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备战2022年中考英语专题复习——阅读理解（科普环保类）
一、阅读理解
（2021·义乌模拟）阅读理解
It should be easy for you to recognize faces of your family and friends. But can you remember faces that you've only seen once You might think it is very difficult.
However, studies have found a small number of people have amazing face recognisation skills. They are the so-called "super recognisers (识别器)", who can remember at least 80 percent of faces they've seen. It is unknown how many people truly have these skills.
But studies show that at least one in 50 people are super recognisers, reported the Daily Mail. Bournemouth University of UK recently carried out a study, trying to find whether super recognisers have a different way to deal with faces. They found that when these people look at faces, they spend more time looking at the person's nose. Researchers also found that these people are not particularly smarter than others. Their super ability is limited only to face recognisation. Another important finding is that there are subtypes (子类型) of super recognisation. Some super recognisers never forget faces. But for some, if you present pairs of faces to them at the same time, they can quickly decide whether the faces are of the same person or two different people.
In fact, many super recognisers say they are good at "spotting" faces in a crowd. These subtypes of super recognisation could be applied to many areas of life. For example, the skills could be very useful at a passport control checkpoint. Super recognisers could help match faces in CCTV footage. They could also help police spot known troublemakers, bad people or even missing people in crowds.
1．The" super recognisers" can remember _________of the faces they've seen.
A．all B．at least 50
C．at least 50 percent D．at least 80 percent
2．What did the university's study find about super recognisers
A．They spend the same time on one's eyes and nose.
B．They pay more attention to a person's nose.
C．They are a lot smarter than other people.
D．They are also very good at voice recognition.
3．The underlined word "applied" in the passage most probably means________.
A．developed B．asked C．used D．shown
4．What does the last paragraph talk about
A．More subtypes of super recognisation.
B．Reasons of different subtypes.
C．Application of super recognisation in some jobs.
D．How to be a super recogniser.
【答案】1．D
2．B
3．C
4．C
【考点】科普类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍“超级识别器”。
【点评】考查阅读理解。先阅读短文。理解短文大意。然后分析问题，带着问题阅读短文，对于细节理解题，可直接从短文的细节中找出问题答案。对于词意猜测题，要根据上下文的联系，确定划线单词在文章中的意思，对于主旨大意题要根据文章的中心思想确定。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段 They are the so-called "super recognisers (识别器)", who can remember at least 80 percent of faces they've seen.可知他们就是所谓的“超级识别器”，至少可以记住他们见过的80%的面孔。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段 They found that when these people look at faces, they spend more time looking at the person's nose. 可知当这些人看脸时，他们会花更多的时间看人的鼻子。故选B。
3．词义猜测题。根据最后一段 For example, the skills could be very useful at a passport control checkpoint. Super recognisers could help match faces in CCTV footage. 可知这些都是“超级识别器”的应用。因此画线单词的意思是“应用，使用”，故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段These subtypes of super recognisation could be applied to many areas of life. 及全段可知这些超级识别器亚型可以应用于生活的许多领域。故选C。
（2021·宁波模拟）阅读理解
"Do you want to have a talk with aliens？What do they look like？Where do they live？…" People are always wondering whether there is intelligent life on other planets. For many years, scientists said "no" or "we don't know". But today this is changing. Seth Shostak and Alexandra Barnett are astronomers(天文学家). They both believe intelligent life exists(存在)somewhere in the universe. They think we will soon contact these beings as well.
Why do Shostak and Barnett think intelligent life exists on other planets？The first reason is time. According to the careful research, scientists believe the universe is about 12 billion years old. "This is long enough for other planets to have intelligent life," say the two astronomers—Shostak and Barnett. The second important reason is size—the universe is huge. "Tools like the Hubble Telescope(哈勃望远镜)have shown us that there are at least 100 billion galaxies, " says Shostak. "And our galaxy, the Milky Way, has at least 100 billion stars. Some planets going around these stars might be similar to Earth. "
In the past, it was hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe. But as time goes by, powerful telescopes allow scientists to discover some smaller planets—the size of Mars or Earth in other solar systems. These planets might have intelligent life.
Have beings from space already visited
our Earth？"Probably not, " says Shostak. "It's
a long way away. However, intelligent beings may contact us in other ways, such
as radio signals(信号). In fact, they may be trying to
communicate with us now, but we don't have the right tools to receive their
messages. However, this is changing. By 2025, we could make contact with other
life forms in our universe and we might help each other. "
5．The underlined word "contact" in Paragraph 1 probably means "________".
A．communicate with B．take care of
C．live together with D．look for
6．Which sentence best describes the main idea of the passage
A．The universe is old enough to have intelligent life.
B．There are at least 100 billion galaxies in the universe.
C．It was hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe.
D．There are intelligent beings in universe and they may contact us.
7．On which website can readers most probably find this passage
A．www. we love
B．www.
C．www. the wonderful
D．www. movie
8．What is the two astronomers' attitude(态度)towards the beings from the space
A．Doubtful. B．Uncaring. C．Positive. D．Negative.
【答案】5．A
6．D
7．B
8．C
【考点】科普类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了宇宙中是有智慧生物的，他们可能会联系我们。
【点评】考查阅读理解。首先通读全文，了解文章大意，然后分析问题和选项，从文中找到依据，最后得出正确答案。
5．词句猜测题。根据前面 They both believe intelligent life exists(存在)somewhere in the universe. 他们都相信智慧生命存在于宇宙中某处。可知，此处指“他们认为我们很快也会联系到这些生物。”所以contact是联系的意思，故选A。
6．主旨大意题。根据本文内容可知，本文主要介绍了宇宙中是有智慧生物的，他们可能会联系我们。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据本文内容可知，本文主要介绍了宇宙中是有智慧生物的，他们可能会联系我们。所以本文应该来自科学空间相关的网站，故选B。
8．推理判断题。根据文中第一段They both believe intelligent life exists(存在)somewhere in the universe. They think we will soon contact these beings as well.他们都相信宇宙中存在智慧生命。他们认为我们很快也会联系到这些生物。 可知， 两个天文学家的态度是积极的，故选C。
（2021·海曙模拟）阅读理解
Many people dream of traveling into outer space. However, spending too much time in space may cause health problems, according to NASA. That's why astronauts shouldn't spend more than six months on the International Space Station (ISS) at a time.
Muscle (肌肉) and bone loss
In a weightless environment, astronauts don't need to use their muscles to support themselves. Therefore, their muscles start shrinking (萎缩). To keep their muscles strong, astronauts need to exercise about 2 hours each day on the ISS.
The weightless environment also causes astronauts' bones to lose minerals, with density(密度) dropping at over 1 percent per month. The rate of bone loss for elderly people on Ear this 1 to 1.5 percent per year.
Sleep disorder(混乱)
ln space, the sun rises every 90 minutes. It is hard for astronauts to get used to this light-dark cycle when they sleep. Also, they need to sleep in a sleeping bag that is fixed to a wall, which is uncomfortable.
Astronauts now have individual sleeping pods (分离仓) that help shut out some of the light. Still, studies have found that most astronauts only sleep about six hours each night, even though they should have eight and a half hours.
Brain changes
Scientists have found that the position of the brain changes during spaceflight. It shifts upward within the skull (头骨). This can affect how the brain deals with how we see, stay balanced and move around. That's why some astronauts can't control their movement and balance after returning to Earth. Scientists have also found that astronauts may get used to this change after going on more spaceflights. But they still need to do more research.
9．According to the story, astronauts may suffer the following health problems:_______.
a. bone loss
b. high blood pressure
c. sleep disorder
d. mental disease
e. muscle shrinking
A．ace B．bce C．abe D．bcd
10．Astronauts suffer muscle problems after returning back to Earth because_______.
A．they rarely walk while in space
B．they are too busy to exercise in space
C．they don't use their muscles in space often
D．they don't have enough room to exercise in space
11．Astronauts sleep in individual sleeping pods to_______.
A．shut out light
B．stay warm at night
C．enjoy a quiet atmosphere
D．prevent themselves from floating around
12．Astronauts could _______ to deal with the problem of losing their balance.
A．take some medicine. B．sleep more and rest.
C．go on more spaceflights. D．walk upside-down on Earth. .
