴蝶互相追逐, 欣赏美丽的花朵, 感受大自然的魅力。（dawn; recite; lawn; butterfly; blossom）
3. 我清楚地记得, 我接触到的第一首童谣是《嘘, 小宝贝》。（nursery rhyme）
4. 尽管它没什么意义, 但学习和背诵起来很容易。（make sense）
5. 现在, 每当我心情很好或很不好的时候, 我都会写一些诗来表达自己的情感。（mood; express oneself）
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I am quite interested in literary works, especially poems because they rhyme and are full of imagery and rhythm. I usually read and recite poems at dawn on the lawn, where I can watch butterflies chasing each other, enjoy beautiful blossom and feel the charm of nature. I can well remember that the first nursery rhyme I came across was Hush, Little Baby. Although it doesn’t make sense, it is easy to learn and recite. Now, whenever I am in a good or bad mood, I’d like to write some poems to express myself.
1. revolve vi. 旋转; 环绕; 转动。前缀re-意为“再; 重新”,-volv为词根, 意为“转; 卷”, 所以revolve的字面意思为“再次转动; 重新转动”, 引申为“旋转; 环绕”之意。
2. 词根“-volv”意为“to roll; to turn”, 表示“转; 卷”, 以其为词根的词还有involve, 其结构为in-（进入）+volv （卷; 转）+e, 字面意思为“被卷到里面”, 引申为“包含; 涉及”之意。
1. Joy often comes after sorrow, like morning after night.
暮去必将朝至, 苦尽常会甘来。
2. The greatest obstacle to progress is prejudice.
进步最大的障碍是偏见。
3. You reap what you sow.
种瓜得瓜, 种豆得豆。
4. Throw away the apple because of the core.
因噎废食
5. It is not enough for poetry to have only beauty. Poetry should move people’s hearts and guide the soul into the artistic conception of poetry.
诗歌仅仅有美是不够的, 它应该打动人心, 把灵魂引入诗的意境中去。
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. It was Chaucer who really turned English into a ___________（literature）language.
literary
2. The announcement had a___________（drama）effect on house prices.
dramatic
3. They are each recognized specialists in their _____________（respectively）fields.
respective
4. He claims he has evidence which could prove his ____________（innocent）.
innocence
5. People all over the world have been fighting against_________（race）discrimination.
racial
6. As a matter of fact, the problem is not as______________（complicate）as you imagine.
complicated
7. The survey found a wide____________（vary）in the prices charged for canteen food.
variation
Ⅱ. 同义替换
be made up of; have an influence on; come across; quite a few;
in spite of
1. Our regional measures have had an impact on unemployment. ______________________
had an influence on
2. Despite all our efforts to save the school, the authorities decided to close it. ______________
In spite of
3. The team was composed of leading scientists from around the world. _________________
was made up of
4. Guess who I ran into in town today! ______________
came across
5. A number of towns are now banning cars from their shopping centers. ______________
Quite a few
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 比尔很喜欢足球，然而他弟弟却对此一无所知。（while）
Bill is very interested in football ___________________________________________.
while his brother knows nothing about it
2. 有人提醒我说，山谷里的水不适合饮用。（主语+be+adj.+不定式）
I was warned that the water in the valley _______________________.
wasn’t fit to drink
3. 和古代的水手一样，鸟类能够借助太阳和星星找到它们的路。（非谓语作状语）
Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way__________________________.
using the sun and stars
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
There were many famous poets from different eras in Chinese history, and thousands of their poems are still read and appreciated today.
To arouse people’s interest in those classic Chinese poems and promote cultural heritage, China Central Television（CCTV）produced a TV show—The Chinese Poetry Competition. The finale（终场） of the hit show’s second season was shown on Feb. 7.
Wu Yishu, 16, who studied at the High School Affiliated to Fudan University in Shanghai, came out on top. In an earlier episode（一集）, Wu wowed the audiences when performing in a section entitled “Feihualing”. The game’s theme was “yue”, meaning “moon” or “month” in Chinese. She recited the lines from Shijing, the earliest collection of poems in China: “In July, the crickets （蟋蟀）are in the field. In August, they are in the yard. In September, they are at the door. In October, they enter and crawl under our beds.”
