资源简介

(共43张PPT)
Grammar—Review of relative clauses
Unit5 Poems
1. Connect the sentences using relative pronouns of adverbs. then put the sentences in the correct order to compose a passage.
1 The Crescent Moon is perhaps the most famous collection of children's poems. It is known to people in China.
2 There are also many poems written from a child's perspective. In these poems the poet Tagore shows a sympathetic understanding of children's feelings.
3 The English version of the book contains nearly 50 poems,the focus of the poems is on the parent-child relationship.
4 The initial poems were written from the perspective of a mother. The mother loves her baby at play and at rest, in laughter and in tears.
5. Many people love toread this collection of poems. The reason is that they can feel the warmth of love and enjoy the innocence of childhood.
6 It was written by the Indian poet Tagore. Tagore was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
that
in which
which
who
The reason why many people love to read this collection of poems
who
1
5
3
4
6
2
1.In these poems the poet Tagore shows a sympathetic understanding of children’s feelings.在这些诗中，诗人泰戈尔表现了对孩子感情的同情理解。
?sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的
※be sympathetic to/towards sb. /sth. 同情/支持某人，赞同某事
※sympathy n.同情；赞同
feel/have sympathy for sb. 同情某人
in sympathy with...赞同；支持；因……而出现
out of sympathy出于同情
※sympathetically adv.同情地
(1)I didn’t feel at all sympathetic towards Kate who was always rude to me.
我对凯特一点儿也不同情，她对我一直都很粗鲁。
(2)The newspapers are largely (sympathy) to the president.
报纸大都支持总统。
(3)I have sympathy Jane.It’s not all her own fault.
我同情简，不都是她自己的错。
(4)The seamen went on strike in sympathy the workers.
海员们进行罢工，表示对工人们的支持。
(5)We hope this application will be treated (sympathetic).
我们希望这份申请能得到妥善处理。
sympathetic
for
with
sympathetically
The reason is that they can feel the warmth of love and enjoy the innocence of childhood.原因是他们能感觉到爱的温暖、享受童年的纯真。
※本句中的that引导表语从句。The reason is that...原因是……
※类似结构还有：
①This/That is because...这/那是因为……，because引导表语从句，表示原因。
②This/That is why...这/那就是为什么……，why引导表语从句，表示结果。
③The reason why...is that...……的原因是……，why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句(切记不可用because)，that从句表示原因。
(1)He failed the exam.That was because he was too careless.
他考试失败了，那是因为他太粗心了。
(2)She had seen that film.That was she didn’t see it last night.
她看过那部电影，所以昨晚她没有去看。
(3)The reason she didn’t see the film last night was she had seen it before.
昨晚她没去看电影的原因是她以前看过这部电影。
why
that
why
Tagore was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.泰戈尔是第一个获得诺贝尔文学奖的亚洲人。
句中不定式短语to win the Nobel Prize in Literature作后置定语，修饰the first Asian。当中心词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，常用不定式(短语)作后置定语。
英语中常用不定式(短语)作后置定语的情况：
※被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时；
※不定代词something，nothing，little等后常用不定式作定语；
※抽象名词way，chance，ability，courage，opportunity，wish等后常用不定式作定语；
※被修饰词前有the only，the very，the next等词对其进行修饰时；
※表示将要发生的动作时(既有主动形式，也有被动形式)。
(1)He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
他总是第一个来，最后一个走。
(2)Will you attend the meeting (hold) tomorrow？
你会参加明天举行的会议吗？
(3)You are the only person (go) abroad for further study in our company.
你是我们公司去国外进修的唯一人选。
(4)Thank you for giving me the chance (make) a speech.
谢谢你给我发言的机会。
返 回
to be held
to go
to make
If you study the history of English literature,you will find the names of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning,________were one of the most romantic literary couples of the Victorian era. Elizabeth Barrett started to write poetry from about the age of six. In1844,Elizabeth's Poems brought her great _______(succeed) and also attracted the admiration of poet Robert Browning. Browning fell in love with her poetry and then they entered into personal correspondence. The couple exchanged many letters,______ obviously helped sow the seeds of love between the two. Elizabeth had been ill for many years.She stayed at home and almost never saw visitors. Browning was sure about his love, so he found a way to visit her, and immediately __________ (convince) her to become his bride. However,their subsequent marriage was carried out in secret _______ her father was a dominant and selfish man_____ would refuse to let his daughter go.The couple moved to Italy in 1846,______ Elizabeth lived for the rest of her life.Browning had a great influence on Elizabeth's writing.The best evidence____ can be found is Sonnets from the Portuguese _____ were written during the
time _____ she was in love with Robert Browning.