【答案】9．A
10．C
11．A
12．C
【考点】科普类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文介绍了根据美国宇航局的说法，在太空中花费太多的时间可能会导致健康问题。
【点评】考查阅读理解。先对原文迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读材料，各个击破。掌握全文大意后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清媒体要求后，带着问题，再回到原文章中去寻找有关的信息。
9．细节理解题。根据 Muscle (肌肉) and bone loss Therefore, their muscles start shrinking (萎缩). ； Sleep disorder(混乱)ln space, the sun rises every 90 minutes. It is hard for astronauts to get used to this light-dark cycle when they sleep. Also, they need to sleep in a sleeping bag that is fixed to a wall, which is uncomfortable. 故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据 In a weightless environment, astronauts don't need to use their muscles to support themselves. Therefore, their muscles start shrinking (萎缩). 宇航员在太空不需要使用肌肉支持身体，引起肌肉的萎缩，可知在回到地球后要遭受肌肉疾病的痛苦，故选C。
11．细节理解题。根据 Astronauts now have individual sleeping pods (分离仓) that help shut out some of the light. 可知宇航员使用自己的分离仓这有助于阻挡部分光线。故选A。
12．细节理解题。根据 That's why some astronauts can't control their movement and balance after returning to Earth. Scientists have also found that astronauts may get used to this change after going on more spaceflights. 可知宇航员在进行更多的太空飞行可能会使他们处理失衡的问题，故选C。
（2021·南山模拟）阅读下列短文，从下面每小题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项
A scientist goes to a forest to study monkeys. He or she wants to study their habits and behavior. But the problem is: how to know who's who
In the past, scientists had to make marks on each of the animals to distinguish them. But in the future, they may have a much easier way to tell them apart thanks to facial recognition technology.
A research team from China's Northwest University is using facial recognition technology to identify thousands of snub-nosed monkeys (金丝猴) that live on Qinling Mountain in Shaanxi province.
Similar to human facial recognition, the technology that is used to identify monkeys uses their facial features to create a database that includes every monkey, Xinhua reported.
"When the system is fully developed, we can connect it with cameras set up in the mountains. The system will automatically recognize the monkeys, name them and analyze their behavior," said Zhang He, a member of the research team.
"For each snub-nosed monkey, we have 700 to 800 image samples, and the recognition success rate is 94 percent," Zhang added.
Compared with facial recognition technology for humans, facial recognition technology for monkeys is more complicated because monkeys have hairier faces. The color of their hair causes them to blend into their environment. These factors make it harder for computers to do the job.
"Monkeys do not cooperate with researchers in the same way humans do. It is difficult to take high-quality pictures and videos of them, which are needed to improve the system," said Li Baoguo, leader of the research team.
Currently, there are about 4,000 snub-nosed monkeys living on Qinling Mountain. The team's goal is to successfully identify every monkey that lives there.
13．What problem do scientists face while studying monkeys
A．How to mark them.
B．How to tell them apart.
C．How to understand their behavior.
D．How to use facial recognition technology.
14．Which of the following is TRUE about facial recognition technology for monkeys
A．It needs to be connected to cameras to work.
B．It works better than human facial recognition.
C．It was developed by a research team in Shanxi province.
D．It requires a database of about 700 to 800 pictures of monkeys.
15．What does "these factors" in Paragraph 7 refer to
a. image samples
b. hairy faces
c. hair color
d. the environment
A．ab B．ac C．bc D．bd
16．According to Li Baoguo, the system _____.
A．has been fully developed
B．has a high recognition success rate
C．is similar to human facial recognition
D．needs high-quality pictures to improve
17．What is the passage mainly about
A．A scientific study of snub-nosed monkeys on Qinling Mountain.
B．The use of facial recognition technology for studying monkeys.
C．The difficulties of using facial recognition technology for monkeys.
D．Different ways to identify snub-nosed monkeys on Qinling Mountain.
【答案】13．B
14．A
15．C
16．D
17．B
【考点】科普类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了使用面部识别技术来研究猴子的基本情况。
【点评】考查阅读理解。首先通读全文，理解文章大意，然后分析问题和选项，从文中找到依据，最后得出答案。
13．细节理解题。根据文中第一段 But the problem is: how to know who's who 但问题是：如何知道谁是谁？可知，科学家在研究猴子时面临的问题是：如何区分它们。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据文中第五段 When the system is fully developed, we can connect it with cameras set up in the mountains. 可知， 猴子的面部识别技术需要连接摄影机才能工作。A项表述正确，故选A。
15．词句猜测题。根据前面 because monkeys have hairier faces. The color of their hair causes them to blend into their environment. 因为猴子的脸多毛。他们头发的颜色使他们融入环境。 可知，此处指毛茸茸的脸和头发颜色使计算机更难完成这项工作。所以这些因素指的是毛茸茸的脸和头发颜色，故选C。
16．细节理解题。根据李保国所说 It is difficult to take high-quality pictures and videos of them, which are needed to improve the system, 可知，他认为这个系统需要高质量的图片来改善，故选D。
17．主旨大意题。根据本文内容可知，本文主要介绍了使用面部识别技术来研究猴子的基本情况。故选B。
（2021·清远模拟）阅读理解
Computers, smart phones, and other machines are the perfect
servants. They always do what they are "told". We usually
"tell" them to do things by using a mouse or keyboard. But what if we
could just talk to them normally and tell them what to do in our daily life
This type of technology, known as voice control or voice
recognition(声音识别), has been shown in films and TV shows
since the 1960s.And real-world voice recognition is used for more everyday tasks.
You might be familiar with Siri and Alexa, two examples of voice
recognition software made by Apple and Amazon. They can be asked to do many
things, from setting alarms and playing music to placing online shopping orders
and controlling household appliances (家用电器)
One of the nice things about voice recognition is that it can be
used when we're on the go. When you're driving a car or walking down the
sidewalk, it can be inconvenient or even dangerous to pick up your smart phone
and type away on the keyboard. Voice recognition allows you to focus on (专注于)whatever you're doing at the moment while still doing other tasks.
What's more, people with hearing disabilities can also benefit(获益), as speech recognition software can be used to "listen" to
spoken words and turn them into text that deaf people can read.
18．We usually "tell" computers and smart phones to do things by _________________.
A．other machines
B．the perfect servants
C．using a mouse or keyboard
D．talking to the people who are using them
19．What does the word "familiar" in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese
A．喜欢的 B．家里的 C．真实的 D．熟悉的
20．We can't use voice recognition to _________________.
A．set alarms and play music B．cook some food
C．place online shopping orders D．control household appliances
21．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．Siri and Alexa are made by Apple and Alibaba.
B．We can pick up and type on our phone when we're driving a car.
C．The deaf people can't use voice recognition because they hear nothing.
D．Voice recognition can make people do different things at the same time.
22．This passage is mainly about _________________.
A．the uses of voice recognition
B．the reason why people use voice recognition
C．the advantages and disadvantages of voice recognition
D．how to use computers, smart phones, and other machines
【答案】18．C
19．D
20．B
21．D
22．A
【考点】科普类；说明文
【解析】【分析】短文大意：这篇短文主要介绍了语音识别功能及其好处。
【点评】考查说明文阅读。认真阅读题干，根据题干要求，在文中寻找答案所在的语句或段落，进行分析理解，词义猜测，推理判断和概括归纳，选出正确的选项。
18．细节理解题。根据第一段中的句子We usually“tell” themto do things by using a mouse or keyboard可知，我们通常通过鼠标或键盘来给它们下达指令，故答案为C。
19．词义猜测题。根据题干You might be familiar with Siri and Alexa, two examples of voice recognition software made by Apple and Amazon及常识，可知，人们对于Siri和Alexa这两种语音识别功能已经比较熟悉，所以familiar表示“熟悉的”，故答案为D。
20．细节理解题。根据 第二段最后一句They can be asked to do many things, from setting alarms and playing music to placing online shopping orders and controlling household appliances (家用电器) 可知用语音识别系统可以让它们设置闹钟，播放音乐，在线下单和控制家用电器，故答案为B。
21．推理判断题。根据第三段中的句子Voice recognition allows you to focus on (专注于)whatever you're doing at the moment while still doing other tasks. 可知语音识别功能可以让人们同时做不同的事情，D选项正确，故答案为D。
22．主旨大意题。根据短文内容可知，本文主要介绍了语音识别功能及其好处，故答案为A。
（2021·丽水模拟）阅读理解
The negative health
influences of plastic on both wildlife and humans have been well-known.
