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2021~2022学年新课标外研版初中英语学习讲义
八年级下学期Module 2课文知识点总结笔记
Module 2 Experiences
语法: 现在完成时（一）
一、用法：
（1）表示以前某个时间已经发生的动作或做过的事情对现在有影响
Eg: I have seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影了。(强调电影的内容已经知道)
（2）表示到目前为止已经完成的事。
Eg: My sister has learnt English for 3 years. 我的妹妹已经学英语三年了。
二、构成：
主语 + have/ has + 动词过去分词
三、各种句式
肯定句：
主语 + have/ has + 过去分词 + 其它
Eg: I have watched the match.
否定句：
主语 + have/ has not + 过去分词 + 其它
Eg: I haven’t watched the match.
一般疑问句：
Have/ Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其它
肯定回答： Yes, 主语 + have/ has.
否定回答： No, 主语 + haven’t/ hasn’t.
Eg: Have you watched the match
Yes, I have./ No, I haven’t.
四、动词过去分词的构成：规则动词变化
1.大多数动词后直接加ed：
work → worked; cook → cooked
2.以e结尾的动词加d：
lived → lived; like→ liked
3.以辅音加y结尾将y变成i加ed：
try → tried; study → studied
4.在重读闭音节中，双写结尾加ed： stop → stopped; plan →planned
5.不规则变化：见教材126页表格

Unit 1 I’ve also entered lots of speaking competitions
1.experience ( Cn.) 经历
Eg: Please tell me about your experience in Africa.
experience (Un) 经验
Eg: Miss Li has 30 years’ teaching experience.
2.enter a competition 参加比赛
enter = take part in 参加；进入
3.what kind of … 什么种类
kind (n.) 种类 all kinds of 各种各样的； a kind of 一种；
different kinds of 不同种类的；
kind of 有点；
kind (adj.) 善良的 Eg: He is a kind boy.
4.speaking competition 演讲比赛
5.improve speaking 提高口语
6.maybe (adv.) “也许；大概”
may be 情态动词 + Be动词 “也许是；可能是”
Eg: She may be angry.
= Maybe she is angry.
7.win a prize 获奖
beat “打败”后接对手或团队等
win “赢得”后接比赛、奖品等
8.the first prize 一等奖
9.dream (n.) 梦寐以求的人或事
Eg: That’s my dream school.
dream “梦；梦想”
Eg: My dream is to be a pilot.
(v.) 梦到；梦想 dream of/ about … “梦见… ”后接名词、代词或动名词
Eg: I dream of/ about flying in space.
10.ever (adv.) “曾经；从未”用于现在完成时的一般疑问句中，加强语气
“Have/ Has sb. ever + 过去分词 + 其它？”用于询问某人是否做过某事
11.before(adv.) “以前”与现在完成时连用，也可用于一般过去时中，位于句末。
before(pron./conj.) “在…之前”可表示时间、位置、顺序等
ago与before区别：
ago 用于一般时间之后，不能单独使用，指从现在算起的一段时间之前（一般用一般过去时）
before用于现在完成时句末，用于某一时间点前，用于多种时态
12.go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事
go on to do sth. 继续做事
（与前者不同）
13.afford (v.) “买得起；付得起”常与can, could, be able to连用，表有能力担负
afford后常跟带to的动词不定式，表示有能力支付做某事
Eg: I can’t afford to visit Shanghai this summer.
14.Good luck! 好运！
15.stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事
stop to do sth. 停下来做另一件事
Eg: They were very tired, but they didn’t stop working.
He felt rather tired, so he stopped to drink a cup of coffee.
16.That’s a pity! 太遗憾了！
17.need (v.) 需要
need to do sth. 需要做某事
need (情态动词)
need do sth. 无人称时态的变化
18.That sounds wonderful.
那听起来很好。
19.a lot = very much 非常；是
Eg: She likes apples a lot.
a lot = much 大量
Eg: We can learn a lot from Miss Li.
a lot of = lots of = many/ much
许多；大量
Eg: They need a lot of milk.
20.Don’t worry. 不用担心。
worry about = be worried about … 为…而担心
21.make up 编造
22.invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
Eg: He invited Lily to come to his birthday party.
invite (v.) → invitation (n.)
23.a book called… 叫做…的书
24.one day 过去或将来的某一天； some day 将来的某一天
25.watch the sun rise 看日出