who
which
because
who
where
that
when
that
convinced
success
Browning fell in love with her poetry and then they entered into personal correspondence.布朗宁爱上了她的诗，然后他们就开始私人通信了。
?correspondence n.来往信件；通信联系；通信；相符，相似；一致，相当
※in correspondence with与……有通信联系；与……一致
※correspond vi.通信；相类似；相应；一致；符合
correspond with sb. 与某人通信
correspond to相当于……；类似于……
correspond with/to与……一致；符合
(1)Have you been corresponding with him since you graduated from the university
自从大学毕业后，你一直和他通信吗？
(2)The translation does not correspond the original，which made us all confused.
译文不符合原意，这使我们都很迷惑。
[句型转换]
(3)Your account of events does not correspond with hers.
①Your account of events does not hers.
②Your account of events is not hers.
to/with
agree with
in correspondence with
convince vt.说服，劝说（某人做某事）；使确信，使相信，使信服
convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convince sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事
convince sb. (that)… 使某人相信
convinced adj.深信的，确信的（指人的感受）
convincing adj.令人信服的（指事物特性）
convincingly adv.令人信服地，有说服力地
Browning was sure about his love, so he found a way to visit her, and immediately convinced her to become his bride.
1. I hope this will convince you to change your mind.
我希望这会说服你改变主意。
2.If we want to protect the environment，we must clarify the problems and convince people of the necessity to take action.
我们如果想保护环境，就必须阐明问题并使人们相信采取行动的必要性。
3It＇s useless trying to convince her (that) she doesn＇t need to lose any weight.
要让她相信她无需减肥是徒劳的。
定语从句
感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题
(1)There are various reasons why people compose poetry.
(2)Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes.
(3)One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”，which contains a list of things，people，ideas，or descriptions that develop a particular theme.
(4)List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.
(5)Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain，which is made up of five lines.
(6)Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables.
(7)The haiku poem on the right is a translation from Japanese，which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly.
1.在上述句子中，句(1)、(2)、(4)，句(5)的第一处加颜色部分和句(6)是
定语从句；句(3)的加颜色部分和句(5)的第二处加颜色部分是
定语从句。
2.句(2)中省略了定语从句的关系词。
3.句(1)中是 引导定语从句；句(3)、(4)、(5)、(6)、(7)都是_____
引导定语从句。
限制性
非限制性
关系副词
关系
代词
在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose等；关系副词有when，where，why。
一、定语从句的 相关概念理解
三、关系代词的具体用法
who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略；which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略；that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which；在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略；whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。
The person that/who tricked me was one of my classmates.
骗我的那个人是我的一个同学。
The old man (that/whom) the girl had tricked was my grandfather.
女孩欺骗的那位老人是我的爷爷。
The gold medal (that/which) she won has been given to her old school.
她曾经获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。
The woman (that/whom) I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.
我在报纸上读到的那位女士刚刚赢得了一枚金牌。
This is the person whose story surprised everybody.
就是这个人的故事让所有人吃了一惊。
[温馨提示]
1.宜用that不宜用which的情况
(1)当先行词是all，little，much，something，anything，everything，nothing，some等不定代词时。
All that can be done has been done.
一切能做的都已经做完了。
(2)当先行词被all，every，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，the right，the last，just等修饰时。
Music is the only thing that interests me.
音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。
(3)当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.
这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。
(4)当先行词中既有人又有物时。
She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.
她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。
2.宜用which不宜用that的情况
(1)关系代词前有介词时。
The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.
我过去住的房子现在变成了一家鞋店。
(2)在非限制性定语从句中。
Have you ever read the book，which was written by a young girl
你曾读过一个年轻女孩写的这本书吗？
3.宜用who不宜用that的情况
(1)当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如：one，ones，anyone等。
Anyone who does that must be mad.
谁那样做都一定是疯了。
(2)当先行词是人称代词I，you，he，they等时(常用于谚语中)。
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。
(3)当先行词为指人的those时。
Those who have good manners will be highly respected.