However, the material, which is used for everything from shopping bags to drink
bottles to food packaging, is hard to avoid. What's worse, the small percentage
of recycled plastic is of lower quality and can only be used a few times before
it has to be thrown away.
Now, French company
Carbios wants to help solve the problem with a plastic-eating enzyme (酶) that digests plastic and turns it into its chemical building
blocks. The resulting material can be used to create anything and, more
importantly, can be endlessly recycled.
"Traditional
method of recycling plastic is limited," explains Carbios CEO Martin
Stephan. "And you cannot recycle it infinitely (无限). After six or seven cycles of recycling, the plastic might only be
good enough to use for item like clothing or carpets, and eventually, it will
have to be discarded entirely. So it's not a solution for the end of life of
plastics, while our solution is an infinite recycling solution."
The recycling process,
which is currently in its pilot stage, will be tested on a larger scale in
France. The company has already signed up several large customers, who are all
eager to reduce their ecological (生态)
footprint. "Our goal is to bring this technology on the market by 2024 at
large industrial scale," said Stephan.
However, Stephan
believes we can only win the battle if people make sure that plastic waste doesn't
end up in the environment or in landfills. So next time you use a plastic
bottle or container, be sure to make the extra effort to place it in a
recycling bin.
23．Paragraph 1 tells us that________.
A．plastic pollution still exists seriously
B．plastic bags are used widely in daily life
C．plastic has to be thrown away after being used
D．people have done their best to stop plastic pollution
24．The greatest advantage of French company Carbios' solution is that________.
A．people can avoid using plastic easily
B．people can use the plastic 6 or 7 times
C．the material can be endlessly recycled
D．plastic can be made into clothes and carpets
25．The underlined word "discarded" in Para. 3 means________.
A．cut down B．taken over C．sold out D．thrown away
26．What can we know about Carbios' recycling technique from the above passage
A．It has not yet been widely adopted.
B．It has brought the company much money.
C．It has been brought into the market.
D．It is being tested at large industrial scale.
【答案】23．A
24．C
25．D
26．A
【考点】环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新的回收塑料的技术 ,相比传统的回收方法高效快速。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本题考点涉及细节理解、词义猜测、推理判断和段落大意，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
23．段落大意题。根据第一 段中的“However, the material, which is used for everything from shopping bags to drink bottles to food packaging, is hard to avoid.而，这种材料，用于从购物袋到饮料瓶到食品包装，很难避免。可知，第一段主要说明了塑料污染依旧存在，故选A。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段中的" The resulting material can be used to create anything and, more importantly, can be endlessly recycled. "产生的材料可以用来创造任何东西，更重要的是，可以持续回收利用。可知，该公司的最大优点是产生的材料可持续性利用，故选C。
25．词义猜测题。根据第3段 After six or seven cycles of recycling, the plastic might only be good enough to use for item like clothing or carpets, and eventually, it will have to be discarded entirely.经过六七个循环的回收，塑料可能只能用于衣服或地毯等物品，最终，它将不得不被完全丢弃。可知，discarded意为丢弃，和D选项同义，故选D。
26．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的" The recycling process, which is currently in its pilot stage, will be tested on a larger scale in France. “目前正在进行试验阶段的回收过程将在法国进行更大规模的测试。 可知，该项细菌酶技术还处于实验阶段，它尚未被广泛采用。 故选A。
（2021·宁波模拟）阅读理解
Food miles How well traveled is your food
The Issue
Next time you sit down for dinner, make a list of all the foods on your plate. Make a survey on where those foods have come from. You could be in for a big surprise.
Has your rice come from Thailand Have your oranges come from America
"Food miles" is a term(术语)that describes the distance food travels between where it is grown, caught or processed and your dinner table.
Why should we worry about it？It is important because the further food travels, the more fuel(燃料) is needed to carry it and the more greenhouse gases are created.
Research has found that the contents of the average family shopping basket have traveled a surprising 70, 000 kilometers.
Everyone can make a difference. If you care about the future, reduce your food miles and your impact on the environment.
Comments
Ellen P May 7, 10：00 am I agree. We should buy all the food that is grown locally and help our environment.
Joy May 7, 11：17 am We grow our own vegetables. They have zero food miles!
Busy Dad May 7, 11：20 am Buying locally is a great idea，Ellen，but local products cost more than imported(进口的) ones. Not everyone can afford to buy only local foods.
Get real May 7, 11：34 am I don't believe it makes any difference. It's just another excuse for shops to ask customers to spend more money on foods.
Green boy May 7, 11：50 am We have to take a stand and do what we can. Even if it costs a bit more, I guess saving the planet is more important than saving money.
27．According to the passage, what is one way a person can reduce their food miles
A．Refusing to buy food that are expensive.
B．Buying local products instead of imported food.
C．Setting a limit on how far they will travel to buy food.
D．Starting an activity to let everyone know about the problem.
28．What is the main purpose of The Issue section
A．To suggest solutions to the food miles problem.
B．To show which foods different countries are famous for.
C．To describe the problem in order to encourage discussion.
D．To provide proof(证据)that the food we eat is very expensive.
29．What big surprise does the writer predict at the end of the first paragraph of The Issue section
A．The difficulty of getting fresh local products.
B．The number of different foods used in families.
C．The conclusion that food should be locally produced.
D．The discovery that food comes from many different places.
30．The information included in the Comments section is ________.
A．listed in the order of date and time
B．grouped into comments for and against
C．put in the order of the first letters of names
D．organized by the length(长度)of each writer's text
【答案】27．B
28．C
29．D
30．A
【考点】环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文首先介绍了 Food miles 这一术语的概念，然后提出减少食物运输距离这一问题，接着对此问题进行相关评论。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题、推理判断题两种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。
27． 细节理解题。根据We should buy all the food that is grown locally and help our environment. 可知，我们应该买当地的食物而不是进口的食物来帮助减少食物运输距离，故选B。
28．推理判断题。根据 The Issue 部分的描述可知，此部分先说明了 "Food miles" 的含义，然后说明为了保护环境，我们应该减少食物运输的距离，因此这部分的目的是为了描述问题，引发下面的讨论，故选C。
29．推理判断题。根据下文 Has your rice come from Thailand？Have your oranges come from America 以及 Research has found that the contents of the average family shopping basket have traveled a surprising 70, 000 kilometers. 可知，作者发现食物来自许多不同的地方，故选D。
30．细节理解题。根据Ellen P May 7, 10：00 am， Joy May 7, 11：17 am， Busy Dad May 7, 11：20 am ， Get real May 7, 11：34 am，Green boy May 7, 11：50 am 可知，这些评论是按照时间顺序进行排列的，故选A。
（2021·高明模拟）阅读单选
Most people suffer from
"Just-me-ism". What is that Well, say you leave the tap running
while you brush your teeth, leave a light on when you go out or you drop a
piece of litter on the ground. You know that all those things are wrong, but so
what You say to yourself. "There are millions of people in the world and
I'm just me. How can it matter if I leave one little tap running, one little
light on or leave a little piece of litter on the road And anyway, no one will
know."
Of course, it won't matter if there are just a
few people in the world. But all the millions of people may follow suit.
That will be very harmful to the environment.
To call on young people to take action for the
environment. Roots & Shoots(根与芽) was set up in the early 1990s
by Dr. Jane Goodall, a scientist who is the world's best-known expert on wild
chimpanzees(黑猩猩).
The organization is called Roots & Shoots
because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm foundation(基础), and
shoots seem small and weak, but they can break walls to reach the light. The
roots and shoots are you, your friends and young people all around the world.
Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can work together to solve the
problems, change the world and make it a better place to live in.
31．The following behaviors show "Just-me-ism" EXCEPT ________.
A．leaving the tap running while brushing teeth
B．keeping a computer on when surfing the Internet
C．leaving a light on when going out
D．dropping a piece of litter on the ground
32．The underlined phrase follow suit in Paragraph 2 means ________ in Chinese.
A．遵守 B．反对 C．效仿 D．支持
33．The purpose of Roots & Shoots is to ________.