“I really admire her knowledge of poems,” said Huang Zijin, 16,
a Senior 2 student from Ningbo High School in Zhejiang Province. “The first time I saw her wearing traditional Han clothing on TV, I was very impressed by her classical looks. She fulfills all my fantasies about classic Chinese women’s talents. What’s more, she always appears so calm throughout the show, which is very unusual for her age.”
As the old saying goes, “One who is filled with knowledge always behaves with elegance.” “Learning poems isn’t about winning or losing. The power of poetry lies in shaping one’s view of life and developing one’s inner world,” said Li Bo, an expert guest
at The Chinese Poetry Competition’s second season.
When it comes to teaching people about poetry, Li Dingguang, the show’s academic advisor, suggested that teachers should explain more about the beauty of the poetry from both the aesthetic （审美的）and emotional sides, and lead the students to lose themselves in the poems’ rhythmic（有节奏的）and rhyming lines.
“Although the amount of ancient Chinese poetry in the textbooks of primary and secondary schools has increased, many students still learn them for exams,” Li Dingguang told China. . “Therefore, it’s important to help students truly appreciate the artistry and fun of poetry.”
1. What’s one of the purposes of the TV show—The Chinese Poetry Competition ( )
A. To entertain people by enjoying Chinese poems.
B. To see who can recite the most classic Chinese poems.
C. To fulfill people’s fantasies about Chinese women’s talents.
D. To make more people interested in classic Chinese poetry.
D
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第二段第一句中的 To arouse people’s interest in those classic Chinese poems and promote cultural heritage 可知，中央电视台制作并播出《中国诗词大会》的目的是提高人们对中国古诗的兴趣，发扬中国文化，故D项正确。
2. From paragraphs 3 and 4, what can we infer about Wu Yishu ( )
A. She is a talented and elegant Chinese teenager.
B. She has learned a large amount of poetry from textbooks.
C. She is always calm in the show like other competitors of her age.
D. She amazed the audiences with the lines from Shijing in the finale.
A
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】通读第三段可知，该段介绍了武亦姝以背诵含“月”字的诗词征服了观众；第四段介绍了人们对武亦姝形象和气质的评价：她穿着汉服，文静、内秀，给人们留下了深刻的印象。据此可以推断，武亦姝是一个有天赋的、优雅的青少年，故A项正确。
3. According to Li Bo, why do people learn poetry ( )
A. To get good marks in examinations.
B. To help build up their inner world.
C. To win The Chinese Poetry Competition.
D. To appreciate the beauty of rhythm and rhyme.
B
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第五段中的 The power of poetry lies in shaping one’s view of life and developing one’s inner world可知，郦波认为学习诗歌的目的在于塑造人的人生观和培养人的内心世界，故B项正确。
4. What is Li Dingguang’s attitude to poetry teaching ( )
A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Critical. D. Casual.
C
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据最后一段中的 Although the amount of ancient Chinese poetry in the textbooks of primary and secondary schools has increased, many students still learn them for exams可知，李定广对学校诗歌教学的评价是：尽管教材中诗歌的数量增多了，但是许多学生学习诗歌仍然是为了考试。据此可以判断，他对诗歌教学持批评态度，故C项正确。
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。中国诗词源远流长，至今仍为世人传诵。为发扬中国文化，提高人们对中国古诗的兴趣，中央电视台制作并播出了《中国诗词大会》节目，中学生武亦姝以其特有的魅力征服了观众。
深度解析
词汇积累
arouse v. 激发；唤醒 2. promote v. 提升；促进
3. wow v. 使喝彩；博得……的称赞 4. fulfill v. 具备；实现；履行 5. fantasy n. 幻想 6. emotional adj. 情感的
7. artistry n. 艺术技巧
难句分析
原句：When it comes to teaching people about poetry, Li Dingguang, the show’s academic advisor, suggested that teachers should
explain more about the beauty of the poetry from both the aesthetic and emotional sides, and lead the students to lose themselves in the poems’ rhythmic and rhyming lines. 当谈到教人诗歌时，该节目的学术顾问李定广建议，教师应该从审美和情感两个方面讲解诗歌的美，并引导学生沉醉在诗歌有节奏的和押韵的诗行中。
分析：本句为主从复合句。When it comes to teaching people about poetry 为时间状语从句，the show’s academic advisor 为 Li Dingguang 的同位语；that引导宾语从句，作suggested的宾语。
Ⅱ. 七选五
[2020海南海口海南中学高二上期中]
How do actors and actresses memorize hundreds of lines Memorizing lines takes practice and constant repetition. However, there are a few ways to make the memorization process run smoothly and quickly.