那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。
(4)在there be结构中，先行词指人时。
There is a young man who wants to see you.有一个年轻人想见你。
4.whose指物时，常用下列结构来代替
The classroom whose door is broken can hold 40 students.
＝The classroom the door of which is broken can hold 40 students.
＝The classroom of which the door is broken can hold 40 students.
那间被弄坏了门的教室能容纳40个学生。
四、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词的指代及功能
关系副词 先行词 功能
when 表示时间的名词 时间状语
where 表示地点的名词 地点状语
why reason 原因状语
I still remember the time when I first traveled by plane.
我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。
I’d like to live in the house where there is plenty of sunshine.
我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。
Can you tell me the reason why you didn’t come to his birthday party
你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？
[温馨提示]
表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则应用关系代词。试比较：
Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语)
Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which作spent的宾语)
I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why作原因状语)
I won’t listen to the reason that/which you have given us.
我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用which/that，不用why)
三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。
选用介词的依据：
1.根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.
昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。(be famous for因……而出名)
2.根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。
This is the camera with which he often takes photos.
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(with camera用照相机)
The boss in whose company Mr King worked heard about the accident.
金先生所工作的公司的老板听说了这起事故。(in the boss’ company)
3.根据句子的意思来选择。
The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
这种无色的、离了它我们就无法生存的气体是氧气。
4.表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。
I have about 10 books，half of which were written by Mo Yan.
我有大约10本书，其中一半是莫言写的。
[温馨提示]
在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after，look for等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正)
The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误)
五、非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句做些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外，其他都可以。
He is English，which I know from his accent.
他是英国人，我通过他的口音知道这一点。
I heard a terrible noise，which brought my heart into my mouth.
我听到了一个可怕的声音，这使我非常害怕。
[温馨提示]
关系代词as和which的区别
as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句或主句中的一部分内容，先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语；as和which都不可省略，有时两者可以互换。
He married her，as/which was natural.
他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。
下列情况通常只用as而不用which：
当定语从句置于主句前面时，用as不用which。
As you see，the Chinese people are hard-working.(定语从句在句首)
你知道，中国人民是勤劳的。
注意下面句子的多种表达方法：
众所周知，月球每月绕地球转一圈。
As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.
The moon travels round the earth once every month，as/which is known to everybody.
It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
(后两句属名词性从句范畴）
六、使用定语从句的注意事项
1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。
Those who are over 45 won’t be permitted into the hall.
超过45岁的人不允许进入大厅。
[温馨提示]
“one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。
This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.
这是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本。
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.
他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩。
2.为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。
This is the factory which we visited last Sunday.(visited后不可加it)
这就是我们上星期天参观过的工厂。
返 回
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The reason why he failed was he was always lazy.
2.He is the first person (get) such a chance in this village.
3.The editor asked me to get the new article (polish) again.
4.When I walked past，our monitor was putting the new notice.
5.Sometimes the best thing one can do is listen openly and ______________
(sympathetic).
6.The judges’ decision is final and no (correspond) will be entered into.
7.The fact is that there was a great (vary) between individuals.
8.People were (prejudice) against Deirdre before they met her.
that
to get
polished
up
sympathetically
correspondence
variation
prejudiced
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.He is the man has offered some useful advice.
2.It is the most interesting book he has ever read.
3.He is the boy of we are proud in our school.
4.The building doors are white is an office building.
5.Anyone has helped to save the old man is worth praising.
6.She is the only one of the children who (be) good at music here.
7.The first place she visited in China was the History Museum.
who/that
that
whom
whose
who
is
that
8.The reason she changed her mind is quite clear.
9.The days they travelled together meant a lot to him.
10.She has two sons，both of graduated from Harvard University.
why
when
whom
Ⅲ.语法填空
Yangshuo，China
It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn’t care.A few hours before，I’d been at home in Hong Kong,
11. I breathed its choking smog.Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain.
I’d skipped nearby Guilin,12. is a dream place for tourists
13. seek the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River
14. are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.Instead，I’d headed straight for Yangshuo.For those 15. fly to Guilin，it’s only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
where
which
who/that
that/which
who
Yangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travelers 16. was conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations 17. are famous in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people and their families
18. are in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent,19. is a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people 20. live in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
that/which
that/which
that/who
which
who/that
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