A．introduce the animals' lifestyle
B．help roots and shoots grow strong
C．learn more about wild animals like chimpanzees
D．encourage young people to protect environment
34．We can learn from the last paragraph that ________.
A．roots move fast under the ground
B．shoots are too weak to reach the light
C．young people do little to change the world
D．everyone can help make the world better
35．The best title of the passage is ________.
A．Try to Be Brave B．Say No to Just-me-ism
C．Learn to Found an Organization D．Be an Active Learn
【答案】31．B
32．C
33．D
34．D
35．B
【考点】环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：很多人都有"就我一个"的问题。如果一些人这样，不要紧，但是如果很多人都这样，就会影响环境。有这样一个叫"根与芽"的组织，希望人们能像根与芽一样，团结在一起解决问题，更好的生活。
【点评】考查阅读理解。首先通读全文，理解文章大意，然后分析问题和选项，从文中找到依据，最后得出答案。
31．细节理解题。根据"Well, say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth, leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter on the ground. "可知"就我一个"的行为有刷牙时水一直流、出去的时候开灯或者往地上扔垃圾。故选B。
32．词句猜测题。根据"Of course, it won't matter if there are just a few people in the world. But all the millions of people may follow suit. "可知如果世界上只有一些人这样没有关系，但是上百万的人可能会效仿。所以follow suit是效仿的意思，故选C。
33．细节理解题。根据"To call on young people to take action for the environment. Roots & Shoots(根与芽) was set up in the early 1990s by Dr. Jane Goodall, a scientist who is the world's best-known expert on wild chimpanzees(黑猩猩)."可知根与芽的组织是为了号召人们行动起来保护环境。故选D。
34．推理判断题。根据"The roots and shoots are you, your friends and young people
all around the world. Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can work
together to solve the problems, change the world and make it a better place to
live in."可知根与芽就是我们每个人，我们团结一起，就能让我们生活的世界更美好，因此每个人都能让世界更美好。故选D。
35．主旨大意题。文章开头提出"Just-me-ism"这个概念，然后围绕"就我一个"展开，因此B选项最适合做标题。故选B。
（2021·龙湖模拟）阅读单选
Waste sorting is a problem around Kinds of waste include: ⒈ Recyclable waste: paper, metal, glass and other things that can be reused. ⒉ Harmful waste: things like medicine, batteries. ⒊ Wet waste: things that you don't want but pigs eat, also called household waste. ⒋ Dry waste: things that aren't wet, recyclable or harmful waste. A few ways to help you sort waste ⒈ Plastic bags can't be recycled. Plastic bags may cause a lot of problems in the recycling process. If you have plastic bags, you should put them in the dry waste bin. ⒉ Plastic bottles with caps on can be recycled. With the new recycling equipment, this kind of bottles will go into the recyclable waste bin. However, the bottles filled with air usually take up more transport space. Therefore, you had better squeeze(挤压) the air out of the bottles before you recycle them. ⒊ Pizza boxes can't be recycled. Although cardboard itself is recyclable, pizza boxes are not. Why It is due to the oil. The oil on the boxes makes the paper non-recyclable.
36．How many kinds of waste are mentioned in the passage
A．1 B．2 C．3 D．4
37．Dry waste means________.
A．paper, metal, glass and other things that can be reused
B．all waste except wet, recyclable or harmful waste
C．things that you don't want but pigs can eat
D．things like medicine, batteries
38．We may squeeze the air out of the bottles before we recycle them because ________.
A．we have new recycling equipment
B．the bottles filled with air take up more space in transport
C．plastic may cause a lot of problems
D．the bottles make the caps non-recyclable
39．The underlined word "itself" in the passage prefers to________.
A．pizza boxes B．cardboard C．the oil D．the paper
40．This passage is probably from a ________.
A．magazine B．story book C．novel D．dictionary
【答案】36．D
37．B
38．B
39．B
40．A
【考点】环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了垃圾的四种分类以及做好垃圾分类的方法。
【点评】考查阅读理解。首先通读全文，理解文章大意，然后分析问题和选项，从文中找到依据，最后得出答案。
36．推理判断题。根据“1. Recyclable waste...2. Harmful waste...3. Wet waste...4. Dry
waste...”可知，文章提到了四种垃圾。故选D。
37．细节理解题。根据“4.
Dry waste: things that aren't wet, recyclable or harmful waste.”可知，干垃圾是不湿的、可回收的或有害的垃圾。故选B。
38．细节理解题。根据“However, the bottles filled with air usually take up more transport
space.”可知，装满空气的瓶子通常会占用更多的运输空间。故选B。
39．推理判断题。根据“Although cardboard itself is recyclable, pizza boxes are not.”可知，尽管纸板本身是可回收的，比萨饼盒却不是，此处的“itself”指的是纸板。故选B。
40．推理判断题。通读全文，可知本文与垃圾分类有关，可推知可能会在杂志上看到。故选A。
（2021·自贡模拟）阅读单选
According to a report, over 22,000 plastic
bottles are thrown away every second, and the number is still growing. Most
plastic bottles end up in the oceans. They break into small pieces. Fish and
birds often mistake them for food.
Now Robert Bezeau has
come up with an idea. It may not solve the world's plastic woes, but
will at least make a difference — He plans to use the plastic bottles to build
a village in the jungles of Bocas del Toro, Panama.
Robert Bezeau is a
Canadian. He has been living in the Central American country for many years.
One day, he noticed there was so much plastic waste on the beautiful beaches.
During one year and a half, Bezeau and his volunteers collected over a million
plastic bottles!
In 2015, he came up with
the idea of using the bottles to build homes, and Plastic Bottle Village was
born. So far, only one two-story house has been built. But if Bezeau has his
way, there will soon be 90 to 120 homes that will make up Plastic Bottle
Village. Depending on the size, each home needs between 10,000 to 25,000
bottles.
Interestingly, the
bottles are good insulators (绝缘体) and help
keep the home at a comfortable temperature. Even better The homes are also
resistant (抵抗的) to an earthquake.
Recycling plastic
bottles is good for our environment — So be sure to do your part!
41．Why shouldn't we throw plastic bottles into the oceans
A．Plastic can't break into pieces easily.
B．Plastic bottles will go into deep water.
C．Fish and birds often eat small pieces as food.
42．Which has the similar meaning as the underlined word "woes" in paragraph 2
A．Troubles. B．Houses. C．Bottles.
43．What can we infer from the passage
A．Plastic Bottle Houses will be comfortable.
B．Plastic bottle houses fall down easily in an earthquake.
C．Plastic bottle houses can solve our environment problems completely.
44．What is the best title for the passage
A．Bezeau and his volunteers
B．Panama's Plastic Bottle Houses
C．Recycling is good for our oceans
【答案】41．C
42．A
43．A
44．C
【考点】环保类；议论文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要通过Robert Bezeau建造塑料瓶村庄的例子，呼吁人们要循环使用塑料瓶，为我们的海洋环境出一份力。
【点评】考查阅读理解。首先通读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住问题关键词，在文中寻找相关信息，确定答案，最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。
41．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Most plastic bottles end up in the oceans. They break into small pieces. Fish and birds often mistake them for food.”可知，我们不应该把塑料瓶扔进海洋，因为鱼和鸟类经常把它们误认为食物。故选C。
42．词义猜测题。根据第二段的“Now Robert Bezeau has come up with an idea. It may not solve the world's plastic woes, but will at least make a difference…”及结合选项可推断，Robert Bezeau想出了一个主意，它也许不能解决世界的塑料行业的困境，但至少会有些不同。solve意为“解决”，结合语境应是解决“麻烦”，所以划线单词与Troubles 意思相近。故选A。
43．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Interestingly, the bottles are good insulators (绝缘体) and help keep the home at a comfortable temperature.”可知有趣的是，这些瓶子是很好的绝缘体，有助于保持家里舒适的温度。由此可推断出，塑料瓶屋，让人感觉很舒适。故选A。
44．标题归纳题。阅读文章可知，本文主要通过Robert Bezeau建造塑料瓶村庄的例子，呼吁人们要循环使用塑料瓶，为我们的海洋环境出一份力。分析选项可知，选项C“循环利用对我们的海洋有好处”为最佳题目。故选C。
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备战2022年中考英语专题复习——阅读理解（科普环保类）
一、阅读理解
（2021·义乌模拟）阅读理解
It should be easy for you to recognize faces of your family and friends. But can you remember faces that you've only seen once You might think it is very difficult.