1
For most performers, there is no quicker way of memorizing lines. To learn lines, an actor must recite the play aloud over and over again. Most rehearsals（彩排）encourage this by running through the lines or having a’read-through’.By the time the opening night
arrives, most actors have spoken their lines hundreds of times.
Listen to your cast members（参演人员）.
Sometimes inexperienced actors spend rehearsals just looking at fellow performers, waiting patiently to say their next line. 2 This will help the actor learn his lines better because the context of the dialogue is absorbed.
Record your lines.
Because there is often not enough rehearsal time, many performers find ways to listen to the play’s dialogue during everyday activities. They use a tape recorder or an MP4 player to listen to
the lines from each relevant scene. Some actors prefer to record the lines of all the characters, including their own. 3 Others like recording the lines of fellow cast members, and they leave a blank space so that they can insert their dialogue while listening to the recording.
Think positively and don’t panic.
4 Actors forget lines now and then. When it happens, however, most of the time the audience never notice. If you forget a line in the middle of your performance, don’t freeze. Stay in character. Keep the scene going to the best of your ability. If unfortunately you forget a line once, you will probably never forget that line ever again. 5
A.Most actors will experience stage fright before the opening night.
B.Read lines aloud and repeat them.
C.Practice makes perfect.
D.Read lines aloud and remember them in a flash.
E.Sometimes embarrassment is the toughest method of memorization.
F.Then, they not only listen carefully, but they also speak all of the lines.
G.Instead, they should be listening carefully, responding in character at all times.
1. ____
B
[解析] 设空处为小标题, 并且在内容上是能够概括本段内容的有关记住台词的方法，综合以上两方面, B项符合语境。
2. ____
G
[解析] 根据下文“This will help the actor learn his lines better because the context of the dialogue is absorbed.”可知，此处应该表达演员们应该时刻都认真地听，G项意为“相反，他们应该仔细倾听，在任何时候都要入戏地回应。”符合语境。This 指的是选项中的仔细听和回应且呼应标题“Listen to your cast members”。故选G项。
3. ____
F
[解析] 根据上文 “Some actors prefer to record the lines of all the characters, including their own.”可知，接下来应该介绍演员们如何背台词，F项中“speak all of the lines”对应空前的“record the lines of all the characters”。故选F项。
4. ____
A
[解析] 根据本段小标题“Think positively and don’t panic.”以及下文“If you forget a line…to the best of your ability.”可知, 本段主要讲演员们会恐惧, 有的时候会忘词, 所以此处先提出：很多演员在表演前会紧张，以引出下文的内容，A项“大多数演员在首夜演出前都会怯场。”符合语境，故选A项。
5. ____
E
[解析] 根据空前一句“If unfortunately you forget a line once, you will probably never forget that line ever again.”可知，在表演中忘词很尴尬, 但这次忘了，下次肯定再也忘不了了。E项是对这一内容的总结，符合语境。
[解析] [语篇解读] 这是一篇说明文。很多演员在表演时会忘记自己的台词, 作者在文章中提出了四条记住台词的有效建议。
深度解析
词汇积累
constant adj. 不断的；重复的
2. smoothly adv. 平稳地；连续而流畅地
3. relevant adj. 紧密相关的；切题的
4. insert vt. 插入；嵌入
5. fright n. 惊吓；恐怖
Ⅲ. 读后续写
[2020山东聊城九校高二上第一次联考] 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Several years ago I worked in an international company selling computer devices. At the time I had to travel around the country as part of my work. I remember clearly that I was at a stage in my life where I only cared about how to earn more money.
Once, I came to the airport to take a bus to downtown as usual.
The routine was as follows: get into the city, take the bus to the hotel, visit the customers, work late, take the bus back to the airport and fly back…Somehow, that day I decided to take the stairs down to a different exit, where I found a beautiful garden I had never seen before. I waited there and enjoyed the scenery until the bus came.
