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2022高中英语精选外刊语法填空18
1今后20年世界面临多重气候危害
In normal circumstances the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) can take media attention 1____ granted. Its infrequent and authoritative analyses of how much climate change human activity is causing, and will cause, and its weighty 2____(warning) about the consequent rising seas, deepening droughts, failing crops and so forth lead front pages and news bulletins alike.
This week, though, circumstances are anything but normal, and the panel found that getting the world 3____(pay) attention to a 3,600-page document describing in great detail the current and future impacts of climate change was hard.
To add to the sidelining, the fact 4____ the Russian invasion of Ukraine is likely to bring about a profound shift in European energy policies makes the war 5____(particular) fascinating to the sort of climate experts 6_____are normally fixated on the utterances of the IPCC. And to pile on yet more distraction, the 7_____(big) climate story of the week could end up 8____(be) the attitude which America’s Supreme Court takes to the federal government’s powers over greenhouse-gas emissions.
This is not because its authors are more diligent than their predecessors, but rather because there is more going on. Previous reports on impacts, vulnerabilities（脆弱性） and adaptation relied on 9____(predict). In this one the authors need only to look around them to catalogue increased flooding, more heatwaves, stressed ecosystems and millions of lives that have become harder 10____( live).
2 哪些基因能帮助植物在沙漠生存？
Every April for the past decade, systems biologist Rodrigo Gutiérrez 1_____(drive) 1,600 kilometers (1,000 miles) to reach one of the 2_____(dry) places on Earth: Chile’s Atacama Desert (智利的阿塔卡马沙漠), parts of 3_____ receive less than three millimeters of rain 4____(annual). His team collected plants and soil from nearly two dozen sites each year, froze the samples in liquid nitrogen(液氮), and brought them back to his laboratory at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile.
For a new study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, Guitérrez and his colleagues analyzed the plants’ genes and the microorganisms（微生物） that help them thrive in such extreme conditions. “We knew almost nothing about how these plants survived,” Gutiérrez says. “There was great potential 5____(study) these wild species, which is now a little 6____(easy) with all the genomic tools that we have.” His team investigated 32 plant species, some closely related to grains, legumes and potato crops, from three altitude ranges.
Scientists usually conduct genetic studies on lab-grown plants, which lets researchers tightly control factors such as the amount of nutrients and light the plants receive. But sampling plants in nature captures critical differences 7____(base) on their varied living conditions. This study “merges the genomics with ecological understanding of how plants behave in their natural environment,” says University of California, Davis, plant biologist Neelima Sinha, who was not involved in the research. “That just by itself makes it very significant.”
To identify genes that contribute 8____the plants’ survival, Gutiérrez worked with ecologists, plant biologists, genomics experts and computer scientists to compare the genetic codes of the sampled Atacama species with those of closely related plants. In what the researchers describe as a “genetic gold mine,” they traced genomes’ evolutionary changes and identified adaptive mutations （适应性基因突变）related to stress response(应激), metabolism （代谢）and energy production.
These mutations might help desert plants tolerate intense solar radiation, optimize water capture and adjust flowering times. The researchers also discovered 9____abundance of bacteria that live on the desert plants’ roots and convert nitrogen from the air into a usable form, 10____(aid) growth in nitrogen-poor soils(缺氮的土壤).
3 “山葵保卫战”：日本美食经典佐料面临危机
Mr. Asada is just one of many 1____(grower) in Shizuoka, one of Japan’s largest wasabi-growing regions, 2____ must confront rising challenges from global warming, the legacy of untended forests and demographic decline(人口下降) . Already, these hazards have chipped away at the centuries-old culture of wasabi（山葵） in the area and imperiled the future of one of the prefecture’s most important agricultural products and a pillar of its tourism business.
Over the last decade, the volume of wasabi produced in Shizuoka 3____(decline) by close to 55 percent, according to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. The wasabi that comes in tubes and packets and is familiar 4____ many diners is actually a blend of wasabi and horseradish dyed green — or contains no wasabi at all.
Wasabi plants sprout (发芽) in spring water that flows down from the mountains, 5____(help) to foster(促进) gradations of pungency and hints of sweetness. The most well-known Shizuoka variety, 6____(call) mazuma, tends to sell for 50 percent more than wasabi from other parts of Japan. Over time, local growers say, the spring water has deteriorated(下降) in quality, compromised by 7____ abundance of cedar（雪松） and cypress trees（柏树）.
Global warming has upset the balance even 8____(far). The delicate wasabi plants, which take more than a year 9____(mature), do best in conditions no higher than about 70 degrees Fahrenheit. In recent years, heat waves in Japan have 10_____(regular) pushed temperatures into the 90s and even above 100 degrees, causing more stalks to rot.
Government researchers and local growers have started to experiment with crossbreeding in an effort to develop hearty wasabi varieties that will thrive even in the rising heat. The challenge is that, unlike with other crops such as cucumbers or tomatoes, extracting seeds and growing seedlings from wasabi requires sophisticated technology. Most growers rely on specialized companies to clone seedlings in labs and greenhouses. Crossbreeding new varieties entails complicated pollination efforts, and most of all, time.
2022高中英语精选外刊语法填空18
1今后20年世界面临多重气候危害
In normal circumstances the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) can take media attention 1____ granted. Its infrequent and authoritative analyses of how much climate change human activity is causing, and will cause, and its weighty 2____(warning) about the consequent rising seas, deepening droughts, failing crops and so forth lead front pages and news bulletins alike.