However, studies have found a small number of people have amazing face recognisation skills. They are the so-called "super recognisers (识别器)", who can remember at least 80 percent of faces they've seen. It is unknown how many people truly have these skills.
But studies show that at least one in 50 people are super recognisers, reported the Daily Mail. Bournemouth University of UK recently carried out a study, trying to find whether super recognisers have a different way to deal with faces. They found that when these people look at faces, they spend more time looking at the person's nose. Researchers also found that these people are not particularly smarter than others. Their super ability is limited only to face recognisation. Another important finding is that there are subtypes (子类型) of super recognisation. Some super recognisers never forget faces. But for some, if you present pairs of faces to them at the same time, they can quickly decide whether the faces are of the same person or two different people.
In fact, many super recognisers say they are good at "spotting" faces in a crowd. These subtypes of super recognisation could be applied to many areas of life. For example, the skills could be very useful at a passport control checkpoint. Super recognisers could help match faces in CCTV footage. They could also help police spot known troublemakers, bad people or even missing people in crowds.
1．The" super recognisers" can remember _________of the faces they've seen.
A．all B．at least 50
C．at least 50 percent D．at least 80 percent
2．What did the university's study find about super recognisers
A．They spend the same time on one's eyes and nose.
B．They pay more attention to a person's nose.
C．They are a lot smarter than other people.
D．They are also very good at voice recognition.
3．The underlined word "applied" in the passage most probably means________.
A．developed B．asked C．used D．shown
4．What does the last paragraph talk about
A．More subtypes of super recognisation.
B．Reasons of different subtypes.
C．Application of super recognisation in some jobs.
D．How to be a super recogniser.
（2021·宁波模拟）阅读理解
"Do you want to have a talk with aliens？What do they look like？Where do they live？…" People are always wondering whether there is intelligent life on other planets. For many years, scientists said "no" or "we don't know". But today this is changing. Seth Shostak and Alexandra Barnett are astronomers(天文学家). They both believe intelligent life exists(存在)somewhere in the universe. They think we will soon contact these beings as well.
Why do Shostak and Barnett think intelligent life exists on other planets？The first reason is time. According to the careful research, scientists believe the universe is about 12 billion years old. "This is long enough for other planets to have intelligent life," say the two astronomers—Shostak and Barnett. The second important reason is size—the universe is huge. "Tools like the Hubble Telescope(哈勃望远镜)have shown us that there are at least 100 billion galaxies, " says Shostak. "And our galaxy, the Milky Way, has at least 100 billion stars. Some planets going around these stars might be similar to Earth. "
In the past, it was hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe. But as time goes by, powerful telescopes allow scientists to discover some smaller planets—the size of Mars or Earth in other solar systems. These planets might have intelligent life.
Have beings from space already visited
our Earth？"Probably not, " says Shostak. "It's
a long way away. However, intelligent beings may contact us in other ways, such
as radio signals(信号). In fact, they may be trying to
communicate with us now, but we don't have the right tools to receive their
messages. However, this is changing. By 2025, we could make contact with other
life forms in our universe and we might help each other. "
5．The underlined word "contact" in Paragraph 1 probably means "________".
A．communicate with B．take care of
C．live together with D．look for
6．Which sentence best describes the main idea of the passage
A．The universe is old enough to have intelligent life.
B．There are at least 100 billion galaxies in the universe.
C．It was hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe.
D．There are intelligent beings in universe and they may contact us.
7．On which website can readers most probably find this passage
A．www. we love
B．www.
C．www. the wonderful
D．www. movie
8．What is the two astronomers' attitude(态度)towards the beings from the space
A．Doubtful. B．Uncaring. C．Positive. D．Negative.
（2021·海曙模拟）阅读理解
Many people dream of traveling into outer space. However, spending too much time in space may cause health problems, according to NASA. That's why astronauts shouldn't spend more than six months on the International Space Station (ISS) at a time.
Muscle (肌肉) and bone loss
In a weightless environment, astronauts don't need to use their muscles to support themselves. Therefore, their muscles start shrinking (萎缩). To keep their muscles strong, astronauts need to exercise about 2 hours each day on the ISS.
The weightless environment also causes astronauts' bones to lose minerals, with density(密度) dropping at over 1 percent per month. The rate of bone loss for elderly people on Ear this 1 to 1.5 percent per year.
Sleep disorder(混乱)
ln space, the sun rises every 90 minutes. It is hard for astronauts to get used to this light-dark cycle when they sleep. Also, they need to sleep in a sleeping bag that is fixed to a wall, which is uncomfortable.
Astronauts now have individual sleeping pods (分离仓) that help shut out some of the light. Still, studies have found that most astronauts only sleep about six hours each night, even though they should have eight and a half hours.
Brain changes
Scientists have found that the position of the brain changes during spaceflight. It shifts upward within the skull (头骨). This can affect how the brain deals with how we see, stay balanced and move around. That's why some astronauts can't control their movement and balance after returning to Earth. Scientists have also found that astronauts may get used to this change after going on more spaceflights. But they still need to do more research.
9．According to the story, astronauts may suffer the following health problems:_______.
a. bone loss
b. high blood pressure
c. sleep disorder
d. mental disease
e. muscle shrinking
A．ace B．bce C．abe D．bcd
10．Astronauts suffer muscle problems after returning back to Earth because_______.
A．they rarely walk while in space
B．they are too busy to exercise in space
C．they don't use their muscles in space often
D．they don't have enough room to exercise in space
11．Astronauts sleep in individual sleeping pods to_______.
A．shut out light
B．stay warm at night
C．enjoy a quiet atmosphere
D．prevent themselves from floating around
12．Astronauts could _______ to deal with the problem of losing their balance.
A．take some medicine. B．sleep more and rest.
C．go on more spaceflights. D．walk upside-down on Earth. .
（2021·南山模拟）阅读下列短文，从下面每小题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项
A scientist goes to a forest to study monkeys. He or she wants to study their habits and behavior. But the problem is: how to know who's who
In the past, scientists had to make marks on each of the animals to distinguish them. But in the future, they may have a much easier way to tell them apart thanks to facial recognition technology.
A research team from China's Northwest University is using facial recognition technology to identify thousands of snub-nosed monkeys (金丝猴) that live on Qinling Mountain in Shaanxi province.
Similar to human facial recognition, the technology that is used to identify monkeys uses their facial features to create a database that includes every monkey, Xinhua reported.
"When the system is fully developed, we can connect it with cameras set up in the mountains. The system will automatically recognize the monkeys, name them and analyze their behavior," said Zhang He, a member of the research team.
"For each snub-nosed monkey, we have 700 to 800 image samples, and the recognition success rate is 94 percent," Zhang added.
Compared with facial recognition technology for humans, facial recognition technology for monkeys is more complicated because monkeys have hairier faces. The color of their hair causes them to blend into their environment. These factors make it harder for computers to do the job.
"Monkeys do not cooperate with researchers in the same way humans do. It is difficult to take high-quality pictures and videos of them, which are needed to improve the system," said Li Baoguo, leader of the research team.
Currently, there are about 4,000 snub-nosed monkeys living on Qinling Mountain. The team's goal is to successfully identify every monkey that lives there.
13．What problem do scientists face while studying monkeys
A．How to mark them.
B．How to tell them apart.
C．How to understand their behavior.
D．How to use facial recognition technology.
14．Which of the following is TRUE about facial recognition technology for monkeys
A．It needs to be connected to cameras to work.
B．It works better than human facial recognition.
C．It was developed by a research team in Shanxi province.
D．It requires a database of about 700 to 800 pictures of monkeys.
15．What does "these factors" in Paragraph 7 refer to
a. image samples
b. hairy faces
c. hair color
d. the environment
A．ab B．ac C．bc D．bd
16．According to Li Baoguo, the system _____.
A．has been fully developed
B．has a high recognition success rate
C．is similar to human facial recognition
D．needs high-quality pictures to improve
17．What is the passage mainly about
A．A scientific study of snub-nosed monkeys on Qinling Mountain.