I was used to the seat behind the driver. However, that day I sat on a seat in the middle and a boy was seated next to me and he was
carrying a great many suitcases. He turned to me suddenly and gave me one of the most sincere smiles I had ever seen from a stranger. He said warmly, “Hi, the perfect day in the perfect place, isn’t it ”
I remember saying to myself-this must be one of those typical people who is young and just thinks everything in the world is beautiful and easy. Why was he annoying me when I just wanted to enjoy the bus ride But out of politeness, I answered,“Really
perfect! Did your dear parents pay for you to have some vacations on the beach ” “No, I don’t have parents and I’m not here for vacation.” He shook his head instantly, “I’m here to achieve my biggest dream. Actually, I’m on the way to the army school where my grandfather studied a long time ago.”
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
“I lost my dad 8 years ago and then my mom married again. My stepfather____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
He told me that for 8 years, he had only one thing in his mind-to join the army school like his grandfather._____________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version:
“I lost my dad 8 years ago and then my mom married again. My stepfather treated me badly and later he threw me out of the house. I’ve been living all over the country since then and I’ve learnt a lot from life through these years. Fortunately, I met a lot of kind people.“ he said. Hearing his words, I was speechless and tears began to roll down my cheeks. Fortunately, he continued his story.
He told me that for 8 years, he had only one thing in his mind-to join the army school like his grandfather. ”My grandpa was a great general in the army and he left me this,“ he said proudly, showing me a golden knife. ”I have been following my dream these years and I’m happy every day." When the bus reached his stop, he rose from his seat and took all his suitcases, saying goodbye with a big smile. From then on, I always tried to do everything with my best smile on my face.
[解析] 解题思路
体裁：记叙文
时态：一般过去时
原文核心内容解读：几年前一次出差，我在公交车上遇到了一个乐观的小男孩，在交谈中我以为他在用父母的钱旅游，但实际上他的家境并不好，但他怀揣梦想正在去军校的路上。
文章脉络
When: several years ago
Where: on a bus
Who: a boy and I
What: While talking with the boy, I thought he was using his parents’ money to travel around the country, but actually he led a miserable life and determined to join the army.
写作思路
根据续写部分第一段的开头语“I lost my dad 8 years ago and then my
mom married again. My stepfather”可知，续写部分可以写他继父对他不好，所以他离开了家。他去了很多地方，成长了很多，也碰到了很多善良的人。听到他的故事，我情不自禁地流下了眼泪。根据续写部分第二段的开头语“He told me that for 8 years, he had only one thing in his mind-to join the army school like his grandfather.”可知，续写部分可以写如今他也实现了他的梦想。到站后，他笑着和我说了再见。受他影响，我也试着在做其他事情的时候保持微笑。(共6张PPT)
UNIT 5 POEMS
背景导学
Anyone can write a baby poem, and everyone enjoys reading it, the young and the old. Baby shower(送礼聚会) poems can have rhythm and rhyme, but they certainly don’t have to. Poems can be either long or short, but short poems are probably best for your typical baby shower needs. You can add a little humor as well!
The people who are most often touched by baby shower poems are those who have had children themselves. Sweet poems can remind them of the time when their little ones were still young. No one will appreciate them more than the family members themselves. If you are a creative writer or have a special talent for putting
words together in a special way, then you should try writing your own baby shower poems. This would make a great gift as well.
If you decide to write your own baby poems, even common things can inspire you. Inspiration can be found anywhere. Look back on your own memories from the past. What was special about your childhood What special objects have you treasured over the years What words of wisdom (智慧) could you pass on to the next generation Look around the house and imagine a baby being there. What do you see, hear, or feel Let those thoughts be the sources of your best baby poems.
When writing a baby poem, you do not have to write like Shakespeare, and you just have to be sincere. When the baby grows up, you can think of how special they will feel knowing the words are just for them.
If you are not the creative type-don’t worry! There are lots of places online where you can look for poems saying just the things you want to say. Poems have been written on all subjects throughout the ages, and baby shower poems are no exception. A quick search online doesn’t have to take any time at all.
1. In the author’s opinion, baby shower poems ____.
A. all have a little humor in them
B. are not suitable for adults to enjoy
C. don’t have to have rhythm or rhyme
D. must be short enough to meet babies’ needs
C
2. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about ( )
A. Advice from famous poets on writing poems.
B. Words that can be used in baby poems.
C. Different ways of writing baby poems.
D. Inspiration for writing baby poems.
D
3. According to Paragraph 4, a baby poem should sound ____.
A. encouraging B. sincere C. beautiful D. interesting
B

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