Unit 2 They have seen the Pyramids.
1.fifiteen-year-old boy 十五岁的男孩
2.at the moment = now 此刻；现在
3.one of + the + adj.最高级 + 可数名词复数 “最…之一”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数
Eg: Mozart is one of the most famous musicians in the world.
4.move to + 地点 “搬到（某地）”
Eg: He will move to Beijing tomorrow.
5.work for… 为…工作;
work as… 作为…工作
work out 算出；解决；
work on sth. 从事…工作；忙于
work hard atsth.
在某方面努力学习，工作
6.send sb. to… 把某人送到某地
send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb.
把某物送给某人
7. the + 姓氏复数 表示“...一家人”或“...夫妇二人”作主语，谓语动词用复数
Eg: The Smiths are having dinner. 史密斯一家人正在吃晚饭
8.have been to “曾经去过…
（去了回来了）”
Eg: I have been to the Great Wall.
have gone to “去某地
（去了没回来）”
Eg: He has gone to Beijing.
have beenin “曾住在某地”
Eg: I have been in Beijing for 3 years.
have been to后接次数，表“去过某地几次”也可与just, never,ever连用
9.for example “例如”一般用于列举同一类人或事物中的一个例子
such as “例如”一般用于列举同类人或事物中的几个例子，但必须少于前面总数。
Eg: I like fruit, for example, I often eat bananas in the evening.
He knows several languages, such as English and Chinese.
10.begin to do sth. 开始做某事
11.be different from 与…不同
→ the same as 与…相同
different (adj.) 不同的
→ difference (n.) 不同点
12.in many ways 在很多方面
13.find it + adj. + to do sth.
发现做某事…
Eg: I find it boring to play computer games.
14.so far “到目前为止” 常用于现在完成时中
15.learn to do sth. 学习做某事
16.mix … with… 把…和…混合在一起
17.be happy about sth. 对…很满意
be happy to do sth. 高兴做某事
18.count down 倒数；倒计时
count (v.) 数；清点
19.how long “多长时间”用for…或since…引导时间状语回答
how soon “还要多长时间”用于将来时，用“in + 一段时间”回答
how often “多久一次”提问动作发生的频率
20.look forward to doing sth.
盼望做某事

Unit 3 Language in use
1.have a Western meal 吃西餐
2.交通方式常用的表达方式
（1）take the + 表交通工具的名词
Eg: take the train.
（2）by + 交通工具的名词
Eg: by bus/ train/ bike…
by sea/ water/ ship 乘船；
by air/ plane 乘飞机
（3）on/ in + 限定词 + 表交通工具的名词，一般无厢、无仓的用On; 其它的用in
Eg: on the bike; in/ on the plane
（4）动词 + to + 地点名词， walk, ride, drive, fly后接to地点
Eg: I hope more and more people ride to work.
3.have a wonderful/ good/ great/ nice time 玩得高兴；过得愉快
4.climb the Great Wall 爬长城
5.what’s more 另外
6.be difficult to do sth. 做某事难
7.how many + 可数名词复数
“多少…”
how much + 不可数名词
“多少…”
8.find out 查明；发现
find “找到”强调结果
look for “寻找”强调动作
9.something special 特别的东西
10.keep sb./ sth. + adj.
使某人/某物保持某种状态
11.the rest of… 余下的…
12.the lack of… 缺乏…

范文：讲述自己的某个经历
Good afternoon, everyone！
I’m very happy to tell you my experiences. I have been to many places, such as Suzhou, Xi’an and Beijing. I think Beijing is my favourite city. Because it is our capital and there are many places of interest. Our country held the 2008 Olympic Games there. I haven’t been to Hainan. And I want to go there because I hear the beaches in Sanya are very excellent. I hope I can go there soon. What about your experiences Where have you ever been Don’t forget to tell us.
That’s all. Thank you.

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