B．The use of facial recognition technology for studying monkeys.
C．The difficulties of using facial recognition technology for monkeys.
D．Different ways to identify snub-nosed monkeys on Qinling Mountain.
（2021·清远模拟）阅读理解
Computers, smart phones, and other machines are the perfect
servants. They always do what they are "told". We usually
"tell" them to do things by using a mouse or keyboard. But what if we
could just talk to them normally and tell them what to do in our daily life
This type of technology, known as voice control or voice
recognition(声音识别), has been shown in films and TV shows
since the 1960s.And real-world voice recognition is used for more everyday tasks.
You might be familiar with Siri and Alexa, two examples of voice
recognition software made by Apple and Amazon. They can be asked to do many
things, from setting alarms and playing music to placing online shopping orders
and controlling household appliances (家用电器)
One of the nice things about voice recognition is that it can be
used when we're on the go. When you're driving a car or walking down the
sidewalk, it can be inconvenient or even dangerous to pick up your smart phone
and type away on the keyboard. Voice recognition allows you to focus on (专注于)whatever you're doing at the moment while still doing other tasks.
What's more, people with hearing disabilities can also benefit(获益), as speech recognition software can be used to "listen" to
spoken words and turn them into text that deaf people can read.
18．We usually "tell" computers and smart phones to do things by _________________.
A．other machines
B．the perfect servants
C．using a mouse or keyboard
D．talking to the people who are using them
19．What does the word "familiar" in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese
A．喜欢的 B．家里的 C．真实的 D．熟悉的
20．We can't use voice recognition to _________________.
A．set alarms and play music B．cook some food
C．place online shopping orders D．control household appliances
21．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．Siri and Alexa are made by Apple and Alibaba.
B．We can pick up and type on our phone when we're driving a car.
C．The deaf people can't use voice recognition because they hear nothing.
D．Voice recognition can make people do different things at the same time.
22．This passage is mainly about _________________.
A．the uses of voice recognition
B．the reason why people use voice recognition
C．the advantages and disadvantages of voice recognition
D．how to use computers, smart phones, and other machines
（2021·丽水模拟）阅读理解
The negative health
influences of plastic on both wildlife and humans have been well-known.
However, the material, which is used for everything from shopping bags to drink
bottles to food packaging, is hard to avoid. What's worse, the small percentage
of recycled plastic is of lower quality and can only be used a few times before
it has to be thrown away.
Now, French company
Carbios wants to help solve the problem with a plastic-eating enzyme (酶) that digests plastic and turns it into its chemical building
blocks. The resulting material can be used to create anything and, more
importantly, can be endlessly recycled.
"Traditional
method of recycling plastic is limited," explains Carbios CEO Martin
Stephan. "And you cannot recycle it infinitely (无限). After six or seven cycles of recycling, the plastic might only be
good enough to use for item like clothing or carpets, and eventually, it will
have to be discarded entirely. So it's not a solution for the end of life of
plastics, while our solution is an infinite recycling solution."
The recycling process,
which is currently in its pilot stage, will be tested on a larger scale in
France. The company has already signed up several large customers, who are all
eager to reduce their ecological (生态)
footprint. "Our goal is to bring this technology on the market by 2024 at
large industrial scale," said Stephan.
However, Stephan
believes we can only win the battle if people make sure that plastic waste doesn't
end up in the environment or in landfills. So next time you use a plastic
bottle or container, be sure to make the extra effort to place it in a
recycling bin.
23．Paragraph 1 tells us that________.
A．plastic pollution still exists seriously
B．plastic bags are used widely in daily life
C．plastic has to be thrown away after being used
D．people have done their best to stop plastic pollution
24．The greatest advantage of French company Carbios' solution is that________.
A．people can avoid using plastic easily
B．people can use the plastic 6 or 7 times
C．the material can be endlessly recycled
D．plastic can be made into clothes and carpets
25．The underlined word "discarded" in Para. 3 means________.
A．cut down B．taken over C．sold out D．thrown away
26．What can we know about Carbios' recycling technique from the above passage
A．It has not yet been widely adopted.
B．It has brought the company much money.
C．It has been brought into the market.
D．It is being tested at large industrial scale.
（2021·宁波模拟）阅读理解
Food miles How well traveled is your food
The Issue
Next time you sit down for dinner, make a list of all the foods on your plate. Make a survey on where those foods have come from. You could be in for a big surprise.
Has your rice come from Thailand Have your oranges come from America
"Food miles" is a term(术语)that describes the distance food travels between where it is grown, caught or processed and your dinner table.
Why should we worry about it？It is important because the further food travels, the more fuel(燃料) is needed to carry it and the more greenhouse gases are created.
Research has found that the contents of the average family shopping basket have traveled a surprising 70, 000 kilometers.
Everyone can make a difference. If you care about the future, reduce your food miles and your impact on the environment.
Comments
Ellen P May 7, 10：00 am I agree. We should buy all the food that is grown locally and help our environment.
Joy May 7, 11：17 am We grow our own vegetables. They have zero food miles!
Busy Dad May 7, 11：20 am Buying locally is a great idea，Ellen，but local products cost more than imported(进口的) ones. Not everyone can afford to buy only local foods.
Get real May 7, 11：34 am I don't believe it makes any difference. It's just another excuse for shops to ask customers to spend more money on foods.
Green boy May 7, 11：50 am We have to take a stand and do what we can. Even if it costs a bit more, I guess saving the planet is more important than saving money.
27．According to the passage, what is one way a person can reduce their food miles
A．Refusing to buy food that are expensive.
B．Buying local products instead of imported food.
C．Setting a limit on how far they will travel to buy food.
D．Starting an activity to let everyone know about the problem.
28．What is the main purpose of The Issue section
A．To suggest solutions to the food miles problem.
B．To show which foods different countries are famous for.
C．To describe the problem in order to encourage discussion.
D．To provide proof(证据)that the food we eat is very expensive.
29．What big surprise does the writer predict at the end of the first paragraph of The Issue section
A．The difficulty of getting fresh local products.
B．The number of different foods used in families.
C．The conclusion that food should be locally produced.
D．The discovery that food comes from many different places.
30．The information included in the Comments section is ________.
A．listed in the order of date and time
B．grouped into comments for and against
C．put in the order of the first letters of names
D．organized by the length(长度)of each writer's text
（2021·高明模拟）阅读单选
Most people suffer from
"Just-me-ism". What is that Well, say you leave the tap running
while you brush your teeth, leave a light on when you go out or you drop a
piece of litter on the ground. You know that all those things are wrong, but so
what You say to yourself. "There are millions of people in the world and
I'm just me. How can it matter if I leave one little tap running, one little
light on or leave a little piece of litter on the road And anyway, no one will
know."
Of course, it won't matter if there are just a
few people in the world. But all the millions of people may follow suit.
That will be very harmful to the environment.
To call on young people to take action for the
environment. Roots & Shoots(根与芽) was set up in the early 1990s
by Dr. Jane Goodall, a scientist who is the world's best-known expert on wild
chimpanzees(黑猩猩).
The organization is called Roots & Shoots
because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm foundation(基础), and
shoots seem small and weak, but they can break walls to reach the light. The
roots and shoots are you, your friends and young people all around the world.
Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can work together to solve the
problems, change the world and make it a better place to live in.
31．The following behaviors show "Just-me-ism" EXCEPT ________.
A．leaving the tap running while brushing teeth
B．keeping a computer on when surfing the Internet
C．leaving a light on when going out
D．dropping a piece of litter on the ground
32．The underlined phrase follow suit in Paragraph 2 means ________ in Chinese.
A．遵守 B．反对 C．效仿 D．支持
33．The purpose of Roots & Shoots is to ________.
A．introduce the animals' lifestyle
B．help roots and shoots grow strong
C．learn more about wild animals like chimpanzees
D．encourage young people to protect environment
34．We can learn from the last paragraph that ________.
A．roots move fast under the ground
B．shoots are too weak to reach the light
C．young people do little to change the world
D．everyone can help make the world better
35．The best title of the passage is ________.