This week, though, circumstances are anything but normal, and the panel found that getting the world 3____(pay) attention to a 3,600-page document describing in great detail the current and future impacts of climate change was hard.
To add to the sidelining, the fact 4____ the Russian invasion of Ukraine is likely to bring about a profound shift in European energy policies makes the war 5____(particular) fascinating to the sort of climate experts 6_____are normally fixated on the utterances of the IPCC. And to pile on yet more distraction, the 7_____(big) climate story of the week could end up 8____(be) the attitude which America’s Supreme Court takes to the federal government’s powers over greenhouse-gas emissions.
This is not because its authors are more diligent than their predecessors, but rather because there is more going on. Previous reports on impacts, vulnerabilities（脆弱性） and adaptation relied on 9____(predict). In this one the authors need only to look around them to catalogue increased flooding, more heatwaves, stressed ecosystems and millions of lives that have become harder 10____( live).
keys:
1 for 2 warnings 3 to pay 4 that 5 particularly
6 who 7 biggest 8 being 9 prediction 10 to live
2 哪些基因能帮助植物在沙漠生存？
Every April for the past decade, systems biologist Rodrigo Gutiérrez 1_____(drive) 1,600 kilometers (1,000 miles) to reach one of the 2_____(dry) places on Earth: Chile’s Atacama Desert (智利的阿塔卡马沙漠), parts of 3_____ receive less than three millimeters of rain 4____(annual). His team collected plants and soil from nearly two dozen sites each year, froze the samples in liquid nitrogen(液氮), and brought them back to his laboratory at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile.
For a new study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, Guitérrez and his colleagues analyzed the plants’ genes and the microorganisms（微生物） that help them thrive in such extreme conditions. “We knew almost nothing about how these plants survived,” Gutiérrez says. “There was great potential 5____(study) these wild species, which is now a little 6____(easy) with all the genomic tools that we have.” His team investigated 32 plant species, some closely related to grains, legumes and potato crops, from three altitude ranges.
Scientists usually conduct genetic studies on lab-grown plants, which lets researchers tightly control factors such as the amount of nutrients and light the plants receive. But sampling plants in nature captures critical differences 7____(base) on their varied living conditions. This study “merges the genomics with ecological understanding of how plants behave in their natural environment,” says University of California, Davis, plant biologist Neelima Sinha, who was not involved in the research. “That just by itself makes it very significant.”
To identify genes that contribute 8____the plants’ survival, Gutiérrez worked with ecologists, plant biologists, genomics experts and computer scientists to compare the genetic codes of the sampled Atacama species with those of closely related plants. In what the researchers describe as a “genetic gold mine,” they traced genomes’ evolutionary changes and identified adaptive mutations （适应性基因突变）related to stress response(应激), metabolism （代谢）and energy production.
These mutations might help desert plants tolerate intense solar radiation, optimize water capture and adjust flowering times. The researchers also discovered 9____abundance of bacteria that live on the desert plants’ roots and convert nitrogen from the air into a usable form, 10____(aid) growth in nitrogen-poor soils(缺氮的土壤).
keys:
1 has driven 2 driest 3 which 4 annually 5 to study
6 easier 7 based 8 to 9 an 10 aiding
3 “山葵保卫战”：日本美食经典佐料面临危机
Mr. Asada is just one of many 1____(grower) in Shizuoka, one of Japan’s largest wasabi-growing regions, 2____ must confront rising challenges from global warming, the legacy of untended forests and demographic decline(人口下降) . Already, these hazards have chipped away at the centuries-old culture of wasabi（山葵） in the area and imperiled the future of one of the prefecture’s most important agricultural products and a pillar of its tourism business.
Over the last decade, the volume of wasabi produced in Shizuoka 3____(decline) by close to 55 percent, according to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. The wasabi that comes in tubes and packets and is familiar 4____ many diners is actually a blend of wasabi and horseradish dyed green — or contains no wasabi at all.
Wasabi plants sprout (发芽) in spring water that flows down from the mountains, 5____(help) to foster(促进) gradations of pungency and hints of sweetness. The most well-known Shizuoka variety, 6____(call) mazuma, tends to sell for 50 percent more than wasabi from other parts of Japan. Over time, local growers say, the spring water has deteriorated(下降) in quality, compromised by 7____ abundance of cedar（雪松） and cypress trees（柏树）.
Global warming has upset the balance even 8____(far). The delicate wasabi plants, which take more than a year 9____(mature), do best in conditions no higher than about 70 degrees Fahrenheit. In recent years, heat waves in Japan have 10_____(regular) pushed temperatures into the 90s and even above 100 degrees, causing more stalks to rot.
Government researchers and local growers have started to experiment with crossbreeding in an effort to develop hearty wasabi varieties that will thrive even in the rising heat. The challenge is that, unlike with other crops such as cucumbers or tomatoes, extracting seeds and growing seedlings from wasabi requires sophisticated technology. Most growers rely on specialized companies to clone seedlings in labs and greenhouses. Crossbreeding new varieties entails complicated pollination efforts, and most of all, time.
keys:
1 growers 2 which 3 has declined 4 to 5 helping
6 called 7 an 8 further 9 to mature 10 regularly

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