A．Try to Be Brave B．Say No to Just-me-ism
C．Learn to Found an Organization D．Be an Active Learn
（2021·龙湖模拟）阅读单选
Waste sorting is a problem around Kinds of waste include: ⒈ Recyclable waste: paper, metal, glass and other things that can be reused. ⒉ Harmful waste: things like medicine, batteries. ⒊ Wet waste: things that you don't want but pigs eat, also called household waste. ⒋ Dry waste: things that aren't wet, recyclable or harmful waste. A few ways to help you sort waste ⒈ Plastic bags can't be recycled. Plastic bags may cause a lot of problems in the recycling process. If you have plastic bags, you should put them in the dry waste bin. ⒉ Plastic bottles with caps on can be recycled. With the new recycling equipment, this kind of bottles will go into the recyclable waste bin. However, the bottles filled with air usually take up more transport space. Therefore, you had better squeeze(挤压) the air out of the bottles before you recycle them. ⒊ Pizza boxes can't be recycled. Although cardboard itself is recyclable, pizza boxes are not. Why It is due to the oil. The oil on the boxes makes the paper non-recyclable.
36．How many kinds of waste are mentioned in the passage
A．1 B．2 C．3 D．4
37．Dry waste means________.
A．paper, metal, glass and other things that can be reused
B．all waste except wet, recyclable or harmful waste
C．things that you don't want but pigs can eat
D．things like medicine, batteries
38．We may squeeze the air out of the bottles before we recycle them because ________.
A．we have new recycling equipment
B．the bottles filled with air take up more space in transport
C．plastic may cause a lot of problems
D．the bottles make the caps non-recyclable
39．The underlined word "itself" in the passage prefers to________.
A．pizza boxes B．cardboard C．the oil D．the paper
40．This passage is probably from a ________.
A．magazine B．story book C．novel D．dictionary
（2021·自贡模拟）阅读单选
According to a report, over 22,000 plastic
bottles are thrown away every second, and the number is still growing. Most
plastic bottles end up in the oceans. They break into small pieces. Fish and
birds often mistake them for food.
Now Robert Bezeau has
come up with an idea. It may not solve the world's plastic woes, but
will at least make a difference — He plans to use the plastic bottles to build
a village in the jungles of Bocas del Toro, Panama.
Robert Bezeau is a
Canadian. He has been living in the Central American country for many years.
One day, he noticed there was so much plastic waste on the beautiful beaches.
During one year and a half, Bezeau and his volunteers collected over a million
plastic bottles!
In 2015, he came up with
the idea of using the bottles to build homes, and Plastic Bottle Village was
born. So far, only one two-story house has been built. But if Bezeau has his
way, there will soon be 90 to 120 homes that will make up Plastic Bottle
Village. Depending on the size, each home needs between 10,000 to 25,000
bottles.
Interestingly, the
bottles are good insulators (绝缘体) and help
keep the home at a comfortable temperature. Even better The homes are also
resistant (抵抗的) to an earthquake.
Recycling plastic
bottles is good for our environment — So be sure to do your part!
41．Why shouldn't we throw plastic bottles into the oceans
A．Plastic can't break into pieces easily.
B．Plastic bottles will go into deep water.
C．Fish and birds often eat small pieces as food.
42．Which has the similar meaning as the underlined word "woes" in paragraph 2
A．Troubles. B．Houses. C．Bottles.
43．What can we infer from the passage
A．Plastic Bottle Houses will be comfortable.
B．Plastic bottle houses fall down easily in an earthquake.
C．Plastic bottle houses can solve our environment problems completely.
44．What is the best title for the passage
A．Bezeau and his volunteers
B．Panama's Plastic Bottle Houses
C．Recycling is good for our oceans
答案解析部分
【答案】1．D
2．B
3．C
4．C
【考点】科普类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍“超级识别器”。
【点评】考查阅读理解。先阅读短文。理解短文大意。然后分析问题，带着问题阅读短文，对于细节理解题，可直接从短文的细节中找出问题答案。对于词意猜测题，要根据上下文的联系，确定划线单词在文章中的意思，对于主旨大意题要根据文章的中心思想确定。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段 They are the so-called "super recognisers (识别器)", who can remember at least 80 percent of faces they've seen.可知他们就是所谓的“超级识别器”，至少可以记住他们见过的80%的面孔。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段 They found that when these people look at faces, they spend more time looking at the person's nose. 可知当这些人看脸时，他们会花更多的时间看人的鼻子。故选B。
3．词义猜测题。根据最后一段 For example, the skills could be very useful at a passport control checkpoint. Super recognisers could help match faces in CCTV footage. 可知这些都是“超级识别器”的应用。因此画线单词的意思是“应用，使用”，故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段These subtypes of super recognisation could be applied to many areas of life. 及全段可知这些超级识别器亚型可以应用于生活的许多领域。故选C。
【答案】5．A
6．D
7．B
8．C
【考点】科普类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了宇宙中是有智慧生物的，他们可能会联系我们。
【点评】考查阅读理解。首先通读全文，了解文章大意，然后分析问题和选项，从文中找到依据，最后得出正确答案。
5．词句猜测题。根据前面 They both believe intelligent life exists(存在)somewhere in the universe. 他们都相信智慧生命存在于宇宙中某处。可知，此处指“他们认为我们很快也会联系到这些生物。”所以contact是联系的意思，故选A。
6．主旨大意题。根据本文内容可知，本文主要介绍了宇宙中是有智慧生物的，他们可能会联系我们。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据本文内容可知，本文主要介绍了宇宙中是有智慧生物的，他们可能会联系我们。所以本文应该来自科学空间相关的网站，故选B。
8．推理判断题。根据文中第一段They both believe intelligent life exists(存在)somewhere in the universe. They think we will soon contact these beings as well.他们都相信宇宙中存在智慧生命。他们认为我们很快也会联系到这些生物。 可知， 两个天文学家的态度是积极的，故选C。
【答案】9．A
10．C
11．A
12．C
【考点】科普类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文介绍了根据美国宇航局的说法，在太空中花费太多的时间可能会导致健康问题。
【点评】考查阅读理解。先对原文迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读材料，各个击破。掌握全文大意后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清媒体要求后，带着问题，再回到原文章中去寻找有关的信息。
9．细节理解题。根据 Muscle (肌肉) and bone loss Therefore, their muscles start shrinking (萎缩). ； Sleep disorder(混乱)ln space, the sun rises every 90 minutes. It is hard for astronauts to get used to this light-dark cycle when they sleep. Also, they need to sleep in a sleeping bag that is fixed to a wall, which is uncomfortable. 故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据 In a weightless environment, astronauts don't need to use their muscles to support themselves. Therefore, their muscles start shrinking (萎缩). 宇航员在太空不需要使用肌肉支持身体，引起肌肉的萎缩，可知在回到地球后要遭受肌肉疾病的痛苦，故选C。
11．细节理解题。根据 Astronauts now have individual sleeping pods (分离仓) that help shut out some of the light. 可知宇航员使用自己的分离仓这有助于阻挡部分光线。故选A。
12．细节理解题。根据 That's why some astronauts can't control their movement and balance after returning to Earth. Scientists have also found that astronauts may get used to this change after going on more spaceflights. 可知宇航员在进行更多的太空飞行可能会使他们处理失衡的问题，故选C。
【答案】13．B
14．A
15．C
16．D
17．B
【考点】科普类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了使用面部识别技术来研究猴子的基本情况。
【点评】考查阅读理解。首先通读全文，理解文章大意，然后分析问题和选项，从文中找到依据，最后得出答案。
13．细节理解题。根据文中第一段 But the problem is: how to know who's who 但问题是：如何知道谁是谁？可知，科学家在研究猴子时面临的问题是：如何区分它们。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据文中第五段 When the system is fully developed, we can connect it with cameras set up in the mountains. 可知， 猴子的面部识别技术需要连接摄影机才能工作。A项表述正确，故选A。
15．词句猜测题。根据前面 because monkeys have hairier faces. The color of their hair causes them to blend into their environment. 因为猴子的脸多毛。他们头发的颜色使他们融入环境。 可知，此处指毛茸茸的脸和头发颜色使计算机更难完成这项工作。所以这些因素指的是毛茸茸的脸和头发颜色，故选C。
16．细节理解题。根据李保国所说 It is difficult to take high-quality pictures and videos of them, which are needed to improve the system, 可知，他认为这个系统需要高质量的图片来改善，故选D。
17．主旨大意题。根据本文内容可知，本文主要介绍了使用面部识别技术来研究猴子的基本情况。故选B。
【答案】18．C
19．D
20．B
21．D
22．A
【考点】科普类；说明文
【解析】【分析】短文大意：这篇短文主要介绍了语音识别功能及其好处。
【点评】考查说明文阅读。认真阅读题干，根据题干要求，在文中寻找答案所在的语句或段落，进行分析理解，词义猜测，推理判断和概括归纳，选出正确的选项。
18．细节理解题。根据第一段中的句子We usually“tell” themto do things by using a mouse or keyboard可知，我们通常通过鼠标或键盘来给它们下达指令，故答案为C。
19．词义猜测题。根据题干You might be familiar with Siri and Alexa, two examples of voice recognition software made by Apple and Amazon及常识，可知，人们对于Siri和Alexa这两种语音识别功能已经比较熟悉，所以familiar表示“熟悉的”，故答案为D。
20．细节理解题。根据 第二段最后一句They can be asked to do many things, from setting alarms and playing music to placing online shopping orders and controlling household appliances (家用电器) 可知用语音识别系统可以让它们设置闹钟，播放音乐，在线下单和控制家用电器，故答案为B。
21．推理判断题。根据第三段中的句子Voice recognition allows you to focus on (专注于)whatever you're doing at the moment while still doing other tasks. 可知语音识别功能可以让人们同时做不同的事情，D选项正确，故答案为D。
22．主旨大意题。根据短文内容可知，本文主要介绍了语音识别功能及其好处，故答案为A。
【答案】23．A
24．C
25．D
26．A
【考点】环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新的回收塑料的技术 ,相比传统的回收方法高效快速。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本题考点涉及细节理解、词义猜测、推理判断和段落大意，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
23．段落大意题。根据第一 段中的“However, the material, which is used for everything from shopping bags to drink bottles to food packaging, is hard to avoid.而，这种材料，用于从购物袋到饮料瓶到食品包装，很难避免。可知，第一段主要说明了塑料污染依旧存在，故选A。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段中的" The resulting material can be used to create anything and, more importantly, can be endlessly recycled. "产生的材料可以用来创造任何东西，更重要的是，可以持续回收利用。可知，该公司的最大优点是产生的材料可持续性利用，故选C。
25．词义猜测题。根据第3段 After six or seven cycles of recycling, the plastic might only be good enough to use for item like clothing or carpets, and eventually, it will have to be discarded entirely.经过六七个循环的回收，塑料可能只能用于衣服或地毯等物品，最终，它将不得不被完全丢弃。可知，discarded意为丢弃，和D选项同义，故选D。
26．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的" The recycling process, which is currently in its pilot stage, will be tested on a larger scale in France. “目前正在进行试验阶段的回收过程将在法国进行更大规模的测试。 可知，该项细菌酶技术还处于实验阶段，它尚未被广泛采用。 故选A。
【答案】27．B
28．C
29．D
30．A
【考点】环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文首先介绍了 Food miles 这一术语的概念，然后提出减少食物运输距离这一问题，接着对此问题进行相关评论。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题、推理判断题两种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。
27． 细节理解题。根据We should buy all the food that is grown locally and help our environment. 可知，我们应该买当地的食物而不是进口的食物来帮助减少食物运输距离，故选B。
28．推理判断题。根据 The Issue 部分的描述可知，此部分先说明了 "Food miles" 的含义，然后说明为了保护环境，我们应该减少食物运输的距离，因此这部分的目的是为了描述问题，引发下面的讨论，故选C。
29．推理判断题。根据下文 Has your rice come from Thailand？Have your oranges come from America 以及 Research has found that the contents of the average family shopping basket have traveled a surprising 70, 000 kilometers. 可知，作者发现食物来自许多不同的地方，故选D。
30．细节理解题。根据Ellen P May 7, 10：00 am， Joy May 7, 11：17 am， Busy Dad May 7, 11：20 am ， Get real May 7, 11：34 am，Green boy May 7, 11：50 am 可知，这些评论是按照时间顺序进行排列的，故选A。
【答案】31．B
32．C
33．D
34．D
35．B
【考点】环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：很多人都有"就我一个"的问题。如果一些人这样，不要紧，但是如果很多人都这样，就会影响环境。有这样一个叫"根与芽"的组织，希望人们能像根与芽一样，团结在一起解决问题，更好的生活。
【点评】考查阅读理解。首先通读全文，理解文章大意，然后分析问题和选项，从文中找到依据，最后得出答案。
31．细节理解题。根据"Well, say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth, leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter on the ground. "可知"就我一个"的行为有刷牙时水一直流、出去的时候开灯或者往地上扔垃圾。故选B。
32．词句猜测题。根据"Of course, it won't matter if there are just a few people in the world. But all the millions of people may follow suit. "可知如果世界上只有一些人这样没有关系，但是上百万的人可能会效仿。所以follow suit是效仿的意思，故选C。
33．细节理解题。根据"To call on young people to take action for the environment. Roots & Shoots(根与芽) was set up in the early 1990s by Dr. Jane Goodall, a scientist who is the world's best-known expert on wild chimpanzees(黑猩猩)."可知根与芽的组织是为了号召人们行动起来保护环境。故选D。
34．推理判断题。根据"The roots and shoots are you, your friends and young people
all around the world. Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can work
together to solve the problems, change the world and make it a better place to
live in."可知根与芽就是我们每个人，我们团结一起，就能让我们生活的世界更美好，因此每个人都能让世界更美好。故选D。
35．主旨大意题。文章开头提出"Just-me-ism"这个概念，然后围绕"就我一个"展开，因此B选项最适合做标题。故选B。
【答案】36．D
37．B
38．B
39．B
40．A
【考点】环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了垃圾的四种分类以及做好垃圾分类的方法。
【点评】考查阅读理解。首先通读全文，理解文章大意，然后分析问题和选项，从文中找到依据，最后得出答案。
36．推理判断题。根据“1. Recyclable waste...2. Harmful waste...3. Wet waste...4. Dry
waste...”可知，文章提到了四种垃圾。故选D。
37．细节理解题。根据“4.
Dry waste: things that aren't wet, recyclable or harmful waste.”可知，干垃圾是不湿的、可回收的或有害的垃圾。故选B。
38．细节理解题。根据“However, the bottles filled with air usually take up more transport
space.”可知，装满空气的瓶子通常会占用更多的运输空间。故选B。
39．推理判断题。根据“Although cardboard itself is recyclable, pizza boxes are not.”可知，尽管纸板本身是可回收的，比萨饼盒却不是，此处的“itself”指的是纸板。故选B。
40．推理判断题。通读全文，可知本文与垃圾分类有关，可推知可能会在杂志上看到。故选A。
【答案】41．C
42．A
43．A
44．C
【考点】环保类；议论文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要通过Robert Bezeau建造塑料瓶村庄的例子，呼吁人们要循环使用塑料瓶，为我们的海洋环境出一份力。
【点评】考查阅读理解。首先通读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住问题关键词，在文中寻找相关信息，确定答案，最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。
41．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Most plastic bottles end up in the oceans. They break into small pieces. Fish and birds often mistake them for food.”可知，我们不应该把塑料瓶扔进海洋，因为鱼和鸟类经常把它们误认为食物。故选C。
42．词义猜测题。根据第二段的“Now Robert Bezeau has come up with an idea. It may not solve the world's plastic woes, but will at least make a difference…”及结合选项可推断，Robert Bezeau想出了一个主意，它也许不能解决世界的塑料行业的困境，但至少会有些不同。solve意为“解决”，结合语境应是解决“麻烦”，所以划线单词与Troubles 意思相近。故选A。
43．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Interestingly, the bottles are good insulators (绝缘体) and help keep the home at a comfortable temperature.”可知有趣的是，这些瓶子是很好的绝缘体，有助于保持家里舒适的温度。由此可推断出，塑料瓶屋，让人感觉很舒适。故选A。
44．标题归纳题。阅读文章可知，本文主要通过Robert Bezeau建造塑料瓶村庄的例子，呼吁人们要循环使用塑料瓶，为我们的海洋环境出一份力。分析选项可知，选项C“循环利用对我们的海洋有好处”为最佳题目。故选C。
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